Change the pr_info() calls to pr_debug(). There's no need for the extra
verbosity in the log. Also change the msg formats to be consistent.
Signed-off-by: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change the "enabled" parameter to be configurable at runtime. Remove the
enabled check from init(), and move it to the frontswap store() function;
when enabled, pages will be stored, and when disabled, pages won't be
stored.
This is almost identical to Seth's patch from 2 years ago:
http://lkml.iu.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/1307.2/04289.html
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak documentation]
Signed-off-by: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Suggested-by: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The DEBUG define in zsmalloc is useless, there is no usage of it at all.
Signed-off-by: Marcin Jabrzyk <m.jabrzyk@samsung.com>
Acked-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With s390 dropping support for emulated hugepages, the last user of
arch_prepare_hugepage and arch_release_hugepage is gone.
Signed-off-by: Dominik Dingel <dingel@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull cgroup writeback support from Jens Axboe:
"This is the big pull request for adding cgroup writeback support.
This code has been in development for a long time, and it has been
simmering in for-next for a good chunk of this cycle too. This is one
of those problems that has been talked about for at least half a
decade, finally there's a solution and code to go with it.
Also see last weeks writeup on LWN:
http://lwn.net/Articles/648292/"
* 'for-4.2/writeback' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (85 commits)
writeback, blkio: add documentation for cgroup writeback support
vfs, writeback: replace FS_CGROUP_WRITEBACK with SB_I_CGROUPWB
writeback: do foreign inode detection iff cgroup writeback is enabled
v9fs: fix error handling in v9fs_session_init()
bdi: fix wrong error return value in cgwb_create()
buffer: remove unusued 'ret' variable
writeback: disassociate inodes from dying bdi_writebacks
writeback: implement foreign cgroup inode bdi_writeback switching
writeback: add lockdep annotation to inode_to_wb()
writeback: use unlocked_inode_to_wb transaction in inode_congested()
writeback: implement unlocked_inode_to_wb transaction and use it for stat updates
writeback: implement [locked_]inode_to_wb_and_lock_list()
writeback: implement foreign cgroup inode detection
writeback: make writeback_control track the inode being written back
writeback: relocate wb[_try]_get(), wb_put(), inode_{attach|detach}_wb()
mm: vmscan: disable memcg direct reclaim stalling if cgroup writeback support is in use
writeback: implement memcg writeback domain based throttling
writeback: reset wb_domain->dirty_limit[_tstmp] when memcg domain size changes
writeback: implement memcg wb_domain
writeback: update wb_over_bg_thresh() to use wb_domain aware operations
...
Pull core block IO update from Jens Axboe:
"Nothing really major in here, mostly a collection of smaller
optimizations and cleanups, mixed with various fixes. In more detail,
this contains:
- Addition of policy specific data to blkcg for block cgroups. From
Arianna Avanzini.
- Various cleanups around command types from Christoph.
- Cleanup of the suspend block I/O path from Christoph.
- Plugging updates from Shaohua and Jeff Moyer, for blk-mq.
- Eliminating atomic inc/dec of both remaining IO count and reference
count in a bio. From me.
- Fixes for SG gap and chunk size support for data-less (discards)
IO, so we can merge these better. From me.
- Small restructuring of blk-mq shared tag support, freeing drivers
from iterating hardware queues. From Keith Busch.
- A few cfq-iosched tweaks, from Tahsin Erdogan and me. Makes the
IOPS mode the default for non-rotational storage"
* 'for-4.2/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (35 commits)
cfq-iosched: fix other locations where blkcg_to_cfqgd() can return NULL
cfq-iosched: fix sysfs oops when attempting to read unconfigured weights
cfq-iosched: move group scheduling functions under ifdef
cfq-iosched: fix the setting of IOPS mode on SSDs
blktrace: Add blktrace.c to BLOCK LAYER in MAINTAINERS file
block, cgroup: implement policy-specific per-blkcg data
block: Make CFQ default to IOPS mode on SSDs
block: add blk_set_queue_dying() to blkdev.h
blk-mq: Shared tag enhancements
block: don't honor chunk sizes for data-less IO
block: only honor SG gap prevention for merges that contain data
block: fix returnvar.cocci warnings
block, dm: don't copy bios for request clones
block: remove management of bi_remaining when restoring original bi_end_io
block: replace trylock with mutex_lock in blkdev_reread_part()
block: export blkdev_reread_part() and __blkdev_reread_part()
suspend: simplify block I/O handling
block: collapse bio bit space
block: remove unused BIO_RW_BLOCK and BIO_EOF flags
block: remove BIO_EOPNOTSUPP
...
Merge first patchbomb from Andrew Morton:
- a few misc things
- ocfs2 udpates
- kernel/watchdog.c feature work (took ages to get right)
- most of MM. A few tricky bits are held up and probably won't make 4.2.
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (91 commits)
mm: kmemleak_alloc_percpu() should follow the gfp from per_alloc()
mm, thp: respect MPOL_PREFERRED policy with non-local node
tmpfs: truncate prealloc blocks past i_size
mm/memory hotplug: print the last vmemmap region at the end of hot add memory
mm/mmap.c: optimization of do_mmap_pgoff function
mm: kmemleak: optimise kmemleak_lock acquiring during kmemleak_scan
mm: kmemleak: avoid deadlock on the kmemleak object insertion error path
mm: kmemleak: do not acquire scan_mutex in kmemleak_do_cleanup()
mm: kmemleak: fix delete_object_*() race when called on the same memory block
mm: kmemleak: allow safe memory scanning during kmemleak disabling
memcg: convert mem_cgroup->under_oom from atomic_t to int
memcg: remove unused mem_cgroup->oom_wakeups
frontswap: allow multiple backends
x86, mirror: x86 enabling - find mirrored memory ranges
mm/memblock: allocate boot time data structures from mirrored memory
mm/memblock: add extra "flags" to memblock to allow selection of memory based on attribute
mm: do not ignore mapping_gfp_mask in page cache allocation paths
mm/cma.c: fix typos in comments
mm/oom_kill.c: print points as unsigned int
mm/hugetlb: handle races in alloc_huge_page and hugetlb_reserve_pages
...
Beginning at commit d52d3997f8 ("ipv6: Create percpu rt6_info"), the
following INFO splat is logged:
===============================
[ INFO: suspicious RCU usage. ]
4.1.0-rc7-next-20150612 #1 Not tainted
-------------------------------
kernel/sched/core.c:7318 Illegal context switch in RCU-bh read-side critical section!
other info that might help us debug this:
rcu_scheduler_active = 1, debug_locks = 0
3 locks held by systemd/1:
#0: (rtnl_mutex){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff815f0c8f>] rtnetlink_rcv+0x1f/0x40
#1: (rcu_read_lock_bh){......}, at: [<ffffffff816a34e2>] ipv6_add_addr+0x62/0x540
#2: (addrconf_hash_lock){+...+.}, at: [<ffffffff816a3604>] ipv6_add_addr+0x184/0x540
stack backtrace:
CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: systemd Not tainted 4.1.0-rc7-next-20150612 #1
Hardware name: TOSHIBA TECRA A50-A/TECRA A50-A, BIOS Version 4.20 04/17/2014
Call Trace:
dump_stack+0x4c/0x6e
lockdep_rcu_suspicious+0xe7/0x120
___might_sleep+0x1d5/0x1f0
__might_sleep+0x4d/0x90
kmem_cache_alloc+0x47/0x250
create_object+0x39/0x2e0
kmemleak_alloc_percpu+0x61/0xe0
pcpu_alloc+0x370/0x630
Additional backtrace lines are truncated. In addition, the above splat
is followed by several "BUG: sleeping function called from invalid
context at mm/slub.c:1268" outputs. As suggested by Martin KaFai Lau,
these are the clue to the fix. Routine kmemleak_alloc_percpu() always
uses GFP_KERNEL for its allocations, whereas it should follow the gfp
from its callers.
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Larry Finger <Larry.Finger@lwfinger.net>
Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.18+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since commit 077fcf116c ("mm/thp: allocate transparent hugepages on
local node"), we handle THP allocations on page fault in a special way -
for non-interleave memory policies, the allocation is only attempted on
the node local to the current CPU, if the policy's nodemask allows the
node.
This is motivated by the assumption that THP benefits cannot offset the
cost of remote accesses, so it's better to fallback to base pages on the
local node (which might still be available, while huge pages are not due
to fragmentation) than to allocate huge pages on a remote node.
The nodemask check prevents us from violating e.g. MPOL_BIND policies
where the local node is not among the allowed nodes. However, the
current implementation can still give surprising results for the
MPOL_PREFERRED policy when the preferred node is different than the
current CPU's local node.
In such case we should honor the preferred node and not use the local
node, which is what this patch does. If hugepage allocation on the
preferred node fails, we fall back to base pages and don't try other
nodes, with the same motivation as is done for the local node hugepage
allocations. The patch also moves the MPOL_INTERLEAVE check around to
simplify the hugepage specific test.
The difference can be demonstrated using in-tree transhuge-stress test
on the following 2-node machine where half memory on one node was
occupied to show the difference.
> numactl --hardware
available: 2 nodes (0-1)
node 0 cpus: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
node 0 size: 7878 MB
node 0 free: 3623 MB
node 1 cpus: 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
node 1 size: 8045 MB
node 1 free: 7818 MB
node distances:
node 0 1
0: 10 21
1: 21 10
Before the patch:
> numactl -p0 -C0 ./transhuge-stress
transhuge-stress: 2.197 s/loop, 0.276 ms/page, 7249.168 MiB/s 7962 succeed, 0 failed, 1786 different pages
> numactl -p0 -C12 ./transhuge-stress
transhuge-stress: 2.962 s/loop, 0.372 ms/page, 5376.172 MiB/s 7962 succeed, 0 failed, 3873 different pages
Number of successful THP allocations corresponds to free memory on node 0 in
the first case and node 1 in the second case, i.e. -p parameter is ignored and
cpu binding "wins".
After the patch:
> numactl -p0 -C0 ./transhuge-stress
transhuge-stress: 2.183 s/loop, 0.274 ms/page, 7295.516 MiB/s 7962 succeed, 0 failed, 1760 different pages
> numactl -p0 -C12 ./transhuge-stress
transhuge-stress: 2.878 s/loop, 0.361 ms/page, 5533.638 MiB/s 7962 succeed, 0 failed, 1750 different pages
> numactl -p1 -C0 ./transhuge-stress
transhuge-stress: 4.628 s/loop, 0.581 ms/page, 3440.893 MiB/s 7962 succeed, 0 failed, 3918 different pages
The -p parameter is respected regardless of cpu binding.
> numactl -C0 ./transhuge-stress
transhuge-stress: 2.202 s/loop, 0.277 ms/page, 7230.003 MiB/s 7962 succeed, 0 failed, 1750 different pages
> numactl -C12 ./transhuge-stress
transhuge-stress: 3.020 s/loop, 0.379 ms/page, 5273.324 MiB/s 7962 succeed, 0 failed, 3916 different pages
Without -p parameter, hugepage restriction to CPU-local node works as before.
Fixes: 077fcf116c ("mm/thp: allocate transparent hugepages on local node")
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.0+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
One of the rocksdb people noticed that when you do something like this
fallocate(fd, FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE, 0, 10M)
pwrite(fd, buf, 5M, 0)
ftruncate(5M)
on tmpfs, the file would still take up 10M: which led to super fun
issues because we were getting ENOSPC before we thought we should be
getting ENOSPC. This patch fixes the problem, and mirrors what all the
other fs'es do (and was agreed to be the correct behaviour at LSF).
I tested it locally to make sure it worked properly with the following
xfs_io -f -c "falloc -k 0 10M" -c "pwrite 0 5M" -c "truncate 5M" file
Without the patch we have "Blocks: 20480", with the patch we have the
correct value of "Blocks: 10240".
Signed-off-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When hot add two nodes continuously, we found the vmemmap region info is
a bit messed. The last region of node 2 is printed when node 3 hot
added, like the following:
Initmem setup node 2 [mem 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff]
On node 2 totalpages: 0
Built 2 zonelists in Node order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16090539
Policy zone: Normal
init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x40000000000-0x407ffffffff]
[mem 0x40000000000-0x407ffffffff] page 1G
[ffffea1000000000-ffffea10001fffff] PMD -> [ffff8a077d800000-ffff8a077d9fffff] on node 2
[ffffea1000200000-ffffea10003fffff] PMD -> [ffff8a077de00000-ffff8a077dffffff] on node 2
...
[ffffea101f600000-ffffea101f9fffff] PMD -> [ffff8a074ac00000-ffff8a074affffff] on node 2
[ffffea101fa00000-ffffea101fdfffff] PMD -> [ffff8a074a800000-ffff8a074abfffff] on node 2
Initmem setup node 3 [mem 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff]
On node 3 totalpages: 0
Built 3 zonelists in Node order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16090539
Policy zone: Normal
init_memory_mapping: [mem 0x60000000000-0x607ffffffff]
[mem 0x60000000000-0x607ffffffff] page 1G
[ffffea101fe00000-ffffea101fffffff] PMD -> [ffff8a074a400000-ffff8a074a5fffff] on node 2 <=== node 2 ???
[ffffea1800000000-ffffea18001fffff] PMD -> [ffff8a074a600000-ffff8a074a7fffff] on node 3
[ffffea1800200000-ffffea18005fffff] PMD -> [ffff8a074a000000-ffff8a074a3fffff] on node 3
[ffffea1800600000-ffffea18009fffff] PMD -> [ffff8a0749c00000-ffff8a0749ffffff] on node 3
...
The cause is the last region was missed at the and of hot add memory,
and p_start, p_end, node_start were not reset, so when hot add memory to
a new node, it will consider they are not contiguous blocks and print
the previous one. So we print the last vmemmap region at the end of hot
add memory to avoid the confusion.
Signed-off-by: Zhu Guihua <zhugh.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The simple check for zero length memory mapping may be performed
earlier. So that in case of zero length memory mapping some unnecessary
code is not executed at all. It does not make the code less readable
and saves some CPU cycles.
Signed-off-by: Piotr Kwapulinski <kwapulinski.piotr@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The kmemleak memory scanning uses finer grained object->lock spinlocks
primarily to avoid races with the memory block freeing. However, the
pointer lookup in the rb tree requires the kmemleak_lock to be held.
This is currently done in the find_and_get_object() function for each
pointer-like location read during scanning. While this allows a low
latency on kmemleak_*() callbacks on other CPUs, the memory scanning is
slower.
This patch moves the kmemleak_lock outside the scan_block() loop,
acquiring/releasing it only once per scanned memory block. The
allow_resched logic is moved outside scan_block() and a new
scan_large_block() function is implemented which splits large blocks in
MAX_SCAN_SIZE chunks with cond_resched() calls in-between. A redundant
(object->flags & OBJECT_NO_SCAN) check is also removed from
scan_object().
With this patch, the kmemleak scanning performance is significantly
improved: at least 50% with lock debugging disabled and over an order of
magnitude with lock proving enabled (on an arm64 system).
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While very unlikely (usually kmemleak or sl*b bug), the create_object()
function in mm/kmemleak.c may fail to insert a newly allocated object into
the rb tree. When this happens, kmemleak disables itself and prints
additional information about the object already found in the rb tree.
Such printing is done with the parent->lock acquired, however the
kmemleak_lock is already held. This is a potential race with the scanning
thread which acquires object->lock and kmemleak_lock in a
This patch removes the locking around the 'parent' object information
printing. Such object cannot be freed or removed from object_tree_root
and object_list since kmemleak_lock is already held. There is a very
small risk that some of the object data is being modified on another CPU
but the only downside is inconsistent information printing.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The kmemleak_do_cleanup() work thread already waits for the kmemleak_scan
thread to finish via kthread_stop(). Waiting in kthread_stop() while
scan_mutex is held may lead to deadlock if kmemleak_scan_thread() also
waits to acquire for scan_mutex.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Calling delete_object_*() on the same pointer is not a standard use case
(unless there is a bug in the code calling kmemleak_free()). However,
during kmemleak disabling (error or user triggered via /sys), there is a
potential race between kmemleak_free() calls on a CPU and
__kmemleak_do_cleanup() on a different CPU.
The current delete_object_*() implementation first performs a look-up
holding kmemleak_lock, increments the object->use_count and then
re-acquires kmemleak_lock to remove the object from object_tree_root and
object_list.
This patch simplifies the delete_object_*() mechanism to both look up
and remove an object from the object_tree_root and object_list
atomically (guarded by kmemleak_lock). This allows safe concurrent
calls to delete_object_*() on the same pointer without additional
locking for synchronising the kmemleak_free_enabled flag.
A side effect is a slight improvement in the delete_object_*() performance
by avoiding acquiring kmemleak_lock twice and incrementing/decrementing
object->use_count.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The kmemleak scanning thread can run for minutes. Callbacks like
kmemleak_free() are allowed during this time, the race being taken care
of by the object->lock spinlock. Such lock also prevents a memory block
from being freed or unmapped while it is being scanned by blocking the
kmemleak_free() -> ... -> __delete_object() function until the lock is
released in scan_object().
When a kmemleak error occurs (e.g. it fails to allocate its metadata),
kmemleak_enabled is set and __delete_object() is no longer called on
freed objects. If kmemleak_scan is running at the same time,
kmemleak_free() no longer waits for the object scanning to complete,
allowing the corresponding memory block to be freed or unmapped (in the
case of vfree()). This leads to kmemleak_scan potentially triggering a
page fault.
This patch separates the kmemleak_free() enabling/disabling from the
overall kmemleak_enabled nob so that we can defer the disabling of the
object freeing tracking until the scanning thread completed. The
kmemleak_free_part() is deliberately ignored by this patch since this is
only called during boot before the scanning thread started.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Reported-by: Vignesh Radhakrishnan <vigneshr@codeaurora.org>
Tested-by: Vignesh Radhakrishnan <vigneshr@codeaurora.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
memcg->under_oom tracks whether the memcg is under OOM conditions and is
an atomic_t counter managed with mem_cgroup_[un]mark_under_oom(). While
atomic_t appears to be simple synchronization-wise, when used as a
synchronization construct like here, it's trickier and more error-prone
due to weak memory ordering rules, especially around atomic_read(), and
false sense of security.
For example, both non-trivial read sites of memcg->under_oom are a bit
problematic although not being actually broken.
* mem_cgroup_oom_register_event()
It isn't explicit what guarantees the memory ordering between event
addition and memcg->under_oom check. This isn't broken only because
memcg_oom_lock is used for both event list and memcg->oom_lock.
* memcg_oom_recover()
The lockless test doesn't have any explanation why this would be
safe.
mem_cgroup_[un]mark_under_oom() are very cold paths and there's no point
in avoiding locking memcg_oom_lock there. This patch converts
memcg->under_oom from atomic_t to int, puts their modifications under
memcg_oom_lock and documents why the lockless test in
memcg_oom_recover() is safe.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since commit 4942642080 ("mm: memcg: handle non-error OOM situations
more gracefully"), nobody uses mem_cgroup->oom_wakeups. Remove it.
While at it, also fold memcg_wakeup_oom() into memcg_oom_recover() which
is its only user. This cleanup was suggested by Michal.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change frontswap single pointer to a singly linked list of frontswap
implementations. Update Xen tmem implementation as register no longer
returns anything.
Frontswap only keeps track of a single implementation; any
implementation that registers second (or later) will replace the
previously registered implementation, and gets a pointer to the previous
implementation that the new implementation is expected to pass all
frontswap functions to if it can't handle the function itself. However
that method doesn't really make much sense, as passing that work on to
every implementation adds unnecessary work to implementations; instead,
frontswap should simply keep a list of all registered implementations
and try each implementation for any function. Most importantly, neither
of the two currently existing frontswap implementations in the kernel
actually do anything with any previous frontswap implementation that
they replace when registering.
This allows frontswap to successfully manage multiple implementations by
keeping a list of them all.
Signed-off-by: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Cc: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Try to allocate all boot time kernel data structures from mirrored
memory.
If we run out of mirrored memory print warnings, but fall back to using
non-mirrored memory to make sure that we still boot.
By number of bytes, most of what we allocate at boot time is the page
structures. 64 bytes per 4K page on x86_64 ... or about 1.5% of total
system memory. For workloads where the bulk of memory is allocated to
applications this may represent a useful improvement to system
availability since 1.5% of total memory might be a third of the memory
allocated to the kernel.
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com>
Cc: Xiexiuqi <xiexiuqi@huawei.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <nao.horiguchi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some high end Intel Xeon systems report uncorrectable memory errors as a
recoverable machine check. Linux has included code for some time to
process these and just signal the affected processes (or even recover
completely if the error was in a read only page that can be replaced by
reading from disk).
But we have no recovery path for errors encountered during kernel code
execution. Except for some very specific cases were are unlikely to ever
be able to recover.
Enter memory mirroring. Actually 3rd generation of memory mirroing.
Gen1: All memory is mirrored
Pro: No s/w enabling - h/w just gets good data from other side of the
mirror
Con: Halves effective memory capacity available to OS/applications
Gen2: Partial memory mirror - just mirror memory begind some memory controllers
Pro: Keep more of the capacity
Con: Nightmare to enable. Have to choose between allocating from
mirrored memory for safety vs. NUMA local memory for performance
Gen3: Address range partial memory mirror - some mirror on each memory
controller
Pro: Can tune the amount of mirror and keep NUMA performance
Con: I have to write memory management code to implement
The current plan is just to use mirrored memory for kernel allocations.
This has been broken into two phases:
1) This patch series - find the mirrored memory, use it for boot time
allocations
2) Wade into mm/page_alloc.c and define a ZONE_MIRROR to pick up the
unused mirrored memory from mm/memblock.c and only give it out to
select kernel allocations (this is still being scoped because
page_alloc.c is scary).
This patch (of 3):
Add extra "flags" to memblock to allow selection of memory based on
attribute. No functional changes
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com>
Cc: Xiexiuqi <xiexiuqi@huawei.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <nao.horiguchi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
page_cache_read, do_generic_file_read, __generic_file_splice_read and
__ntfs_grab_cache_pages currently ignore mapping_gfp_mask when calling
add_to_page_cache_lru which might cause recursion into fs down in the
direct reclaim path if the mapping really relies on GFP_NOFS semantic.
This doesn't seem to be the case now because page_cache_read (page fault
path) doesn't seem to suffer from the reclaim recursion issues and
do_generic_file_read and __generic_file_splice_read also shouldn't be
called under fs locks which would deadlock in the reclaim path. Anyway it
is better to obey mapping gfp mask and prevent from later breakage.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In oom_kill_process(), the variable 'points' is unsigned int. Print it as
such.
Signed-off-by: Wang Long <long.wanglong@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
alloc_huge_page and hugetlb_reserve_pages use region_chg to calculate the
number of pages which will be added to the reserve map. Subpool and
global reserve counts are adjusted based on the output of region_chg.
Before the pages are actually added to the reserve map, these routines
could race and add fewer pages than expected. If this happens, the
subpool and global reserve counts are not correct.
Compare the number of pages actually added (region_add) to those expected
to added (region_chg). If fewer pages are actually added, this indicates
a race and adjust counters accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Modify region_add() to keep track of regions(pages) added to the reserve
map and return this value. The return value can be compared to the return
value of region_chg() to determine if the map was modified between calls.
Make vma_commit_reservation() also pass along the return value of
region_add(). In the normal case, we want vma_commit_reservation to
return the same value as the preceding call to vma_needs_reservation.
Create a common __vma_reservation_common routine to help keep the special
case return values in sync
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While working on hugetlbfs fallocate support, I noticed the following race
in the existing code. It is unlikely that this race is hit very often in
the current code. However, if more functionality to add and remove pages
to hugetlbfs mappings (such as fallocate) is added the likelihood of
hitting this race will increase.
alloc_huge_page and hugetlb_reserve_pages use information from the reserve
map to determine if there are enough available huge pages to complete the
operation, as well as adjust global reserve and subpool usage counts. The
order of operations is as follows:
- call region_chg() to determine the expected change based on reserve map
- determine if enough resources are available for this operation
- adjust global counts based on the expected change
- call region_add() to update the reserve map
The issue is that reserve map could change between the call to region_chg
and region_add. In this case, the counters which were adjusted based on
the output of region_chg will not be correct.
In order to hit this race today, there must be an existing shared hugetlb
mmap created with the MAP_NORESERVE flag. A page fault to allocate a huge
page via this mapping must occur at the same another task is mapping the
same region without the MAP_NORESERVE flag.
The patch set does not prevent the race from happening. Rather, it adds
simple functionality to detect when the race has occurred. If a race is
detected, then the incorrect counts are adjusted.
Review comments pointed out the need for documentation of the existing
region/reserve map routines. This patch set also adds documentation in
this area.
This patch (of 3):
This is a documentation only patch and does not modify any code.
Descriptions of the routines used for reserve map/region tracking are
added.
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
kenter/kleave/kdebug are wrapper macros to print functions flow and debug
information. This set was written before pr_devel() was introduced, so it
was controlled by "#if 0" construction. It is questionable if anyone is
using them [1] now.
This patch removes these macros, converts numerous printk(KERN_WARNING,
...) to use general pr_warn(...) and removes debug print line from
validate_mmap_request() function.
Signed-off-by: Leon Romanovsky <leon@leon.nu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have confusing functions to clear pmd, pmd_clear_* and pmd_clear. Add
_huge_ to pmdp_clear functions so that we are clear that they operate on
hugepage pte.
We don't bother about other functions like pmdp_set_wrprotect,
pmdp_clear_flush_young, because they operate on PTE bits and hence
indicate they are operating on hugepage ptes
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Also move the pmd_trans_huge check to generic code.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Architectures like ppc64 [1] need to do special things while clearing pmd
before a collapse. For them this operation is largely different from a
normal hugepage pte clear. Hence add a separate function to clear pmd
before collapse. After this patch pmdp_* functions operate only on
hugepage pte, and not on regular pmd_t values pointing to page table.
[1] ppc64 needs to invalidate all the normal page pte mappings we already
have inserted in the hardware hash page table. But before doing that we
need to make sure there are no parallel hash page table insert going on.
So we need to do a kick_all_cpus_sync() before flushing the older hash
table entries. By moving this to a separate function we capture these
details and mention how it is different from a hugepage pte clear.
This patch is a cleanup and only does code movement for clarity. There
should not be any change in functionality.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
RAS user space tools like rasdaemon which base on trace event, could
receive mce error event, but no memory recovery result event. So, I want
to add this event to make this scenario complete.
This patch add a event at ras group for memory-failure.
The output like below:
# tracer: nop
#
# entries-in-buffer/entries-written: 2/2 #P:24
#
# _-----=> irqs-off
# / _----=> need-resched
# | / _---=> hardirq/softirq
# || / _--=> preempt-depth
# ||| / delay
# TASK-PID CPU# |||| TIMESTAMP FUNCTION
# | | | |||| | |
mce-inject-13150 [001] .... 277.019359: memory_failure_event: pfn 0x19869: recovery action for free buddy page: Delayed
[xiexiuqi@huawei.com: fix build error]
Signed-off-by: Xie XiuQi <xiexiuqi@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Chen Gong <gong.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jim Davis <jim.epost@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Xie XiuQi <xiexiuqi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change type of action_result's param 3 to enum for type consistency,
and rename mf_outcome to mf_result for clearly.
Signed-off-by: Xie XiuQi <xiexiuqi@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Chen Gong <gong.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jim Davis <jim.epost@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Export 'outcome' and 'action_page_type' to mm.h, so we could use
this emnus outside.
This patch is preparation for adding trace events for memory-failure
recovery action.
Signed-off-by: Xie XiuQi <xiexiuqi@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Chen Gong <gong.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jim Davis <jim.epost@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Historically memcg overhead was high even if memcg was unused. This has
improved a lot but it still showed up in a profile summary as being a
problem.
/usr/src/linux-4.0-vanilla/mm/memcontrol.c 6.6441 395842
mem_cgroup_try_charge 2.950% 175781
__mem_cgroup_count_vm_event 1.431% 85239
mem_cgroup_page_lruvec 0.456% 27156
mem_cgroup_commit_charge 0.392% 23342
uncharge_list 0.323% 19256
mem_cgroup_update_lru_size 0.278% 16538
memcg_check_events 0.216% 12858
mem_cgroup_charge_statistics.isra.22 0.188% 11172
try_charge 0.150% 8928
commit_charge 0.141% 8388
get_mem_cgroup_from_mm 0.121% 7184
That is showing that 6.64% of system CPU cycles were in memcontrol.c and
dominated by mem_cgroup_try_charge. The annotation shows that the bulk
of the cost was checking PageSwapCache which is expected to be cache hot
but is very expensive. The problem appears to be that __SetPageUptodate
is called just before the check which is a write barrier. It is
required to make sure struct page and page data is written before the
PTE is updated and the data visible to userspace. memcg charging does
not require or need the barrier but gets unfairly hit with the cost so
this patch attempts the charging before the barrier. Aside from the
accidental cost to memcg there is the added benefit that the barrier is
avoided if the page cannot be charged. When applied the relevant
profile summary is as follows.
/usr/src/linux-4.0-chargefirst-v2r1/mm/memcontrol.c 3.7907 223277
__mem_cgroup_count_vm_event 1.143% 67312
mem_cgroup_page_lruvec 0.465% 27403
mem_cgroup_commit_charge 0.381% 22452
uncharge_list 0.332% 19543
mem_cgroup_update_lru_size 0.284% 16704
get_mem_cgroup_from_mm 0.271% 15952
mem_cgroup_try_charge 0.237% 13982
memcg_check_events 0.222% 13058
mem_cgroup_charge_statistics.isra.22 0.185% 10920
commit_charge 0.140% 8235
try_charge 0.131% 7716
That brings the overhead down to 3.79% and leaves the memcg fault
accounting to the root cgroup but it's an improvement. The difference
in headline performance of the page fault microbench is marginal as
memcg is such a small component of it.
pft faults
4.0.0 4.0.0
vanilla chargefirst
Hmean faults/cpu-1 1443258.1051 ( 0.00%) 1509075.7561 ( 4.56%)
Hmean faults/cpu-3 1340385.9270 ( 0.00%) 1339160.7113 ( -0.09%)
Hmean faults/cpu-5 875599.0222 ( 0.00%) 874174.1255 ( -0.16%)
Hmean faults/cpu-7 601146.6726 ( 0.00%) 601370.9977 ( 0.04%)
Hmean faults/cpu-8 510728.2754 ( 0.00%) 510598.8214 ( -0.03%)
Hmean faults/sec-1 1432084.7845 ( 0.00%) 1497935.5274 ( 4.60%)
Hmean faults/sec-3 3943818.1437 ( 0.00%) 3941920.1520 ( -0.05%)
Hmean faults/sec-5 3877573.5867 ( 0.00%) 3869385.7553 ( -0.21%)
Hmean faults/sec-7 3991832.0418 ( 0.00%) 3992181.4189 ( 0.01%)
Hmean faults/sec-8 3987189.8167 ( 0.00%) 3986452.2204 ( -0.02%)
It's only visible at single threaded. The overhead is there for higher
threads but other factors dominate.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
hugetlb pages uses add_to_page_cache to track shared mappings. This is
OK from the data structure point of view but it is less so from the
NR_FILE_PAGES accounting:
- huge pages are accounted as 4k which is clearly wrong
- this counter is used as the amount of the reclaimable page
cache which is incorrect as well because hugetlb pages are
special and not reclaimable
- the counter is then exported to userspace via /proc/meminfo
(in Cached:), /proc/vmstat and /proc/zoneinfo as
nr_file_pages which is confusing at least:
Cached: 8883504 kB
HugePages_Free: 8348
...
Cached: 8916048 kB
HugePages_Free: 156
...
thats 8192 huge pages allocated which is ~16G accounted as 32M
There are usually not that many huge pages in the system for this to
make any visible difference e.g. by fooling __vm_enough_memory or
zone_pagecache_reclaimable.
Fix this by special casing huge pages in both __delete_from_page_cache
and __add_to_page_cache_locked. replace_page_cache_page is currently
only used by fuse and that shouldn't touch hugetlb pages AFAICS but it
is more robust to check for special casing there as well.
Hugetlb pages shouldn't get to any other paths where we do accounting:
- migration - we have a special handling via
hugetlbfs_migrate_page
- shmem - doesn't handle hugetlb pages directly even for
SHM_HUGETLB resp. MAP_HUGETLB
- swapcache - hugetlb is not swapable
This has a user visible effect but I believe it is reasonable because the
previously exported number is simply bogus.
An alternative would be to account hugetlb pages with their real size and
treat them similar to shmem. But this has some drawbacks.
First we would have to special case in kernel users of NR_FILE_PAGES and
considering how hugetlb is special we would have to do it everywhere. We
do not want Cached exported by /proc/meminfo to include it because the
value would be even more misleading.
__vm_enough_memory and zone_pagecache_reclaimable would have to do the
same thing because those pages are simply not reclaimable. The correction
is even not trivial because we would have to consider all active hugetlb
page sizes properly. Users of the counter outside of the kernel would
have to do the same.
So the question is why to account something that needs to be basically
excluded for each reasonable usage. This doesn't make much sense to me.
It seems that this has been broken since hugetlb was introduced but I
haven't checked the whole history.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comments]
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Tested-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The should_alloc_retry() function was meant to encapsulate retry
conditions of the allocator slowpath, but there are still checks
remaining in the main function, and much of how the retrying is
performed also depends on the OOM killer progress. The physical
separation of those conditions make the code hard to follow.
Inline the should_alloc_retry() checks. Notes:
- The __GFP_NOFAIL check is already done in __alloc_pages_may_oom(),
replace it with looping on OOM killer progress
- The pm_suspended_storage() check is meant to skip the OOM killer
when reclaim has no IO available, move to __alloc_pages_may_oom()
- The order <= PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY order is re-united with its original
counterpart of checking whether reclaim actually made any progress
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The zonelist locking and the oom_sem are two overlapping locks that are
used to serialize global OOM killing against different things.
The historical zonelist locking serializes OOM kills from allocations with
overlapping zonelists against each other to prevent killing more tasks
than necessary in the same memory domain. Only when neither tasklists nor
zonelists from two concurrent OOM kills overlap (tasks in separate memcgs
bound to separate nodes) are OOM kills allowed to execute in parallel.
The younger oom_sem is a read-write lock to serialize OOM killing against
the PM code trying to disable the OOM killer altogether.
However, the OOM killer is a fairly cold error path, there is really no
reason to optimize for highly performant and concurrent OOM kills. And
the oom_sem is just flat-out redundant.
Replace both locking schemes with a single global mutex serializing OOM
kills regardless of context.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Disabling the OOM killer needs to exclude allocators from entering, not
existing victims from exiting.
Right now the only waiter is suspend code, which achieves quiescence by
disabling the OOM killer. But later on we want to add waits that hold
the lock instead to stop new victims from showing up.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It turns out that the mechanism to wait for exiting OOM victims is less
generic than it looks: it won't issue wakeups unless the OOM killer is
disabled.
The reason this check was added was the thought that, since only the OOM
disabling code would wait on this queue, wakeup operations could be
saved when that specific consumer is known to be absent.
However, this is quite the handgrenade. Later attempts to reuse the
waitqueue for other purposes will lead to completely unexpected bugs and
the failure mode will appear seemingly illogical. Generally, providers
shouldn't make unnecessary assumptions about consumers.
This could have been replaced with waitqueue_active(), but it only saves
a few instructions in one of the coldest paths in the kernel. Simply
remove it.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
exit_oom_victim() already knows that TIF_MEMDIE is set, and nobody else
can clear it concurrently. Use clear_thread_flag() directly.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rename unmark_oom_victim() to exit_oom_victim(). Marking and unmarking
are related in functionality, but the interface is not symmetrical at
all: one is an internal OOM killer function used during the killing, the
other is for an OOM victim to signal its own death on exit later on.
This has locking implications, see follow-up changes.
While at it, rename mark_tsk_oom_victim() to mark_oom_victim(), which
is easier on the eye.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Setting oom_killer_disabled to false is atomic, there is no need for
further synchronization with ongoing allocations trying to OOM-kill.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently the initial value of order in dissolve_free_huge_page is 64 or
32, which leads to the following warning in static checker:
mm/hugetlb.c:1203 dissolve_free_huge_pages()
warn: potential right shift more than type allows '9,18,64'
This is a potential risk of infinite loop, because 1 << order (== 0) is used
in for-loop like this:
for (pfn =3D start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn +=3D 1 << order)
...
So this patch fixes it by using global minimum_order calculated at boot time.
text data bss dec hex filename
28313 469 84236 113018 1b97a mm/hugetlb.o
28256 473 84236 112965 1b945 mm/hugetlb.o (patched)
Fixes: c8721bbbdd ("mm: memory-hotplug: enable memory hotplug to handle hugepage")
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As noted by Paul the compiler is free to store a temporary result in a
variable on stack, heap or global unless it is explicitly marked as
volatile, see:
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2015/n4455.html#sample-optimizations
This can result in a race between do_wp_page() and shrink_active_list()
as follows.
In do_wp_page() we can call page_move_anon_rmap(), which sets
page->mapping as follows:
anon_vma = (void *) anon_vma + PAGE_MAPPING_ANON;
page->mapping = (struct address_space *) anon_vma;
The page in question may be on an LRU list, because nowhere in
do_wp_page() we remove it from the list, neither do we take any LRU
related locks. Although the page is locked, shrink_active_list() can
still call page_referenced() on it concurrently, because the latter does
not require an anonymous page to be locked:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
do_wp_page shrink_active_list
lock_page page_referenced
PageAnon->yes, so skip trylock_page
page_move_anon_rmap
page->mapping = anon_vma
rmap_walk
PageAnon->no
rmap_walk_file
BUG
page->mapping += PAGE_MAPPING_ANON
This patch fixes this race by explicitly forbidding the compiler to split
page->mapping store in page_move_anon_rmap() with the aid of WRITE_ONCE.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment, per Minchan]
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
memory_failure() is supposed not to handle thp itself, but to split it.
But if something were wrong and page_action() were called on thp,
me_huge_page() (action routine for hugepages) should be better to take
no action, rather than to take wrong action prepared for hugetlb (which
triggers BUG_ON().)
This change is for potential problems, but makes sense to me because thp
is an actively developing feature and this code path can be open in the
future.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Stress testing showed that soft offline events for a process iterating
"mmap-pagefault-munmap" loop can trigger
VM_BUG_ON(PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP) in __free_one_page():
Soft offlining page 0x70fe1 at 0x70100008d000
Soft offlining page 0x705fb at 0x70300008d000
page:ffffea0001c3f840 count:0 mapcount:0 mapping: (null) index:0x2
flags: 0x1fffff80800000(hwpoison)
page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page->flags & ((1 << 25) - 1))
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at /src/linux-dev/mm/page_alloc.c:585!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
Modules linked in: cfg80211 rfkill crc32c_intel microcode ppdev parport_pc pcspkr serio_raw virtio_balloon parport i2c_piix4 virtio_blk virtio_net ata_generic pata_acpi floppy
CPU: 3 PID: 1779 Comm: test_base_madv_ Not tainted 4.0.0-v4.0-150511-1451-00009-g82360a3730e6 #139
RIP: free_pcppages_bulk+0x52a/0x6f0
Call Trace:
drain_pages_zone+0x3d/0x50
drain_local_pages+0x1d/0x30
on_each_cpu_mask+0x46/0x80
drain_all_pages+0x14b/0x1e0
soft_offline_page+0x432/0x6e0
SyS_madvise+0x73c/0x780
system_call_fastpath+0x12/0x17
Code: ff 89 45 b4 48 8b 45 c0 48 83 b8 a8 00 00 00 00 0f 85 e3 fb ff ff 0f 1f 00 0f 0b 48 8b 7d 90 48 c7 c6 e8 95 a6 81 e8 e6 32 02 00 <0f> 0b 8b 45 cc 49 89 47 30 41 8b 47 18 83 f8 ff 0f 85 10 ff ff
RIP [<ffffffff811a806a>] free_pcppages_bulk+0x52a/0x6f0
RSP <ffff88007a117d28>
---[ end trace 53926436e76d1f35 ]---
When soft offline successfully migrates page, the source page is supposed
to be freed. But there is a race condition where a source page looks
isolated (i.e. the refcount is 0 and the PageHWPoison is set) but
somewhat linked to pcplist. Then another soft offline event calls
drain_all_pages() and tries to free such hwpoisoned page, which is
forbidden.
This odd page state seems to happen due to the race between put_page() in
putback_lru_page() and __pagevec_lru_add_fn(). But I don't want to play
with tweaking drain code as done in commit 9ab3b598d2 "mm: hwpoison:
drop lru_add_drain_all() in __soft_offline_page()", or to change page
freeing code for this soft offline's purpose.
Instead, let's think about the difference between hard offline and soft
offline. There is an interesting difference in how to isolate the in-use
page between these, that is, hard offline marks PageHWPoison of the target
page at first, and doesn't free it by keeping its refcount 1. OTOH, soft
offline tries to free the target page then marks PageHWPoison. This
difference might be the source of complexity and result in bugs like the
above. So making soft offline isolate with keeping refcount can be a
solution for this problem.
We can pass to page migration code the "reason" which shows the caller, so
let's use this more to avoid calling putback_lru_page() when called from
soft offline, which effectively does the isolation for soft offline. With
this change, target pages of soft offline never be reused without changing
migratetype, so this patch also removes the related code.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
memory_failure() can run in 2 different mode (specified by
MF_COUNT_INCREASED) in page refcount perspective. When
MF_COUNT_INCREASED is set, memory_failure() assumes that the caller
takes a refcount of the target page. And if cleared, memory_failure()
takes it in it's own.
In current code, however, refcounting is done differently in each caller.
For example, madvise_hwpoison() uses get_user_pages_fast() and
hwpoison_inject() uses get_page_unless_zero(). So this inconsistent
refcounting causes refcount failure especially for thp tail pages.
Typical user visible effects are like memory leak or
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!page_count(page)) in isolate_lru_page().
To fix this refcounting issue, this patch introduces get_hwpoison_page()
to handle thp tail pages in the same manner for each caller of hwpoison
code.
memory_failure() might fail to split thp and in such case it returns
without completing page isolation. This is not good because PageHWPoison
on the thp is still set and there's no easy way to unpoison such thps. So
this patch try to roll back any action to the thp in "non anonymous thp"
case and "thp split failed" case, expecting an MCE(SRAR) generated by
later access afterward will properly free such thps.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_HWPOISON_INJECT=m]
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
memory_failure() doesn't handle thp itself at this time and need to split
it before doing isolation. Currently thp is split in the middle of
hwpoison_user_mappings(), but there're corner cases where memory_failure()
wrongly tries to handle thp without splitting.
1) "non anonymous" thp, which is not a normal operating mode of thp,
but a memory error could hit a thp before anon_vma is initialized. In
such case, split_huge_page() fails and me_huge_page() (intended for
hugetlb) is called for thp, which triggers BUG_ON in page_hstate().
2) !PageLRU case, where hwpoison_user_mappings() returns with
SWAP_SUCCESS and the result is the same as case 1.
memory_failure() can't avoid splitting, so let's split it more earlier,
which also reduces code which are prepared for both of normal page and
thp.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The name SWAP implies that we are dealing with anonymous pages only. In
fact, the original patch that introduced the min_unmapped_ratio logic
was to fix an issue related to file pages. Rename it to RECLAIM_UNMAP
to match what does.
Historically, commit a6dc60f897 ("vmscan: rename sc.may_swap to
may_unmap") renamed .may_swap to .may_unmap, leaving RECLAIM_SWAP
behind. commit 2e2e425989 ("vmscan,memcg: reintroduce sc->may_swap")
reintroduced .may_swap for memory controller.
Signed-off-by: Zhihui Zhang <zzhsuny@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Based upon 675becce15 ("mm: vmscan: do not throttle based on pfmemalloc
reserves if node has no ZONE_NORMAL") from Mel.
We have a system with the following topology:
# numactl -H
available: 3 nodes (0,2-3)
node 0 cpus: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
node 0 size: 28273 MB
node 0 free: 27323 MB
node 2 cpus:
node 2 size: 16384 MB
node 2 free: 0 MB
node 3 cpus: 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47
node 3 size: 30533 MB
node 3 free: 13273 MB
node distances:
node 0 2 3
0: 10 20 20
2: 20 10 20
3: 20 20 10
Node 2 has no free memory, because:
# cat /sys/devices/system/node/node2/hugepages/hugepages-16777216kB/nr_hugepages
1
This leads to the following zoneinfo:
Node 2, zone DMA
pages free 0
min 1840
low 2300
high 2760
scanned 0
spanned 262144
present 262144
managed 262144
...
all_unreclaimable: 1
If one then attempts to allocate some normal 16M hugepages via
echo 37 > /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages
The echo never returns and kswapd2 consumes CPU cycles.
This is because throttle_direct_reclaim ends up calling
wait_event(pfmemalloc_wait, pfmemalloc_watermark_ok...).
pfmemalloc_watermark_ok() in turn checks all zones on the node if there
are any reserves, and if so, then indicates the watermarks are ok, by
seeing if there are sufficient free pages.
675becce15 added a condition already for memoryless nodes. In this case,
though, the node has memory, it is just all consumed (and not
reclaimable). Effectively, though, the result is the same on this call to
pfmemalloc_watermark_ok() and thus seems like a reasonable additional
condition.
With this change, the afore-mentioned 16M hugepage allocation attempt
succeeds and correctly round-robins between Nodes 1 and 3.
Signed-off-by: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Streetman <ddstreet@ieee.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It's been five years now that KM_* kmap flags have been removed and that
we can call clear_highpage from any context. So we remove prep_zero_pages
accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Anisse Astier <anisse@astier.eu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
My commit 8d63d99a5d ("mm: avoid tail page refcounting on non-THP
compound pages") which was merged during 4.1 merge window caused
regression:
page:ffffea0010a15040 count:0 mapcount:1 mapping: (null) index:0x0
flags: 0x8000000000008014(referenced|dirty|tail)
page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_mapcount(page) != 0)
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at mm/swap.c:134!
The problem can be reproduced by playing *two* audio files at the same
time and then stopping one of players. I used two mplayers to trigger
this.
The VM_BUG_ON_PAGE() which triggers the bug is bogus:
Sound subsystem uses compound pages for its buffers, but unlike most
__GFP_COMP sound maps compound pages to userspace with PTEs.
In our case with two players map the buffer twice and therefore elevates
page_mapcount() on tail pages by two. When one of players exits it
unmaps the VMA and drops page_mapcount() to one and try to release
reference on the page with put_page().
My commit changes which path it takes under put_compound_page(). It hits
put_unrefcounted_compound_page() where VM_BUG_ON_PAGE() is. It sees
page_mapcount() == 1. The function wrongly assumes that subpages of
compound page cannot be be mapped by itself with PTEs..
The solution is simply drop the VM_BUG_ON_PAGE().
Note: there's no need to move the check under put_page_testzero().
Allocator will check the mapcount by itself before putting on free list.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For !CONFIG_NUMA, hashdist will always be 0, since it's setter is
otherwise compiled out. So we can save 4 bytes of data and some .text
(although mostly in __init functions) by only defining it for
CONFIG_NUMA.
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some architectures would like to be triggered when a memory area is moved
through the mremap system call.
This patch introduces a new arch_remap() mm hook which is placed in the
path of mremap, and is called before the old area is unmapped (and the
arch_unmap() hook is called).
Signed-off-by: Laurent Dufour <ldufour@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently we have many duplicates in definitions of huge_pmd_unshare. In
all architectures this function just returns 0 when
CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_HUGE_PMD_SHARE is N.
This patch puts the default implementation in mm/hugetlb.c and lets these
architectures use the common code.
Signed-off-by: Zhang Zhen <zhenzhang.zhang@huawei.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@ezchip.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: James Yang <James.Yang@freescale.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On mlock(2) we trigger COW on private writable VMA to avoid faults in
future.
mm/gup.c:
840 long populate_vma_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
841 unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int *nonblocking)
842 {
...
855 * We want to touch writable mappings with a write fault in order
856 * to break COW, except for shared mappings because these don't COW
857 * and we would not want to dirty them for nothing.
858 */
859 if ((vma->vm_flags & (VM_WRITE | VM_SHARED)) == VM_WRITE)
860 gup_flags |= FOLL_WRITE;
But we miss this case when we make VM_LOCKED VMA writeable via
mprotect(2). The test case:
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#define PAGE_SIZE 4096
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
struct rusage usage;
long before;
char *p;
int fd;
/* Create a file and populate first page of page cache */
fd = open("/tmp", O_TMPFILE | O_RDWR, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
write(fd, "1", 1);
/* Create a *read-only* *private* mapping of the file */
p = mmap(NULL, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
/*
* Since the mapping is read-only, mlock() will populate the mapping
* with PTEs pointing to page cache without triggering COW.
*/
mlock(p, PAGE_SIZE);
/*
* Mapping became read-write, but it's still populated with PTEs
* pointing to page cache.
*/
mprotect(p, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &usage);
before = usage.ru_minflt;
/* Trigger COW: fault in mlock()ed VMA. */
*p = 1;
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &usage);
printf("faults: %ld\n", usage.ru_minflt - before);
return 0;
}
$ ./test
faults: 1
Let's fix it by triggering populating of VMA in mprotect_fixup() on this
condition. We don't care about population error as we don't in other
similar cases i.e. mremap.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment text]
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
khugepaged_do_scan() checks in every iteration whether freezing(current)
is true, and in such case breaks out of the loop, which causes
try_to_freeze() to be called immediately afterwards in
khugepaged_wait_work().
If nothing else, this causes unnecessary freezing(current) test, and also
makes the way khugepaged enters freezer a bit less obvious than necessary.
Let's just try to freeze directly, instead of splitting it into two
(directly adjacent) phases.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All the items mentioned here have been either addressed, or were not
really needed. So just remove the comment.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Here's another comment fix for hwpoison.
It describes the "guiding principle" on when to add new
memory error recovery code.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch moves the initialization of the size_index table slightly
earlier so that the first few kmem_cache_node's can be safely allocated
when KMALLOC_MIN_SIZE is large.
There are currently two ways to generate indices into kmalloc_caches (via
kmalloc_index() and via the size_index table in slab_common.c) and on some
arches (possibly only MIPS) they potentially disagree with each other
until create_kmalloc_caches() has been called. It seems that the
intention is that the size_index table is a fast equivalent to
kmalloc_index() and that create_kmalloc_caches() patches the table to
return the correct value for the cases where kmalloc_index()'s
if-statements apply.
The failing sequence was:
* kmalloc_caches contains NULL elements
* kmem_cache_init initialises the element that 'struct
kmem_cache_node' will be allocated to. For 32-bit Mips, this is a
56-byte struct and kmalloc_index returns KMALLOC_SHIFT_LOW (7).
* init_list is called which calls kmalloc_node to allocate a 'struct
kmem_cache_node'.
* kmalloc_slab selects the kmem_caches element using
size_index[size_index_elem(size)]. For MIPS, size is 56, and the
expression returns 6.
* This element of kmalloc_caches is NULL and allocation fails.
* If it had not already failed, it would have called
create_kmalloc_caches() at this point which would have changed
size_index[size_index_elem(size)] to 7.
I don't believe the bug to be LLVM specific but GCC doesn't normally
encounter the problem. I haven't been able to identify exactly what GCC
is doing better (probably inlining) but it seems that GCC is managing to
optimize to the point that it eliminates the problematic allocations.
This theory is supported by the fact that GCC can be made to fail in the
same way by changing inline, __inline, __inline__, and __always_inline in
include/linux/compiler-gcc.h such that they don't actually inline things.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Sanders <daniel.sanders@imgtec.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The slub_debug=PU,kmalloc-xx cannot work because in the
create_kmalloc_caches() the s->name is created after the
create_kmalloc_cache() is called. The name is NULL in the
create_kmalloc_cache() so the kmem_cache_flags() would not set the
slub_debug flags to the s->flags. The fix here set up a kmalloc_names
string array for the initialization purpose and delete the dynamic name
creation of kmalloc_caches.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/kmalloc_names/kmalloc_info/, tweak comment text]
Signed-off-by: Gavin Guo <gavin.guo@canonical.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull networking updates from David Miller:
1) Add TX fast path in mac80211, from Johannes Berg.
2) Add TSO/GRO support to ibmveth, from Thomas Falcon
3) Move away from cached routes in ipv6, just like ipv4, from Martin
KaFai Lau.
4) Lots of new rhashtable tests, from Thomas Graf.
5) Run ingress qdisc lockless, from Alexei Starovoitov.
6) Allow servers to fetch TCP packet headers for SYN packets of new
connections, for fingerprinting. From Eric Dumazet.
7) Add mode parameter to pktgen, for testing receive. From Alexei
Starovoitov.
8) Cache access optimizations via simplifications of build_skb(), from
Alexander Duyck.
9) Move page frag allocator under mm/, also from Alexander.
10) Add xmit_more support to hv_netvsc, from KY Srinivasan.
11) Add a counter guard in case we try to perform endless reclassify
loops in the packet scheduler.
12) Extern flow dissector to be programmable and use it in new "Flower"
classifier. From Jiri Pirko.
13) AF_PACKET fanout rollover fixes, performance improvements, and new
statistics. From Willem de Bruijn.
14) Add netdev driver for GENEVE tunnels, from John W Linville.
15) Add ingress netfilter hooks and filtering, from Pablo Neira Ayuso.
16) Fix handling of epoll edge triggers in TCP, from Eric Dumazet.
17) Add an ECN retry fallback for the initial TCP handshake, from Daniel
Borkmann.
18) Add tail call support to BPF, from Alexei Starovoitov.
19) Add several pktgen helper scripts, from Jesper Dangaard Brouer.
20) Add zerocopy support to AF_UNIX, from Hannes Frederic Sowa.
21) Favor even port numbers for allocation to connect() requests, and
odd port numbers for bind(0), in an effort to help avoid
ip_local_port_range exhaustion. From Eric Dumazet.
22) Add Cavium ThunderX driver, from Sunil Goutham.
23) Allow bpf programs to access skb_iif and dev->ifindex SKB metadata,
from Alexei Starovoitov.
24) Add support for T6 chips in cxgb4vf driver, from Hariprasad Shenai.
25) Double TCP Small Queues default to 256K to accomodate situations
like the XEN driver and wireless aggregation. From Wei Liu.
26) Add more entropy inputs to flow dissector, from Tom Herbert.
27) Add CDG congestion control algorithm to TCP, from Kenneth Klette
Jonassen.
28) Convert ipset over to RCU locking, from Jozsef Kadlecsik.
29) Track and act upon link status of ipv4 route nexthops, from Andy
Gospodarek.
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next: (1670 commits)
bridge: vlan: flush the dynamically learned entries on port vlan delete
bridge: multicast: add a comment to br_port_state_selection about blocking state
net: inet_diag: export IPV6_V6ONLY sockopt
stmmac: troubleshoot unexpected bits in des0 & des1
net: ipv4 sysctl option to ignore routes when nexthop link is down
net: track link-status of ipv4 nexthops
net: switchdev: ignore unsupported bridge flags
net: Cavium: Fix MAC address setting in shutdown state
drivers: net: xgene: fix for ACPI support without ACPI
ip: report the original address of ICMP messages
net/mlx5e: Prefetch skb data on RX
net/mlx5e: Pop cq outside mlx5e_get_cqe
net/mlx5e: Remove mlx5e_cq.sqrq back-pointer
net/mlx5e: Remove extra spaces
net/mlx5e: Avoid TX CQE generation if more xmit packets expected
net/mlx5e: Avoid redundant dev_kfree_skb() upon NOP completion
net/mlx5e: Remove re-assignment of wq type in mlx5e_enable_rq()
net/mlx5e: Use skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_segs rather than counting them
net/mlx5e: Static mapping of netdev priv resources to/from netdev TX queues
net/mlx4_en: Use HW counters for rx/tx bytes/packets in PF device
...
file_remove_suid() is a misnomer since it removes also file capabilities
stored in xattrs and sets S_NOSEC flag. Also should_remove_suid() tells
something else than whether file_remove_suid() call is necessary which
leads to bugs.
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Pull scheduler updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main changes are:
- lockless wakeup support for futexes and IPC message queues
(Davidlohr Bueso, Peter Zijlstra)
- Replace spinlocks with atomics in thread_group_cputimer(), to
improve scalability (Jason Low)
- NUMA balancing improvements (Rik van Riel)
- SCHED_DEADLINE improvements (Wanpeng Li)
- clean up and reorganize preemption helpers (Frederic Weisbecker)
- decouple page fault disabling machinery from the preemption
counter, to improve debuggability and robustness (David
Hildenbrand)
- SCHED_DEADLINE documentation updates (Luca Abeni)
- topology CPU masks cleanups (Bartosz Golaszewski)
- /proc/sched_debug improvements (Srikar Dronamraju)"
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (79 commits)
sched/deadline: Remove needless parameter in dl_runtime_exceeded()
sched: Remove superfluous resetting of the p->dl_throttled flag
sched/deadline: Drop duplicate init_sched_dl_class() declaration
sched/deadline: Reduce rq lock contention by eliminating locking of non-feasible target
sched/deadline: Make init_sched_dl_class() __init
sched/deadline: Optimize pull_dl_task()
sched/preempt: Add static_key() to preempt_notifiers
sched/preempt: Fix preempt notifiers documentation about hlist_del() within unsafe iteration
sched/stop_machine: Fix deadlock between multiple stop_two_cpus()
sched/debug: Add sum_sleep_runtime to /proc/<pid>/sched
sched/debug: Replace vruntime with wait_sum in /proc/sched_debug
sched/debug: Properly format runnable tasks in /proc/sched_debug
sched/numa: Only consider less busy nodes as numa balancing destinations
Revert 095bebf61a ("sched/numa: Do not move past the balance point if unbalanced")
sched/fair: Prevent throttling in early pick_next_task_fair()
preempt: Reorganize the notrace definitions a bit
preempt: Use preempt_schedule_context() as the official tracing preemption point
sched: Make preempt_schedule_context() function-tracing safe
x86: Remove cpu_sibling_mask() and cpu_core_mask()
x86: Replace cpu_**_mask() with topology_**_cpumask()
...
Pull vfs updates from Al Viro:
"In this pile: pathname resolution rewrite.
- recursion in link_path_walk() is gone.
- nesting limits on symlinks are gone (the only limit remaining is
that the total amount of symlinks is no more than 40, no matter how
nested).
- "fast" (inline) symlinks are handled without leaving rcuwalk mode.
- stack footprint (independent of the nesting) is below kilobyte now,
about on par with what it used to be with one level of nested
symlinks and ~2.8 times lower than it used to be in the worst case.
- struct nameidata is entirely private to fs/namei.c now (not even
opaque pointers are being passed around).
- ->follow_link() and ->put_link() calling conventions had been
changed; all in-tree filesystems converted, out-of-tree should be
able to follow reasonably easily.
For out-of-tree conversions, see Documentation/filesystems/porting
for details (and in-tree filesystems for examples of conversion).
That has sat in -next since mid-May, seems to survive all testing
without regressions and merges clean with v4.1"
* 'for-linus-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (131 commits)
turn user_{path_at,path,lpath,path_dir}() into static inlines
namei: move saved_nd pointer into struct nameidata
inline user_path_create()
inline user_path_parent()
namei: trim do_last() arguments
namei: stash dfd and name into nameidata
namei: fold path_cleanup() into terminate_walk()
namei: saner calling conventions for filename_parentat()
namei: saner calling conventions for filename_create()
namei: shift nameidata down into filename_parentat()
namei: make filename_lookup() reject ERR_PTR() passed as name
namei: shift nameidata inside filename_lookup()
namei: move putname() call into filename_lookup()
namei: pass the struct path to store the result down into path_lookupat()
namei: uninline set_root{,_rcu}()
namei: be careful with mountpoint crossings in follow_dotdot_rcu()
Documentation: remove outdated information from automount-support.txt
get rid of assorted nameidata-related debris
lustre: kill unused helper
lustre: kill unused macro (LOOKUP_CONTINUE)
...
It appears that, at some point last year, XFS made directory handling
changes which bring it into lockdep conflict with shmem_zero_setup():
it is surprising that mmap() can clone an inode while holding mmap_sem,
but that has been so for many years.
Since those few lockdep traces that I've seen all implicated selinux,
I'm hoping that we can use the __shmem_file_setup(,,,S_PRIVATE) which
v3.13's commit c727709092 ("security: shmem: implement kernel private
shmem inodes") introduced to avoid LSM checks on kernel-internal inodes:
the mmap("/dev/zero") cloned inode is indeed a kernel-internal detail.
This also covers the !CONFIG_SHMEM use of ramfs to support /dev/zero
(and MAP_SHARED|MAP_ANONYMOUS). I thought there were also drivers
which cloned inode in mmap(), but if so, I cannot locate them now.
Reported-and-tested-by: Prarit Bhargava <prarit@redhat.com>
Reported-and-tested-by: Daniel Wagner <wagi@monom.org>
Reported-and-tested-by: Morten Stevens <mstevens@fedoraproject.org>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This was using module_init, but there is no way this code can
be modular. In the non-modular case, a module_init becomes a
device_initcall, but this really isn't a device. So we should
choose a more appropriate initcall bucket to put it in.
In order of execution, our close choices are:
fs_initcall(fn)
rootfs_initcall(fn)
device_initcall(fn)
late_initcall(fn)
..and since the initcall here goes after debugfs, we really
should be post-rootfs, which means late_initcall makes the
most sense here.
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Compiling some arm/m68k configs with "# CONFIG_MMU is not set" reveals
two more instances of module_init being used for code that can't
possibly be modular, as CONFIG_MMU is either on or off.
We replace them with subsys_initcall as per what was done in other
mmu-enabled code.
Note that direct use of __initcall is discouraged, vs. one of the
priority categorized subgroups. As __initcall gets mapped onto
device_initcall, our use of subsys_initcall (which makes sense for these
files) will thus change this registration from level 6-device to level
4-subsys (i.e. slightly earlier).
One might think that core_initcall (l2) or postcore_initcall (l3) would
be more appropriate for anything in mm/ but if we look at the actual init
functions themselves, we see they are just sysctl setup stuff, and
hence the choice of subsys_initcall (l4) seems reasonable. At the same
time it minimizes the risk of changing the priority too drastically all
at once. We can adjust further in the future.
Also, a couple instances of missing ";" at EOL are fixed.
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
If zs_create_pool()->create_handle_cache()->kmem_cache_create() or
pool->name allocation fails, zs_create_pool()->destroy_handle_cache()
will dereference the NULL pool->handle_cachep.
Modify destroy_handle_cache() to avoid this.
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On -rt, the VM_BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled()) triggers inside the memcg
swapout path because the spin_lock_irq(&mapping->tree_lock) in the
caller doesn't actually disable the hardware interrupts - which is fine,
because on -rt the tophalves run in process context and so we are still
safe from preemption while updating the statistics.
Remove the VM_BUG_ON() but keep the comment of what we rely on.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
Cc: Fernando Lopez-Lezcano <nando@ccrma.Stanford.EDU>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When trimming memcg consumption excess (see memory.high), we call
try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages without checking if we are allowed to sleep
in the current context, which can result in a deadlock. Fix this.
Fixes: 241994ed86 ("mm: memcontrol: default hierarchy interface for memory")
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Izumi found the following oops when hot re-adding a node:
BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffffc90008963690
IP: __wake_up_bit+0x20/0x70
Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
CPU: 68 PID: 1237 Comm: rs:main Q:Reg Not tainted 4.1.0-rc5 #80
Hardware name: FUJITSU PRIMEQUEST2800E/SB, BIOS PRIMEQUEST 2000 Series BIOS Version 1.87 04/28/2015
task: ffff880838df8000 ti: ffff880017b94000 task.ti: ffff880017b94000
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff810dff80>] [<ffffffff810dff80>] __wake_up_bit+0x20/0x70
RSP: 0018:ffff880017b97be8 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: ffffc90008963690 RBX: 00000000003c0000 RCX: 000000000000a4c9
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffea101bffd500 RDI: ffffc90008963648
RBP: ffff880017b97c08 R08: 0000000002000020 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff8a0797c73800
R13: ffffea101bffd500 R14: 0000000000000001 R15: 00000000003c0000
FS: 00007fcc7ffff700(0000) GS:ffff880874800000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: ffffc90008963690 CR3: 0000000836761000 CR4: 00000000001407e0
Call Trace:
unlock_page+0x6d/0x70
generic_write_end+0x53/0xb0
xfs_vm_write_end+0x29/0x80 [xfs]
generic_perform_write+0x10a/0x1e0
xfs_file_buffered_aio_write+0x14d/0x3e0 [xfs]
xfs_file_write_iter+0x79/0x120 [xfs]
__vfs_write+0xd4/0x110
vfs_write+0xac/0x1c0
SyS_write+0x58/0xd0
system_call_fastpath+0x12/0x76
Code: 5d c3 66 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 55 48 89 e5 48 83 ec 20 65 48 8b 04 25 28 00 00 00 48 89 45 f8 31 c0 48 8d 47 48 <48> 39 47 48 48 c7 45 e8 00 00 00 00 48 c7 45 f0 00 00 00 00 48
RIP [<ffffffff810dff80>] __wake_up_bit+0x20/0x70
RSP <ffff880017b97be8>
CR2: ffffc90008963690
Reproduce method (re-add a node)::
Hot-add nodeA --> remove nodeA --> hot-add nodeA (panic)
This seems an use-after-free problem, and the root cause is
zone->wait_table was not set to *NULL* after free it in
try_offline_node.
When hot re-add a node, we will reuse the pgdat of it, so does the zone
struct, and when add pages to the target zone, it will init the zone
first (including the wait_table) if the zone is not initialized. The
judgement of zone initialized is based on zone->wait_table:
static inline bool zone_is_initialized(struct zone *zone)
{
return !!zone->wait_table;
}
so if we do not set the zone->wait_table to *NULL* after free it, the
memory hotplug routine will skip the init of new zone when hot re-add
the node, and the wait_table still points to the freed memory, then we
will access the invalid address when trying to wake up the waiting
people after the i/o operation with the page is done, such as mentioned
above.
Signed-off-by: Gu Zheng <guz.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reported-by: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On wb_congested_get_create() failure, cgwb_create() forgot to set @ret
to -ENOMEM ending up returning 0. Fix it so that it returns -ENOMEM.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
The mechanism for detecting whether an inode should switch its wb
(bdi_writeback) association is now in place. This patch build the
framework for the actual switching.
This patch adds a new inode flag I_WB_SWITCHING, which has two
functions. First, the easy one, it ensures that there's only one
switching in progress for a give inode. Second, it's used as a
mechanism to synchronize wb stat updates.
The two stats, WB_RECLAIMABLE and WB_WRITEBACK, aren't event counters
but track the current number of dirty pages and pages under writeback
respectively. As such, when an inode is moved from one wb to another,
the inode's portion of those stats have to be transferred together;
unfortunately, this is a bit tricky as those stat updates are percpu
operations which are performed without holding any lock in some
places.
This patch solves the problem in a similar way as memcg. Each such
lockless stat updates are wrapped in transaction surrounded by
unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin/end(). During normal operation, they map
to rcu_read_lock/unlock(); however, if I_WB_SWITCHING is asserted,
mapping->tree_lock is grabbed across the transaction.
In turn, the switching path sets I_WB_SWITCHING and waits for a RCU
grace period to pass before actually starting to switch, which
guarantees that all stat update paths are synchronizing against
mapping->tree_lock.
This patch still doesn't implement the actual switching.
v3: Updated on top of the recent cancel_dirty_page() updates.
unlocked_inode_to_wb_begin() now nests inside
mem_cgroup_begin_page_stat() to match the locking order.
v2: The i_wb access transaction will be used for !stat accesses too.
Function names and comments updated accordingly.
s/inode_wb_stat_unlocked_{begin|end}/unlocked_inode_to_wb_{begin|end}/
s/switch_wb/switch_wbs/
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Currently, for cgroup writeback, the IO submission paths directly
associate the bio's with the blkcg from inode_to_wb_blkcg_css();
however, it'd be necessary to keep more writeback context to implement
foreign inode writeback detection. wbc (writeback_control) is the
natural fit for the extra context - it persists throughout the
writeback of each inode and is passed all the way down to IO
submission paths.
This patch adds wbc_attach_and_unlock_inode(), wbc_detach_inode(), and
wbc_attach_fdatawrite_inode() which are used to associate wbc with the
inode being written back. IO submission paths now use wbc_init_bio()
instead of directly associating bio's with blkcg themselves. This
leaves inode_to_wb_blkcg_css() w/o any user. The function is removed.
wbc currently only tracks the associated wb (bdi_writeback). Future
patches will add more for foreign inode detection. The association is
established under i_lock which will be depended upon when migrating
foreign inodes to other wb's.
As currently, once established, inode to wb association never changes,
going through wbc when initializing bio's doesn't cause any behavior
changes.
v2: submit_blk_blkcg() now checks whether the wbc is associated with a
wb before dereferencing it. This can happen when pageout() is
writing pages directly without going through the usual writeback
path. As pageout() path is single-threaded, we don't want it to
be blocked behind a slow cgroup and ultimately want it to delegate
actual writing to the usual writeback path.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Currently, majority of cgroup writeback support including all the
above functions are implemented in include/linux/backing-dev.h and
mm/backing-dev.c; however, the portion closely related to writeback
logic implemented in include/linux/writeback.h and mm/page-writeback.c
will expand to support foreign writeback detection and correction.
This patch moves wb[_try]_get() and wb_put() to
include/linux/backing-dev-defs.h so that they can be used from
writeback.h and inode_{attach|detach}_wb() to writeback.h and
page-writeback.c.
This is pure reorganization and doesn't introduce any functional
changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Because writeback wasn't cgroup aware before, the usual dirty
throttling mechanism in balance_dirty_pages() didn't work for
processes under memcg limit. The writeback path didn't know how much
memory is available or how fast the dirty pages are being written out
for a given memcg and balance_dirty_pages() didn't have any measure of
IO back pressure for the memcg.
To work around the issue, memcg implemented an ad-hoc dirty throttling
mechanism in the direct reclaim path by stalling on pages under
writeback which are encountered during direct reclaim scan. This is
rather ugly and crude - none of the configurability, fairness, or
bandwidth-proportional distribution of the normal path.
The previous patches implemented proper memcg aware dirty throttling
when cgroup writeback is in use making the ad-hoc mechanism
unnecessary. This patch disables direct reclaim stalling for such
case.
Note: I disabled the parts which seemed obvious and it behaves fine
while testing but my understanding of this code path is
rudimentary and it's quite possible that I got something wrong.
Please let me know if I got some wrong or more global_reclaim()
sites should be updated.
v2: The original patch removed the direct stalling mechanism which
breaks legacy hierarchies. Conditionalize instead of removing.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
While cgroup writeback support now connects memcg and blkcg so that
writeback IOs are properly attributed and controlled, the IO back
pressure propagation mechanism implemented in balance_dirty_pages()
and its subroutines wasn't aware of cgroup writeback.
Processes belonging to a memcg may have access to only subset of total
memory available in the system and not factoring this into dirty
throttling rendered it completely ineffective for processes under
memcg limits and memcg ended up building a separate ad-hoc degenerate
mechanism directly into vmscan code to limit page dirtying.
The previous patches updated balance_dirty_pages() and its subroutines
so that they can deal with multiple wb_domain's (writeback domains)
and defined per-memcg wb_domain. Processes belonging to a non-root
memcg are bound to two wb_domains, global wb_domain and memcg
wb_domain, and should be throttled according to IO pressures from both
domains. This patch updates dirty throttling code so that it repeats
similar calculations for the two domains - the differences between the
two are few and minor - and applies the lower of the two sets of
resulting constraints.
wb_over_bg_thresh(), which controls when background writeback
terminates, is also updated to consider both global and memcg
wb_domains. It returns true if dirty is over bg_thresh for either
domain.
This makes the dirty throttling mechanism operational for memcg
domains including writeback-bandwidth-proportional dirty page
distribution inside them but the ad-hoc memcg throttling mechanism in
vmscan is still in place. The next patch will rip it out.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
The amount of available memory to a memcg wb_domain can change as
memcg configuration changes. A domain's ->dirty_limit exists to
smooth out sudden drops in dirty threshold; however, when a domain's
size actually drops significantly, it hinders the dirty throttling
from adjusting to the new configuration leading to unexpected
behaviors including unnecessary OOM kills.
This patch resolves the issue by adding wb_domain_size_changed() which
resets ->dirty_limit[_tstmp] and making memcg call it on configuration
changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Dirtyable memory is distributed to a wb (bdi_writeback) according to
the relative bandwidth the wb is writing out in the whole system.
This distribution is global - each wb is measured against all other
wb's and gets the proportinately sized portion of the memory in the
whole system.
For cgroup writeback, the amount of dirtyable memory is scoped by
memcg and thus each wb would need to be measured and controlled in its
memcg. IOW, a wb will belong to two writeback domains - the global
and memcg domains.
The previous patches laid the groundwork to support the two wb_domains
and this patch implements memcg wb_domain. memcg->cgwb_domain is
initialized on css online and destroyed on css release,
wb->memcg_completions is added, and __wb_writeout_inc() is updated to
increment completions against both global and memcg wb_domains.
The following patches will update balance_dirty_pages() and its
subroutines to actually consider memcg wb_domain for throttling.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
wb_over_bg_thresh() currently uses global_dirty_limits() and
wb_dirty_limit() both of which are wrappers around operations which
take dirty_throttle_control. For cgroup writeback support, the
function will be updated to also consider memcg wb_domains which
requires the context information carried in dirty_throttle_control.
This patch updates wb_over_bg_thresh() so that it uses the underlying
wb_domain aware operations directly and builds the global
dirty_throttle_control in the process.
This patch doesn't introduce any behavioral changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
and rename it to wb_over_bg_thresh(). The function is closely tied to
the dirty throttling mechanism implemented in page-writeback.c. This
relocation will allow future updates necessary for cgroup writeback
support.
While at it, add function comment.
This is pure reorganization and doesn't introduce any behavioral
changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
global_dirty_limits() calculates thresh and bg_thresh (confusingly
called *pdirty and *pbackground in the function) assuming
global_wb_domain; however, cgroup writeback support requires
considering per-memcg wb_domain too.
This patch separates out domain_dirty_limits() which takes
dirty_throttle_control out of global_dirty_limits(). As thresh and
bg_thresh calculation needs the amount of dirtyable memory in the
domain, dirty_throttle_control->avail is added. The new function
calculates the two thresholds and store them directly in the
dirty_throttle_control.
Also, as memcg domains can't follow vm_dirty_bytes and
dirty_background_bytes settings directly. If those are set and
domain_dirty_limits() is invoked for a !global domain, the settings
are translated to ratios by scaling them against globally available
memory. dirty_throttle_control->gdtc is added to enable this when
CONFIG_CGROUP_WRITEBACK.
global_dirty_limits() is now a thin wrapper around
domain_dirty_limits() and balance_dirty_pages() is updated to use the
new function too.
This patch doesn't introduce any behavioral changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Currently __wb_writeout_inc() and hard_dirty_limit() assume
global_wb_domain; however, cgroup writeback support requires
considering per-memcg wb_domain too.
This patch separates out domain-specific part of __wb_writeout_inc()
into wb_domain_writeout_inc() which takes wb_domain as a parameter and
adds the parameter to hard_dirty_limit(). This will allow these two
functions to handle per-memcg wb_domains.
This patch doesn't introduce any behavioral changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Currently all dirty throttle operations use global_wb_domain; however,
cgroup writeback support requires considering per-memcg wb_domain too.
This patch adds dirty_throttle_control->dom and updates functions
which are directly using globabl_wb_domain to use it instead.
As this makes global_update_bandwidth() a misnomer, the function is
renamed to domain_update_bandwidth().
This patch doesn't introduce any behavioral changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
wb->completions measures the wb's proportional write bandwidth in
global_wb_domain and thus naturally tied to the wb_domain. This patch
adds dirty_throttle_control->wb_completions which is initialized to
wb->completions by GDTC_INIT() and updates __wb_dirty_limits() to use
it instead of dereferencing wb->completions directly.
This will allow dirty_throttle_control to represent different
wb_domains and the matching wb completions.
This patch doesn't introduce any behavioral changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
wb_position_ratio() is used to calculate pos_ratio, which is used for
two purposes. wb_update_dirty_ratelimit() uses it to adjust
wb->[balanced_]dirty_ratelimit gradually and balance_dirty_pages() to
immediately adjust dirty_ratelimit right before applying it to
determine pause duration.
While wb_update_dirty_ratelimit() is separately rate limited from
balance_dirty_pages(), on the run where the ratelimit is updated, we
end up calculating pos_ratio twice with the same parameters.
This patch adds dirty_throttle_control->pos_ratio.
balance_dirty_pages() calculates it once per run and
wb_update_dirty_ratelimit() uses the value stored in
dirty_throttle_control.
This removes the duplicate calculation and also will help implementing
memcg wb_domain.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
wb_calc_thresh() calculates wb_thresh by scaling thresh according to
the wb's portion in the system-wide write bandwidth. cgroup writeback
support would need to calculate wb_thresh against memcg domain too.
This patch renames wb_calc_thresh() to __wb_calc_thresh() and makes it
take dirty_throttle_control so that the function can later be updated
to calculate against different domains according to
dirty_throttle_control.
wb_calc_thresh() is now a thin wrapper around __wb_calc_thresh().
v2: The original version was incorrectly scaling dtc->dirty instead of
dtc->thresh. This was due to the extremely confusing function and
variable names. Added a rename patch and fixed this one.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
wb_bg_thresh is currently treated as a second-class citizen. It's
only used when BDI_CAP_STRICTLIMIT is set and balance_dirty_pages()
doesn't calculate it unless the cap is set. When the cap is set, the
calculated value is not passed around but instead recalculated
whenever it's used.
wb_position_ratio() calculates it by scaling wb_thresh proportional to
bg_thresh / thresh. wb_update_dirty_ratelimit() uses wb_dirty_limit()
on bg_thresh, which should generally lead to a similar result as the
proportional scaling but can also be way off in the presence of
max/min_ratio settings.
Avoiding wb_bg_thresh calculation saves us one u64 multiplication and
divsion when BDI_CAP_STRICTLIMIT is not set. Given that
balance_dirty_pages() is already ratelimited, this doesn't justify the
incurred extra complexity.
This patch adds wb_bg_thresh to dirty_throttle_control and makes
wb_dirty_limits() always calculate it and updates the users to use the
pre-calculated value.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Dirty throttling implemented in balance_dirty_pages() and its
subroutines makes use of a number of parameters which are passed
around individually. This renders these functions somewhat unwieldy
and makes it difficult to add or change the involved parameters. Also
some functions use different or conflicting naming schemes for the
same parameters making the code confusing to follow.
This patch consolidates the main parameters into struct
dirty_throttle_control so that they can be passed around easily and
adding new paramters isn't painful. This also unifies how a given
parameter is named and accessed. The drawback of using this type of
control structure rather than explicit paramters is that it isn't
immediately obvious which function accesses and modifies what;
however, it's fairly clear that the benefits outweigh in this case.
GDTC_INIT() macro is provided to ease initializing
dirty_throttle_control for the global_wb_domain and
balance_dirty_pages() uses a separate pointer to point to its global
dirty_throttle_control. This is to make it uniform with memcg domain
handling which will be added later.
This patch doesn't introduce any behavioral changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
This patch is a part of the series to define wb_domain which
represents a domain that wb's (bdi_writeback's) belong to and are
measured against each other in. This will enable IO backpressure
propagation for cgroup writeback.
global_dirty_limit exists to regulate the global dirty threshold which
is a property of the wb_domain. This patch moves hard_dirty_limit,
dirty_lock, and update_time into wb_domain.
This is pure reorganization and doesn't introduce any behavioral
changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Dirtyable memory is distributed to a wb (bdi_writeback) according to
the relative bandwidth the wb is writing out in the whole system.
This distribution is global - each wb is measured against all other
wb's and gets the proportinately sized portion of the memory in the
whole system.
For cgroup writeback, the amount of dirtyable memory is scoped by
memcg and thus each wb would need to be measured and controlled in its
memcg. IOW, a wb will belong to two writeback domains - the global
and memcg domains.
Currently, what constitutes the global writeback domain are scattered
across a number of global states. This patch starts collecting them
into struct wb_domain.
* fprop_global which serves as the basis for proportional bandwidth
measurement and its period timer are moved into struct wb_domain.
* global_wb_domain hosts the states for the global domain.
* While at it, flatten wb_writeout_fraction() into its callers. This
thin wrapper doesn't provide any actual benefits while getting in
the way.
This is pure reorganization and doesn't introduce any behavioral
changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
__wb_update_bandwidth() is called from two places -
fs/fs-writeback.c::balance_dirty_pages() and
mm/page-writeback.c::wb_writeback(). The latter updates only the
write bandwidth while the former also deals with the dirty ratelimit.
The two callsites are distinguished by whether @thresh parameter is
zero or not, which is cryptic. In addition, the two files define
their own different versions of wb_update_bandwidth() on top of
__wb_update_bandwidth(), which is confusing to say the least. This
patch cleans up [__]wb_update_bandwidth() in the following ways.
* __wb_update_bandwidth() now takes explicit @update_ratelimit
parameter to gate dirty ratelimit handling.
* mm/page-writeback.c::wb_update_bandwidth() is flattened into its
caller - balance_dirty_pages().
* fs/fs-writeback.c::wb_update_bandwidth() is moved to
mm/page-writeback.c and __wb_update_bandwidth() is made static.
* While at it, add a lockdep assertion to __wb_update_bandwidth().
Except for the lockdep addition, this is pure reorganization and
doesn't introduce any behavioral changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
