Pull printk fix from Petr Mladek:
"Make sure that we wake up userspace loggers. This fixes a race
introduced by the console waiter logic during this merge window"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pmladek/printk:
printk: Wake klogd when passing console_lock owner
wake_klogd is a local variable in console_unlock(). The information
is lost when the console_lock owner using the busy wait added by
the commit dbdda842fe ("printk: Add console owner and waiter
logic to load balance console writes"). The following race is
possible:
CPU0 CPU1
console_unlock()
for (;;)
/* calling console for last message */
printk()
log_store()
log_next_seq++;
/* see new message */
if (seen_seq != log_next_seq) {
wake_klogd = true;
seen_seq = log_next_seq;
}
console_lock_spinning_enable();
if (console_trylock_spinning())
/* spinning */
if (console_lock_spinning_disable_and_check()) {
printk_safe_exit_irqrestore(flags);
return;
console_unlock()
if (seen_seq != log_next_seq) {
/* already seen */
/* nothing to do */
Result: Nobody would wakeup klogd.
One solution would be to make a global variable from wake_klogd.
But then we would need to manipulate it under a lock or so.
This patch wakes klogd also when console_lock is passed to the
spinning waiter. It looks like the right way to go. Also userspace
should have a chance to see and store any "flood" of messages.
Note that the very late klogd wake up was a historic solution.
It made sense on single CPU systems or when sys_syslog() operations
were synchronized using the big kernel lock like in v2.1.113.
But it is questionable these days.
Fixes: dbdda842fe ("printk: Add console owner and waiter logic to load balance console writes")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180226155734.dzwg3aovqnwtvkoy@pathway.suse.cz
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Suggested-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
This is the mindless scripted replacement of kernel use of POLL*
variables as described by Al, done by this script:
for V in IN OUT PRI ERR RDNORM RDBAND WRNORM WRBAND HUP RDHUP NVAL MSG; do
L=`git grep -l -w POLL$V | grep -v '^t' | grep -v /um/ | grep -v '^sa' | grep -v '/poll.h$'|grep -v '^D'`
for f in $L; do sed -i "-es/^\([^\"]*\)\(\<POLL$V\>\)/\\1E\\2/" $f; done
done
with de-mangling cleanups yet to come.
NOTE! On almost all architectures, the EPOLL* constants have the same
values as the POLL* constants do. But they keyword here is "almost".
For various bad reasons they aren't the same, and epoll() doesn't
actually work quite correctly in some cases due to this on Sparc et al.
The next patch from Al will sort out the final differences, and we
should be all done.
Scripted-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull printk updates from Petr Mladek:
- Add a console_msg_format command line option:
The value "default" keeps the old "[time stamp] text\n" format. The
value "syslog" allows to see the syslog-like "<log
level>[timestamp] text" format.
This feature was requested by people doing regression tests, for
example, 0day robot. They want to have both filtered and full logs
at hands.
- Reduce the risk of softlockup:
Pass the console owner in a busy loop.
This is a new approach to the old problem. It was first proposed by
Steven Rostedt on Kernel Summit 2017. It marks a context in which
the console_lock owner calls console drivers and could not sleep.
On the other side, printk() callers could detect this state and use
a busy wait instead of a simple console_trylock(). Finally, the
console_lock owner checks if there is a busy waiter at the end of
the special context and eventually passes the console_lock to the
waiter.
The hand-off works surprisingly well and helps in many situations.
Well, there is still a possibility of the softlockup, for example,
when the flood of messages stops and the last owner still has too
much to flush.
There is increasing number of people having problems with
printk-related softlockups. We might eventually need to get better
solution. Anyway, this looks like a good start and promising
direction.
- Do not allow to schedule in console_unlock() called from printk():
This reverts an older controversial commit. The reschedule helped
to avoid softlockups. But it also slowed down the console output.
This patch is obsoleted by the new console waiter logic described
above. In fact, the reschedule made the hand-off less effective.
- Deprecate "%pf" and "%pF" format specifier:
It was needed on ia64, ppc64 and parisc64 to dereference function
descriptors and show the real function address. It is done
transparently by "%ps" and "pS" format specifier now.
Sergey Senozhatsky found that all the function descriptors were in
a special elf section and could be easily detected.
- Remove printk_symbol() API:
It has been obsoleted by "%pS" format specifier, and this change
helped to remove few continuous lines and a less intuitive old API.
- Remove redundant memsets:
Sergey removed unnecessary memset when processing printk.devkmsg
command line option.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pmladek/printk: (27 commits)
printk: drop redundant devkmsg_log_str memsets
printk: Never set console_may_schedule in console_trylock()
printk: Hide console waiter logic into helpers
printk: Add console owner and waiter logic to load balance console writes
kallsyms: remove print_symbol() function
checkpatch: add pF/pf deprecation warning
symbol lookup: introduce dereference_symbol_descriptor()
parisc64: Add .opd based function descriptor dereference
powerpc64: Add .opd based function descriptor dereference
ia64: Add .opd based function descriptor dereference
sections: split dereference_function_descriptor()
openrisc: Fix conflicting types for _exext and _stext
lib: do not use print_symbol()
irq debug: do not use print_symbol()
sysfs: do not use print_symbol()
drivers: do not use print_symbol()
x86: do not use print_symbol()
unicore32: do not use print_symbol()
sh: do not use print_symbol()
mn10300: do not use print_symbol()
...
Pull poll annotations from Al Viro:
"This introduces a __bitwise type for POLL### bitmap, and propagates
the annotations through the tree. Most of that stuff is as simple as
'make ->poll() instances return __poll_t and do the same to local
variables used to hold the future return value'.
Some of the obvious brainos found in process are fixed (e.g. POLLIN
misspelled as POLL_IN). At that point the amount of sparse warnings is
low and most of them are for genuine bugs - e.g. ->poll() instance
deciding to return -EINVAL instead of a bitmap. I hadn't touched those
in this series - it's large enough as it is.
Another problem it has caught was eventpoll() ABI mess; select.c and
eventpoll.c assumed that corresponding POLL### and EPOLL### were
equal. That's true for some, but not all of them - EPOLL### are
arch-independent, but POLL### are not.
The last commit in this series separates userland POLL### values from
the (now arch-independent) kernel-side ones, converting between them
in the few places where they are copied to/from userland. AFAICS, this
is the least disruptive fix preserving poll(2) ABI and making epoll()
work on all architectures.
As it is, it's simply broken on sparc - try to give it EPOLLWRNORM and
it will trigger only on what would've triggered EPOLLWRBAND on other
architectures. EPOLLWRBAND and EPOLLRDHUP, OTOH, are never triggered
at all on sparc. With this patch they should work consistently on all
architectures"
* 'misc.poll' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (37 commits)
make kernel-side POLL... arch-independent
eventpoll: no need to mask the result of epi_item_poll() again
eventpoll: constify struct epoll_event pointers
debugging printk in sg_poll() uses %x to print POLL... bitmap
annotate poll(2) guts
9p: untangle ->poll() mess
->si_band gets POLL... bitmap stored into a user-visible long field
ring_buffer_poll_wait() return value used as return value of ->poll()
the rest of drivers/*: annotate ->poll() instances
media: annotate ->poll() instances
fs: annotate ->poll() instances
ipc, kernel, mm: annotate ->poll() instances
net: annotate ->poll() instances
apparmor: annotate ->poll() instances
tomoyo: annotate ->poll() instances
sound: annotate ->poll() instances
acpi: annotate ->poll() instances
crypto: annotate ->poll() instances
block: annotate ->poll() instances
x86: annotate ->poll() instances
...
This patch, basically, reverts commit 6b97a20d3a ("printk:
set may_schedule for some of console_trylock() callers").
That commit was a mistake, it introduced a big dependency
on the scheduler, by enabling preemption under console_sem
in printk()->console_unlock() path, which is rather too
critical. The patch did not significantly reduce the
possibilities of printk() lockups, but made it possible to
stall printk(), as has been reported by Tetsuo Handa [1].
Another issues is that preemption under console_sem also
messes up with Steven Rostedt's hand off scheme, by making
it possible to sleep with console_sem both in console_unlock()
and in vprintk_emit(), after acquiring the console_sem
ownership (anywhere between printk_safe_exit_irqrestore() in
console_trylock_spinning() and printk_safe_enter_irqsave()
in console_unlock()). This makes hand off less likely and,
at the same time, may result in a significant amount of
pending logbuf messages. Preempted console_sem owner makes
it impossible for other CPUs to emit logbuf messages, but
does not make it impossible for other CPUs to append new
messages to the logbuf.
Reinstate the old behavior and make printk() non-preemptible.
Should any printk() lockup reports arrive they must be handled
in a different way.
[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/201603022101.CAH73907.OVOOMFHFFtQJSL%20()%20I-love%20!%20SAKURA%20!%20ne%20!%20jp
Fixes: 6b97a20d3a ("printk: set may_schedule for some of console_trylock() callers")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180116044716.GE6607@jagdpanzerIV
To: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
The commit ("printk: Add console owner and waiter logic to load balance
console writes") made vprintk_emit() and console_unlock() even more
complicated.
This patch extracts the new code into 3 helper functions. They should
help to keep it rather self-contained. It will be easier to use and
maintain.
This patch just shuffles the existing code. It does not change
the functionality.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180112160837.GD24497@linux.suse
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: rostedt@home.goodmis.org
Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
This patch implements what I discussed in Kernel Summit. I added
lockdep annotation (hopefully correctly), and it hasn't had any splats
(since I fixed some bugs in the first iterations). It did catch
problems when I had the owner covering too much. But now that the owner
is only set when actively calling the consoles, lockdep has stayed
quiet.
Here's the design again:
I added a "console_owner" which is set to a task that is actively
writing to the consoles. It is *not* the same as the owner of the
console_lock. It is only set when doing the calls to the console
functions. It is protected by a console_owner_lock which is a raw spin
lock.
There is a console_waiter. This is set when there is an active console
owner that is not current, and waiter is not set. This too is protected
by console_owner_lock.
In printk() when it tries to write to the consoles, we have:
if (console_trylock())
console_unlock();
Now I added an else, which will check if there is an active owner, and
no current waiter. If that is the case, then console_waiter is set, and
the task goes into a spin until it is no longer set.
When the active console owner finishes writing the current message to
the consoles, it grabs the console_owner_lock and sees if there is a
waiter, and clears console_owner.
If there is a waiter, then it breaks out of the loop, clears the waiter
flag (because that will release the waiter from its spin), and exits.
Note, it does *not* release the console semaphore. Because it is a
semaphore, there is no owner. Another task may release it. This means
that the waiter is guaranteed to be the new console owner! Which it
becomes.
Then the waiter calls console_unlock() and continues to write to the
consoles.
If another task comes along and does a printk() it too can become the
new waiter, and we wash rinse and repeat!
By Petr Mladek about possible new deadlocks:
The thing is that we move console_sem only to printk() call
that normally calls console_unlock() as well. It means that
the transferred owner should not bring new type of dependencies.
As Steven said somewhere: "If there is a deadlock, it was
there even before."
We could look at it from this side. The possible deadlock would
look like:
CPU0 CPU1
console_unlock()
console_owner = current;
spin_lockA()
printk()
spin = true;
while (...)
call_console_drivers()
spin_lockA()
This would be a deadlock. CPU0 would wait for the lock A.
While CPU1 would own the lockA and would wait for CPU0
to finish calling the console drivers and pass the console_sem
owner.
But if the above is true than the following scenario was
already possible before:
CPU0
spin_lockA()
printk()
console_unlock()
call_console_drivers()
spin_lockA()
By other words, this deadlock was there even before. Such
deadlocks are prevented by using printk_deferred() in
the sections guarded by the lock A.
By Steven Rostedt:
To demonstrate the issue, this module has been shown to lock up a
system with 4 CPUs and a slow console (like a serial console). It is
also able to lock up a 8 CPU system with only a fast (VGA) console, by
passing in "loops=100". The changes in this commit prevent this module
from locking up the system.
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include <linux/hrtimer.h>
static bool stop_testing;
static unsigned int loops = 1;
static void preempt_printk_workfn(struct work_struct *work)
{
int i;
while (!READ_ONCE(stop_testing)) {
for (i = 0; i < loops && !READ_ONCE(stop_testing); i++) {
preempt_disable();
pr_emerg("%5d%-75s\n", smp_processor_id(),
" XXX NOPREEMPT");
preempt_enable();
}
msleep(1);
}
}
static struct work_struct __percpu *works;
static void finish(void)
{
int cpu;
WRITE_ONCE(stop_testing, true);
for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
flush_work(per_cpu_ptr(works, cpu));
free_percpu(works);
}
static int __init test_init(void)
{
int cpu;
works = alloc_percpu(struct work_struct);
if (!works)
return -ENOMEM;
/*
* This is just a test module. This will break if you
* do any CPU hot plugging between loading and
* unloading the module.
*/
for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
struct work_struct *work = per_cpu_ptr(works, cpu);
INIT_WORK(work, &preempt_printk_workfn);
schedule_work_on(cpu, work);
}
return 0;
}
static void __exit test_exit(void)
{
finish();
}
module_param(loops, uint, 0);
module_init(test_init);
module_exit(test_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180110132418.7080-2-pmladek@suse.com
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Byungchul Park <byungchul.park@lge.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
[pmladek@suse.com: Commit message about possible deadlocks]
Acked-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
0day and kernelCI automatically parse kernel log - basically some sort
of grepping using the pre-defined text patterns - in order to detect
and report regressions/errors. There are several sources they get the
kernel logs from:
a) dmesg or /proc/ksmg
This is the preferred way. Because `dmesg --raw' (see later Note)
and /proc/kmsg output contains facility and log level, which greatly
simplifies grepping for EMERG/ALERT/CRIT/ERR messages.
b) serial consoles
This option is harder to maintain, because serial console messages
don't contain facility and log level.
This patch introduces a `console_msg_format=' command line option,
to switch between different message formatting on serial consoles.
For the time being we have just two options - default and syslog.
The "default" option just keeps the existing format. While the
"syslog" option makes serial console messages to appear in syslog
format [syslog() syscall], matching the `dmesg -S --raw' and
`cat /proc/kmsg' output formats:
- facility and log level
- time stamp (depends on printk_time/PRINTK_TIME)
- message
<%u>[time stamp] text\n
NOTE: while Kevin and Fengguang talk about "dmesg --raw", it's actually
"dmesg -S --raw" that always prints messages in syslog format [per
Petr Mladek]. Running "dmesg --raw" may produce output in non-syslog
format sometimes. console_msg_format=syslog enables syslog format,
thus in documentation we mention "dmesg -S --raw", not "dmesg --raw".
Per Kevin Hilman:
: Right now we can get this info from a "dmesg --raw" after bootup,
: but it would be really nice in certain automation frameworks to
: have a kernel command-line option to enable printing of loglevels
: in default boot log.
:
: This is especially useful when ingesting kernel logs into advanced
: search/analytics frameworks (I'm playing with and ELK stack: Elastic
: Search, Logstash, Kibana).
:
: The other important reason for having this on the command line is that
: for testing linux-next (and other bleeding edge developer branches),
: it's common that we never make it to userspace, so can't even run
: "dmesg --raw" (or equivalent.) So we really want this on the primary
: boot (serial) console.
Per Fengguang Wu, 0day scripts should quickly benefit from that
feature, because they will be able to switch to a more reliable
parsing, based on messages' facility and log levels [1]:
`#{grep} -a -E -e '^<[0123]>' -e '^kern :(err |crit |alert |emerg )'
instead of doing text pattern matching
`#{grep} -a -F -f /lkp/printk-error-messages #{kmsg_file} |
grep -a -v -E -f #{LKP_SRC}/etc/oops-pattern |
grep -a -v -F -f #{LKP_SRC}/etc/kmsg-blacklist`
[1] https://github.com/fengguang/lkp-tests/blob/master/lib/dmesg.rb
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171221054149.4398-1-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
To: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Kevin Hilman <khilman@baylibre.com>
Cc: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: LKML <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@baylibre.com>
Tested-by: Kevin Hilman <khilman@baylibre.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Geert Uytterhoeven reported a NFS oops, and pointed out that some of the
numbers were hashed and useless.
We could just turn them from '%p' into '%px', but those numbers are
really just legacy, and useless even when not hashed.
So just remove them entirely.
Reported-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull printk updates from Petr Mladek:
- print the warning about dropped messages on consoles on a separate
line. It makes it more legible.
- one typo fix and small code clean up.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pmladek/printk:
added new line symbol after warning about dropped messages
printk: fix typo in printk_safe.c
printk: simplify no_printk()
- Now allow module init functions to be traced
- Clean up some unused or not used by config events (saves space)
- Clean up of trace histogram code
- Add support for preempt and interrupt enabled/disable events
- Other various clean ups
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Merge tag 'trace-v4.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace
Pull tracing updates from
- allow module init functions to be traced
- clean up some unused or not used by config events (saves space)
- clean up of trace histogram code
- add support for preempt and interrupt enabled/disable events
- other various clean ups
* tag 'trace-v4.15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace: (30 commits)
tracing, thermal: Hide cpu cooling trace events when not in use
tracing, thermal: Hide devfreq trace events when not in use
ftrace: Kill FTRACE_OPS_FL_PER_CPU
perf/ftrace: Small cleanup
perf/ftrace: Fix function trace events
perf/ftrace: Revert ("perf/ftrace: Fix double traces of perf on ftrace:function")
tracing, dma-buf: Remove unused trace event dma_fence_annotate_wait_on
tracing, memcg, vmscan: Hide trace events when not in use
tracing/xen: Hide events that are not used when X86_PAE is not defined
tracing: mark trace_test_buffer as __maybe_unused
printk: Remove superfluous memory barriers from printk_safe
ftrace: Clear hashes of stale ips of init memory
tracing: Add support for preempt and irq enable/disable events
tracing: Prepare to add preempt and irq trace events
ftrace/kallsyms: Have /proc/kallsyms show saved mod init functions
ftrace: Add freeing algorithm to free ftrace_mod_maps
ftrace: Save module init functions kallsyms symbols for tracing
ftrace: Allow module init functions to be traced
ftrace: Add a ftrace_free_mem() function for modules to use
tracing: Reimplement log2
...
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
so this message will not mess with the next one
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Maxim Akristiniy <maksim.akristiniy@yotadevices.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
The variable printk_safe_irq_ready is set and never cleared at system
boot up, when there's only one CPU active. It is set before other
CPUs come on line. Also, it is extremely unlikely that an NMI would
trigger this early in boot up (which I wonder why we even have this
variable at all).
Also mark the printk_safe_irq_ready as read mostly, as it is set at
system boot up, and never touched again.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171011124647.7781f98f@gandalf.local.home
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Pull printk updates from Petr Mladek:
- Do not allow use of freed init data and code even when boot consoles
are forced to stay. Also check for the init memory more precisely.
- Some code clean up by starting contributors.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pmladek/printk:
printk: Clean up do_syslog() error handling
printk/console: Enhance the check for consoles using init memory
printk/console: Always disable boot consoles that use init memory before it is freed
printk: Modify operators of printed_len and text_len
This reverts commit 68c4a4f8ab, with
various conflict clean-ups.
The capability check required too much privilege compared to simple DAC
controls. A system builder was forced to have crash handler processes
run with CAP_SYSLOG which would give it the ability to read (and wipe)
the _current_ dmesg, which is much more access than being given access
only to the historical log stored in pstorefs.
With the prior commit to make the root directory 0750, the files are
protected by default but a system builder can now opt to give access
to a specific group (via chgrp on the pstorefs root directory) without
being forced to also give away CAP_SYSLOG.
Suggested-by: Nick Kralevich <nnk@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
The error variable in do_syslog() is preemptively set to the error code
before the error condition is checked, and then set to 0 if the error
condition is not encountered. This is not necessary, as it is likely
simpler to return immediately upon encountering the error condition. A
redundant set of the error variable to 0 is also removed.
This patch has been build-tested on x86_64, but not tested for
functionality.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170730033636.GA935@vostro
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Nikitas Angelinas <nikitas.angelinas@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
printk_late_init() is responsible for disabling boot consoles that
use init memory. It checks the address of struct console for this.
But this is not enough. For example, there are several early
consoles that have write() method in the init section and
struct console in the normal section. They are not disabled
and could cause fancy and hard to debug system states.
It is even more complicated by the macros EARLYCON_DECLARE() and
OF_EARLYCON_DECLARE() where various struct members are set at
runtime by the provided setup() function.
I have tried to reproduce this problem and forced the classic uart
early console to stay using keep_bootcon parameter. In particular
I used earlycon=uart,io,0x3f8 keep_bootcon console=ttyS0,115200.
The system did not boot:
[ 1.570496] PM: Image not found (code -22)
[ 1.570496] PM: Image not found (code -22)
[ 1.571886] PM: Hibernation image not present or could not be loaded.
[ 1.571886] PM: Hibernation image not present or could not be loaded.
[ 1.576407] Freeing unused kernel memory: 2528K
[ 1.577244] kernel tried to execute NX-protected page - exploit attempt? (uid: 0)
The double lines are caused by having both early uart console and
ttyS0 console enabled at the same time. The early console stopped
working when the init memory was freed. Fortunately, the invalid
call was caught by the NX-protexted page check and did not cause
any silent fancy problems.
This patch adds a check for many other addresses stored in
struct console. It omits setup() and match() that are used
only when the console is registered. Therefore they have
already been used at this point and there is no reason
to use them again.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1500036673-7122-3-git-send-email-pmladek@suse.com
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Matt Redfearn <matt.redfearn@imgtec.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Alan Cox <gnomes@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: "Fabio M. Di Nitto" <fdinitto@redhat.com>
Cc: linux-serial@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Commit 4c30c6f566 ("kernel/printk: do not turn off bootconsole in
printk_late_init() if keep_bootcon") added a check on keep_bootcon to
ensure that boot consoles were kept around until the real console is
registered.
This can lead to problems if the boot console data and code are in the
init section, since it can be freed before the boot console is
unregistered.
Commit 81cc26f2bd ("printk: only unregister boot consoles when
necessary") fixed this a better way. It allowed to keep boot consoles
that did not use init data. Unfortunately it did not remove the check
of keep_bootcon.
This can lead to crashes and weird panics when the bootconsole is
accessed after free, especially if page poisoning is in use and the
code / data have been overwritten with a poison value.
To prevent this, always free the boot console if it is within the init
section. In addition, print a warning about that the console is removed
prematurely.
Finally there is a new comment how to avoid the warning. It replaced
an explanation that duplicated a more comprehensive function
description few lines above.
Fixes: 4c30c6f566 ("kernel/printk: do not turn off bootconsole in printk_late_init() if keep_bootcon")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1500036673-7122-2-git-send-email-pmladek@suse.com
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Alan Cox <gnomes@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: "Fabio M. Di Nitto" <fdinitto@redhat.com>
Cc: linux-serial@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Matt Redfearn <matt.redfearn@imgtec.com>
[pmladek@suse.com: print the warning, code and comments clean up]
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
With commit <ddb9baa82226> ("printk: report lost messages in printk
safe/nmi contexts") and commit <8b1742c9c207> ("printk: remove zap_locks()
function"), it seems we can remove initialization, "=0", of text_len and
directly assign result of log_output to printed_len.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1499755255-6258-1-git-send-email-vichy.kuo@gmail.com
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: joe@perches.com
Signed-off-by: Pierre Kuo <vichy.kuo@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Pull printk updates from Petr Mladek:
- Store printk() messages into the main log buffer directly even in NMI
when the lock is available. It is the best effort to print even large
chunk of text. It is handy, for example, when all ftrace messages are
printed during the system panic in NMI.
- Add missing annotations to calm down compiler warnings
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pmladek/printk:
printk: add __printf attributes to internal functions
printk: Use the main logbuf in NMI when logbuf_lock is available
Conflicts:
kernel/sched/Makefile
Pick up the waitqueue related renames - it didn't get much feedback,
so it appears to be uncontroversial. Famous last words? ;-)
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
When compiling with -Wsuggest-attribute=format, gcc complains that some
functions in kernel/printk/printk_safe.c transmit their argument to
printf-like functions without having a printf attribute. Silence these
warnings by adding relevant __printf attributes.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170524054950.6722-1-nicolas.iooss_linux@m4x.org
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Iooss <nicolas.iooss_linux@m4x.org>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Pull printk fix from Petr Mladek:
"This reverts a fix added into 4.12-rc1. It caused the kernel log to be
printed on another console when two consoles of the same type were
defined, e.g. console=ttyS0 console=ttyS1.
This configuration was never supported by kernel itself, but it
started to make sense with systemd. In other words, the commit broke
userspace"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pmladek/printk:
Revert "printk: fix double printing with earlycon"
This reverts commit cf39bf58af.
The commit regression to users that define both console=ttyS1
and console=ttyS0 on the command line, see
https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170509082915.GA13236@bistromath.localdomain
The kernel log messages always appeared only on one serial port. It is
even documented in Documentation/admin-guide/serial-console.rst:
"Note that you can only define one console per device type (serial,
video)."
The above mentioned commit changed the order in which the command line
parameters are searched. As a result, the kernel log messages go to
the last mentioned ttyS* instead of the first one.
We long thought that using two console=ttyS* on the command line
did not make sense. But then we realized that console= parameters
were handled also by systemd, see
http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/serial-console.html
"By default systemd will instantiate one serial-getty@.service on
the main kernel console, if it is not a virtual terminal."
where
"[4] If multiple kernel consoles are used simultaneously, the main
console is the one listed first in /sys/class/tty/console/active,
which is the last one listed on the kernel command line."
This puts the original report into another light. The system is running
in qemu. The first serial port is used to store the messages into a file.
The second one is used to login to the system via a socket. It depends
on systemd and the historic kernel behavior.
By other words, systemd causes that it makes sense to define both
console=ttyS1 console=ttyS0 on the command line. The kernel fix
caused regression related to userspace (systemd) and need to be
reverted.
In addition, it went out that the fix helped only partially.
The messages still were duplicated when the boot console was
removed early by late_initcall(printk_late_init). Then the entire
log was replayed when the same console was registered as a normal one.
Link: 20170606160339.GC7604@pathway.suse.cz
Cc: Aleksey Makarov <aleksey.makarov@linaro.org>
Cc: Sabrina Dubroca <sd@queasysnail.net>
Cc: Sudeep Holla <sudeep.holla@arm.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.com>
Cc: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>,
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: "Nair, Jayachandran" <Jayachandran.Nair@cavium.com>
Cc: linux-serial@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Sabrina Dubroca <sd@queasysnail.net>
Acked-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
To enable smp_processor_id() and might_sleep() debug checks earlier, it's
required to add system states between SYSTEM_BOOTING and SYSTEM_RUNNING.
Adjust the system_state check in boot_delay_msec() to handle the extra
states.
Tested-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170516184736.027534895@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The commit 42a0bb3f71 ("printk/nmi: generic solution for safe
printk in NMI") caused that printk stores messages into a temporary
buffer in NMI context.
The buffer is per-CPU and therefore the size is rather limited.
It works quite well for NMI backtraces. But there are longer logs
that might get printed in NMI context, for example, lockdep
warnings, ftrace_dump_on_oops.
The temporary buffer is used to avoid deadlocks caused by
logbuf_lock. Also it is needed to avoid races with the other
temporary buffer that is used when PRINTK_SAFE_CONTEXT is entered.
But the main buffer can be used in NMI if the lock is available
and we did not interrupt PRINTK_SAFE_CONTEXT.
The lock is checked using raw_spin_is_locked(). It might cause
false negatives when the lock is taken on another CPU and
this CPU is in the safe context from other reasons. Note that
the safe context is used also to get console semaphore or when
calling console drivers. For this reason, we do the check in
printk_nmi_enter(). It makes the handling consistent for
the entire NMI handler and avoids reshuffling of the messages.
The patch also defines special printk context that allows
to use printk_deferred() in NMI. Note that we could not flush
the messages to the consoles because console drivers might use
many other internal locks.
The newly created vprintk_deferred() disables the preemption
only around the irq work handling. It is needed there to keep
the consistency between the two per-CPU variables. But there
is no reason to disable preemption around vprintk_emit().
Finally, the patch puts back explicit serialization of the NMI
backtraces from different CPUs. It was removed by the
commit a9edc88093 ("x86/nmi: Perform a safe
NMI stack trace on all CPUs"). It was not needed because
the flushing of the temporary per-CPU buffers was serialized.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1493912763-24873-1-git-send-email-pmladek@suse.com
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Russell King <rack+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@ezchip.com>
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Suggested-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Here is the "big" TTY/Serial patch updates for 4.12-rc1
Not a lot of new things here, the normal number of serial driver updates
and additions, tiny bugs fixed, and some core files split up to make
future changes a bit easier for Nicolas's "tiny-tty" work.
All of these have been in linux-next for a while. There will be a merge
conflict with include/linux/serdev.h coming from the bluetooth tree
merge, which we knew about, as we wanted some of the serdev changes to
go in through that tree. I'll send the expected merge result as a
follow-on message.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'tty-4.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/tty
Pull tty/serial updates from Greg KH:
"Here is the "big" TTY/Serial patch updates for 4.12-rc1
Not a lot of new things here, the normal number of serial driver
updates and additions, tiny bugs fixed, and some core files split up
to make future changes a bit easier for Nicolas's "tiny-tty" work.
All of these have been in linux-next for a while"
* tag 'tty-4.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/tty: (62 commits)
serial: small Makefile reordering
tty: split job control support into a file of its own
tty: move baudrate handling code to a file of its own
console: move console_init() out of tty_io.c
serial: 8250_early: Add earlycon support for Palmchip UART
tty: pl011: use "qdf2400_e44" as the earlycon name for QDF2400 E44
vt: make mouse selection of non-ASCII consistent
vt: set mouse selection word-chars to gpm's default
imx-serial: Reduce RX DMA startup latency when opening for reading
serial: omap: suspend device on probe errors
serial: omap: fix runtime-pm handling on unbind
tty: serial: omap: add UPF_BOOT_AUTOCONF flag for DT init
serial: samsung: Remove useless spinlock
serial: samsung: Add missing checks for dma_map_single failure
serial: samsung: Use right device for DMA-mapping calls
serial: imx: setup DCEDTE early and ensure DCD and RI irqs to be off
tty: fix comment typo s/repsonsible/responsible/
tty: amba-pl011: Fix spurious TX interrupts
serial: xuartps: Enable clocks in the pm disable case also
serial: core: Re-use struct uart_port {name} field
...
Patch series "kexec/fadump: remove dependency with CONFIG_KEXEC and
reuse crashkernel parameter for fadump", v4.
Traditionally, kdump is used to save vmcore in case of a crash. Some
architectures like powerpc can save vmcore using architecture specific
support instead of kexec/kdump mechanism. Such architecture specific
support also needs to reserve memory, to be used by dump capture kernel.
crashkernel parameter can be a reused, for memory reservation, by such
architecture specific infrastructure.
This patchset removes dependency with CONFIG_KEXEC for crashkernel
parameter and vmcoreinfo related code as it can be reused without kexec
support. Also, crashkernel parameter is reused instead of
fadump_reserve_mem to reserve memory for fadump.
The first patch moves crashkernel parameter parsing and vmcoreinfo
related code under CONFIG_CRASH_CORE instead of CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE. The
second patch reuses the definitions of append_elf_note() & final_note()
functions under CONFIG_CRASH_CORE in IA64 arch code. The third patch
removes dependency on CONFIG_KEXEC for firmware-assisted dump (fadump)
in powerpc. The next patch reuses crashkernel parameter for reserving
memory for fadump, instead of the fadump_reserve_mem parameter. This
has the advantage of using all syntaxes crashkernel parameter supports,
for fadump as well. The last patch updates fadump kernel documentation
about use of crashkernel parameter.
This patch (of 5):
Traditionally, kdump is used to save vmcore in case of a crash. Some
architectures like powerpc can save vmcore using architecture specific
support instead of kexec/kdump mechanism. Such architecture specific
support also needs to reserve memory, to be used by dump capture kernel.
crashkernel parameter can be a reused, for memory reservation, by such
architecture specific infrastructure.
But currently, code related to vmcoreinfo and parsing of crashkernel
parameter is built under CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE. This patch introduces
CONFIG_CRASH_CORE and moves the above mentioned code under this config,
allowing code reuse without dependency on CONFIG_KEXEC. There is no
functional change with this patch.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/149035338104.6881.4550894432615189948.stgit@hbathini.in.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Mahesh Salgaonkar <mahesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull printk updates from Petr Mladek:
- There is a situation when early console is not deregistered because
the preferred one matches a wrong entry. It caused messages to appear
twice.
This is the 2nd attempt to fix it. The first one was wrong, see the
commit c6c7d83b9c ('Revert "console: don't prefer first registered
if DT specifies stdout-path"').
The fix is coupled with some small code clean up. Well, the console
registration code would deserve a big one. We need to think about it.
- Do not lose information about the preemtive context when the console
semaphore is re-taken.
- Do not block CPU hotplug when someone else is already pushing
messages to the console.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pmladek/printk:
printk: fix double printing with earlycon
printk: rename selected_console -> preferred_console
printk: fix name/type/scope of preferred_console var
printk: Correctly handle preemption in console_unlock()
printk: use console_trylock() in console_cpu_notify()
All the console driver handling code lives in printk.c.
Move console_init() there as well so console support can still be used
when the TTY code is configured out. No logical changes from this patch.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
If a console was specified by ACPI SPCR table _and_ command line
parameters like "console=ttyAMA0" _and_ "earlycon" were specified,
then log messages appear twice.
The root cause is that the code traverses the list of specified
consoles (the `console_cmdline` array) and stops at the first match.
But it may happen that the same console is referred by the elements
of this array twice:
pl011,mmio,0x87e024000000,115200 -- from SPCR
ttyAMA0 -- from command line
but in this case `preferred_console` points to the second entry and
the flag CON_CONSDEV is not set, so bootconsole is not deregistered.
To fix that, introduce an invariant "The last non-braille console
is always the preferred one" on the entries of the console_cmdline
array. Then traverse it in reverse order to be sure that if
the console is preferred then it will be the first matching entry.
Introduce variable console_cmdline_cnt that keeps the number
of elements of the console_cmdline array (Petr Mladek). It helps
to get rid of the loop that searches for the end of this array.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170405202006.18234-1-aleksey.makarov@linaro.org
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.com>
Cc: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
Cc: "Nair, Jayachandran" <Jayachandran.Nair@cavium.com>
Cc: linux-serial@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Aleksey Makarov <aleksey.makarov@linaro.org>
Reported-by: Sudeep Holla <sudeep.holla@arm.com>
Acked-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
The variable selected_console is set in __add_preferred_console()
to point to the last console parameter that was added to the
console_cmdline array.
Rename it to preferred_console so that the name reflects the usage.
Petr Mladek:
"[..] the selected_console/preferred_console
value is used to keep the console first in the console_drivers list.
IMHO, the main effect is that each line will first appear on this
console, see call_console_drivers(). But the message will still
appear also on all other enabled consoles. From this point,
the name "preferred" sounds better to me. More consoles
are selected (enabled) and only one is preferred (first)."
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170315102854.1763-3-aleksey.makarov@linaro.org
Cc: Sudeep Holla <sudeep.holla@arm.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.com>
Cc: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
Cc: "Nair, Jayachandran" <Jayachandran.Nair@cavium.com>
Cc: linux-serial@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Aleksey Makarov <aleksey.makarov@linaro.org>
Suggested-by: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
The variable preferred_console is used only inside register_console()
and its semantics is boolean. It is negative when no console has been
made preferred.
Make it static bool and rename to has_preferred.
Renaming was suggested by Peter Hurley
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170315102854.1763-2-aleksey.makarov@linaro.org
Cc: Sudeep Holla <sudeep.holla@arm.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.com>
Cc: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
Cc: "Nair, Jayachandran" <Jayachandran.Nair@cavium.com>
Cc: linux-serial@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Aleksey Makarov <aleksey.makarov@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Some console drivers code calls console_conditional_schedule()
that looks at @console_may_schedule. The value must be cleared
when the drivers are called from console_unlock() with
interrupts disabled. But rescheduling is fine when the same
code is called, for example, from tty operations where the
console semaphore is taken via console_lock().
This is why @console_may_schedule is cleared before calling console
drivers. The original value is stored to decide if we could sleep
between lines.
Now, @console_may_schedule is not cleared when we call
console_trylock() and jump back to the "again" goto label.
This has become a problem, since the commit 6b97a20d3a
("printk: set may_schedule for some of console_trylock() callers").
@console_may_schedule might get enabled now.
There is also the opposite problem. console_lock() can be called
only from preemptive context. It can always enable scheduling in
the console code. But console_trylock() is not able to detect it
when CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT is disabled. Therefore we should use the
original @console_may_schedule value after re-acquiring
the console semaphore in console_unlock().
This patch solves both problems by moving the "again" goto label.
Alternative solution was to clear and restore the value around
call_console_drivers(). Then console_conditional_schedule() could
be used also inside console_unlock(). But there was a potential race
with console_flush_on_panic() as reported by Sergey Senozhatsky.
That function should be called only where there is only one CPU
and with interrupts disabled. But better be on the safe side
because stopping CPUs might fail.
Fixes: 6b97a20d3a ("printk: set may_schedule for some of console_trylock() callers")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1490372045-22288-1-git-send-email-pmladek@suse.com
Suggested-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: linux-fbdev@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
commit bbeddf52ad ("printk: move braille console support into
separate braille.[ch] files") introduced _braille_console_setup()
to outline the braille initialization code. There was however some
confusion over the value it was supposed to return. commit 2cfe6c4ac7
("printk: Fix return of braille_register_console()") tried to fix it
but failed to.
This fixes and documents the returned value according to the use
in printk.c: non-zero return means a parsing error, and thus this
console configuration should be ignored.
Signed-off-by: Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
Cc: Aleksey Makarov <aleksey.makarov@linaro.org>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@canonical.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
There is no need to always call blocking console_lock() in
console_cpu_notify(), it's quite possible that console_sem can
be locked by other CPU on the system, either already printing
or soon to begin printing the messages. console_lock() in this
case can simply block CPU hotplug for unknown period of time
(console_unlock() is time unbound). Not that hotplug is very
fast, but still, with other CPUs being online and doing
printk() console_cpu_notify() can stuck.
Use console_trylock() instead and opt-out if console_sem is
already acquired from another CPU, since that CPU will do
the printing for us.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170121104729.8585-1-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
We are going to split <linux/sched/task_stack.h> out of <linux/sched.h>, which
will have to be picked up from other headers and a couple of .c files.
Create a trivial placeholder <linux/sched/task_stack.h> file that just
maps to <linux/sched.h> to make this patch obviously correct and
bisectable.
Include the new header in the files that are going to need it.
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
We are going to split <linux/sched/debug.h> out of <linux/sched.h>, which
will have to be picked up from other headers and a couple of .c files.
Create a trivial placeholder <linux/sched/debug.h> file that just
maps to <linux/sched.h> to make this patch obviously correct and
bisectable.
Include the new header in the files that are going to need it.
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
We are going to split <linux/sched/clock.h> out of <linux/sched.h>, which
will have to be picked up from other headers and .c files.
Create a trivial placeholder <linux/sched/clock.h> file that just
maps to <linux/sched.h> to make this patch obviously correct and
bisectable.
Include the new header in the files that are going to need it.
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Pull printk updates from Petr Mladek:
- Add Petr Mladek, Sergey Senozhatsky as printk maintainers, and Steven
Rostedt as the printk reviewer. This idea came up after the
discussion about printk issues at Kernel Summit. It was formulated
and discussed at lkml[1].
- Extend a lock-less NMI per-cpu buffers idea to handle recursive
printk() calls by Sergey Senozhatsky[2]. It is the first step in
sanitizing printk as discussed at Kernel Summit.
The change allows to see messages that would normally get ignored or
would cause a deadlock.
Also it allows to enable lockdep in printk(). This already paid off.
The testing in linux-next helped to discover two old problems that
were hidden before[3][4].
- Remove unused parameter by Sergey Senozhatsky. Clean up after a past
change.
[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1481798878-31898-1-git-send-email-pmladek@suse.com
[2] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161227141611.940-1-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
[3] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170215044332.30449-1-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
[4] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170217015932.11898-1-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pmladek/printk:
printk: drop call_console_drivers() unused param
printk: convert the rest to printk-safe
printk: remove zap_locks() function
printk: use printk_safe buffers in printk
printk: report lost messages in printk safe/nmi contexts
printk: always use deferred printk when flush printk_safe lines
printk: introduce per-cpu safe_print seq buffer
printk: rename nmi.c and exported api
printk: use vprintk_func in vprintk()
MAINTAINERS: Add printk maintainers
Use rcuidle console tracepoint because, apparently, it may be issued
from an idle CPU:
hw-breakpoint: Failed to enable monitor mode on CPU 0.
hw-breakpoint: CPU 0 failed to disable vector catch
===============================
[ ERR: suspicious RCU usage. ]
4.10.0-rc8-next-20170215+ #119 Not tainted
-------------------------------
./include/trace/events/printk.h:32 suspicious rcu_dereference_check() usage!
other info that might help us debug this:
RCU used illegally from idle CPU!
rcu_scheduler_active = 2, debug_locks = 0
RCU used illegally from extended quiescent state!
2 locks held by swapper/0/0:
#0: (cpu_pm_notifier_lock){......}, at: [<c0237e2c>] cpu_pm_exit+0x10/0x54
#1: (console_lock){+.+.+.}, at: [<c01ab350>] vprintk_emit+0x264/0x474
stack backtrace:
CPU: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.10.0-rc8-next-20170215+ #119
Hardware name: Generic OMAP4 (Flattened Device Tree)
console_unlock
vprintk_emit
vprintk_default
printk
reset_ctrl_regs
dbg_cpu_pm_notify
notifier_call_chain
cpu_pm_exit
omap_enter_idle_coupled
cpuidle_enter_state
cpuidle_enter_state_coupled
do_idle
cpu_startup_entry
start_kernel
This RCU warning, however, is suppressed by lockdep_off() in printk().
lockdep_off() increments the ->lockdep_recursion counter and thus
disables RCU_LOCKDEP_WARN() and debug_lockdep_rcu_enabled(), which want
lockdep to be enabled "current->lockdep_recursion == 0".
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170217015932.11898-1-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Tested-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@armlinux.org.uk>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.4+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We do suppress_message_printing() check before we call
call_console_drivers() now, so `level' param is not needed
anymore.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161224140902.1962-2-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
This patch converts the rest of logbuf users (which are
out of printk recursion case, but can deadlock in printk).
To make printk-safe usage easier the patch introduces 4
helper macros:
- logbuf_lock_irq()/logbuf_unlock_irq()
lock/unlock the logbuf lock and disable/enable local IRQ
- logbuf_lock_irqsave(flags)/logbuf_unlock_irqrestore(flags)
lock/unlock the logbuf lock and saves/restores local IRQ state
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161227141611.940-9-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Calvin Owens <calvinowens@fb.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
We use printk-safe now which makes printk-recursion detection code
in vprintk_emit() unreachable. The tricky thing here is that, apart
from detecting and reporting printk recursions, that code also used
to zap_locks() in case of panic() from the same CPU. However,
zap_locks() does not look to be needed anymore:
1) Since commit 08d78658f3 ("panic: release stale console lock to
always get the logbuf printed out") panic flushing of `logbuf' to
console ignores the state of `console_sem' by doing
panic()
console_trylock();
console_unlock();
2) Since commit cf9b1106c8 ("printk/nmi: flush NMI messages on the
system panic") panic attempts to zap the `logbuf_lock' spin_lock to
successfully flush nmi messages to `logbuf'.
Basically, it seems that we either already do what zap_locks() used to
do but in other places or we ignore the state of the lock. The only
reaming difference is that we don't re-init the console semaphore in
printk_safe_flush_on_panic(), but this is not necessary because we
don't call console drivers from printk_safe_flush_on_panic() due to
the fact that we are using a deferred printk() version (as was
suggested by Petr Mladek).
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161227141611.940-8-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Calvin Owens <calvinowens@fb.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Use printk_safe per-CPU buffers in printk recursion-prone blocks:
-- around logbuf_lock protected sections in vprintk_emit() and
console_unlock()
-- around down_trylock_console_sem() and up_console_sem()
Note that this solution addresses deadlocks caused by printk()
recursive calls only. That is vprintk_emit() and console_unlock().
The rest will be converted in a followup patch.
Another thing to note is that we now keep lockdep enabled in printk,
because we are protected against the printk recursion caused by
lockdep in vprintk_emit() by the printk-safe mechanism - we first
switch to per-CPU buffers and only then access the deadlock-prone
locks.
Examples:
1) printk() from logbuf_lock spin_lock section
Assume the following code:
printk()
raw_spin_lock(&logbuf_lock);
WARN_ON(1);
raw_spin_unlock(&logbuf_lock);
which now produces:
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 366 at kernel/printk/printk.c:1811 vprintk_emit
CPU: 0 PID: 366 Comm: bash
Call Trace:
warn_slowpath_null+0x1d/0x1f
vprintk_emit+0x1cd/0x438
vprintk_default+0x1d/0x1f
printk+0x48/0x50
[..]
2) printk() from semaphore sem->lock spin_lock section
Assume the following code
printk()
console_trylock()
down_trylock()
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
WARN_ON(1);
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sem->lock, flags);
which now produces:
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 363 at kernel/locking/semaphore.c:141 down_trylock
CPU: 1 PID: 363 Comm: bash
Call Trace:
warn_slowpath_null+0x1d/0x1f
down_trylock+0x3d/0x62
? vprintk_emit+0x3f9/0x414
console_trylock+0x31/0xeb
vprintk_emit+0x3f9/0x414
vprintk_default+0x1d/0x1f
printk+0x48/0x50
[..]
3) printk() from console_unlock()
Assume the following code:
printk()
console_unlock()
raw_spin_lock(&logbuf_lock);
WARN_ON(1);
raw_spin_unlock(&logbuf_lock);
which now produces:
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 329 at kernel/printk/printk.c:2384 console_unlock
CPU: 1 PID: 329 Comm: bash
Call Trace:
warn_slowpath_null+0x18/0x1a
console_unlock+0x12d/0x559
? trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0x16d/0x189
? trace_hardirqs_on+0xd/0xf
vprintk_emit+0x363/0x374
vprintk_default+0x18/0x1a
printk+0x43/0x4b
[..]
4) printk() from try_to_wake_up()
Assume the following code:
printk()
console_unlock()
up()
try_to_wake_up()
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&p->pi_lock, flags);
WARN_ON(1);
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&p->pi_lock, flags);
which now produces:
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 363 at kernel/sched/core.c:2028 try_to_wake_up
CPU: 3 PID: 363 Comm: bash
Call Trace:
warn_slowpath_null+0x1d/0x1f
try_to_wake_up+0x7f/0x4f7
wake_up_process+0x15/0x17
__up.isra.0+0x56/0x63
up+0x32/0x42
__up_console_sem+0x37/0x55
console_unlock+0x21e/0x4c2
vprintk_emit+0x41c/0x462
vprintk_default+0x1d/0x1f
printk+0x48/0x50
[..]
5) printk() from call_console_drivers()
Assume the following code:
printk()
console_unlock()
call_console_drivers()
...
WARN_ON(1);
which now produces:
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 2 PID: 305 at kernel/printk/printk.c:1604 call_console_drivers
CPU: 2 PID: 305 Comm: bash
Call Trace:
warn_slowpath_null+0x18/0x1a
call_console_drivers.isra.6.constprop.16+0x3a/0xb0
console_unlock+0x471/0x48e
vprintk_emit+0x1f4/0x206
vprintk_default+0x18/0x1a
vprintk_func+0x6e/0x70
printk+0x3e/0x46
[..]
6) unsupported placeholder in printk() format now prints an actual
warning from vscnprintf(), instead of
'BUG: recent printk recursion!'.
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 5 PID: 337 at lib/vsprintf.c:1900 format_decode
Please remove unsupported %
in format string
CPU: 5 PID: 337 Comm: bash
Call Trace:
dump_stack+0x4f/0x65
__warn+0xc2/0xdd
warn_slowpath_fmt+0x4b/0x53
format_decode+0x22c/0x308
vsnprintf+0x89/0x3b7
vscnprintf+0xd/0x26
vprintk_emit+0xb4/0x238
vprintk_default+0x1d/0x1f
vprintk_func+0x6c/0x73
printk+0x43/0x4b
[..]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161227141611.940-7-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Calvin Owens <calvinowens@fb.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Account lost messages in pritk-safe and printk-safe-nmi
contexts and report those numbers during printk_safe_flush().
The patch also moves lost message counter to struct
`printk_safe_seq_buf' instead of having dedicated static
counters - this simplifies the code.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161227141611.940-6-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Calvin Owens <calvinowens@fb.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Always use printk_deferred() in printk_safe_flush_line().
Flushing can be done from NMI or printk_safe contexts (when
we are in panic), so we can't call console drivers, yet still
want to store the messages in the logbuf buffer. Therefore we
use a deferred printk version.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170206164253.GA463@tigerII.localdomain
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Calvin Owens <calvinowens@fb.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
This patch extends the idea of NMI per-cpu buffers to regions
that may cause recursive printk() calls and possible deadlocks.
Namely, printk() can't handle printk calls from schedule code
or printk() calls from lock debugging code (spin_dump() for instance);
because those may be called with `sem->lock' already taken or any
other `critical' locks (p->pi_lock, etc.). An example of deadlock
can be
vprintk_emit()
console_unlock()
up() << raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags);
wake_up_process()
try_to_wake_up()
ttwu_queue()
ttwu_activate()
activate_task()
enqueue_task()
enqueue_task_fair()
cfs_rq_of()
task_of()
WARN_ON_ONCE(!entity_is_task(se))
vprintk_emit()
console_trylock()
down_trylock()
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&sem->lock, flags)
^^^^ deadlock
and some other cases.
Just like in NMI implementation, the solution uses a per-cpu
`printk_func' pointer to 'redirect' printk() calls to a 'safe'
callback, that store messages in a per-cpu buffer and flushes
them back to logbuf buffer later.
Usage example:
printk()
printk_safe_enter_irqsave(flags)
//
// any printk() call from here will endup in vprintk_safe(),
// that stores messages in a special per-CPU buffer.
//
printk_safe_exit_irqrestore(flags)
The 'redirection' mechanism, though, has been reworked, as suggested
by Petr Mladek. Instead of using a per-cpu @print_func callback we now
keep a per-cpu printk-context variable and call either default or nmi
vprintk function depending on its value. printk_nmi_entrer/exit and
printk_safe_enter/exit, thus, just set/celar corresponding bits in
printk-context functions.
The patch only adds printk_safe support, we don't use it yet.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161227141611.940-4-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Calvin Owens <calvinowens@fb.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
A preparation patch for printk_safe work. No functional change.
- rename nmi.c to print_safe.c
- add `printk_safe' prefix to some (which used both by printk-safe
and printk-nmi) of the exported functions.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161227141611.940-3-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Calvin Owens <calvinowens@fb.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
vprintk(), just like printk(), better be using per-cpu printk_func
instead of direct vprintk_emit() call. Just in case if vprintk()
will ever be called from NMI, or from any other context that can
deadlock in printk().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161227141611.940-2-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Calvin Owens <calvinowens@fb.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Hurley <peter@hurleysoftware.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
This was entirely automated, using the script by Al:
PATT='^[[:blank:]]*#[[:blank:]]*include[[:blank:]]*<asm/uaccess.h>'
sed -i -e "s!$PATT!#include <linux/uaccess.h>!" \
$(git grep -l "$PATT"|grep -v ^include/linux/uaccess.h)
to do the replacement at the end of the merge window.
Requested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull vfs updates from Al Viro:
- more ->d_init() stuff (work.dcache)
- pathname resolution cleanups (work.namei)
- a few missing iov_iter primitives - copy_from_iter_full() and
friends. Either copy the full requested amount, advance the iterator
and return true, or fail, return false and do _not_ advance the
iterator. Quite a few open-coded callers converted (and became more
readable and harder to fuck up that way) (work.iov_iter)
- several assorted patches, the big one being logfs removal
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
logfs: remove from tree
vfs: fix put_compat_statfs64() does not handle errors
namei: fold should_follow_link() with the step into not-followed link
namei: pass both WALK_GET and WALK_MORE to should_follow_link()
namei: invert WALK_PUT logics
namei: shift interpretation of LOOKUP_FOLLOW inside should_follow_link()
namei: saner calling conventions for mountpoint_last()
namei.c: get rid of user_path_parent()
switch getfrag callbacks to ..._full() primitives
make skb_add_data,{_nocache}() and skb_copy_to_page_nocache() advance only on success
[iov_iter] new primitives - copy_from_iter_full() and friends
don't open-code file_inode()
ceph: switch to use of ->d_init()
ceph: unify dentry_operations instances
lustre: switch to use of ->d_init()
If CONFIG_PRINTK=n:
kernel/printk/printk.c:1893: warning: ‘cont’ defined but not used
Note that there are actually two different struct cont definitions and
objects: the first one is used if CONFIG_PRINTK=y, the second one became
unused by removing console_cont_flush().
Fixes: 5c2992ee7f ("printk: remove console flushing special cases for partial buffered lines")
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Acked-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
[ I do the occasional "allnoconfig" builds, but apparently not often
enough - Linus ]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It actively hurts proper merging, and makes for a lot of special cases.
There was a good(ish) reason for doing it originally, but it's getting
too painful to maintain. And most of the original reasons for it are
long gone.
So instead of having special code to flush partial lines to the console
(as opposed to the record buffers), do _all_ the console writing from
the record buffer, and be done with it.
If an oops happens (or some other synchronous event), we will flush the
partial lines due to the oops printing activity, so this does not affect
that. It does mean that if you have a completely hung machine, a
partial preceding line may not have been printed out.
That was some of the original reason for this complexity, in fact, back
when we used to test for the historical i386 "halt" instruction problem
by doing
pr_info("Checking 'hlt' instruction... ");
if (!boot_cpu_data.hlt_works_ok) {
pr_cont("disabled\n");
return;
}
halt();
halt();
halt();
halt();
pr_cont("OK\n");
and that model no longer works (it the 'hlt' instruction kills the
machine, the partial line won't have been flushed, so you won't even see
it).
Of course, that was also back in the days when people actually had
textual console output rather than a graphical splash-screen at bootup.
How times change..
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Tested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Tested-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Tested-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The record logging code looks at the previous record flags in various
ways, and they are all wrong.
You can't use the previous record flags to determine anything about the
next record, because they may simply not be related. In particular, the
reason the previous record was a continuation record may well be exactly
_because_ the new record was printed by a different process, which is
why the previous record was flushed.
So all those games are simply wrong, and make the code hard to
understand (because the code fundamentally cdoes not make sense).
So remove it.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
kdb_trap_printk allows to pass normal printk() messages to kdb via
vkdb_printk(). For example, it is used to get backtrace using the
classic show_stack(), see kdb_show_stack().
vkdb_printf() tries to avoid a potential infinite loop by disabling the
trap. But this approach is racy, for example:
CPU1 CPU2
vkdb_printf()
// assume that kdb_trap_printk == 0
saved_trap_printk = kdb_trap_printk;
kdb_trap_printk = 0;
kdb_show_stack()
kdb_trap_printk++;
Problem1: Now, a nested printk() on CPU0 calls vkdb_printf()
even when it should have been disabled. It will not
cause a deadlock but...
// using the outdated saved value: 0
kdb_trap_printk = saved_trap_printk;
kdb_trap_printk--;
Problem2: Now, kdb_trap_printk == -1 and will stay like this.
It means that all messages will get passed to kdb from
now on.
This patch removes the racy saved_trap_printk handling. Instead, the
recursion is prevented by a check for the locked CPU.
The solution is still kind of racy. A non-related printk(), from
another process, might get trapped by vkdb_printf(). And the wanted
printk() might not get trapped because kdb_printf_cpu is assigned. But
this problem existed even with the original code.
A proper solution would be to get_cpu() before setting kdb_trap_printk
and trap messages only from this CPU. I am not sure if it is worth the
effort, though.
In fact, the race is very theoretical. When kdb is running any of the
commands that use kdb_trap_printk there is a single active CPU and the
other CPUs should be in a holding pen inside kgdb_cpu_enter().
The only time this is violated is when there is a timeout waiting for
the other CPUs to report to the holding pen.
Finally, note that the situation is a bit schizophrenic. vkdb_printf()
explicitly allows recursion but only from KDB code that calls
kdb_printf() directly. On the other hand, the generic printk()
recursion is not allowed because it might cause an infinite loop. This
is why we could not hide the decision inside vkdb_printf() easily.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1480412276-16690-4-git-send-email-pmladek@suse.com
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge updates from Andrew Morton:
- various misc bits
- most of MM (quite a lot of MM material is awaiting the merge of
linux-next dependencies)
- kasan
- printk updates
- procfs updates
- MAINTAINERS
- /lib updates
- checkpatch updates
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (123 commits)
init: reduce rootwait polling interval time to 5ms
binfmt_elf: use vmalloc() for allocation of vma_filesz
checkpatch: don't emit unified-diff error for rename-only patches
checkpatch: don't check c99 types like uint8_t under tools
checkpatch: avoid multiple line dereferences
checkpatch: don't check .pl files, improve absolute path commit log test
scripts/checkpatch.pl: fix spelling
checkpatch: don't try to get maintained status when --no-tree is given
lib/ida: document locking requirements a bit better
lib/rbtree.c: fix typo in comment of ____rb_erase_color
lib/Kconfig.debug: make CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM depend on CONFIG_DEVMEM
MAINTAINERS: add drm and drm/i915 irc channels
MAINTAINERS: add "C:" for URI for chat where developers hang out
MAINTAINERS: add drm and drm/i915 bug filing info
MAINTAINERS: add "B:" for URI where to file bugs
get_maintainer: look for arbitrary letter prefixes in sections
printk: add Kconfig option to set default console loglevel
printk/sound: handle more message headers
printk/btrfs: handle more message headers
printk/kdb: handle more message headers
...
Pull smp hotplug updates from Thomas Gleixner:
"This is the final round of converting the notifier mess to the state
machine. The removal of the notifiers and the related infrastructure
will happen around rc1, as there are conversions outstanding in other
trees.
The whole exercise removed about 2000 lines of code in total and in
course of the conversion several dozen bugs got fixed. The new
mechanism allows to test almost every hotplug step standalone, so
usage sites can exercise all transitions extensively.
There is more room for improvement, like integrating all the
pointlessly different architecture mechanisms of synchronizing,
setting cpus online etc into the core code"
* 'smp-hotplug-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (60 commits)
tracing/rb: Init the CPU mask on allocation
soc/fsl/qbman: Convert to hotplug state machine
soc/fsl/qbman: Convert to hotplug state machine
zram: Convert to hotplug state machine
KVM/PPC/Book3S HV: Convert to hotplug state machine
arm64/cpuinfo: Convert to hotplug state machine
arm64/cpuinfo: Make hotplug notifier symmetric
mm/compaction: Convert to hotplug state machine
iommu/vt-d: Convert to hotplug state machine
mm/zswap: Convert pool to hotplug state machine
mm/zswap: Convert dst-mem to hotplug state machine
mm/zsmalloc: Convert to hotplug state machine
mm/vmstat: Convert to hotplug state machine
mm/vmstat: Avoid on each online CPU loops
mm/vmstat: Drop get_online_cpus() from init_cpu_node_state/vmstat_cpu_dead()
tracing/rb: Convert to hotplug state machine
oprofile/nmi timer: Convert to hotplug state machine
net/iucv: Use explicit clean up labels in iucv_init()
x86/pci/amd-bus: Convert to hotplug state machine
x86/oprofile/nmi: Convert to hotplug state machine
...
Commit 4bcc595ccd ("printk: reinstate KERN_CONT for printing
continuation lines") added back KERN_CONT message header. As a result
it might appear in the middle of the line when the parts are squashed
via the temporary NMI buffer.
A reasonable solution seems to be to split the text in the NNI temporary
not only by newlines but also by the message headers.
Another solution would be to filter out KERN_CONT when writing to the
temporary buffer. But this would complicate the lockless handling.
Also it would not solve problems with a missing newline that was there
even before the KERN_CONT stuff.
This patch moves the temporary buffer handling into separate function.
I played with it and it seems that using the char pointers make the code
easier to read.
Also it prints the final newline as a continuous line.
Finally, it moves handling of the s->len overflow into the paranoid
check. And allows to recover from the disaster.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1478695291-12169-2-git-send-email-pmladek@suse.com
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Cc: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Cc: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Cc: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
vsnprintf() adds the trailing '\0' but it does not count it into the
number of printed characters. The result is that there is one byte less
space for the real characters in the buffer.
The broken check for the free space might cause that we will repeatedly
try to print 1 character into the buffer, never reach the full buffer,
and do not count the messages as missed.
Also vsnprintf() returns the number of characters that would be printed
if the buffer was big enough. As a result, s->len might be bigger than
the size of the buffer[*]. And the printk() function might return
bigger len than it really printed. Both problems are fixed by using
vscnprintf() instead.
Note that I though about increasing the number of missed messages even
when the message was shrunken. But it made the code even more
complicated. I think that it is not worth it. Shrunken messages are
usually easy to recognize. And it should be a corner case.
[*] The overflown s->len value is crazy and unexpected. I "made a
mistake" and reported this situation as an internal error when fixed
handling of PR_CONT headers in some other patch.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161208174912.GA17042@linux.suse
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
CcL Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Cc: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Cc: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
copy_from_iter_full(), copy_from_iter_full_nocache() and
csum_and_copy_from_iter_full() - counterparts of copy_from_iter()
et.al., advancing iterator only in case of successful full copy
and returning whether it had been successful or not.
Convert some obvious users. *NOTE* - do not blindly assume that
something is a good candidate for those unless you are sure that
not advancing iov_iter in failure case is the right thing in
this case. Anything that does short read/short write kind of
stuff (or is in a loop, etc.) is unlikely to be a good one.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
The recent conversion of the console hotplug notifier to the state machine
missed the fact, that the notifier only operated on the non frozen
transitions. As a consequence the console_lock/unlock() pair is also
invoked during suspend, which results in a lockdep warning.
Restore the previous state by making the lock/unlock conditional on
!tasks_frozen.
Fixes: 90b14889d2 ("kernel/printk: Convert to hotplug state machine")
Reported-and-tested-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.20.1611171729320.3645@nanos
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
This reverts commit bfd8d3f23b.
It turns out that this flushes things much too aggressiverly, and causes
lines to break up when the system logger races with new continuation
lines being printed.
There's a pending patch to make printk() flushing much more
straightforward, but it's too invasive for 4.9, so in the meantime let's
just not make the system message logging flush continuation lines.
They'll be flushed by the final newline anyway.
Suggested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This reverts commit 05fd007e46 ("console: don't prefer first
registered if DT specifies stdout-path").
The reverted commit changes existing behavior on which many ARM boards
rely. Many ARM small-board-computers, like e.g. the Raspberry Pi have
both a video output and a serial console. Depending on whether the user
is using the device as a more regular computer; or as a headless device
we need to have the console on either one or the other.
Many users rely on the kernel behavior of the console being present on
both outputs, before the reverted commit the console setup with no
console= kernel arguments on an ARM board which sets stdout-path in dt
would look like this:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/consoles
ttyS0 -W- (EC p a) 4:64
tty0 -WU (E p ) 4:1
Where as after the reverted commit, it looks like this:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/consoles
ttyS0 -W- (EC p a) 4:64
This commit reverts commit 05fd007e46 ("console: don't prefer first
registered if DT specifies stdout-path") restoring the original
behavior.
Fixes: 05fd007e46 ("console: don't prefer first registered if DT specifies stdout-path")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161104121135.4780-2-hdegoede@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Burton <paul.burton@imgtec.com>
Cc: Rob Herring <robh+dt@kernel.org>
Cc: Frank Rowand <frowand.list@gmail.com>
Cc: Thorsten Leemhuis <regressions@leemhuis.info>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Install the callbacks via the state machine.
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: rt@linutronix.de
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161103145021.28528-3-bigeasy@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
We have a fairly common pattern where you print several things as
continuations on one single line in a loop, and then at the end you do
printk(KERN_CONT "\n");
to flush the buffered output.
But if the output was flushed by something else (concurrent printk
activity, or just system logging), we don't want that final flushing to
just print an empty line.
So just suppress empty continuation lines when they couldn't be merged
into the line they are a continuation of.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge my system logging cleanups, triggered by the broken '\n' patches.
The line continuation handling has been broken basically forever, and
the code to handle the system log records was both confusing and
dubious. And it would do entirely the wrong thing unless you always had
a terminating newline, partly because it couldn't actually see whether a
message was marked KERN_CONT or not (but partly because the LOG_CONT
handling in the recording code was rather confusing too).
This re-introduces a real semantically meaningful KERN_CONT, and fixes
the few places I noticed where it was missing. There are probably more
missing cases, since KERN_CONT hasn't actually had any semantic meaning
for at least four years (other than the checkpatch meaning of "no log
level necessary, this is a continuation line").
This also allows the combination of KERN_CONT and a log level. In that
case the log level will be ignored if the merging with a previous line
is successful, but if a new record is needed, that new record will now
get the right log level.
That also means that you can at least in theory combine KERN_CONT with
the "pr_info()" style helpers, although any use of pr_fmt() prefixing
would make that just result in a mess, of course (the prefix would end
up in the middle of a continuing line).
* printk-cleanups:
printk: make reading the kernel log flush pending lines
printk: re-organize log_output() to be more legible
printk: split out core logging code into helper function
printk: reinstate KERN_CONT for printing continuation lines
That will mean that any possible subsequent continuation will now be
broken up onto a line of its own (since reading the log has finalized
the beginning og the line), but if user space has activated system
logging (or if there's a kernel message dump going on) that is the right
thing to do.
And now that we actually get the continuation flags _right_ for this
all, the user space logger that is reading the kernel messages can
actually see the continuation marker. Not that anybody seems to really
bother with it (or care), but in theory user space can do its own
message stitching.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Avoid some duplicate logic now that we can return early, and update the
comments for the new LOG_CONT world order.
This also stops the continuation flushing from just using random record
flags for the flushing action, instead taking the flags from the proper
original line and updating them as we add continuations to it.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The code that actually decides how to log the message (whether to put it
directly into the record log, whether to append it to an existing
buffered log, or whether to start a new buffered log) is fairly
non-obvious code in the middle of the vprintk_emit() function.
Splitting that code up into a helper function makes it easier to
understand, but perhaps more importantly also allows for the code to
just return early out of the helper function once it has made the
decision about where the new log content goes.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Long long ago the kernel log buffer was a buffered stream of bytes, very
much like stdio in user space. It supported log levels by scanning the
stream and noticing the log level markers at the beginning of each line,
but if you wanted to print a partial line in multiple chunks, you just
did multiple printk() calls, and it just automatically worked.
Except when it didn't, and you had very confusing output when different
lines got all mixed up with each other. Then you got fragment lines
mixing with each other, or with non-fragment lines, because it was
traditionally impossible to tell whether a printk() call was a
continuation or not.
To at least help clarify the issue of continuation lines, we added a
KERN_CONT marker back in 2007 to mark continuation lines:
4749252776 ("printk: add KERN_CONT annotation").
That continuation marker was initially an empty string, and didn't
actuall make any semantic difference. But it at least made it possible
to annotate the source code, and have check-patch notice that a printk()
didn't need or want a log level marker, because it was a continuation of
a previous line.
To avoid the ambiguity between a continuation line that had that
KERN_CONT marker, and a printk with no level information at all, we then
in 2009 made KERN_CONT be a real log level marker which meant that we
could now reliably tell the difference between the two cases.
5fd29d6ccb ("printk: clean up handling of log-levels and newlines")
and we could take advantage of that to make sure we didn't mix up
continuation lines with lines that just didn't have any loglevel at all.
Then, in 2012, the kernel log buffer was changed to be a "record" based
log, where each line was a record that has a loglevel and a timestamp.
You can see the beginning of that conversion in commits
e11fea92e1 ("kmsg: export printk records to the /dev/kmsg interface")
7ff9554bb5 ("printk: convert byte-buffer to variable-length record buffer")
with a number of follow-up commits to fix some painful fallout from that
conversion. Over all, it took a couple of months to sort out most of
it. But the upside was that you could have concurrent readers (and
writers) of the kernel log and not have lines with mixed output in them.
And one particular pain-point for the record-based kernel logging was
exactly the fragmentary lines that are generated in smaller chunks. In
order to still log them as one recrod, the continuation lines need to be
attached to the previous record properly.
However the explicit continuation record marker that is actually useful
for this exact case was actually removed in aroundm the same time by commit
61e99ab8e3 ("printk: remove the now unnecessary "C" annotation for KERN_CONT")
due to the incorrect belief that KERN_CONT wasn't meaningful. The
ambiguity between "is this a continuation line" or "is this a plain
printk with no log level information" was reintroduced, and in fact
became an even bigger pain point because there was now the whole
record-level merging of kernel messages going on.
This patch reinstates the KERN_CONT as a real non-empty string marker,
so that the ambiguity is fixed once again.
But it's not a plain revert of that original removal: in the four years
since we made KERN_CONT an empty string again, not only has the format
of the log level markers changed, we've also had some usage changes in
this area.
For example, some ACPI code seems to use KERN_CONT _together_ with a log
level, and now uses both the KERN_CONT marker and (for example) a
KERN_INFO marker to show that it's an informational continuation of a
line.
Which is actually not a bad idea - if the continuation line cannot be
attached to its predecessor, without the log level information we don't
know what log level to assign to it (and we traditionally just assigned
it the default loglevel). So having both a log level and the KERN_CONT
marker is not necessarily a bad idea, but it does mean that we need to
actually iterate over potentially multiple markers, rather than just a
single one.
Also, since KERN_CONT was still conceptually needed, and encouraged, but
didn't actually _do_ anything, we've also had the reverse problem:
rather than having too many annotations it has too few, and there is bit
rot with code that no longer marks the continuation lines with the
KERN_CONT marker.
So this patch not only re-instates the non-empty KERN_CONT marker, it
also fixes up the cases of bit-rot I noticed in my own logs.
There are probably other cases where KERN_CONT will be needed to be
added, either because it is new code that never dealt with the need for
KERN_CONT, or old code that has bitrotted without anybody noticing.
That said, we should strive to avoid the need for KERN_CONT. It does
result in real problems for logging, and should generally not be seen as
a good feature. If we some day can get rid of the feature entirely,
because nobody does any fragmented printk calls, that would be lovely.
But until that point, let's at mark the code that relies on the hacky
multi-fragment kernel printk's. Not only does it avoid the ambiguity,
it also annotates code as "maybe this would be good to fix some day".
(That said, particularly during single-threaded bootup, the downsides of
KERN_CONT are very limited. Things get much hairier when you have
multiple threads going on and user level reading and writing logs too).
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If a device tree specifies a preferred device for kernel console output
via the stdout-path or linux,stdout-path chosen node properties or the
stdout alias then the kernel ought to honor it & output the kernel
console to that device. As it stands, this isn't the case. Whilst we
parse the stdout-path properties & set an of_stdout variable from
of_alias_scan(), and use that from of_console_check() to determine
whether to add a console device as a preferred console whilst
registering it, we also prefer the first registered console if no other
has been selected at the time of its registration.
This means that if a console other than the one the device tree selects
via stdout-path is registered first, we will switch to using it & when
the stdout-path console is later registered the call to
add_preferred_console() via of_console_check() is too late to do
anything useful. In practice this seems to mean that we switch to the
dummy console device fairly early & see no further console output:
Console: colour dummy device 80x25
console [tty0] enabled
bootconsole [ns16550a0] disabled
Fix this by not automatically preferring the first registered console if
one is specified by the device tree. This allows consoles to be
registered but not enabled, and once the driver for the console selected
by stdout-path calls of_console_check() the driver will be added to the
list of preferred consoles before any other console has been enabled.
When that console is then registered via register_console() it will be
enabled as expected.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160809151937.26118-1-paul.burton@imgtec.com
Signed-off-by: Paul Burton <paul.burton@imgtec.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Paul Burton <paul.burton@imgtec.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Cc: Ivan Delalande <colona@arista.com>
Cc: Thierry Reding <treding@nvidia.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.com>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Rob Herring <robh+dt@kernel.org>
Cc: Frank Rowand <frowand.list@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__printk_nmi_flush() can be called from nmi_panic(), therefore it has to
test whether it's executed in NMI context and thus must route the
messages through deferred printk() or via direct printk().
This is to avoid potential deadlocks, as described in commit
cf9b1106c8 ("printk/nmi: flush NMI messages on the system panic").
However there remain two places where __printk_nmi_flush() does
unconditional direct printk() calls:
- pr_err("printk_nmi_flush: internal error ...")
- pr_cont("\n")
Factor out print_nmi_seq_line() parts into a new printk_nmi_flush_line()
function, which takes care of in_nmi(), and use it in
__printk_nmi_flush() for printing and error-reporting.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160830161354.581-1-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit bbeddf52ad ("printk: move braille console support into separate
braille.[ch] files") moved the parsing of braille-related options into
_braille_console_setup(), changing the type of variable str from char*
to char**. In this commit, memcmp(str, "brl,", 4) was correctly updated
to memcmp(*str, "brl,", 4) but not memcmp(str, "brl=", 4).
Update the code to make "brl=" option work again and replace memcmp()
with strncmp() to make the compiler able to detect such an issue.
Fixes: bbeddf52ad ("printk: move braille console support into separate braille.[ch] files")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160823165700.28952-1-nicolas.iooss_linux@m4x.org
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Iooss <nicolas.iooss_linux@m4x.org>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This reverts commit 874f9c7da9.
Geert Uytterhoeven reports:
"This change seems to have an (unintendent?) side-effect.
Before, pr_*() calls without a trailing newline characters would be
printed with a newline character appended, both on the console and in
the output of the dmesg command.
After this commit, no new line character is appended, and the output
of the next pr_*() call of the same type may be appended, like in:
- Truncating RAM at 0x0000000040000000-0x00000000c0000000 to -0x0000000070000000
- Ignoring RAM at 0x0000000200000000-0x0000000240000000 (!CONFIG_HIGHMEM)
+ Truncating RAM at 0x0000000040000000-0x00000000c0000000 to -0x0000000070000000Ignoring RAM at 0x0000000200000000-0x0000000240000000 (!CONFIG_HIGHMEM)"
Joe Perches says:
"No, that is not intentional.
The newline handling code inside vprintk_emit is a bit involved and
for now I suggest a revert until this has all the same behavior as
earlier"
Reported-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Requested-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In commit 874f9c7da9 ("printk: create pr_<level> functions"), new
pr_level defines were added to printk.c.
These new defines are guarded by an #ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK - however,
there is already a surrounding #ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK starting a lot
earlier in line 249 which means the newly introduced #ifdef is
unnecessary.
Let's remove it to avoid confusion.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Ziegler <andreas.ziegler@fau.de>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a "printk.devkmsg" kernel command line parameter which controls how
userspace writes into /dev/kmsg. It has three options:
* ratelimit - ratelimit logging from userspace.
* on - unlimited logging from userspace
* off - logging from userspace gets ignored
The default setting is to ratelimit the messages written to it.
This changes the kernel default setting of "on" to "ratelimit" and we do
that because we want to keep userspace spamming /dev/kmsg to sane
levels. This is especially moot when a small kernel log buffer wraps
around and messages get lost. So the ratelimiting setting should be a
sane setting where kernel messages should have a bit higher chance of
survival from all the spamming.
It additionally does not limit logging to /dev/kmsg while the system is
booting if we haven't disabled it on the command line.
Furthermore, we can control the logging from a lower priority sysctl
interface - kernel.printk_devkmsg.
That interface will succeed only if printk.devkmsg *hasn't* been
supplied on the command line. If it has, then printk.devkmsg is a
one-time setting which remains for the duration of the system lifetime.
This "locking" of the setting is to prevent userspace from changing the
logging on us through sysctl(2).
This patch is based on previous patches from Linus and Steven.
[bp@suse.de: fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160719072344.GC25563@nazgul.tnic
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160716061745.15795-3-bp@alien8.de
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Franck Bui <fbui@suse.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
asm-generic headers are generic implementations for architecture
specific code and should not be included by common code. Thus use the
asm/ version of sections.h to get at the linker sections.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468285008-7331-1-git-send-email-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Messages' levels and console log level are inspected when the actual
printing occurs, which may provoke console_unlock() and
console_cont_flush() to waste CPU cycles on every message that has
loglevel above the current console_loglevel.
Schematically, console_unlock() does the following:
console_unlock()
{
...
for (;;) {
...
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&logbuf_lock, flags);
skip:
msg = log_from_idx(console_idx);
if (msg->flags & LOG_NOCONS) {
...
goto skip;
}
level = msg->level;
len += msg_print_text(); >> sprintfs
memcpy,
etc.
if (nr_ext_console_drivers) {
ext_len = msg_print_ext_header(); >> scnprintf
ext_len += msg_print_ext_body(); >> scnprintfs
etc.
}
...
raw_spin_unlock(&logbuf_lock);
call_console_drivers(level, ext_text, ext_len, text, len)
{
if (level >= console_loglevel && >> drop the message
!ignore_loglevel)
return;
console->write(...);
}
local_irq_restore(flags);
}
...
}
The thing here is this deferred `level >= console_loglevel' check. We
are wasting CPU cycles on sprintfs/memcpy/etc. preparing the messages
that we will eventually drop.
This can be huge when we register a new CON_PRINTBUFFER console, for
instance. For every such a console register_console() resets the
console_seq, console_idx, console_prev
and sets a `exclusive console' pointer to replay the log buffer to that
just-registered console. And there can be a lot of messages to replay,
in the worst case most of which can be dropped after console_loglevel
test.
We know messages' levels long before we call msg_print_text() and
friends, so we can just move console_loglevel check out of
call_console_drivers() and format a new message only if we are sure that
it won't be dropped.
The patch factors out loglevel check into suppress_message_printing()
function and tests message->level and console_loglevel before formatting
functions in console_unlock() and console_cont_flush() are getting
executed. This improves things not only for exclusive CON_PRINTBUFFER
consoles, but for every console_unlock() that attempts to print a
message of level above the console_loglevel.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160627135012.8229-1-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Calvin Owens <calvinowens@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Using functions instead of macros can reduce overall code size by
eliminating unnecessary "KERN_SOH<digit>" prefixes from format strings.
defconfig x86-64:
$ size vmlinux*
text data bss dec hex filename
10193570 4331464 1105920 15630954 ee826a vmlinux.new
10192623 4335560 1105920 15634103 ee8eb7 vmlinux.old
As the return value are unimportant and unused in the kernel tree, these
new functions return void.
Miscellanea:
- change pr_<level> macros to call new __pr_<level> functions
- change vprintk_nmi and vprintk_default to add LOGLEVEL_<level> argument
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix LOGLEVEL_INFO, per Joe]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/e16cc34479dfefcae37c98b481e6646f0f69efc3.1466718827.git.joe@perches.com
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A trivial cosmetic change: interrupt.h header is redundant since commit
6b898c07cb ("console: use might_sleep in console_lock").
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160620132847.21930-1-sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We currently show:
task: <current> ti: <current_thread_info()> task.ti: <task_thread_info(current)>"
"ti" and "task.ti" are redundant, and neither is actually what we want
to show, which the the base of the thread stack. Change the display to
show the stack pointer explicitly.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/543ac5bd66ff94000a57a02e11af7239571a3055.1468523549.git.luto@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In NMI context, printk() messages are stored into per-CPU buffers to
avoid a possible deadlock. They are normally flushed to the main ring
buffer via an IRQ work. But the work is never called when the system
calls panic() in the very same NMI handler.
This patch tries to flush NMI buffers before the crash dump is
generated. In this case it does not risk a double release and bails out
when the logbuf_lock is already taken. The aim is to get the messages
into the main ring buffer when possible. It makes them better
accessible in the vmcore.
Then the patch tries to flush the buffers second time when other CPUs
are down. It might be more aggressive and reset logbuf_lock. The aim
is to get the messages available for the consequent kmsg_dump() and
console_flush_on_panic() calls.
The patch causes vprintk_emit() to be called even in NMI context again.
But it is done via printk_deferred() so that the console handling is
skipped. Consoles use internal locks and we could not prevent a
deadlock easily. They are explicitly called later when the crash dump
is not generated, see console_flush_on_panic().
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Testing has shown that the backtrace sometimes does not fit into the 4kB
temporary buffer that is used in NMI context. The warnings are gone
when I double the temporary buffer size.
This patch doubles the buffer size and makes it configurable.
Note that this problem existed even in the x86-specific implementation
that was added by the commit a9edc88093 ("x86/nmi: Perform a safe NMI
stack trace on all CPUs"). Nobody noticed it because it did not print
any warnings.
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We could not resize the temporary buffer in NMI context. Let's warn if
a message is lost.
This is rather theoretical. printk() should not be used in NMI. The
only sensible use is when we want to print backtrace from all CPUs. The
current buffer should be enough for this purpose.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: whitespace fixlet]
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
printk() takes some locks and could not be used a safe way in NMI
context.
The chance of a deadlock is real especially when printing stacks from
all CPUs. This particular problem has been addressed on x86 by the
commit a9edc88093 ("x86/nmi: Perform a safe NMI stack trace on all
CPUs").
The patchset brings two big advantages. First, it makes the NMI
backtraces safe on all architectures for free. Second, it makes all NMI
messages almost safe on all architectures (the temporary buffer is
limited. We still should keep the number of messages in NMI context at
minimum).
Note that there already are several messages printed in NMI context:
WARN_ON(in_nmi()), BUG_ON(in_nmi()), anything being printed out from MCE
handlers. These are not easy to avoid.
This patch reuses most of the code and makes it generic. It is useful
for all messages and architectures that support NMI.
The alternative printk_func is set when entering and is reseted when
leaving NMI context. It queues IRQ work to copy the messages into the
main ring buffer in a safe context.
__printk_nmi_flush() copies all available messages and reset the buffer.
Then we could use a simple cmpxchg operations to get synchronized with
writers. There is also used a spinlock to get synchronized with other
flushers.
We do not longer use seq_buf because it depends on external lock. It
would be hard to make all supported operations safe for a lockless use.
It would be confusing and error prone to make only some operations safe.
The code is put into separate printk/nmi.c as suggested by Steven
Rostedt. It needs a per-CPU buffer and is compiled only on
architectures that call nmi_enter(). This is achieved by the new
HAVE_NMI Kconfig flag.
The are MN10300 and Xtensa architectures. We need to clean up NMI
handling there first. Let's do it separately.
The patch is heavily based on the draft from Peter Zijlstra, see
https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/6/10/327
[arnd@arndb.de: printk-nmi: use %zu format string for size_t]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: min_t->min - all types are size_t here]
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk> [arm part]
Cc: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This allows us to extract from the vmcore only the messages emitted
since the last time the ring buffer was cleared. We just have to make
sure its value is always up-to-date, when old messages are discarded to
free space in log_make_free_space() for example.
Signed-off-by: Zeyu Zhao <zzy8200@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ivan Delalande <colona@arista.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>
Cc: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
have_callable_console() must also test CON_ENABLED bit, not just
CON_ANYTIME. We may have disabled CON_ANYTIME console so printk can
wrongly assume that it's safe to call_console_drivers().
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@codemonkey.org.uk>
Cc: Calvin Owens <calvinowens@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
console_unlock() allows to cond_resched() if its caller has set
`console_may_schedule' to 1, since 8d91f8b153 ("printk: do
cond_resched() between lines while outputting to consoles").
The rules are:
-- console_lock() always sets `console_may_schedule' to 1
-- console_trylock() always sets `console_may_schedule' to 0
However, console_trylock() callers (among them is printk()) do not
always call printk() from atomic contexts, and some of them can
cond_resched() in console_unlock(), so console_trylock() can set
`console_may_schedule' to 1 for such processes.
For !CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT kernels, however, console_trylock() always
sets `console_may_schedule' to 0.
It's possible to drop explicit preempt_disable()/preempt_enable() in
vprintk_emit(), because console_unlock() and console_trylock() are now
smart enough:
a) console_unlock() does not cond_resched() when it's unsafe
(console_trylock() takes care of that)
b) console_unlock() does can_use_console() check.
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@codemonkey.org.uk>
Cc: Calvin Owens <calvinowens@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
console_unlock() allows to cond_resched() if its caller has set
`console_may_schedule' to 1 (this functionality is present since
8d91f8b153 ("printk: do cond_resched() between lines while outputting
to consoles").
The rules are:
-- console_lock() always sets `console_may_schedule' to 1
-- console_trylock() always sets `console_may_schedule' to 0
printk() calls console_unlock() with preemption desabled, which
basically can lead to RCU stalls, watchdog soft lockups, etc. if
something is simultaneously calling printk() frequent enough (IOW,
console_sem owner always has new data to send to console divers and
can't leave console_unlock() for a long time).
printk()->console_trylock() callers do not necessarily execute in atomic
contexts, and some of them can cond_resched() in console_unlock().
console_trylock() can set `console_may_schedule' to 1 (allow
cond_resched() later in consoe_unlock()) when it's safe.
This patch (of 3):
vprintk_emit() disables preemption around console_trylock_for_printk()
and console_unlock() calls for a strong reason -- can_use_console()
check. The thing is that vprintl_emit() can be called on a CPU that is
not fully brought up yet (!cpu_online()), which potentially can cause
problems if console driver wants to access per-cpu data. A console
driver can explicitly state that it's safe to call it from !online cpu
by setting CON_ANYTIME bit in console ->flags. That's why for
!cpu_online() can_use_console() iterates all the console to find out if
there is a CON_ANYTIME console, otherwise console_unlock() must be
avoided.
can_use_console() ensures that console_unlock() call is safe in
vprintk_emit() only; console_lock() and console_trylock() are not
covered by this check. Even though call_console_drivers(), invoked from
console_cont_flush() and console_unlock(), tests `!cpu_online() &&
CON_ANYTIME' for_each_console(), it may be too late, which can result in
messages loss.
Assume that we have 2 cpus -- CPU0 is online, CPU1 is !online, and no
CON_ANYTIME consoles available.
CPU0 online CPU1 !online
console_trylock()
...
console_unlock()
console_cont_flush
spin_lock logbuf_lock
if (!cont.len) {
spin_unlock logbuf_lock
return
}
for (;;) {
vprintk_emit
spin_lock logbuf_lock
log_store
spin_unlock logbuf_lock
spin_lock logbuf_lock
!console_trylock_for_printk msg_print_text
return console_idx = log_next()
console_seq++
console_prev = msg->flags
spin_unlock logbuf_lock
call_console_drivers()
for_each_console(con) {
if (!cpu_online() &&
!(con->flags & CON_ANYTIME))
continue;
}
/*
* no message printed, we lost it
*/
vprintk_emit
spin_lock logbuf_lock
log_store
spin_unlock logbuf_lock
!console_trylock_for_printk
return
/*
* go to the beginning of the loop,
* find out there are new messages,
* lose it
*/
}
console_trylock()/console_lock() call on CPU1 may come from cpu
notifiers registered on that CPU. Since notifiers are not getting
unregistered when CPU is going DOWN, all of the notifiers receive
notifications during CPU UP. For example, on my x86_64, I see around 50
notification sent from offline CPU to itself
[swapper/2] from cpu:2 to:2 action:CPU_STARTING hotplug_hrtick
[swapper/2] from cpu:2 to:2 action:CPU_STARTING blk_mq_main_cpu_notify
[swapper/2] from cpu:2 to:2 action:CPU_STARTING blk_mq_queue_reinit_notify
[swapper/2] from cpu:2 to:2 action:CPU_STARTING console_cpu_notify
while doing
echo 0 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu2/online
echo 1 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu2/online
So grabbing the console_sem lock while CPU is !online is possible,
in theory.
This patch moves can_use_console() check out of
console_trylock_for_printk(). Instead it calls it in console_unlock(),
so now console_lock()/console_unlock() are also 'protected' by
can_use_console(). This also means that console_trylock_for_printk() is
not really needed anymore and can be removed.
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@kernel.org>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@codemonkey.org.uk>
Cc: Calvin Owens <calvinowens@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On architectures that have support for efficient unaligned access struct
printk_log has 4-byte alignment. Specify alignment attribute in type
declaration.
The whole point of this patch is to fix deadlock which happening when
UBSAN detects unaligned access in printk() thus UBSAN recursively calls
printk() with logbuf_lock held by top printk() call.
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Yury Gribov <y.gribov@samsung.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
`recursion_bug' is used as recursion_bug toggle, so make it `bool'.
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
