Commit Graph

37 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Lance Roy
f2c4689640 srcu: Implement more-efficient reader counts
SRCU uses two per-cpu counters: a nesting counter to count the number of
active critical sections, and a sequence counter to ensure that the nesting
counters don't change while they are being added together in
srcu_readers_active_idx_check().

This patch instead uses per-cpu lock and unlock counters. Because both
counters only increase and srcu_readers_active_idx_check() reads the unlock
counter before the lock counter, this achieves the same end without having
to increment two different counters in srcu_read_lock(). This also saves a
smp_mb() in srcu_readers_active_idx_check().

Possible bug: There is no guarantee that the lock counter won't overflow
during srcu_readers_active_idx_check(), as there are no memory barriers
around srcu_flip() (see comment in srcu_readers_active_idx_check() for
details). However, this problem was already present before this patch.

Suggested-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Lance Roy <ldr709@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2017-01-25 12:53:20 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
9de630c4f2 rcu: Document unique-name limitation for DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU()
SRCU uses per-CPU variables, and DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU() uses a static
per-CPU variable.  However, per-CPU variables have significant
restrictions, for example, names of per-CPU variables must be globally
unique, even if declared static.  These restrictions carry over to
DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(), and this commit therefore documents these
restrictions.

Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Suggested-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2016-02-23 19:59:55 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
49f5903b47 rcu: Move preemption disabling out of __srcu_read_lock()
Currently, __srcu_read_lock() cannot be invoked from restricted
environments because it contains calls to preempt_disable() and
preempt_enable(), both of which can invoke lockdep, which is a bad
idea in some restricted execution modes.  This commit therefore moves
the preempt_disable() and preempt_enable() from __srcu_read_lock()
to srcu_read_lock().  It also inserts the preempt_disable() and
preempt_enable() around the call to __srcu_read_lock() in do_exit().

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2015-10-06 11:15:43 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
b826565aaf rcu: Reverse rcu_dereference_check() conditions
The rcu_dereference_check() family of primitives evaluates the RCU
lockdep expression first, and only then evaluates the expression passed
in.  This works fine normally, but can potentially fail in environments
(such as NMI handlers) where lockdep cannot be invoked.  The problem is
that even if the expression passed in is "1", the compiler would need to
prove that the RCU lockdep expression (rcu_read_lock_held(), for example)
is free of side effects in order to be able to elide it.  Given that
rcu_read_lock_held() is sometimes separately compiled, the compiler cannot
always use this optimization.

This commit therefore reverse the order of evaluation, so that the
expression passed in is evaluated first, and the RCU lockdep expression is
evaluated only if the passed-in expression evaluated to false, courtesy
of the C-language short-circuit boolean evaluation rules.  This compells
the compiler to forego executing the RCU lockdep expression in cases
where the passed-in expression evaluates to "1" at compile time, so that
(for example) rcu_dereference_raw() can be guaranteed to execute safely
within an NMI handler.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
2015-03-03 11:16:47 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
9735af5c78 rcu: Combine DEFINE_SRCU() and DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU()
The DEFINE_SRCU() and DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU() definitions are quite
similar, so this commit combines them, saving a bit of code and removing
redundancy.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2015-01-06 11:04:27 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
a5c198f4f7 rcu: Expand SRCU ->completed to 64 bits
When rcutorture used only the low-order 32 bits of the grace-period
number, it was not a problem for SRCU to use a 32-bit completed field.
However, rcutorture now uses the full 64 bits on 64-bit systems, so
this commit converts SRCU's ->completed field to unsigned long so as to
provide 64 bits on 64-bit systems.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2015-01-06 11:04:26 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
87de1cfdc5 rcu: Stop tracking FSF's postal address
All of the RCU source files have the usual GPL header, which contains a
long-obsolete postal address for FSF.  To avoid the need to track the
FSF office's movements, this commit substitutes the URL where GPL may
be found.

Reported-by: Greg KH <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reported-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2014-02-17 15:01:37 -08:00
Michael S. Tsirkin
ce332f662d srcu: API for barrier after srcu read unlock
srcu read lock/unlock include a full memory barrier
but that's an implementation detail.
Add an API for make memory fencing explicit for
users that need this barrier, to make sure we
can change it as needed without breaking all users.

Acked-by: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
2013-11-06 09:32:09 +02:00
Paul E. McKenney
99f88919f8 rcu: Remove srcu_read_lock_raw() and srcu_read_unlock_raw().
These interfaces never did get used, so this commit removes them,
their rcutorture tests, and documentation referencing them.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2013-06-10 13:45:25 -07:00
Lai Jiangshan
511a0868be srcu: Remove checks preventing idle CPUs from calling srcu_read_lock()
SRCU has its own statemachine and no longer relies on normal RCU.
Its read-side critical section can now be used by an offline CPU, so this
commit removes the check and the comments, reverting the SRCU portion
of ff195cb6 (rcu: Warn when srcu_read_lock() is used in an extended
quiescent state).

It also makes the codes match the comments in whatisRCU.txt:

g.	Do you need read-side critical sections that are respected
	even though they are in the middle of the idle loop, during
	user-mode execution, or on an offlined CPU?  If so, SRCU is the
	only choice that will work for you.

[ paulmck: There is at least one remaining issue, namely use of lockdep
	   with tracing enabled. ]

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2013-02-07 15:15:00 -08:00
Lai Jiangshan
3bc97a782c srcu: Remove checks preventing offline CPUs from calling srcu_read_lock()
SRCU has its own statemachine and no longer relies on normal RCU.
Its read-side critical section can now be used by an offline CPU, so this
commit removes the check and the comments, reverting the SRCU portion
of c0d6d01b (rcu: Check for illegal use of RCU from offlined CPUs).

It also makes the code match the comments in whatisRCU.txt:

g.	Do you need read-side critical sections that are respected
	even though they are in the middle of the idle loop, during
	user-mode execution, or on an offlined CPU?  If so, SRCU is the
	only choice that will work for you.

[ paulmck: There is at least one remaining issue, namely use of lockdep
	   with tracing enabled. ]

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2013-02-07 15:10:39 -08:00
Lai Jiangshan
55c6659afa srcu: Add DEFINE_SRCU()
In old days, we had two different API sets for dynamic-allocated per-CPU
data and DEFINE_PER_CPU()-defined per_cpu data, and because SRCU used
dynamic-allocated per-CPU data, its srcu_struct structures cannot be
declared statically.  This commit therefore introduces DEFINE_SRCU()
and DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU() to allow statically declared SRCU structures,
using the new static per-CPU interfaces.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Updated for __DELAYED_WORK_INITIALIZER() added argument,
	   fixed whitespace issue. ]
2012-10-27 15:38:29 -07:00
Lai Jiangshan
f2ebfbc991 srcu: Export process_srcu()
Because process_srcu() will be used in DEFINE_SRCU(), which is a macro
that could be expanded pretty much anywhere, it can no longer be static.
Note that process_srcu() is still internal to srcu.h.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-10-23 14:54:42 -07:00
Lai Jiangshan
4e87b2d7e8 srcu: Credit Lai Jiangshan with SRCU rewrite
Lai Jiangshan rewrote SRCU, so this commit ensures that he gets his
proper share of blame^Wcredit.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-10-23 14:54:41 -07:00
Lai Jiangshan
931ea9d1a6 rcu: Implement per-domain single-threaded call_srcu() state machine
This commit implements an SRCU state machine in support of call_srcu().
The state machine is preemptible, light-weight, and single-threaded,
minimizing synchronization overhead.  In particular, there is no longer
any need for synchronize_srcu() to be guarded by a mutex.

Expedited processing is handled, at least in the absence of concurrent
grace-period operations on that same srcu_struct structure, by having
the synchronize_srcu_expedited() thread take on the role of the
workqueue thread for one iteration.

There is a reasonable probability that a given SRCU callback will
be invoked on the same CPU that registered it, however, there is no
guarantee.  Concurrent SRCU grace-period primitives can cause callbacks
to be executed elsewhere, even in absence of CPU-hotplug operations.

Callbacks execute in process context, but under the influence of
local_bh_disable(), so it is illegal to sleep in an SRCU callback
function.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-04-30 10:48:25 -07:00
Lai Jiangshan
966f58c2f6 rcu: Remove unused srcu_barrier()
The old srcu_barrier() macro is now unused.  This commit removes it so
that it may be used for the SRCU flavor of rcu_barrier(), which will in
turn be needed to allow the upcoming call_srcu() to be used from within
modules.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-04-30 10:48:23 -07:00
Lai Jiangshan
b52ce066c5 rcu: Implement a variant of Peter's SRCU algorithm
This commit implements a variant of Peter's algorithm, which may be found
at https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/2/1/119.

o	Make the checking lock-free to enable parallel checking.
	Parallel checking is required when (1) the original checking
	task is preempted for a long time, (2) sychronize_srcu_expedited()
	starts during an ongoing SRCU grace period, or (3) we wish to
	avoid acquiring a lock.

o	Since the checking is lock-free, we avoid a mutex in state machine
	for call_srcu().

o	Remove the SRCU_REF_MASK and remove the coupling with the flipping.
	This might allow us to remove the preempt_disable() in future
	versions, though such removal will need great care because it
	rescinds the one-old-reader-per-CPU guarantee.

o	Remove a smp_mb(), simplify the comments and make the smp_mb() pairs
	more intuitive.

Inspired-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-04-30 10:48:22 -07:00
Lai Jiangshan
440253c17f rcu: Increment upper bit only for srcu_read_lock()
The purpose of the upper bit of SRCU's per-CPU counters is to guarantee
that no reasonable series of srcu_read_lock() and srcu_read_unlock()
operations can return the value of the counter to its original value.
This guarantee is require only after the index has been switched to
the other set of counters, so at most one srcu_read_lock() can affect
a given CPU's counter.  The number of srcu_read_unlock() operations
on a given counter is limited to the number of tasks in the system,
which given the Linux kernel's current structure is limited to far less
than 2^30 on 32-bit systems and far less than 2^62 on 64-bit systems.
(Something about a limited number of bytes in the kernel's address space.)

Therefore, if srcu_read_lock() increments the upper bits, then
srcu_read_unlock() need not do so.  In this case, an srcu_read_lock() and
an srcu_read_unlock() will flip the lower bit of the upper field of the
counter.  An unreasonably large additional number of srcu_read_unlock()
operations would be required to return the counter to its initial value,
thus preserving the guarantee.

This commit takes this approach, which further allows it to shrink
the size of the upper field to one bit, making the number of
srcu_read_unlock() operations required to return the counter to its
initial value even more unreasonable than before.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-04-30 10:48:20 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
cef50120b6 rcu: Direct algorithmic SRCU implementation
The current implementation of synchronize_srcu_expedited() can cause
severe OS jitter due to its use of synchronize_sched(), which in turn
invokes try_stop_cpus(), which causes each CPU to be sent an IPI.
This can result in severe performance degradation for real-time workloads
and especially for short-interation-length HPC workloads.  Furthermore,
because only one instance of try_stop_cpus() can be making forward progress
at a given time, only one instance of synchronize_srcu_expedited() can
make forward progress at a time, even if they are all operating on
distinct srcu_struct structures.

This commit, inspired by an earlier implementation by Peter Zijlstra
(https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/1/31/211) and by further offline discussions,
takes a strictly algorithmic bits-in-memory approach.  This has the
disadvantage of requiring one explicit memory-barrier instruction in
each of srcu_read_lock() and srcu_read_unlock(), but on the other hand
completely dispenses with OS jitter and furthermore allows SRCU to be
used freely by CPUs that RCU believes to be idle or offline.

The update-side implementation handles the single read-side memory
barrier by rechecking the per-CPU counters after summing them and
by running through the update-side state machine twice.

This implementation has passed moderate rcutorture testing on both
x86 and Power.  Also updated to use this_cpu_ptr() instead of per_cpu_ptr(),
as suggested by Peter Zijlstra.

Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
2012-04-30 10:48:19 -07:00
Heiko Carstens
bde23c6892 rcu: Convert WARN_ON_ONCE() in rcu_lock_acquire() to lockdep
The WARN_ON_ONCE() in rcu_lock_acquire() results in infinite recursion
on S390, and also doesn't print very much information.  Remove this.

Updated patch to add lockdep-RCU assertions to RCU's read-side primitives.

Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:06:09 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
c0d6d01bff rcu: Check for illegal use of RCU from offlined CPUs
Although it is legal to use RCU during early boot, it is anything
but legal to use RCU at runtime from an offlined CPU.  After all, RCU
explicitly ignores offlined CPUs.  This commit therefore adds checks
for runtime use of RCU from offlined CPUs.

These checks are not perfect, in particular, they can be subverted
through use of things like rcu_dereference_raw().  Note that it is not
possible to put checks in rcu_read_lock() and friends due to the fact
that these primitives are used in code that might be used under either
RCU or lock-based protection, which means that checking rcu_read_lock()
gets you fat piles of false positives.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-02-21 09:06:03 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
3842a0832a rcu: Document same-context read-side constraints
The intent is that a given RCU read-side critical section be confined
to a single context.  For example, it is illegal to invoke rcu_read_lock()
in an exception handler and then invoke rcu_read_unlock() from the
context of the task that received the exception.

Suggested-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-12-11 10:32:06 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
0c53dd8b31 rcu: Introduce raw SRCU read-side primitives
The RCU implementations, including SRCU, are designed to be used in a
lock-like fashion, so that the read-side lock and unlock primitives must
execute in the same context for any given read-side critical section.
This constraint is enforced by lockdep-RCU.  However, there is a need
to enter an SRCU read-side critical section within the context of an
exception and then exit in the context of the task that encountered the
exception.  The cost of this capability is that the read-side operations
incur the overhead of disabling interrupts.

Note that although the current implementation allows a given read-side
critical section to be entered by one task and then exited by another, all
known possible implementations that allow this have scalability problems.
Therefore, a given read-side critical section must be exited by the same
task that entered it, though perhaps from an interrupt or exception
handler running within that task's context.  But if you are thinking
in terms of interrupt handlers, make sure that you have considered the
possibility of threaded interrupt handlers.

Credit goes to Peter Zijlstra for suggesting use of the existing _raw
suffix to indicate disabling lockdep over the earlier "bulkref" names.

Requested-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2011-12-11 10:31:40 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
867f236bd1 rcu: Make srcu_read_lock_held() call common lockdep-enabled function
A common debug_lockdep_rcu_enabled() function is used to check whether
RCU lockdep splats should be reported, but srcu_read_lock() does not
use it.  This commit therefore brings srcu_read_lock_held() up to date.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-12-11 10:31:34 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
ff195cb69b rcu: Warn when srcu_read_lock() is used in an extended quiescent state
Catch SRCU up to the other variants of RCU by making PROVE_RCU
complain if either srcu_read_lock() or srcu_read_lock_held() are
used from within RCU-idle mode.

Frederic reworked this to allow for the new versions of his patches
that check for extended quiescent states.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-12-11 10:31:33 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
73d4da4d36 rcu: Upgrade srcu_read_lock() docbook about SRCU grace periods
It is illegal to wait for an SRCU grace period while within the
corresponding flavor of SRCU read-side critical section.  Therefore,
this commit updates the srcu_read_lock() docbook accordingly.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-08-20 09:00:15 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
ca5ecddfa8 rcu: define __rcu address space modifier for sparse
This commit provides definitions for the __rcu annotation defined earlier.
This annotation permits sparse to check for correct use of RCU-protected
pointers.  If a pointer that is annotated with __rcu is accessed
directly (as opposed to via rcu_dereference(), rcu_assign_pointer(),
or one of their variants), sparse can be made to complain.  To enable
such complaints, use the new default-disabled CONFIG_SPARSE_RCU_POINTER
kernel configuration option.  Please note that these sparse complaints are
intended to be a debugging aid, -not- a code-style-enforcement mechanism.

There are special rcu_dereference_protected() and rcu_access_pointer()
accessors for use when RCU read-side protection is not required, for
example, when no other CPU has access to the data structure in question
or while the current CPU hold the update-side lock.

This patch also updates a number of docbook comments that were showing
their age.

Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Christopher Li <sparse@chrisli.org>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2010-08-19 17:17:59 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
d14aada8e2 rcu: make SRCU usable in modules
Add a #include for mutex.h to allow SRCU to be more easily used in
kernel modules.

Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-05-10 11:08:35 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
d20200b591 rcu: Fix bogus CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING in comments to reflect reality.
It is CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC rather than CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING, so fix it.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-05-10 11:08:32 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
0a135ba14d Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu:
  percpu: add __percpu sparse annotations to what's left
  percpu: add __percpu sparse annotations to fs
  percpu: add __percpu sparse annotations to core kernel subsystems
  local_t: Remove leftover local.h
  this_cpu: Remove pageset_notifier
  this_cpu: Page allocator conversion
  percpu, x86: Generic inc / dec percpu instructions
  local_t: Move local.h include to ringbuffer.c and ring_buffer_benchmark.c
  module: Use this_cpu_xx to dynamically allocate counters
  local_t: Remove cpu_local_xx macros
  percpu: refactor the code in pcpu_[de]populate_chunk()
  percpu: remove compile warnings caused by __verify_pcpu_ptr()
  percpu: make accessors check for percpu pointer in sparse
  percpu: add __percpu for sparse.
  percpu: make access macros universal
  percpu: remove per_cpu__ prefix.
2010-03-03 07:34:18 -08:00
Paul E. McKenney
c26d34a585 rcu: Add lockdep-enabled variants of rcu_dereference()
Make rcu_dereference() check for being in an RCU read-side
critical section, and create rcu_dereference_bh(),
rcu_dereference_sched(), and srcu_dereference() to check for the
other flavors of RCU.  Also create rcu_dereference_raw() to
avoid checking, and make rcu_dereference_check() use
rcu_dereference_raw().

Acked-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1266887105-1528-2-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-25 09:41:00 +01:00
Paul E. McKenney
632ee20013 rcu: Introduce lockdep-based checking to RCU read-side primitives
Inspection is proving insufficient to catch all RCU misuses,
which is understandable given that rcu_dereference() might be
protected by any of four different flavors of RCU (RCU, RCU-bh,
RCU-sched, and SRCU), and might also/instead be protected by any
of a number of locking primitives. It is therefore time to
enlist the aid of lockdep.

This set of patches is inspired by earlier work by Peter
Zijlstra and Thomas Gleixner, and takes the following approach:

o	Set up separate lockdep classes for RCU, RCU-bh, and RCU-sched.

o	Set up separate lockdep classes for each instance of SRCU.

o	Create primitives that check for being in an RCU read-side
	critical section.  These return exact answers if lockdep is
	fully enabled, but if unsure, report being in an RCU read-side
	critical section.  (We want to avoid false positives!)
	The primitives are:

	For RCU: rcu_read_lock_held(void)

	For RCU-bh: rcu_read_lock_bh_held(void)

	For RCU-sched: rcu_read_lock_sched_held(void)

	For SRCU: srcu_read_lock_held(struct srcu_struct *sp)

o	Add rcu_dereference_check(), which takes a second argument
	in which one places a boolean expression based on the above
	primitives and/or lockdep_is_held().

o	A new kernel configuration parameter, CONFIG_PROVE_RCU, enables
	rcu_dereference_check().  This depends on CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING,
	and should be quite helpful during the transition period while
	CONFIG_PROVE_RCU-unaware patches are in flight.

The existing rcu_dereference() primitive does no checking, but
upcoming patches will change that.

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <1266887105-1528-1-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-25 09:40:59 +01:00
Tejun Heo
43cf38eb5c percpu: add __percpu sparse annotations to core kernel subsystems
Add __percpu sparse annotations to core subsystems.

These annotations are to make sparse consider percpu variables to be
in a different address space and warn if accessed without going
through percpu accessors.  This patch doesn't affect normal builds.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2010-02-17 11:17:38 +09:00
Paul E. McKenney
0cd397d336 rcu: Add synchronize_srcu_expedited()
This patch creates a synchronize_srcu_expedited() that uses
synchronize_sched_expedited() where synchronize_srcu()
uses synchronize_sched().  The synchronize_srcu() and
synchronize_srcu_expedited() functions become one-liners that
pass synchronize_sched() or synchronize_sched_expedited(),
repectively, to a new __synchronize_srcu() function.

While in the file, move the EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL()s to immediately
follow the corresponding functions.

Requested-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Cc: dhowells@redhat.com
Cc: avi@redhat.com
LKML-Reference: <12565226354038-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-10-26 09:40:30 +01:00
Alan Stern
e6a92013ba [PATCH] SRCU: report out-of-memory errors
Currently the init_srcu_struct() routine has no way to report out-of-memory
errors.  This patch (as761) makes it return -ENOMEM when the per-cpu data
allocation fails.

The patch also makes srcu_init_notifier_head() report a BUG if a notifier
head can't be initialized.  Perhaps it should return -ENOMEM instead, but
in the most likely cases where this might occur I don't think any recovery
is possible.  Notifier chains generally are not created dynamically.

[akpm@osdl.org: avoid statement-with-side-effect in macro]
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-04 07:55:30 -07:00
Alan Stern
eabc069401 [PATCH] Add SRCU-based notifier chains
This patch (as751) adds a new type of notifier chain, based on the SRCU
(Sleepable Read-Copy Update) primitives recently added to the kernel.  An
SRCU notifier chain is much like a blocking notifier chain, in that it must
be called in process context and its callout routines are allowed to sleep.
 The difference is that the chain's links are protected by the SRCU
mechanism rather than by an rw-semaphore, so calling the chain has
extremely low overhead: no memory barriers and no cache-line bouncing.  On
the other hand, unregistering from the chain is expensive and the chain
head requires special runtime initialization (plus cleanup if it is to be
deallocated).

SRCU notifiers are appropriate for notifiers that will be called very
frequently and for which unregistration occurs very seldom.  The proposed
"task notifier" scheme qualifies, as may some of the network notifiers.

Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-04 07:55:30 -07:00
Paul E. McKenney
621934ee7e [PATCH] srcu-3: RCU variant permitting read-side blocking
Updated patch adding a variant of RCU that permits sleeping in read-side
critical sections.  SRCU is as follows:

o	Each use of SRCU creates its own srcu_struct, and each
	srcu_struct has its own set of grace periods.  This is
	critical, as it prevents one subsystem with a blocking
	reader from holding up SRCU grace periods for other
	subsystems.

o	The SRCU primitives (srcu_read_lock(), srcu_read_unlock(),
	and synchronize_srcu()) all take a pointer to a srcu_struct.

o	The SRCU primitives must be called from process context.

o	srcu_read_lock() returns an int that must be passed to
	the matching srcu_read_unlock().  Realtime RCU avoids the
	need for this by storing the state in the task struct,
	but SRCU needs to allow a given code path to pass through
	multiple SRCU domains -- storing state in the task struct
	would therefore require either arbitrary space in the
	task struct or arbitrary limits on SRCU nesting.  So I
	kicked the state-storage problem up to the caller.

	Of course, it is not permitted to call synchronize_srcu()
	while in an SRCU read-side critical section.

o	There is no call_srcu().  It would not be hard to implement
	one, but it seems like too easy a way to OOM the system.
	(Hey, we have enough trouble with call_rcu(), which does
	-not- permit readers to sleep!!!)  So, if you want it,
	please tell me why...

[josht@us.ibm.com: sparse notation]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Josh Triplett <josh@freedesktop.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-04 07:55:30 -07:00