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The ARMv8.2 architecture introduces the optional Statistical Profiling Extension (SPE). SPE can be used to profile a population of operations in the CPU pipeline after instruction decode. These are either architected instructions (i.e. a dynamic instruction trace) or CPU-specific uops and the choice is fixed statically in the hardware and advertised to userspace via caps/. Sampling is controlled using a sampling interval, similar to a regular PMU counter, but also with an optional random perturbation to avoid falling into patterns where you continuously profile the same instruction in a hot loop. After each operation is decoded, the interval counter is decremented. When it hits zero, an operation is chosen for profiling and tracked within the pipeline until it retires. Along the way, information such as TLB lookups, cache misses, time spent to issue etc is captured in the form of a sample. The sample is then filtered according to certain criteria (e.g. load latency) that can be specified in the event config (described under format/) and, if the sample satisfies the filter, it is written out to memory as a record, otherwise it is discarded. Only one operation can be sampled at a time. The in-memory buffer is linear and virtually addressed, raising an interrupt when it fills up. The PMU driver handles these interrupts to give the appearance of a ring buffer, as expected by the AUX code. The in-memory trace-like format is self-describing (though not parseable in reverse) and written as a series of records, with each record corresponding to a sample and consisting of a sequence of packets. These packets are defined by the architecture, although some have CPU-specific fields for recording information specific to the microarchitecture. As a simple example, a record generated for a branch instruction may consist of the following packets: 0 (Address) : Virtual PC of the branch instruction 1 (Type) : Conditional direct branch 2 (Counter) : Number of cycles taken from Dispatch to Issue 3 (Address) : Virtual branch target + condition flags 4 (Counter) : Number of cycles taken from Dispatch to Complete 5 (Events) : Mispredicted as not-taken 6 (END) : End of record It is also possible to toggle properties such as timestamp packets in each record. This patch adds support for SPE in the form of a new perf driver. Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> |
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Linux kernel ============ This file was moved to Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst Please notice that there are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or ``make pdfdocs``. There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory, several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation. See Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what is contained in each file. Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.