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Daniel Borkmann be95a845cc bpf: avoid false sharing of map refcount with max_entries 
In addition to commit b2157399cc ("bpf: prevent out-of-bounds
speculation") also change the layout of struct bpf_map such that
false sharing of fast-path members like max_entries is avoided
when the maps reference counter is altered. Therefore enforce
them to be placed into separate cachelines.

pahole dump after change:

  struct bpf_map {
        const struct bpf_map_ops  * ops;                 /*     0     8 */
        struct bpf_map *           inner_map_meta;       /*     8     8 */
        void *                     security;             /*    16     8 */
        enum bpf_map_type          map_type;             /*    24     4 */
        u32                        key_size;             /*    28     4 */
        u32                        value_size;           /*    32     4 */
        u32                        max_entries;          /*    36     4 */
        u32                        map_flags;            /*    40     4 */
        u32                        pages;                /*    44     4 */
        u32                        id;                   /*    48     4 */
        int                        numa_node;            /*    52     4 */
        bool                       unpriv_array;         /*    56     1 */

        /* XXX 7 bytes hole, try to pack */

        /* --- cacheline 1 boundary (64 bytes) --- */
        struct user_struct *       user;                 /*    64     8 */
        atomic_t                   refcnt;               /*    72     4 */
        atomic_t                   usercnt;              /*    76     4 */
        struct work_struct         work;                 /*    80    32 */
        char                       name[16];             /*   112    16 */
        /* --- cacheline 2 boundary (128 bytes) --- */

        /* size: 128, cachelines: 2, members: 17 */
        /* sum members: 121, holes: 1, sum holes: 7 */
  };

Now all entries in the first cacheline are read only throughout
the life time of the map, set up once during map creation. Overall
struct size and number of cachelines doesn't change from the
reordering. struct bpf_map is usually first member and embedded
in map structs in specific map implementations, so also avoid those
members to sit at the end where it could potentially share the
cacheline with first map values e.g. in the array since remote
CPUs could trigger map updates just as well for those (easily
dirtying members like max_entries intentionally as well) while
having subsequent values in cache.

Quoting from Google's Project Zero blog [1]:

  Additionally, at least on the Intel machine on which this was
  tested, bouncing modified cache lines between cores is slow,
  apparently because the MESI protocol is used for cache coherence
  [8]. Changing the reference counter of an eBPF array on one
  physical CPU core causes the cache line containing the reference
  counter to be bounced over to that CPU core, making reads of the
  reference counter on all other CPU cores slow until the changed
  reference counter has been written back to memory. Because the
  length and the reference counter of an eBPF array are stored in
  the same cache line, this also means that changing the reference
  counter on one physical CPU core causes reads of the eBPF array's
  length to be slow on other physical CPU cores (intentional false
  sharing).

While this doesn't 'control' the out-of-bounds speculation through
masking the index as in commit b2157399cc, triggering a manipulation
of the map's reference counter is really trivial, so lets not allow
to easily affect max_entries from it.

Splitting to separate cachelines also generally makes sense from
a performance perspective anyway in that fast-path won't have a
cache miss if the map gets pinned, reused in other progs, etc out
of control path, thus also avoids unintentional false sharing.

  [1] https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.ch/2018/01/reading-privileged-memory-with-side.html

Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2018-01-09 10:07:30 -08:00
arch Merge branch 'x86-pti-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 2017-12-23 11:53:04 -08:00
block block-throttle: avoid double charge 2017-12-20 11:10:17 -07:00
certs License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
crypto Merge branch 'linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6 2017-12-22 12:22:48 -08:00
Documentation sound fixes for 4.15-rc6 2017-12-27 12:59:27 -08:00
drivers sh_eth: fix SH7757 GEther initialization 2018-01-05 13:59:18 -05:00
firmware kbuild: remove all dummy assignments to obj- 2017-11-18 11:46:06 +09:00
fs Changes since last update: 2017-12-22 12:27:27 -08:00
include bpf: avoid false sharing of map refcount with max_entries 2018-01-09 10:07:30 -08:00
init Merge branch 'x86-pti-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 2017-12-23 11:53:04 -08:00
ipc Rename superblock flags (MS_xyz -> SB_xyz) 2017-11-27 13:05:09 -08:00
kernel bpf: prevent out-of-bounds speculation 2018-01-09 00:53:49 +01:00
lib Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf 2017-12-18 10:49:22 -05:00
mm Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block 2017-12-21 11:13:37 -08:00
net Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pablo/nf 2018-01-05 10:33:01 -05:00
samples Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bpf/bpf 2017-12-03 13:08:30 -05:00
scripts Merge branch 'locking-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 2017-12-15 11:44:59 -08:00
security KEYS: reject NULL restriction string when type is specified 2017-12-08 15:13:29 +00:00
sound ALSA: hda - Fix missing COEF init for ALC225/295/299 2017-12-27 08:53:59 +01:00
tools selftests/bpf: fix test_align 2018-01-07 00:10:32 +01:00
usr initramfs: fix initramfs rebuilds w/ compression after disabling 2017-11-03 07:39:19 -07:00
virt KVM/ARM Fixes for v4.15, Round 2 2017-12-18 12:57:43 +01:00
.cocciconfig scripts: add Linux .cocciconfig for coccinelle 2016-07-22 12:13:39 +02:00
.get_maintainer.ignore Add hch to .get_maintainer.ignore 2015-08-21 14:30:10 -07:00
.gitattributes .gitattributes: set git diff driver for C source code files 2016-10-07 18:46:30 -07:00
.gitignore Kbuild misc updates for v4.15 2017-11-17 17:51:33 -08:00
.mailmap Add Jason Gunthorpe as co-maintainer of the RDMA stack 2017-11-17 09:36:18 -08:00
COPYING
CREDITS MAINTAINERS: update TPM driver infrastructure changes 2017-11-09 17:58:40 -08:00
Kbuild Kbuild updates for v4.15 2017-11-17 17:45:29 -08:00
Kconfig License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
MAINTAINERS MAINTAINERS: Update my email address. 2018-01-04 13:38:29 -05:00
Makefile Linux 4.15-rc5 2017-12-23 20:47:16 -08:00
README README: add a new README file, pointing to the Documentation/ 2016-10-24 08:12:35 -02:00

README 

Linux kernel
============

This file was moved to Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst

Please notice that there are several guides for kernel developers and users.
These guides can be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF.

In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``.

There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.
See Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what is contained in each file.

Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.