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On some CPUs we can prevent the Meltdown vulnerability by flushing the L1-D cache on exit from kernel to user mode, and from hypervisor to guest. This is known to be the case on at least Power7, Power8 and Power9. At this time we do not know the status of the vulnerability on other CPUs such as the 970 (Apple G5), pasemi CPUs (AmigaOne X1000) or Freescale CPUs. As more information comes to light we can enable this, or other mechanisms on those CPUs. The vulnerability occurs when the load of an architecturally inaccessible memory region (eg. userspace load of kernel memory) is speculatively executed to the point where its result can influence the address of a subsequent speculatively executed load. In order for that to happen, the first load must hit in the L1, because before the load is sent to the L2 the permission check is performed. Therefore if no kernel addresses hit in the L1 the vulnerability can not occur. We can ensure that is the case by flushing the L1 whenever we return to userspace. Similarly for hypervisor vs guest. In order to flush the L1-D cache on exit, we add a section of nops at each (h)rfi location that returns to a lower privileged context, and patch that with some sequence. Newer firmwares are able to advertise to us that there is a special nop instruction that flushes the L1-D. If we do not see that advertised, we fall back to doing a displacement flush in software. For guest kernels we support migration between some CPU versions, and different CPUs may use different flush instructions. So that we are prepared to migrate to a machine with a different flush instruction activated, we may have to patch more than one flush instruction at boot if the hypervisor tells us to. In the end this patch is mostly the work of Nicholas Piggin and Michael Ellerman. However a cast of thousands contributed to analysis of the issue, earlier versions of the patch, back ports testing etc. Many thanks to all of them. Tested-by: Jon Masters <jcm@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> |
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Linux kernel ============ This file was moved to Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst Please notice that there are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or ``make pdfdocs``. There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory, several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation. See Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what is contained in each file. Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.