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POWER9 Witherspoon machines come with 4 or 6 V100 GPUs which are not pluggable PCIe devices but still have PCIe links which are used for config space and MMIO. In addition to that the GPUs have 6 NVLinks which are connected to other GPUs and the POWER9 CPU. POWER9 chips have a special unit on a die called an NPU which is an NVLink2 host bus adapter with p2p connections to 2 to 3 GPUs, 3 or 2 NVLinks to each. These systems also support ATS (address translation services) which is a part of the NVLink2 protocol. Such GPUs also share on-board RAM (16GB or 32GB) to the system via the same NVLink2 so a CPU has cache-coherent access to a GPU RAM. This exports GPU RAM to the userspace as a new VFIO device region. This preregisters the new memory as device memory as it might be used for DMA. This inserts pfns from the fault handler as the GPU memory is not onlined until the vendor driver is loaded and trained the NVLinks so doing this earlier causes low level errors which we fence in the firmware so it does not hurt the host system but still better be avoided; for the same reason this does not map GPU RAM into the host kernel (usual thing for emulated access otherwise). This exports an ATSD (Address Translation Shootdown) register of NPU which allows TLB invalidations inside GPU for an operating system. The register conveniently occupies a single 64k page. It is also presented to the userspace as a new VFIO device region. One NPU has 8 ATSD registers, each of them can be used for TLB invalidation in a GPU linked to this NPU. This allocates one ATSD register per an NVLink bridge allowing passing up to 6 registers. Due to the host firmware bug (just recently fixed), only 1 ATSD register per NPU was actually advertised to the host system so this passes that alone register via the first NVLink bridge device in the group which is still enough as QEMU collects them all back and presents to the guest via vPHB to mimic the emulated NPU PHB on the host. In order to provide the userspace with the information about GPU-to-NVLink connections, this exports an additional capability called "tgt" (which is an abbreviated host system bus address). The "tgt" property tells the GPU its own system address and allows the guest driver to conglomerate the routing information so each GPU knows how to get directly to the other GPUs. For ATS to work, the nest MMU (an NVIDIA block in a P9 CPU) needs to know LPID (a logical partition ID or a KVM guest hardware ID in other words) and PID (a memory context ID of a userspace process, not to be confused with a linux pid). This assigns a GPU to LPID in the NPU and this is why this adds a listener for KVM on an IOMMU group. A PID comes via NVLink from a GPU and NPU uses a PID wildcard to pass it through. This requires coherent memory and ATSD to be available on the host as the GPU vendor only supports configurations with both features enabled and other configurations are known not to work. Because of this and because of the ways the features are advertised to the host system (which is a device tree with very platform specific properties), this requires enabled POWERNV platform. The V100 GPUs do not advertise any of these capabilities via the config space and there are more than just one device ID so this relies on the platform to tell whether these GPUs have special abilities such as NVLinks. Signed-off-by: Alexey Kardashevskiy <aik@ozlabs.ru> Acked-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> |
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