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When KASLR is enabled then 1GB huge pages allocations might regress
sporadically.
To reproduce on a KVM guest with 4GB RAM:
- add the following options to the kernel command-line:
'default_hugepagesz=1G hugepagesz=1G hugepages=1'
- boot the guest and check number of 1GB pages reserved:
# grep HugePages_Total /proc/meminfo
- sporadically, every couple of bootups the output of this
command shows that when booting with "nokaslr" HugePages_Total is always 1,
while booting without "nokaslr" sometimes HugePages_Total is set as 0
(that is, reserving the 1GB page failed).
Note that you may need to boot a few times to trigger the issue,
because it's somewhat non-deterministic.
The root cause is that kernel may be put into the only good 1GB huge page
in the [0x40000000, 0x7fffffff] physical range randomly.
Below is the dmesg output snippet from the KVM guest. We can see that only
[0x40000000, 0x7fffffff] region is good 1GB huge page,
[0x100000000, 0x13fffffff] will be touched by the memblock top-down allocation:
[...] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[...] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009fbff] usable
[...] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009fc00-0x000000000009ffff] reserved
[...] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000f0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved
[...] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x00000000bffdffff] usable
[...] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000bffe0000-0x00000000bfffffff] reserved
[...] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000feffc000-0x00000000feffffff] reserved
[...] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fffc0000-0x00000000ffffffff] reserved
[...] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000100000000-0x000000013fffffff] usable
Besides, on bare-metal machines with larger memory, one less 1GB huge page
might be available with KASLR enabled. That too is because the kernel
image might be randomized into those "good" 1GB huge pages.
To fix this, firstly parse the kernel command-line to get how many 1GB huge
pages are specified. Then try to skip the specified number of 1GB huge
pages when decide which memory region kernel can be randomized into.
Also change the name of handle_mem_memmap() as handle_mem_options()
since it handles not only 'mem=' and 'memmap=', but also 'hugepagesxxx' now.
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: douly.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: fanc.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: indou.takao@jp.fujitsu.com
Cc: keescook@chromium.org
Cc: lcapitulino@redhat.com
Cc: yasu.isimatu@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180625031656.12443-3-bhe@redhat.com
[ Rewrote the changelog, fixed style problems in the code. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Linux kernel
============
There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.
In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``. The formatted documentation can also be read online at:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/
There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.
See Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what is contained in each file.
Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.