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Future Intel processors will support "Enhanced IBRS" which is an "always on" mode i.e. IBRS bit in SPEC_CTRL MSR is enabled once and never disabled. From the specification [1]: "With enhanced IBRS, the predicted targets of indirect branches executed cannot be controlled by software that was executed in a less privileged predictor mode or on another logical processor. As a result, software operating on a processor with enhanced IBRS need not use WRMSR to set IA32_SPEC_CTRL.IBRS after every transition to a more privileged predictor mode. Software can isolate predictor modes effectively simply by setting the bit once. Software need not disable enhanced IBRS prior to entering a sleep state such as MWAIT or HLT." If Enhanced IBRS is supported by the processor then use it as the preferred spectre v2 mitigation mechanism instead of Retpoline. Intel's Retpoline white paper [2] states: "Retpoline is known to be an effective branch target injection (Spectre variant 2) mitigation on Intel processors belonging to family 6 (enumerated by the CPUID instruction) that do not have support for enhanced IBRS. On processors that support enhanced IBRS, it should be used for mitigation instead of retpoline." The reason why Enhanced IBRS is the recommended mitigation on processors which support it is that these processors also support CET which provides a defense against ROP attacks. Retpoline is very similar to ROP techniques and might trigger false positives in the CET defense. If Enhanced IBRS is selected as the mitigation technique for spectre v2, the IBRS bit in SPEC_CTRL MSR is set once at boot time and never cleared. Kernel also has to make sure that IBRS bit remains set after VMEXIT because the guest might have cleared the bit. This is already covered by the existing x86_spec_ctrl_set_guest() and x86_spec_ctrl_restore_host() speculation control functions. Enhanced IBRS still requires IBPB for full mitigation. [1] Speculative-Execution-Side-Channel-Mitigations.pdf [2] Retpoline-A-Branch-Target-Injection-Mitigation.pdf Both documents are available at: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199511 Originally-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw@amazon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Sai Praneeth Prakhya <sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Tim C Chen <tim.c.chen@intel.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Ravi Shankar <ravi.v.shankar@intel.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1533148945-24095-1-git-send-email-sai.praneeth.prakhya@intel.com |
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| README | ||
Linux kernel
============
There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.
In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``. The formatted documentation can also be read online at:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/
There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.
See Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what is contained in each file.
Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.