Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This patch fix a spelling typo found in DocBook/tracepoint.xml.
It is because the file was created from comments in source,
so I have to fix the typo in include/trace/events/irq.h
Signed-off-by: Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
The new name is irq_poll as iopoll is already taken. Better suggestions
welcome.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Bart Van Assche <bart.vanassche@sandisk.com>
The enums used by the softirq mapping is what is shown in the output
of the __print_symbolic() and not their values, that are needed
to map them to their strings. Export them to userspace with the
TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM() macro so that user space tools can map the enums
with their values.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150403013802.220157513@goodmis.org
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Tested-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
This patch fix spelling typo found in DocBook/networking.xml.
It is because the neworking.xml is generated from comments
in the source, I have to fix typo in comments within the source.
Signed-off-by: Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Commit a26ac2455ffcf3(rcu: move TREE_RCU from softirq to kthread)
introduced performance regression. In an AIM7 test, this commit degraded
performance by about 40%.
The commit runs rcu callbacks in a kthread instead of softirq. We observed
high rate of context switch which is caused by this. Out test system has
64 CPUs and HZ is 1000, so we saw more than 64k context switch per second
which is caused by RCU's per-CPU kthread. A trace showed that most of
the time the RCU per-CPU kthread doesn't actually handle any callbacks,
but instead just does a very small amount of work handling grace periods.
This means that RCU's per-CPU kthreads are making the scheduler do quite
a bit of work in order to allow a very small amount of RCU-related
processing to be done.
Alex Shi's analysis determined that this slowdown is due to lock
contention within the scheduler. Unfortunately, as Peter Zijlstra points
out, the scheduler's real-time semantics require global action, which
means that this contention is inherent in real-time scheduling. (Yes,
perhaps someone will come up with a workaround -- otherwise, -rt is not
going to do well on large SMP systems -- but this patch will work around
this issue in the meantime. And "the meantime" might well be forever.)
This patch therefore re-introduces softirq processing to RCU, but only
for core RCU work. RCU callbacks are still executed in kthread context,
so that only a small amount of RCU work runs in softirq context in the
common case. This should minimize ksoftirqd execution, allowing us to
skip boosting of ksoftirqd for CONFIG_RCU_BOOST=y kernels.
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Tested-by: "Alex,Shi" <alex.shi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
If RCU priority boosting is to be meaningful, callback invocation must
be boosted in addition to preempted RCU readers. Otherwise, in presence
of CPU real-time threads, the grace period ends, but the callbacks don't
get invoked. If the callbacks don't get invoked, the associated memory
doesn't get freed, so the system is still subject to OOM.
But it is not reasonable to priority-boost RCU_SOFTIRQ, so this commit
moves the callback invocations to a kthread, which can be boosted easily.
Also add comments and properly synchronized all accesses to
rcu_cpu_kthread_task, as suggested by Lai Jiangshan.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
With the addition of trace_softirq_raise() the softirq tracepoint got
even more convoluted. Why the tracepoints take two pointers to assign
an integer is beyond my comprehension.
But adding an extra case which treats the first pointer as an unsigned
long when the second pointer is NULL including the back and forth
type casting is just horrible.
Convert the softirq tracepoints to take a single unsigned int argument
for the softirq vector number and fix the call sites.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
LKML-Reference: <alpine.LFD.2.00.1010191428560.6815@localhost6.localdomain6>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Add a tracepoint for tracing when softirq action is raised.
This and the existing tracepoints complete softirq's tracepoints:
softirq_raise, softirq_entry and softirq_exit.
And when this tracepoint is used in combination with
the softirq_entry tracepoint we can determine
the softirq raise latency.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Acked-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Kaneshige Kenji <kaneshige.kenji@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Izumo Taku <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Kosaki Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Scott Mcmillan <scott.a.mcmillan@intel.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <4C724298.4050509@jp.fujitsu.com>
[ factorize softirq events with DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS ]
Signed-off-by: Koki Sanagi <sanagi.koki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Use DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS to remove duplicate code:
text data bss dec hex filename
12781 952 36 13769 35c9 kernel/softirq.o.old
11981 952 32 12965 32a5 kernel/softirq.o
Two events are converted:
softirq: softirq_entry, softirq_exit
No change in functionality.
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <4B0E287F.4030708@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Now that we can filter based on fields via perf record, people
will start using filter expressions and will expect them to
be obvious.
The primary way to see which fields are available is by looking
at the trace output, such as:
gcc-18676 [000] 343.011728: irq_handler_entry: irq=0 handler=timer
cc1-18677 [000] 343.012727: irq_handler_entry: irq=0 handler=timer
cc1-18677 [000] 343.032692: irq_handler_entry: irq=0 handler=timer
cc1-18677 [000] 343.033690: irq_handler_entry: irq=0 handler=timer
cc1-18677 [000] 343.034687: irq_handler_entry: irq=0 handler=timer
cc1-18677 [000] 343.035686: irq_handler_entry: irq=0 handler=timer
cc1-18677 [000] 343.036684: irq_handler_entry: irq=0 handler=timer
While 'irq==0' filters work, the 'handler==<x>' filter expression
does not work:
$ perf record -R -f -a -e irq:irq_handler_entry --filter handler=timer sleep 1
Error: failed to set filter with 22 (Invalid argument)
The problem is that while an 'irq' field exists and is recognized
as a filter field - 'handler' does not exist - its name is 'name'
in the output.
To solve this, we need to synchronize the printout and the field
names, wherever possible.
In cases where the printout prints a non-field, we enclose
that information in square brackets, such as:
perf-1380 [013] 724.903505: softirq_exit: vec=9 [action=RCU]
perf-1380 [013] 724.904482: softirq_exit: vec=1 [action=TIMER]
This way users can use filter expressions more intuitively: all
fields that show up as 'primary' (non-bracketed) information is
filterable.
This patch harmonizes the field names for all irq, bkl, power,
sched and timer events.
We might in fact think about dropping the print format bit of
generic tracepoints altogether, and just print the fields that
are being recorded.
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
With BLOCK_IOPOLL_SOFTIRQ added, softirq_to_name[] and
show_softirq_name() needs to be updated.
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
LKML-Reference: <4AB20398.8070209@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
If TRACE_INCLDUE_FILE is defined, <trace/events/TRACE_INCLUDE_FILE.h>
will be included and compiled, otherwise it will be
<trace/events/TRACE_SYSTEM.h>
So TRACE_SYSTEM should be defined outside of #if proctection,
just like TRACE_INCLUDE_FILE.
Imaging this scenario:
#include <trace/events/foo.h>
-> TRACE_SYSTEM == foo
...
#include <trace/events/bar.h>
-> TRACE_SYSTEM == bar
...
#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/foo.h>
-> TRACE_SYSTEM == bar !!!
and then bar.h will be included and compiled.
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <4A5A9CF1.2010007@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
After converting the softirq tracer to use te flags options, this
caused a regression with the name. Since the flag was used directly
it was printed out (i.e. HRTIMER_SOFTIRQ).
This patch only shows the softirq name without the SOFTIRQ part.
[ Impact: fix regression of output from softirq events ]
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The recording of the names at trace time is inefficient. This patch
implements the softirq event recording to only record the vector
and then use the __print_symbolic interface to print out the names.
[ Impact: faster recording of softirq events ]
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
The TRACE_FORMAT will soon be deprecated. This patch converts it to
the TRACE_EVENT macro.
Note, this change should also speed up the tracing.
[ Impact: remove a user of deprecated TRACE_FORMAT ]
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Impact: clean up
Create a sub directory in include/trace called events to keep the
trace point headers in their own separate directory. Only headers that
declare trace points should be defined in this directory.
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Cc: Zhao Lei <zhaolei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Eduard - Gabriel Munteanu <eduard.munteanu@linux360.ro>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
