__highest_present_section_nr is a more strict boundary than
NR_MEM_SECTIONS. So checking __highest_present_section_nr directly is
enough.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180330032044.21647-1-richard.weiyang@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
During memory hotplugging the probe routine will leave struct pages
uninitialized, the same as it is currently done during boot. Therefore,
we do not want to access the inside of struct pages before
__init_single_page() is called during onlining.
Because during hotplug we know that pages in one memory block belong to
the same numa node, we can skip the checking. We should keep checking
for the boot case.
[pasha.tatashin@oracle.com: s/register_new_memory()/hotplug_memory_register()]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180228030308.1116-6-pasha.tatashin@oracle.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180215165920.8570-6-pasha.tatashin@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Bharata B Rao <bharata@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Steven Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When memory is hotplugged pages_correctly_reserved() is called to verify
that the added memory is present, this routine traverses through every
struct page and verifies that PageReserved() is set. This is a slow
operation especially if a large amount of memory is added.
Instead of checking every page, it is enough to simply check that the
section is present, has mapping (struct page array is allocated), and
the mapping is online.
In addition, we should not excpect that probe routine sets flags in
struct page, as the struct pages have not yet been initialized. The
initialization should be done in __init_single_page(), the same as
during boot.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180215165920.8570-5-pasha.tatashin@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Bharata B Rao <bharata@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Daniel Jordan <daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Steven Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Today 4 architectures set ARCH_SUPPORTS_MEMORY_FAILURE (arm64, parisc,
powerpc, and x86), while 4 other architectures set __ARCH_SI_TRAPNO
(alpha, metag, sparc, and tile). These two sets of architectures do
not interesect so remove the trapno paramater to remove confusion.
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Historically we have enforced that any kernel zone (e.g ZONE_NORMAL) has
to precede the Movable zone in the physical memory range. The purpose
of the movable zone is, however, not bound to any physical memory
restriction. It merely defines a class of migrateable and reclaimable
memory.
There are users (e.g. CMA) who might want to reserve specific physical
memory ranges for their own purpose. Moreover our pfn walkers have to
be prepared for zones overlapping in the physical range already because
we do support interleaving NUMA nodes and therefore zones can interleave
as well. This means we can allow each memory block to be associated
with a different zone.
Loosen the current onlining semantic and allow explicit onlining type on
any memblock. That means that online_{kernel,movable} will be allowed
regardless of the physical address of the memblock as long as it is
offline of course. This might result in moveble zone overlapping with
other kernel zones. Default onlining then becomes a bit tricky but
still sensible. echo online > memoryXY/state will online the given
block to
1) the default zone if the given range is outside of any zone
2) the enclosing zone if such a zone doesn't interleave with
any other zone
3) the default zone if more zones interleave for this range
where default zone is movable zone only if movable_node is enabled
otherwise it is a kernel zone.
Here is an example of the semantic with (movable_node is not present but
it work in an analogous way). We start with following memblocks, all of
them offline:
memory34/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory35/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory36/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory37/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory38/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory39/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory40/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory41/valid_zones:Normal Movable
Now, we online block 34 in default mode and block 37 as movable
root@test1:/sys/devices/system/node/node1# echo online > memory34/state
root@test1:/sys/devices/system/node/node1# echo online_movable > memory37/state
memory34/valid_zones:Normal
memory35/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory36/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory37/valid_zones:Movable
memory38/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory39/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory40/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory41/valid_zones:Normal Movable
As we can see all other blocks can still be onlined both into Normal and
Movable zones and the Normal is default because the Movable zone spans
only block37 now.
root@test1:/sys/devices/system/node/node1# echo online_movable > memory41/state
memory34/valid_zones:Normal
memory35/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory36/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory37/valid_zones:Movable
memory38/valid_zones:Movable Normal
memory39/valid_zones:Movable Normal
memory40/valid_zones:Movable Normal
memory41/valid_zones:Movable
Now the default zone for blocks 37-41 has changed because movable zone
spans that range.
root@test1:/sys/devices/system/node/node1# echo online_kernel > memory39/state
memory34/valid_zones:Normal
memory35/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory36/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory37/valid_zones:Movable
memory38/valid_zones:Normal Movable
memory39/valid_zones:Normal
memory40/valid_zones:Movable Normal
memory41/valid_zones:Movable
Note that the block 39 now belongs to the zone Normal and so block38
falls into Normal by default as well.
For completness
root@test1:/sys/devices/system/node/node1# for i in memory[34]?
do
echo online > $i/state 2>/dev/null
done
memory34/valid_zones:Normal
memory35/valid_zones:Normal
memory36/valid_zones:Normal
memory37/valid_zones:Movable
memory38/valid_zones:Normal
memory39/valid_zones:Normal
memory40/valid_zones:Movable
memory41/valid_zones:Movable
Implementation wise the change is quite straightforward. We can get rid
of allow_online_pfn_range altogether. online_pages allows only offline
nodes already. The original default_zone_for_pfn will become
default_kernel_zone_for_pfn. New default_zone_for_pfn implements the
above semantic. zone_for_pfn_range is slightly reorganized to implement
kernel and movable online type explicitly and MMOP_ONLINE_KEEP becomes a
catch all default behavior.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170714121233.16861-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <yasu.isimatu@gmail.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Kani Toshimitsu <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: <slaoub@gmail.com>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Cc: <linux-api@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Prior to commit f1dd2cd13c ("mm, memory_hotplug: do not associate
hotadded memory to zones until online") we used to allow to change the
valid zone types of a memory block if it is adjacent to a different zone
type.
This fact was reflected in memoryNN/valid_zones by the ordering of
printed zones. The first one was default (echo online > memoryNN/state)
and the other one could be onlined explicitly by online_{movable,kernel}.
This behavior was removed by the said patch and as such the ordering was
not all that important. In most cases a kernel zone would be default
anyway. The only exception is movable_node handled by "mm,
memory_hotplug: support movable_node for hotpluggable nodes".
Let's reintroduce this behavior again because later patch will remove
the zone overlap restriction and so user will be allowed to online
kernel resp. movable block regardless of its placement. Original
behavior will then become significant again because it would be
non-trivial for users to see what is the default zone to online into.
Implementation is really simple. Pull out zone selection out of
move_pfn_range into zone_for_pfn_range helper and use it in
show_valid_zones to display the zone for default onlining and then both
kernel and movable if they are allowed. Default online zone is not
duplicated.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170714121233.16861-2-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <yasu.isimatu@gmail.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Kani Toshimitsu <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: <slaoub@gmail.com>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Heiko Carstens has noticed that he can generate overlapping zones for
ZONE_DMA and ZONE_NORMAL:
DMA [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000007fffffff]
Normal [mem 0x0000000080000000-0x000000017fffffff]
$ cat /sys/devices/system/memory/block_size_bytes
10000000
$ cat /sys/devices/system/memory/memory5/valid_zones
DMA
$ echo 0 > /sys/devices/system/memory/memory5/online
$ cat /sys/devices/system/memory/memory5/valid_zones
Normal
$ echo 1 > /sys/devices/system/memory/memory5/online
Normal
$ cat /proc/zoneinfo
Node 0, zone DMA
spanned 524288 <-----
present 458752
managed 455078
start_pfn: 0 <-----
Node 0, zone Normal
spanned 720896
present 589824
managed 571648
start_pfn: 327680 <-----
The reason is that we assume that the default zone for kernel onlining
is ZONE_NORMAL. This was a simplification introduced by the memory
hotplug rework and it is easily fixable by checking the range overlap in
the zone order and considering the first matching zone as the default
one. If there is no such zone then assume ZONE_NORMAL as we have been
doing so far.
Fixes: "mm, memory_hotplug: do not associate hotadded memory to zones until online"
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170601083746.4924-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The current memory hotplug implementation relies on having all the
struct pages associate with a zone/node during the physical hotplug
phase (arch_add_memory->__add_pages->__add_section->__add_zone). In the
vast majority of cases this means that they are added to ZONE_NORMAL.
This has been so since 9d99aaa31f ("[PATCH] x86_64: Support memory
hotadd without sparsemem") and it wasn't a big deal back then because
movable onlining didn't exist yet.
Much later memory hotplug wanted to (ab)use ZONE_MOVABLE for movable
onlining 511c2aba8f ("mm, memory-hotplug: dynamic configure movable
memory and portion memory") and then things got more complicated.
Rather than reconsidering the zone association which was no longer
needed (because the memory hotplug already depended on SPARSEMEM) a
convoluted semantic of zone shifting has been developed. Only the
currently last memblock or the one adjacent to the zone_movable can be
onlined movable. This essentially means that the online type changes as
the new memblocks are added.
Let's simulate memory hot online manually
$ echo 0x100000000 > /sys/devices/system/memory/probe
$ grep . /sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones
Normal Movable
$ echo $((0x100000000+(128<<20))) > /sys/devices/system/memory/probe
$ grep . /sys/devices/system/memory/memory3?/valid_zones
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable
$ echo $((0x100000000+2*(128<<20))) > /sys/devices/system/memory/probe
$ grep . /sys/devices/system/memory/memory3?/valid_zones
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Normal Movable
$ echo online_movable > /sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/state
$ grep . /sys/devices/system/memory/memory3?/valid_zones
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Movable Normal
This is an awkward semantic because an udev event is sent as soon as the
block is onlined and an udev handler might want to online it based on
some policy (e.g. association with a node) but it will inherently race
with new blocks showing up.
This patch changes the physical online phase to not associate pages with
any zone at all. All the pages are just marked reserved and wait for
the onlining phase to be associated with the zone as per the online
request. There are only two requirements
- existing ZONE_NORMAL and ZONE_MOVABLE cannot overlap
- ZONE_NORMAL precedes ZONE_MOVABLE in physical addresses
the latter one is not an inherent requirement and can be changed in the
future. It preserves the current behavior and made the code slightly
simpler. This is subject to change in future.
This means that the same physical online steps as above will lead to the
following state: Normal Movable
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal Movable
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal Movable
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Normal Movable
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory32/valid_zones:Normal Movable
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory33/valid_zones:Normal Movable
/sys/devices/system/memory/memory34/valid_zones:Movable
Implementation:
The current move_pfn_range is reimplemented to check the above
requirements (allow_online_pfn_range) and then updates the respective
zone (move_pfn_range_to_zone), the pgdat and links all the pages in the
pfn range with the zone/node. __add_pages is updated to not require the
zone and only initializes sections in the range. This allowed to
simplify the arch_add_memory code (s390 could get rid of quite some of
code).
devm_memremap_pages is the only user of arch_add_memory which relies on
the zone association because it only hooks into the memory hotplug only
half way. It uses it to associate the new memory with ZONE_DEVICE but
doesn't allow it to be {on,off}lined via sysfs. This means that this
particular code path has to call move_pfn_range_to_zone explicitly.
The original zone shifting code is kept in place and will be removed in
the follow up patch for an easier review.
Please note that this patch also changes the original behavior when
offlining a memory block adjacent to another zone (Normal vs. Movable)
used to allow to change its movable type. This will be handled later.
[richard.weiyang@gmail.com: simplify zone_intersects()]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170616092335.5177-1-richard.weiyang@gmail.com
[richard.weiyang@gmail.com: remove duplicate call for set_page_links]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170616092335.5177-2-richard.weiyang@gmail.com
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unused local `i']
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515085827.16474-12-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Tested-by: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> # For s390 bits
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Tobias Regnery <tobias.regnery@gmail.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
is_pageblock_removable_nolock() relies on having zone association to
examine all the page blocks to check whether they are movable or free.
This is just wasting of cycles when the memblock is offline. Later
patch in the series will also change the time when the page is
associated with a zone so we let's bail out early if the memblock is
offline.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515085827.16474-7-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Tobias Regnery <tobias.regnery@gmail.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Device memory hotplug hooks into regular memory hotplug only half way.
It needs memory sections to track struct pages but there is no
need/desire to associate those sections with memory blocks and export
them to the userspace via sysfs because they cannot be onlined anyway.
This is currently expressed by for_device argument to arch_add_memory
which then makes sure to associate the given memory range with
ZONE_DEVICE. register_new_memory then relies on is_zone_device_section
to distinguish special memory hotplug from the regular one. While this
works now, later patches in this series want to move __add_zone outside
of arch_add_memory path so we have to come up with something else.
Add want_memblock down the __add_pages path and use it to control
whether the section->memblock association should be done.
arch_add_memory then just trivially want memblock for everything but
for_device hotplug.
remove_memory_section doesn't need is_zone_device_section either. We
can simply skip all the memblock specific cleanup if there is no
memblock for the given section.
This shouldn't introduce any functional change.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170515085827.16474-5-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Tested-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Tobias Regnery <tobias.regnery@gmail.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are a number of times that we loop over NR_MEM_SECTIONS, looking
for section_present() on each section. But, when we have very large
physical address spaces (large MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS), NR_MEM_SECTIONS
becomes very large, making the loops quite long.
With MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS=46 and a section size of 128MB, the current loops
are 512k iterations, which we barely notice on modern hardware. But,
raising MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS higher (like we will see on systems that
support 5-level paging) makes this 64x longer and we start to notice,
especially on slower systems like simulators. A 10-second delay for
512k iterations is annoying. But, a 640- second delay is crippling.
This does not help if we have extremely sparse physical address spaces,
but those are quite rare. We expect that most of the "slow" systems
where this matters will also be quite small and non-sparse.
To fix this, we track the highest section we've ever encountered. This
lets us know when we will *never* see another section_present(), and
lets us break out of the loops earlier.
Doing the whole for_each_present_section_nr() macro is probably
overkill, but it will ensure that any future loop iterations that we
grow are more likely to be correct.
Kirrill said "It shaved almost 40 seconds from boot time in qemu with
5-level paging enabled for me".
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170504174434.C45A4735@viggo.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 31bc3858ea ("add automatic onlining policy for the newly added
memory") provides the capability to have added memory automatically
onlined during add, but this appears to be slightly broken.
The current implementation uses walk_memory_range() to call
online_memory_block, which uses memory_block_change_state() to online
the memory. Instead, we should be calling device_online() for the
memory block in online_memory_block(). This would online the memory
(the memory bus online routine memory_subsys_online() called from
device_online calls memory_block_change_state()) and properly update the
device struct offline flag.
As a result of the current implementation, attempting to remove a memory
block after adding it using auto online fails. This is because doing a
remove, for instance
echo offline > /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/state
uses device_offline() which checks the dev->offline flag.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170222220744.8119.19687.stgit@ltcalpine2-lp14.aus.stglabs.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Nathan Fontenot <nfont@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Michael Roth <mdroth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reading a sysfs "memoryN/valid_zones" file leads to the following oops
when the first page of a range is not backed by struct page.
show_valid_zones() assumes that 'start_pfn' is always valid for
page_zone().
BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffffea017a000000
IP: show_valid_zones+0x6f/0x160
This issue may happen on x86-64 systems with 64GiB or more memory since
their memory block size is bumped up to 2GiB. [1] An example of such
systems is desribed below. 0x3240000000 is only aligned by 1GiB and
this memory block starts from 0x3200000000, which is not backed by
struct page.
BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000003240000000-0x000000603fffffff] usable
Since test_pages_in_a_zone() already checks holes, fix this issue by
extending this function to return 'valid_start' and 'valid_end' for a
given range. show_valid_zones() then proceeds with the valid range.
[1] 'Commit bdee237c03 ("x86: mm: Use 2GB memory block size on
large-memory x86-64 systems")'
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170127222149.30893-3-toshi.kani@hpe.com
Signed-off-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Zhang Zhen <zhenzhang.zhang@huawei.com>
Cc: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.4+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
online_{kernel|movable} is used to change the memory zone to
ZONE_{NORMAL|MOVABLE} and online the memory.
To check that memory zone can be changed, zone_can_shift() is used.
Currently the function returns minus integer value, plus integer
value and 0. When the function returns minus or plus integer value,
it means that the memory zone can be changed to ZONE_{NORNAL|MOVABLE}.
But when the function returns 0, there are two meanings.
One of the meanings is that the memory zone does not need to be changed.
For example, when memory is in ZONE_NORMAL and onlined by online_kernel
the memory zone does not need to be changed.
Another meaning is that the memory zone cannot be changed. When memory
is in ZONE_NORMAL and onlined by online_movable, the memory zone may
not be changed to ZONE_MOVALBE due to memory online limitation(see
Documentation/memory-hotplug.txt). In this case, memory must not be
onlined.
The patch changes the return type of zone_can_shift() so that memory
online operation fails when memory zone cannot be changed as follows:
Before applying patch:
# grep -A 35 "Node 2" /proc/zoneinfo
Node 2, zone Normal
<snip>
node_scanned 0
spanned 8388608
present 7864320
managed 7864320
# echo online_movable > memory4097/state
# grep -A 35 "Node 2" /proc/zoneinfo
Node 2, zone Normal
<snip>
node_scanned 0
spanned 8388608
present 8388608
managed 8388608
online_movable operation succeeded. But memory is onlined as
ZONE_NORMAL, not ZONE_MOVABLE.
After applying patch:
# grep -A 35 "Node 2" /proc/zoneinfo
Node 2, zone Normal
<snip>
node_scanned 0
spanned 8388608
present 7864320
managed 7864320
# echo online_movable > memory4097/state
bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument
# grep -A 35 "Node 2" /proc/zoneinfo
Node 2, zone Normal
<snip>
node_scanned 0
spanned 8388608
present 7864320
managed 7864320
online_movable operation failed because of failure of changing
the memory zone from ZONE_NORMAL to ZONE_MOVABLE
Fixes: df429ac039 ("memory-hotplug: more general validation of zone during online")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/2f9c3837-33d7-b6e5-59c0-6ca4372b2d84@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This was entirely automated, using the script by Al:
PATT='^[[:blank:]]*#[[:blank:]]*include[[:blank:]]*<asm/uaccess.h>'
sed -i -e "s!$PATT!#include <linux/uaccess.h>!" \
$(git grep -l "$PATT"|grep -v ^include/linux/uaccess.h)
to do the replacement at the end of the merge window.
Requested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 71fbd556ad ("memory-hotplug: remove redundant call of page_to_pfn")
introduced an optimization that rendered 'struct page* first_page'
useless in memory_block_action(). Compiling with W=1 gives the
following warning, fix it.
drivers/base/memory.c: In function ‘memory_block_action’:
drivers/base/memory.c:229:15: warning: variable ‘first_page’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
struct page *first_page;
^
This is a harmeless warning and is only being fixed to reduce the
noise with W=1 in the kernel. The call to pfn_to_page() has no side
effects and is safe to remove.
Fixes: 71fbd556ad ("memory-hotplug: remove redundant call of page_to_pfn")
Cc: Zhang Zhen <zhenzhang.zhang@huawei.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Kirtika Ruchandani <kirtika@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
If store_mem_state() is called to online memory which is already online,
it will return 1, the value it got from device_online().
This is wrong because store_mem_state() is a device_attribute .store
function. Thus a non-negative return value represents input bytes read.
Set the return value to -EINVAL in this case.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472743777-24266-1-git-send-email-arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Yaowei Bai <baiyaowei@cmss.chinamobile.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Cc: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Banman <abanman@sgi.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since zone_can_shift() is being used to validate the target zone during
onlining, it should also be used to determine the content of
valid_zones.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1462816419-4479-4-git-send-email-arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Reza Arbab <arbab@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewd-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Cc: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Andrew Banman <abanman@sgi.com>
Cc: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Zhang Zhen <zhenzhang.zhang@huawei.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, all newly added memory blocks remain in 'offline' state
unless someone onlines them, some linux distributions carry special udev
rules like:
SUBSYSTEM=="memory", ACTION=="add", ATTR{state}=="offline", ATTR{state}="online"
to make this happen automatically. This is not a great solution for
virtual machines where memory hotplug is being used to address high
memory pressure situations as such onlining is slow and a userspace
process doing this (udev) has a chance of being killed by the OOM killer
as it will probably require to allocate some memory.
Introduce default policy for the newly added memory blocks in
/sys/devices/system/memory/auto_online_blocks file with two possible
values: "offline" which preserves the current behavior and "online"
which causes all newly added memory blocks to go online as soon as
they're added. The default is "offline".
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Daniel Kiper <daniel.kiper@oracle.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Vrabel <david.vrabel@citrix.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: "K. Y. Srinivasan" <kys@microsoft.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Prevent userspace from trying and failing to online ZONE_DEVICE pages
which are meant to never be onlined.
For example on platforms with a udev rule like the following:
SUBSYSTEM=="memory", ACTION=="add", ATTR{state}=="offline", ATTR{state}="online"
...will generate futile attempts to online the ZONE_DEVICE sections.
Example kernel messages:
Built 1 zonelists in Node order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 1004747
Policy zone: Normal
online_pages [mem 0x248000000-0x24fffffff] failed
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix a bug where a kernel warning is triggered when performing a memory
hotplug on ppc64. This warning may also occur on any architecture that
uses the memory_probe_store interface.
WARNING: at drivers/base/memory.c:200
CPU: 9 PID: 13042 Comm: systemd-udevd Not tainted 4.4.0-rc4-00113-g0bd0f1e-dirty #7
NIP [c00000000055e034] pages_correctly_reserved+0x134/0x1b0
LR [c00000000055e7f8] memory_subsys_online+0x68/0x140
Call Trace:
memory_subsys_online+0x68/0x140
device_online+0xb4/0x120
store_mem_state+0xb0/0x180
dev_attr_store+0x34/0x60
sysfs_kf_write+0x64/0xa0
kernfs_fop_write+0x17c/0x1e0
__vfs_write+0x40/0x160
vfs_write+0xb8/0x200
SyS_write+0x60/0x110
system_call+0x38/0xd0
The warning is triggered because there is a udev rule that automatically
tries to online memory after it has been added. The udev rule varies
from distro to distro, but will generally look something like:
SUBSYSTEM=="memory", ACTION=="add", ATTR{state}=="offline", ATTR{state}="online"
On any architecture that uses memory_probe_store to reserve memory, the
udev rule will be triggered after the first section of the block is
reserved and will subsequently attempt to online the entire block,
interrupting the memory reservation process and causing the warning.
This patch modifies memory_probe_store to add a block of memory with a
single call to add_memory as opposed to looping through and adding each
section individually. A single call to add_memory is protected by the
mem_hotplug mutex which will prevent the udev rule from onlining memory
until the reservation of the entire block is complete.
Signed-off-by: John Allen <jallen@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Nathan Fontenot <nfont@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The function removes a section, not a block. Rename to reflect actual
functionality.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>
Cc: Andrew Banman <abanman@sgi.com>
Cc: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Russ Anderson <rja@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Right now, section_count is calculated in add_memory_block(). However,
init_memory_block() increments section_count as well, which, at first,
seems like it would lead to an off-by-one error. There is no harm done
because add_memory_block() immediately overwrites the
mem->section_count, but it is messy.
This commit moves the increment out of the common init_memory_block()
(called by both add_memory_block() and register_new_memory()) and adds
it to register_new_memory().
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>
Cc: Andrew Banman <abanman@sgi.com>
Cc: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Russ Anderson <rja@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit bdee237c03 ("x86: mm: Use 2GB memory block size on large-memory
x86-64 systems") and 982792c782 ("x86, mm: probe memory block size for
generic x86 64bit") introduced large block sizes for x86. This made it
possible to have multiple sections per memory block where previously,
there was a only every one section per block.
Since blocks consist of contiguous ranges of section, there can be holes
in the blocks where sections are not present. If one attempts to
offline such a block, a crash occurs since the code is not designed to
deal with this.
This patch is a quick fix to gaurd against the crash by not allowing
blocks with non-present sections to be offlined.
Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=107781
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjennings@variantweb.net>
Reported-by: Andrew Banman <abanman@sgi.com>
Cc: Daniel J Blueman <daniel@numascale.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Russ Anderson <rja@sgi.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There's a deadlock when concurrently hot-adding memory through the probe
interface and switching a memory block from offline to online.
When hot-adding memory via the probe interface, add_memory() first takes
mem_hotplug_begin() and then device_lock() is later taken when registering
the newly initialized memory block. This creates a lock dependency of (1)
mem_hotplug.lock (2) dev->mutex.
When switching a memory block from offline to online, dev->mutex is first
grabbed in device_online() when the write(2) transitions an existing
memory block from offline to online, and then online_pages() will take
mem_hotplug_begin().
This creates a lock inversion between mem_hotplug.lock and dev->mutex.
Vitaly reports that this deadlock can happen when kworker handling a probe
event races with systemd-udevd switching a memory block's state.
This patch requires the state transition to take mem_hotplug_begin()
before dev->mutex. Hot-adding memory via the probe interface creates a
memory block while holding mem_hotplug_begin(), there is no way to take
dev->mutex first in this case.
online_pages() and offline_pages() are only called when transitioning
memory block state. We now require that mem_hotplug_begin() is taken
before calling them -- this requires exporting the mem_hotplug_begin() and
mem_hotplug_done() to generic code. In all hot-add and hot-remove cases,
mem_hotplug_begin() is done prior to device_online(). This is all that is
needed to avoid the deadlock.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reported-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Cc: "K. Y. Srinivasan" <kys@microsoft.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Zhang Zhen <zhenzhang.zhang@huawei.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use macro section_nr_to_pfn() to switch between section and pfn, instead
of open-coding it. No semantic changes.
Signed-off-by: Sheng Yong <shengyong1@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch changes spaces to tabs. Found using checkpatch.pl
Signed-off-by: Ioana Ciornei <ciorneiioana@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This is just a small optimization. The start_pfn can be obtained directly
by phys_index << PFN_SECTION_SHIFT. So the call of page_to_pfn() is
redundant and remove it.
Signed-off-by: Zhang Zhen <zhenzhang.zhang@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently memory-hotplug has two limits:
1. If the memory block is in ZONE_NORMAL, you can change it to
ZONE_MOVABLE, but this memory block must be adjacent to ZONE_MOVABLE.
2. If the memory block is in ZONE_MOVABLE, you can change it to
ZONE_NORMAL, but this memory block must be adjacent to ZONE_NORMAL.
With this patch, we can easy to know a memory block can be onlined to
which zone, and don't need to know the above two limits.
Updated the related Documentation.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use conventional comment layout]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build with CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE=n]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unused local zone_prev]
Signed-off-by: Zhang Zhen <zhenzhang.zhang@huawei.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use the newer and more pleasant kstrtoull() to replace
simple_strtoull(), because simple_strtoull() is marked for obsoletion.
Signed-off-by: Zhang Zhen <zhenzhang.zhang@huawei.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In store_mem_state(), we have:
...
334 else if (!strncmp(buf, "offline", min_t(int, count, 7)))
335 online_type = -1;
...
355 case -1:
356 ret = device_offline(&mem->dev);
357 break;
...
Here, "offline" is hard coded as -1.
This patch does the following renaming:
ONLINE_KEEP -> MMOP_ONLINE_KEEP
ONLINE_KERNEL -> MMOP_ONLINE_KERNEL
ONLINE_MOVABLE -> MMOP_ONLINE_MOVABLE
and introduces MMOP_OFFLINE = -1 to avoid hard coding.
Signed-off-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hu Tao <hutao@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Gu Zheng <guz.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We use the following command to online a memory_block:
echo online|online_kernel|online_movable > /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/state
But, if we do the following:
echo online_fhsjkghfkd > /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryXXX/state
the block will also be onlined.
This is because the following code in store_mem_state() does not compare
the whole string, but only the prefix of the string.
store_mem_state()
{
......
328 if (!strncmp(buf, "online_kernel", min_t(int, count, 13)))
Here, only compare the first 13 letters of the string. If we give "online_kernelXXXXXX",
it will be recognized as online_kernel, which is incorrect.
329 online_type = ONLINE_KERNEL;
330 else if (!strncmp(buf, "online_movable", min_t(int, count, 14)))
We have the same problem here,
331 online_type = ONLINE_MOVABLE;
332 else if (!strncmp(buf, "online", min_t(int, count, 6)))
here,
(Here is more problematic. If we give online_movalbe, which is a typo
of online_movable, it will be recognized as online without noticing the
author.)
333 online_type = ONLINE_KEEP;
334 else if (!strncmp(buf, "offline", min_t(int, count, 7)))
and here.
335 online_type = -1;
336 else {
337 ret = -EINVAL;
338 goto err;
339 }
......
}
This patch fixes this problem by using sysfs_streq() to compare the
whole string.
Signed-off-by: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reported-by: Hu Tao <hutao@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Gu Zheng <guz.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Seems we all agree that information about SECTION, e.g. section size,
sections per memory block should be kept as kernel internals, and not
exposed to userspace.
This patch updates Documentation/memory-hotplug.txt to refer to memory
blocks instead of memory sections where appropriate and added a
paragraph to explain that memory blocks are made of memory sections.
The documentation update is mostly provided by Nathan.
Also, as end_phys_index in code is actually not the end section id, but
the end memory block id, which should always be the same as phys_index.
So it is removed here.
Signed-off-by: Li Zhong <zhong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhang Yanfei <zhangyanfei@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When inserting a wrong value to /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/state file,
following messages are shown. And device_hotplug_lock is never released.
================================================
[ BUG: lock held when returning to user space! ]
3.12.0-rc4-debug+ #3 Tainted: G W
------------------------------------------------
bash/6442 is leaving the kernel with locks still held!
1 lock held by bash/6442:
#0: (device_hotplug_lock){+.+.+.}, at: [<ffffffff8146cbb5>] lock_device_hotplug_sysfs+0x15/0x50
This issue was introdued by commit fa2be40 (drivers: base: use standard
device online/offline for state change).
This patch releases device_hotplug_lcok when store_mem_state returns EINVAL.
Signed-off-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
CC: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
1) ACPI-based PCI hotplug (ACPIPHP) subsystem rework and introduction
of Intel Thunderbolt support on systems that use ACPI for signalling
Thunderbolt hotplug events. This also should make ACPIPHP work in
some cases in which it was known to have problems. From
Rafael J Wysocki, Mika Westerberg and Kirill A Shutemov.
2) ACPI core code cleanups and dock station support cleanups from
Jiang Liu and Rafael J Wysocki.
3) Fixes for locking problems related to ACPI device hotplug from
Rafael J Wysocki.
4) ACPICA update to version 20130725 includig fixes, cleanups, support
for more than 256 GPEs per GPE block and a change to make the ACPI
PM Timer optional (we've seen systems without the PM Timer in the
field already). One of the fixes, related to the DeRefOf operator,
is necessary to prevent some Windows 8 oriented AML from causing
problems to happen. From Bob Moore, Lv Zheng, and Jung-uk Kim.
5) Removal of the old and long deprecated /proc/acpi/event interface
and related driver changes from Thomas Renninger.
6) ACPI and Xen changes to make the reduced hardware sleep work with
the latter from Ben Guthro.
7) ACPI video driver cleanups and a blacklist of systems that should
not tell the BIOS that they are compatible with Windows 8 (or ACPI
backlight and possibly other things will not work on them). From
Felipe Contreras.
8) Assorted ACPI fixes and cleanups from Aaron Lu, Hanjun Guo,
Kuppuswamy Sathyanarayanan, Lan Tianyu, Sachin Kamat, Tang Chen,
Toshi Kani, and Wei Yongjun.
9) cpufreq ondemand governor target frequency selection change to
reduce oscillations between min and max frequencies (essentially,
it causes the governor to choose target frequencies proportional
to load) from Stratos Karafotis.
10) cpufreq fixes allowing sysfs attributes file permissions to be
preserved over suspend/resume cycles Srivatsa S Bhat.
11) Removal of Device Tree parsing for CPU device nodes from multiple
cpufreq drivers that required some changes related to
of_get_cpu_node() to be made in a few architectures and in the
driver core. From Sudeep KarkadaNagesha.
12) cpufreq core fixes and cleanups related to mutual exclusion and
driver module references from Viresh Kumar, Lukasz Majewski and
Rafael J Wysocki.
13) Assorted cpufreq fixes and cleanups from Amit Daniel Kachhap,
Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz, Hanjun Guo, Jingoo Han, Joseph Lo,
Julia Lawall, Li Zhong, Mark Brown, Sascha Hauer, Stephen Boyd,
Stratos Karafotis, and Viresh Kumar.
14) Fixes to prevent race conditions in coupled cpuidle from happening
from Colin Cross.
15) cpuidle core fixes and cleanups from Daniel Lezcano and
Tuukka Tikkanen.
16) Assorted cpuidle fixes and cleanups from Daniel Lezcano,
Geert Uytterhoeven, Jingoo Han, Julia Lawall, Linus Walleij,
and Sahara.
17) System sleep tracing changes from Todd E Brandt and Shuah Khan.
18) PNP subsystem conversion to using struct dev_pm_ops for power
management from Shuah Khan.
/
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Merge tag 'pm+acpi-3.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm
Pull ACPI and power management updates from Rafael Wysocki:
1) ACPI-based PCI hotplug (ACPIPHP) subsystem rework and introduction
of Intel Thunderbolt support on systems that use ACPI for signalling
Thunderbolt hotplug events. This also should make ACPIPHP work in
some cases in which it was known to have problems. From
Rafael J Wysocki, Mika Westerberg and Kirill A Shutemov.
2) ACPI core code cleanups and dock station support cleanups from
Jiang Liu and Rafael J Wysocki.
3) Fixes for locking problems related to ACPI device hotplug from
Rafael J Wysocki.
4) ACPICA update to version 20130725 includig fixes, cleanups, support
for more than 256 GPEs per GPE block and a change to make the ACPI
PM Timer optional (we've seen systems without the PM Timer in the
field already). One of the fixes, related to the DeRefOf operator,
is necessary to prevent some Windows 8 oriented AML from causing
problems to happen. From Bob Moore, Lv Zheng, and Jung-uk Kim.
5) Removal of the old and long deprecated /proc/acpi/event interface
and related driver changes from Thomas Renninger.
6) ACPI and Xen changes to make the reduced hardware sleep work with
the latter from Ben Guthro.
7) ACPI video driver cleanups and a blacklist of systems that should
not tell the BIOS that they are compatible with Windows 8 (or ACPI
backlight and possibly other things will not work on them). From
Felipe Contreras.
8) Assorted ACPI fixes and cleanups from Aaron Lu, Hanjun Guo,
Kuppuswamy Sathyanarayanan, Lan Tianyu, Sachin Kamat, Tang Chen,
Toshi Kani, and Wei Yongjun.
9) cpufreq ondemand governor target frequency selection change to
reduce oscillations between min and max frequencies (essentially,
it causes the governor to choose target frequencies proportional
to load) from Stratos Karafotis.
10) cpufreq fixes allowing sysfs attributes file permissions to be
preserved over suspend/resume cycles Srivatsa S Bhat.
11) Removal of Device Tree parsing for CPU device nodes from multiple
cpufreq drivers that required some changes related to
of_get_cpu_node() to be made in a few architectures and in the
driver core. From Sudeep KarkadaNagesha.
12) cpufreq core fixes and cleanups related to mutual exclusion and
driver module references from Viresh Kumar, Lukasz Majewski and
Rafael J Wysocki.
13) Assorted cpufreq fixes and cleanups from Amit Daniel Kachhap,
Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz, Hanjun Guo, Jingoo Han, Joseph Lo,
Julia Lawall, Li Zhong, Mark Brown, Sascha Hauer, Stephen Boyd,
Stratos Karafotis, and Viresh Kumar.
14) Fixes to prevent race conditions in coupled cpuidle from happening
from Colin Cross.
15) cpuidle core fixes and cleanups from Daniel Lezcano and
Tuukka Tikkanen.
16) Assorted cpuidle fixes and cleanups from Daniel Lezcano,
Geert Uytterhoeven, Jingoo Han, Julia Lawall, Linus Walleij,
and Sahara.
17) System sleep tracing changes from Todd E Brandt and Shuah Khan.
18) PNP subsystem conversion to using struct dev_pm_ops for power
management from Shuah Khan.
* tag 'pm+acpi-3.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (217 commits)
cpufreq: Don't use smp_processor_id() in preemptible context
cpuidle: coupled: fix race condition between pokes and safe state
cpuidle: coupled: abort idle if pokes are pending
cpuidle: coupled: disable interrupts after entering safe state
ACPI / hotplug: Remove containers synchronously
driver core / ACPI: Avoid device hot remove locking issues
cpufreq: governor: Fix typos in comments
cpufreq: governors: Remove duplicate check of target freq in supported range
cpufreq: Fix timer/workqueue corruption due to double queueing
ACPI / EC: Add ASUSTEK L4R to quirk list in order to validate ECDT
ACPI / thermal: Add check of "_TZD" availability and evaluating result
cpufreq: imx6q: Fix clock enable balance
ACPI: blacklist win8 OSI for buggy laptops
cpufreq: tegra: fix the wrong clock name
cpuidle: Change struct menu_device field types
cpuidle: Add a comment warning about possible overflow
cpuidle: Fix variable domains in get_typical_interval()
cpuidle: Fix menu_device->intervals type
cpuidle: CodingStyle: Break up multiple assignments on single line
cpuidle: Check called function parameter in get_typical_interval()
...
Here's the big driver core pull request for 3.12-rc1.
Lots of tiny changes here fixing up the way sysfs attributes are
created, to try to make drivers simpler, and fix a whole class race
conditions with creations of device attributes after the device was
announced to userspace.
All the various pieces are acked by the different subsystem maintainers.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Merge tag 'driver-core-3.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core
Pull driver core patches from Greg KH:
"Here's the big driver core pull request for 3.12-rc1.
Lots of tiny changes here fixing up the way sysfs attributes are
created, to try to make drivers simpler, and fix a whole class race
conditions with creations of device attributes after the device was
announced to userspace.
All the various pieces are acked by the different subsystem
maintainers"
* tag 'driver-core-3.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/driver-core: (119 commits)
firmware loader: fix pending_fw_head list corruption
drivers/base/memory.c: introduce help macro to_memory_block
dynamic debug: line queries failing due to uninitialized local variable
sysfs: sysfs_create_groups returns a value.
debugfs: provide debugfs_create_x64() when disabled
rbd: convert bus code to use bus_groups
firmware: dcdbas: use binary attribute groups
sysfs: add sysfs_create/remove_groups for when SYSFS is not enabled
driver core: add #include <linux/sysfs.h> to core files.
HID: convert bus code to use dev_groups
Input: serio: convert bus code to use drv_groups
Input: gameport: convert bus code to use drv_groups
driver core: firmware: use __ATTR_RW()
driver core: core: use DEVICE_ATTR_RO
driver core: bus: use DRIVER_ATTR_WO()
driver core: create write-only attribute macros for devices and drivers
sysfs: create __ATTR_WO()
driver-core: platform: convert bus code to use dev_groups
workqueue: convert bus code to use dev_groups
MEI: convert bus code to use dev_groups
...
device_hotplug_lock is held around the acpi_bus_trim() call in
acpi_scan_hot_remove() which generally removes devices (it removes
ACPI device objects at least, but it may also remove "physical"
device objects through .detach() callbacks of ACPI scan handlers).
Thus, potentially, device sysfs attributes are removed under that
lock and to remove those attributes it is necessary to hold the
s_active references of their directory entries for writing.
On the other hand, the execution of a .show() or .store() callback
from a sysfs attribute is carried out with that attribute's s_active
reference held for reading. Consequently, if any device sysfs
attribute that may be removed from within acpi_scan_hot_remove()
through acpi_bus_trim() has a .store() or .show() callback which
acquires device_hotplug_lock, the execution of that callback may
deadlock with the removal of the attribute. [Unfortunately, the
"online" device attribute of CPUs and memory blocks is one of them.]
To avoid such deadlocks, make all of the sysfs attribute callbacks
that need to lock device hotplug, for example store_online(), use
a special function, lock_device_hotplug_sysfs(), to lock device
hotplug and return the result of that function immediately if it is
not zero. This will cause the s_active reference of the directory
entry in question to be released and the syscall to be restarted
if device_hotplug_lock cannot be acquired.
[show_online() actually doesn't need to lock device hotplug, but
it is useful to serialize it with respect to device_offline() and
device_online() for the same device (in case user space attempts to
run them concurrently) which can be done with the help of
device_lock().]
Reported-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reported-and-tested-by: Gu Zheng <guz.fnst@cn.fujitsu.com>
Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Acked-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hp.com>
There are two ways to set the online/offline state for a memory block:
echo 0|1 > online and echo online|online_kernel|online_movable|offline >
state.
The state attribute can online a memory block with extra data, the
"online type", where the online attribute uses a default online type of
ONLINE_KEEP, same as echo online > state.
Currently there is a state_mutex that provides consistency between the
memory block state and the underlying memory.
The problem is that this code does a lot of things that the common
device layer can do for us, such as the serialization of the
online/offline handlers using the device lock, setting the dev->offline
field, and calling kobject_uevent().
This patch refactors the online/offline code to allow the common
device_[online|offline] functions to be used. The result is a simpler
and more common code path for the two state setting mechanisms. It also
removes the state_mutex from the struct memory_block as the memory block
device lock provides the state consistency.
No functional change is intended by this patch.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Right now memory_dev_init() maintains the memory block pointer
between iterations of add_memory_section(). This is nasty.
This patch refactors add_memory_section() to become add_memory_block().
The refactoring pulls the section scanning out of memory_dev_init()
and simplifies the signature.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The path through add_memory_section() when the memory block already
exists uses flawed refcounting logic. A get_device() is done on a
memory block using a pointer that might not be valid as we dropped
our previous reference and didn't obtain a new reference in the
proper way.
Lets stop pretending and just remove the get/put. The
mem_sysfs_mutex, which we hold over the entire init loop now, will
prevent the memory blocks from disappearing from under us.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Now that add_memory_section() is only called from boot time, reduce
the logic and remove the enum.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
add_memory_section() is currently called from both boot time and run
time via hotplug and there is a lot of nastiness to allow for shared
code including an enum parameter to convey the calling context to
add_memory_section().
This patch is the first step in breaking up the messy code sharing by
pulling the hotplug path for add_memory_section() directly into
register_new_memory().
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Use the [get|put]_device functions for ref'ing the memory block device
rather than the kobject functions which should be hidden away by the
device layer.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The error variable is not needed.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
There is no point in releasing the mutex for each section that is added
during boot time. Just hold it over the entire initialization loop.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The usage of strict_strto*() is not preferred, because
strict_strto*() is obsolete. Thus, kstrto*() should be
used.
Signed-off-by: Jingoo Han <jg1.han@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
