Some uncore metrics don't work as expected. For example, on
cascadelakex:
root@lkp-csl-2sp2:~# perf stat -M UNC_M_PMM_BANDWIDTH.TOTAL -a -- sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
1841092 unc_m_pmm_rpq_inserts
3680816 unc_m_pmm_wpq_inserts
1.001775055 seconds time elapsed
root@lkp-csl-2sp2:~# perf stat -M UNC_M_PMM_READ_LATENCY -a -- sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
860649746 unc_m_pmm_rpq_occupancy.all
1840557 unc_m_pmm_rpq_inserts
12790627455 unc_m_clockticks
1.001773348 seconds time elapsed
No metrics 'UNC_M_PMM_BANDWIDTH.TOTAL' or 'UNC_M_PMM_READ_LATENCY' are
reported.
The issue is, the case of an alias expanding to mulitple events is not
supported, typically the uncore events. (see comments in
find_evsel_group()).
For UNC_M_PMM_BANDWIDTH.TOTAL in above example, the expanded event group
is '{unc_m_pmm_rpq_inserts,unc_m_pmm_wpq_inserts}:W', but the actual
events passed to find_evsel_group are:
unc_m_pmm_rpq_inserts
unc_m_pmm_rpq_inserts
unc_m_pmm_rpq_inserts
unc_m_pmm_rpq_inserts
unc_m_pmm_rpq_inserts
unc_m_pmm_rpq_inserts
unc_m_pmm_wpq_inserts
unc_m_pmm_wpq_inserts
unc_m_pmm_wpq_inserts
unc_m_pmm_wpq_inserts
unc_m_pmm_wpq_inserts
unc_m_pmm_wpq_inserts
For this multiple events case, it's not supported well.
This patch introduces a new field 'metric_leader' in struct evsel. The
first event is considered as a metric leader. For the rest of same
events, they point to the first event via it's metric_leader field in
struct evsel.
This design is for adding the counting results of all same events to the
first event in group (the metric_leader).
With this patch,
root@lkp-csl-2sp2:~# perf stat -M UNC_M_PMM_BANDWIDTH.TOTAL -a -- sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
1842108 unc_m_pmm_rpq_inserts # 337.2 MB/sec UNC_M_PMM_BANDWIDTH.TOTAL
3682209 unc_m_pmm_wpq_inserts
1.001819706 seconds time elapsed
root@lkp-csl-2sp2:~# perf stat -M UNC_M_PMM_READ_LATENCY -a -- sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
861970685 unc_m_pmm_rpq_occupancy.all # 219.4 ns UNC_M_PMM_READ_LATENCY
1842772 unc_m_pmm_rpq_inserts
12790196356 unc_m_clockticks
1.001749103 seconds time elapsed
Now we can see the correct metrics 'UNC_M_PMM_BANDWIDTH.TOTAL' and
'UNC_M_PMM_READ_LATENCY'.
Signed-off-by: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20190828055932.8269-5-yao.jin@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
No need for that _event suffix, do just like all the other meta events
and do away with that.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-bvc83f380dva83wlg52yd10t@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Even more, to have a "perf_record_" prefix, so that they match the
PERF_RECORD_ enum they map to.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-qbabmcz2a0pkzt72liyuz3p8@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
We don't need what is in perf's util/cpumap.h, just the struct cpu_map
that is in libperf's internal/cpumap.h file to cover this one case:
tools/perf/util/evsel.h:215:27: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type ‘struct perf_cpu_map’
215 | return evsel__cpus(evsel)->nr;
So switch to libperf's cpumap.h and add some missing struct foward
declarations and include sys/types.h to get pid_t.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-ufjkpohijti05ggk69s91ktf@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
And it was getting it by luck from util/cpumap.h that shouldn't be
included in util/evsel.h as it only needs what is in libperf, i.e.
struct cpu_map, that is in internal/cpumap.h, so add stdio.h before
we fix that.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-2ywx5sl031tj3zske7c7edgv@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
We added it in 07ac002f2f ("perf evsel: Introduce is_group_member
method") but we already ditched that function, and there was nothing
else left that needed NULL nor anything else from stddef.h, ditch it.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-1zy0xfsy61x81f3fpyx5znco@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
We need only a struct forward declaration, so prune the header
dependency tree a bit more.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-oqvgf04w4ku8xasrz79zquim@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Since util/evsel.h uses perf_evsel__cpus() that has its prototype in
libperf's perf/evsel.h file, we need it explicitely included.
This was working by luck as util/evsel.h includes counts.h, but that is
not necessary, just some forward declarations, so, before we remove
counts.h from util/evsel.h, add what is realli needed.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-nfb9e0t4jm9zhvr0q86hc29d@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
All we need in util/evsel.h is the foward declaration of 'struct
xyarray', not the internal/xyarray.h, that can be moved to util/evsel.c
and then we reduce the header dependency tree.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-wwqce6ixwcyq6yzx3ljrdm80@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The 'idx' member was added as preparation for AUX area sampling. Add a
comment to describe why.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/83ff264f-84c3-5372-8976-dd9293d20c6f@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Just like we do with the 'write_backwards' feature:
Before:
# perf record -e {intel_pt/branch=0/,cycles/aux-output/ppp} uname
Error:
The sys_perf_event_open() syscall returned with 22 (Invalid argument) for event (cycles/aux-output/ppp).
/bin/dmesg | grep -i perf may provide additional information.
#
After:
# perf record -e {intel_pt/branch=0/,cycles/aux-output/ppp} uname
Error:
The 'aux_output' feature is not supported, update the kernel.
#
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-wgjsjroe1e150c0metgwmqwd@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Expose the aux_output attribute flag to the user to configure, by adding a
config term 'aux-output'. For events that support it, selection of
'aux-output' causes the generation of AUX records instead of event records.
This requires that an AUX area event is also provided.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190806084606.4021-7-alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Add the following functions:
perf_evsel__cpus()
perf_evsel__threads()
to access the evsel's cpus and threads objects.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-68-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Move the following functions:
evsel__enable()
evsel__disable()
evsel__apply_filter()
to libperf with the following names:
perf_evsel__enable()
perf_evsel__disable()
perf_evsel__apply_filter()
Export only perf_evsel__enable()/disable(), keeping the
perf_evsel__apply_filter() one private for the moment.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-66-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Move the perf_evsel__read() function to libperf as a public interface
together with struct perf_counts_values for returning counter values.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-65-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Add perf_evsel__close() function to libperf while keeping a tools/perf
specific evsel__close() to free ids.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-64-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Move the nr_members member from perf's evsel to libperf's perf_evsel.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-60-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Move the xyarray class from perf to libperf, because it's going to be
used in both.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-58-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Mov the 'cpus' field from tools/perf's evsel to libperf's perf_evsel.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-51-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Move the perf_event_attr struct fron 'struct evsel' to 'struct perf_evsel'.
Committer notes:
Fixed up these:
tools/perf/arch/arm/util/auxtrace.c
tools/perf/arch/arm/util/cs-etm.c
tools/perf/arch/arm64/util/arm-spe.c
tools/perf/arch/s390/util/auxtrace.c
tools/perf/util/cs-etm.c
Also
cc1: warnings being treated as errors
tests/sample-parsing.c: In function 'do_test':
tests/sample-parsing.c:162: error: missing initializer
tests/sample-parsing.c:162: error: (near initialization for 'evsel.core.cpus')
struct evsel evsel = {
.needs_swap = false,
- .core.attr = {
- .sample_type = sample_type,
- .read_format = read_format,
+ .core = {
+ . attr = {
+ .sample_type = sample_type,
+ .read_format = read_format,
+ },
[perfbuilder@a70e4eeb5549 /]$ gcc --version |& head -1
gcc (GCC) 4.4.7
Also we don't need to include perf_event.h in
tools/perf/lib/include/perf/evsel.h, forward declaring 'struct
perf_event_attr' is enough. And this even fixes the build in some
systems where things are used somewhere down the include path from
perf_event.h without defining __always_inline.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-43-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Including perf_evsel in evsel object, will continue to move other
generic things into libperf's perf_evsel struct.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-36-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Rename perf_evsel__cpus() to evsel__cpus(), so we don't have a name
clash when we add perf_evsel__cpus() in libperf.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-19-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Rename perf_evsel__apply_filter() to evsel__apply_filter(), so we don't
have a name clash when we add perf_evsel__apply_filter() in libperf.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-18-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Renaming perf_evsel__disable() to evsel__disable(), so we don't have a
name clash when we add perf_evsel__disable() in libperf.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-17-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Rename perf_evsel__enable() to evsel__enable(), so we don't have a name
clash when we add perf_evsel__enable() in libperf.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-16-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Rename perf_evsel__open() to evsel__open(), so we don't have a name
clash when we add perf_evsel__open() in libperf.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-15-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Rename perf_evsel__new() to evsel__new(), so we don't have a name clash
when we add perf_evsel__new() in libperf.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-12-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Remame perf_evsel__delete() to evsel__delete(), so we don't have a name
clash when we add perf_evsel__delete() in libperf.
Also renaming perf_evsel__delete_priv() to evsel__delete_priv().
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-11-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Rename perf_evsel__init() to evsel__init(), so we don't have a name
clash when we add perf_evsel__init() in libperf.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-7-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Rename struct perf_evlist to struct evlist, so we don't have a name
clash when we add struct perf_evlist in libperf.
Committer notes:
Added fixes to build on arm64, from Jiri and from me
(tools/perf/util/cs-etm.c)
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-6-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Rename struct perf_evsel to struct evsel, so we don't have a name clash
when we add struct perf_evsel in libperf.
Committer notes:
Added fixes for arm64, provided by Jiri.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-5-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Rename struct thread_map to struct perf_thread_map, so it could be part
of libperf.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-4-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Rename struct cpu_map to struct perf_cpu_map, so it could be part of
libperf.
Committer notes:
Added fixes for arm64, provided by Jiri.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Budankov <alexey.budankov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Michael Petlan <mpetlan@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190721112506.12306-3-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
We may want to get to this bpf_object, to search for other BPF programs,
etc.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Luis Cláudio Gonçalves <lclaudio@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-3y8hrb6lszjfi23vjlic3cib@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Add a 'percore' event qualifier, like cpu/event=0,umask=0x3,percore=1/,
that sums up the event counts for both hardware threads in a core.
We can already do this with --per-core, but it's often useful to do
this together with other metrics that are collected per hardware thread.
So we need to support this per-core counting on a event level.
This can be implemented in only the user tool, no kernel support needed.
v4:
---
1. Add Arnaldo's patch which updates the documentation for
this new qualifier.
2. Rebase to latest perf/core branch
v3:
---
Simplify the code according to Jiri's comments.
Before:
"return term->val.percore ? true : false;"
Now:
"return term->val.percore;"
v2:
---
Change the qualifier name from 'coresum' to 'percore' according to
comments from Jiri and Andi.
Signed-off-by: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Ravi Bangoria <ravi.bangoria@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@intel.com>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1555077590-27664-2-git-send-email-yao.jin@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
The perf metric expression use 'duration_time' internally to normalize
events. Normal 'perf stat' without -x also prints the duration time.
But when using -x, the interval is not output anywhere, which is
inconvenient for any post processing which often wants to normalize
values to time.
So implement 'duration_time' as a proper perf event that can be
specified explicitely with -e.
The previous implementation of 'duration_time' only worked for metric
processing. This adds the concept of a tool event that is handled by the
tool. On the kernel level it is still mapped to the dummy software
event, but the values are not read anymore, but instead computed by the
tool.
Add proper plumbing to handle this in the event parser, and display it
in 'perf stat'. We don't want 'duration_time' to be added up, so it's
only printed for the first CPU.
% perf stat -e duration_time,cycles true
Performance counter stats for 'true':
555,476 ns duration_time
771,958 cycles
0.000555476 seconds time elapsed
0.000644000 seconds user
0.000000000 seconds sys
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190326221823.11518-3-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
This patch introduces side band thread that captures extended
information for events like PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT.
This new thread uses its own evlist that uses ring buffer with very low
watermark for lower latency.
To use side band thread, we need to:
1. add side band event(s) by calling perf_evlist__add_sb_event();
2. calls perf_evlist__start_sb_thread();
3. at the end of perf run, perf_evlist__stop_sb_thread().
In the next patch, we use this thread to handle PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT.
Committer notes:
Add fix by Jiri Olsa for when te sb_tread can't get started and then at
the end the stop_sb_thread() segfaults when joining the (non-existing)
thread.
That can happen when running 'perf top' or 'perf record' as a normal
user, for instance.
Further checks need to be done on top of this to more graciously handle
these possible failure scenarios.
Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190312053051.2690567-15-songliubraving@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
To reduce the header dependency and avoid unnecessary rebuilds when
things change in symbol.h.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-6duflwliprh2tr47w5x4t260@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
This patch adds basic handling of PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT. Tracking of
PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT is OFF by default. Option --bpf-event is added to
turn it on.
Committer notes:
Add dummy machine__process_bpf_event() variant that returns zero for
systems without HAVE_LIBBPF_SUPPORT, such as Alpine Linux, unbreaking
the build in such systems.
Remove the needless include <machine.h> from bpf->event.h, provide just
forward declarations for the structs and unions in the parameters, to
reduce compilation time and needless rebuilds when machine.h gets
changed.
Committer testing:
When running with:
# perf record --bpf-event
On an older kernel where PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT and PERF_RECORD_KSYMBOL
is not present, we fallback to removing those two bits from
perf_event_attr, making the tool to continue to work on older kernels:
perf_event_attr:
size 112
{ sample_period, sample_freq } 4000
sample_type IP|TID|TIME|PERIOD
read_format ID
disabled 1
inherit 1
mmap 1
comm 1
freq 1
enable_on_exec 1
task 1
precise_ip 3
sample_id_all 1
exclude_guest 1
mmap2 1
comm_exec 1
ksymbol 1
bpf_event 1
------------------------------------------------------------
sys_perf_event_open: pid 5779 cpu 0 group_fd -1 flags 0x8
sys_perf_event_open failed, error -22
switching off bpf_event
------------------------------------------------------------
perf_event_attr:
size 112
{ sample_period, sample_freq } 4000
sample_type IP|TID|TIME|PERIOD
read_format ID
disabled 1
inherit 1
mmap 1
comm 1
freq 1
enable_on_exec 1
task 1
precise_ip 3
sample_id_all 1
exclude_guest 1
mmap2 1
comm_exec 1
ksymbol 1
------------------------------------------------------------
sys_perf_event_open: pid 5779 cpu 0 group_fd -1 flags 0x8
sys_perf_event_open failed, error -22
switching off ksymbol
------------------------------------------------------------
perf_event_attr:
size 112
{ sample_period, sample_freq } 4000
sample_type IP|TID|TIME|PERIOD
read_format ID
disabled 1
inherit 1
mmap 1
comm 1
freq 1
enable_on_exec 1
task 1
precise_ip 3
sample_id_all 1
exclude_guest 1
mmap2 1
comm_exec 1
------------------------------------------------------------
And then proceeds to work without those two features.
As passing --bpf-event is an explicit action performed by the user, perhaps we
should emit a warning telling that the kernel has no such feature, but this can
be done on top of this patch.
Now with a kernel that supports these events, start the 'record --bpf-event -a'
and then run 'perf trace sleep 10000' that will use the BPF
augmented_raw_syscalls.o prebuilt (for another kernel version even) and thus
should generate PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT events:
[root@quaco ~]# perf record -e dummy -a --bpf-event
^C[ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.713 MB perf.data ]
[root@quaco ~]# bpftool prog
13: cgroup_skb tag 7be49e3934a125ba gpl
loaded_at 2019-01-19T09:09:43-0300 uid 0
xlated 296B jited 229B memlock 4096B map_ids 13,14
14: cgroup_skb tag 2a142ef67aaad174 gpl
loaded_at 2019-01-19T09:09:43-0300 uid 0
xlated 296B jited 229B memlock 4096B map_ids 13,14
15: cgroup_skb tag 7be49e3934a125ba gpl
loaded_at 2019-01-19T09:09:43-0300 uid 0
xlated 296B jited 229B memlock 4096B map_ids 15,16
16: cgroup_skb tag 2a142ef67aaad174 gpl
loaded_at 2019-01-19T09:09:43-0300 uid 0
xlated 296B jited 229B memlock 4096B map_ids 15,16
17: cgroup_skb tag 7be49e3934a125ba gpl
loaded_at 2019-01-19T09:09:44-0300 uid 0
xlated 296B jited 229B memlock 4096B map_ids 17,18
18: cgroup_skb tag 2a142ef67aaad174 gpl
loaded_at 2019-01-19T09:09:44-0300 uid 0
xlated 296B jited 229B memlock 4096B map_ids 17,18
21: cgroup_skb tag 7be49e3934a125ba gpl
loaded_at 2019-01-19T09:09:45-0300 uid 0
xlated 296B jited 229B memlock 4096B map_ids 21,22
22: cgroup_skb tag 2a142ef67aaad174 gpl
loaded_at 2019-01-19T09:09:45-0300 uid 0
xlated 296B jited 229B memlock 4096B map_ids 21,22
31: tracepoint name sys_enter tag 12504ba9402f952f gpl
loaded_at 2019-01-19T09:19:56-0300 uid 0
xlated 512B jited 374B memlock 4096B map_ids 30,29,28
32: tracepoint name sys_exit tag c1bd85c092d6e4aa gpl
loaded_at 2019-01-19T09:19:56-0300 uid 0
xlated 256B jited 191B memlock 4096B map_ids 30,29
# perf report -D | grep PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT | nl
1 0 55834574849 0x4fc8 [0x18]: PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT bpf event with type 1, flags 0, id 13
2 0 60129542145 0x5118 [0x18]: PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT bpf event with type 1, flags 0, id 14
3 0 64424509441 0x5268 [0x18]: PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT bpf event with type 1, flags 0, id 15
4 0 68719476737 0x53b8 [0x18]: PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT bpf event with type 1, flags 0, id 16
5 0 73014444033 0x5508 [0x18]: PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT bpf event with type 1, flags 0, id 17
6 0 77309411329 0x5658 [0x18]: PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT bpf event with type 1, flags 0, id 18
7 0 90194313217 0x57a8 [0x18]: PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT bpf event with type 1, flags 0, id 21
8 0 94489280513 0x58f8 [0x18]: PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT bpf event with type 1, flags 0, id 22
9 7 620922484360 0xb6390 [0x30]: PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT bpf event with type 1, flags 0, id 29
10 7 620922486018 0xb6410 [0x30]: PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT bpf event with type 2, flags 0, id 29
11 7 620922579199 0xb6490 [0x30]: PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT bpf event with type 1, flags 0, id 30
12 7 620922580240 0xb6510 [0x30]: PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT bpf event with type 2, flags 0, id 30
13 7 620922765207 0xb6598 [0x30]: PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT bpf event with type 1, flags 0, id 31
14 7 620922874543 0xb6620 [0x30]: PERF_RECORD_BPF_EVENT bpf event with type 1, flags 0, id 32
#
There, the 31 and 32 tracepoint BPF programs put in place by 'perf trace'.
Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: kernel-team@fb.com
Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190117161521.1341602-7-songliubraving@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
This patch handles PERF_RECORD_KSYMBOL in perf record/report.
Specifically, map and symbol are created for ksymbol register, and
removed for ksymbol unregister.
This patch also sets perf_event_attr.ksymbol properly. The flag is ON by
default.
Committer notes:
Use proper inttypes.h for u64, fixing the build in some environments
like in the android NDK r15c targetting ARM 32-bit.
I.e. fixing this build error:
util/event.c: In function 'perf_event__fprintf_ksymbol':
util/event.c:1489:10: error: format '%lx' expects argument of type 'long unsigned int', but argument 3 has type 'u64' [-Werror=format=]
event->ksymbol_event.flags, event->ksymbol_event.name);
^
cc1: all warnings being treated as errors
Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: kernel-team@fb.com
Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20190117161521.1341602-6-songliubraving@fb.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
In order to make libtraceevent into a proper library, variables, data
structures and functions require a unique prefix to prevent name space
conflicts.
This renames 'struct tep_event_format' to 'struct tep_event', which
describes more closely the purpose of the struct.
Signed-off-by: Tzvetomir Stoyanov <tstoyanov@vmware.com>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181130154647.436403995@goodmis.org
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
[ Fixup conflict with 6e33c250a88f ("tools lib traceevent: Fix compile warnings in tools/lib/traceevent/event-parse.c") ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Because there may be more such events in the ring buffer that should be
discarded when an app decides to stop considering them.
At some point we'll do this with eBPF, this way we stop them at origin,
before they are placed in the ring buffer.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-uzufuxws4hufigx07ue1dpv6@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
This simply adds the field to 'struct perf_evsel' and allows setting
it via the event parser, to test it lets trace trace:
First look at where in a function that receives an evsel we can put a probe
to read how evsel->max_events was setup:
# perf probe -x ~/bin/perf -L trace__event_handler
<trace__event_handler@/home/acme/git/perf/tools/perf/builtin-trace.c:0>
0 static int trace__event_handler(struct trace *trace, struct perf_evsel *evsel,
union perf_event *event __maybe_unused,
struct perf_sample *sample)
3 {
4 struct thread *thread = machine__findnew_thread(trace->host, sample->pid, sample->tid);
5 int callchain_ret = 0;
7 if (sample->callchain) {
8 callchain_ret = trace__resolve_callchain(trace, evsel, sample, &callchain_cursor);
9 if (callchain_ret == 0) {
10 if (callchain_cursor.nr < trace->min_stack)
11 goto out;
12 callchain_ret = 1;
}
}
See what variables we can probe at line 7:
# perf probe -x ~/bin/perf -V trace__event_handler:7
Available variables at trace__event_handler:7
@<trace__event_handler+89>
int callchain_ret
struct perf_evsel* evsel
struct perf_sample* sample
struct thread* thread
struct trace* trace
union perf_event* event
Add a probe at that line asking for evsel->max_events to be collected and named
as "max_events":
# perf probe -x ~/bin/perf trace__event_handler:7 'max_events=evsel->max_events'
Added new event:
probe_perf:trace__event_handler (on trace__event_handler:7 in /home/acme/bin/perf with max_events=evsel->max_events)
You can now use it in all perf tools, such as:
perf record -e probe_perf:trace__event_handler -aR sleep 1
Now use 'perf trace', here aliased to just 'trace' and trace trace, i.e.
the first 'trace' is tracing just that 'probe_perf:trace__event_handler' event,
while the traced trace is tracing all scheduler tracepoints, will stop at two
events (--max-events 2) and will just set evsel->max_events for all the sched
tracepoints to 9, we will see the output of both traces intermixed:
# trace -e *perf:*event_handler trace --max-events 2 -e sched:*/nr=9/
0.000 :0/0 sched:sched_waking:comm=rcu_sched pid=10 prio=120 target_cpu=000
0.009 :0/0 sched:sched_wakeup:comm=rcu_sched pid=10 prio=120 target_cpu=000
0.000 trace/23949 probe_perf:trace__event_handler:(48c34a) max_events=0x9
0.046 trace/23949 probe_perf:trace__event_handler:(48c34a) max_events=0x9
#
Now, if the traced trace sends its output to /dev/null, we'll see just
what the first level trace outputs: that evsel->max_events is indeed
being set to 9:
# trace -e *perf:*event_handler trace -o /dev/null --max-events 2 -e sched:*/nr=9/
0.000 trace/23961 probe_perf:trace__event_handler:(48c34a) max_events=0x9
0.030 trace/23961 probe_perf:trace__event_handler:(48c34a) max_events=0x9
#
Now that we can set evsel->max_events, we can go to the next step, honour that
per-event property in 'perf trace'.
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Milian Wolff <milian.wolff@kdab.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-og00yasj276joem6e14l1eas@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
In order to make libtraceevent into a proper library, variables, data
structures and functions require a unique prefix to prevent name space
conflicts. That prefix will be "tep_". This renames struct format to
struct tep_format and struct format_field to struct tep_format_field
Signed-off-by: Tzvetomir Stoyanov (VMware) <tz.stoyanov@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Tzvetomir Stoyanov (VMware) <tz.stoyanov@gmail.com>
Cc: linux-trace-devel@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180919185722.661319373@goodmis.org
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
In order to make libtraceevent into a proper library, variables, data
structures and functions require a unique prefix to prevent name space
conflicts. That prefix will be "tep_". This renames struct event_format
to struct tep_event_format
Signed-off-by: Tzvetomir Stoyanov (VMware) <tz.stoyanov@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Tzvetomir Stoyanov (VMware) <tz.stoyanov@gmail.com>
Cc: linux-trace-devel@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180919185722.495820809@goodmis.org
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Add perf_evsel__store_ids() from stat's store_counter_ids() code to the
evsel class, so that it can be used globally.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180830063252.23729-8-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
