Was reading through the documentation of this code and noticed
a few typos, missing commas, etc.
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This patch exposes the jump_label reference count in preparation for the
next patch. cpusets cares about both the jump_label being enabled and how
many users of the cpusets there currently are.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use macro JUMP_LABEL_TRUE_BRANCH instead of hard-coding for better
readability.
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <liuj97@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Pull networking updates from David Miller:
1) The addition of nftables. No longer will we need protocol aware
firewall filtering modules, it can all live in userspace.
At the core of nftables is a, for lack of a better term, virtual
machine that executes byte codes to inspect packet or metadata
(arriving interface index, etc.) and make verdict decisions.
Besides support for loading packet contents and comparing them, the
interpreter supports lookups in various datastructures as
fundamental operations. For example sets are supports, and
therefore one could create a set of whitelist IP address entries
which have ACCEPT verdicts attached to them, and use the appropriate
byte codes to do such lookups.
Since the interpreted code is composed in userspace, userspace can
do things like optimize things before giving it to the kernel.
Another major improvement is the capability of atomically updating
portions of the ruleset. In the existing netfilter implementation,
one has to update the entire rule set in order to make a change and
this is very expensive.
Userspace tools exist to create nftables rules using existing
netfilter rule sets, but both kernel implementations will need to
co-exist for quite some time as we transition from the old to the
new stuff.
Kudos to Patrick McHardy, Pablo Neira Ayuso, and others who have
worked so hard on this.
2) Daniel Borkmann and Hannes Frederic Sowa made several improvements
to our pseudo-random number generator, mostly used for things like
UDP port randomization and netfitler, amongst other things.
In particular the taus88 generater is updated to taus113, and test
cases are added.
3) Support 64-bit rates in HTB and TBF schedulers, from Eric Dumazet
and Yang Yingliang.
4) Add support for new 577xx tigon3 chips to tg3 driver, from Nithin
Sujir.
5) Fix two fatal flaws in TCP dynamic right sizing, from Eric Dumazet,
Neal Cardwell, and Yuchung Cheng.
6) Allow IP_TOS and IP_TTL to be specified in sendmsg() ancillary
control message data, much like other socket option attributes.
From Francesco Fusco.
7) Allow applications to specify a cap on the rate computed
automatically by the kernel for pacing flows, via a new
SO_MAX_PACING_RATE socket option. From Eric Dumazet.
8) Make the initial autotuned send buffer sizing in TCP more closely
reflect actual needs, from Eric Dumazet.
9) Currently early socket demux only happens for TCP sockets, but we
can do it for connected UDP sockets too. Implementation from Shawn
Bohrer.
10) Refactor inet socket demux with the goal of improving hash demux
performance for listening sockets. With the main goals being able
to use RCU lookups on even request sockets, and eliminating the
listening lock contention. From Eric Dumazet.
11) The bonding layer has many demuxes in it's fast path, and an RCU
conversion was started back in 3.11, several changes here extend the
RCU usage to even more locations. From Ding Tianhong and Wang
Yufen, based upon suggestions by Nikolay Aleksandrov and Veaceslav
Falico.
12) Allow stackability of segmentation offloads to, in particular, allow
segmentation offloading over tunnels. From Eric Dumazet.
13) Significantly improve the handling of secret keys we input into the
various hash functions in the inet hashtables, TCP fast open, as
well as syncookies. From Hannes Frederic Sowa. The key fundamental
operation is "net_get_random_once()" which uses static keys.
Hannes even extended this to ipv4/ipv6 fragmentation handling and
our generic flow dissector.
14) The generic driver layer takes care now to set the driver data to
NULL on device removal, so it's no longer necessary for drivers to
explicitly set it to NULL any more. Many drivers have been cleaned
up in this way, from Jingoo Han.
15) Add a BPF based packet scheduler classifier, from Daniel Borkmann.
16) Improve CRC32 interfaces and generic SKB checksum iterators so that
SCTP's checksumming can more cleanly be handled. Also from Daniel
Borkmann.
17) Add a new PMTU discovery mode, IP_PMTUDISC_INTERFACE, which forces
using the interface MTU value. This helps avoid PMTU attacks,
particularly on DNS servers. From Hannes Frederic Sowa.
18) Use generic XPS for transmit queue steering rather than internal
(re-)implementation in virtio-net. From Jason Wang.
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next: (1622 commits)
random32: add test cases for taus113 implementation
random32: upgrade taus88 generator to taus113 from errata paper
random32: move rnd_state to linux/random.h
random32: add prandom_reseed_late() and call when nonblocking pool becomes initialized
random32: add periodic reseeding
random32: fix off-by-one in seeding requirement
PHY: Add RTL8201CP phy_driver to realtek
xtsonic: add missing platform_set_drvdata() in xtsonic_probe()
macmace: add missing platform_set_drvdata() in mace_probe()
ethernet/arc/arc_emac: add missing platform_set_drvdata() in arc_emac_probe()
ipv6: protect for_each_sk_fl_rcu in mem_check with rcu_read_lock_bh
vlan: Implement vlan_dev_get_egress_qos_mask as an inline.
ixgbe: add warning when max_vfs is out of range.
igb: Update link modes display in ethtool
netfilter: push reasm skb through instead of original frag skbs
ip6_output: fragment outgoing reassembled skb properly
MAINTAINERS: mv643xx_eth: take over maintainership from Lennart
net_sched: tbf: support of 64bit rates
ixgbe: deleting dfwd stations out of order can cause null ptr deref
ixgbe: fix build err, num_rx_queues is only available with CONFIG_RPS
...
Usage of the static key primitives to toggle a branch must not be used
before jump_label_init() is called from init/main.c. jump_label_init
reorganizes and wires up the jump_entries so usage before that could
have unforeseen consequences.
Following primitives are now checked for correct use:
* static_key_slow_inc
* static_key_slow_dec
* static_key_slow_dec_deferred
* jump_label_rate_limit
The x86 architecture already checks this by testing if the default_nop
was already replaced with an optimal nop or with a branch instruction. It
will panic then. Other architectures don't check for this.
Because we need to relax this check for the x86 arch to allow code to
transition from default_nop to the enabled state and other architectures
did not check for this at all this patch introduces checking on the
static_key primitives in a non-arch dependent manner.
All checked functions are considered slow-path so the additional check
does no harm to performance.
The warnings are best observed with earlyprintk.
Based on a patch from Andi Kleen.
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Commit b202952075 ("perf, core: Rate limit
perf_sched_events jump_label patching") introduced rate limiting
for jump label disabling. The changes were made in the jump label code
in order to be more widely available and to keep things tidier. This is
all fine, except now jump_label.h includes linux/workqueue.h, which
makes it impossible to include jump_label.h from anything that
workqueue.h needs. For example, it's now impossible to include
jump_label.h from asm/spinlock.h, which is done in proposed
pv-ticketlock patches. This patch splits out the rate limiting related
changes from jump_label.h into a new file, jump_label_ratelimit.h, to
resolve the issue.
Signed-off-by: Andrew Jones <drjones@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1376058122-8248-10-git-send-email-raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Raghavendra K T <raghavendra.kt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Remove the obsolete static_branch() interface, since the supported interface
is now static_key_false()/true() - which is used by all in-tree code.
See commit:
c5905afb0e ("static keys: Introduce 'struct static_key', static_key_true()/false()
and static_key_slow_[inc|dec]()").
Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/199332c47eef8005d5a5bf1018a80d25929a5746.1340909155.git.jbaron@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
In the jump label enabled case, calling static_key_enabled()
results in a function call. The function returns the results of
a compare, so it really doesn't need the overhead of a full
function call. Let's make it 'static inline' for both the jump
label enabled and disabled cases.
Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/201202281849.q1SIn1p2023270@int-mx10.intmail.prod.int.phx2.redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
So here's a boot tested patch on top of Jason's series that does
all the cleanups I talked about and turns jump labels into a
more intuitive to use facility. It should also address the
various misconceptions and confusions that surround jump labels.
Typical usage scenarios:
#include <linux/static_key.h>
struct static_key key = STATIC_KEY_INIT_TRUE;
if (static_key_false(&key))
do unlikely code
else
do likely code
Or:
if (static_key_true(&key))
do likely code
else
do unlikely code
The static key is modified via:
static_key_slow_inc(&key);
...
static_key_slow_dec(&key);
The 'slow' prefix makes it abundantly clear that this is an
expensive operation.
I've updated all in-kernel code to use this everywhere. Note
that I (intentionally) have not pushed through the rename
blindly through to the lowest levels: the actual jump-label
patching arch facility should be named like that, so we want to
decouple jump labels from the static-key facility a bit.
On non-jump-label enabled architectures static keys default to
likely()/unlikely() branches.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com
Cc: davem@davemloft.net
Cc: ddaney.cavm@gmail.com
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120222085809.GA26397@elte.hu
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
akpm figured we could do with a blub explaining what static_branch()
is and why it lives...
Grumpily-requested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-h02wu6kabpoojxf03wke704k@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Provide two initializers for jump_label_key that initialize it enabled
or disabled. Also modify all jump_label code to allow for jump_labels to be
initialized enabled.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-p40e3yj21b68y03z1yv825e7@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
jump_lable patching is very expensive operation that involves pausing all
cpus. The patching of perf_sched_events jump_label is easily controllable
from userspace by unprivileged user.
When te user runs a loop like this:
"while true; do perf stat -e cycles true; done"
... the performance of my test application that just increments a counter
for one second drops by 4%.
This is on a 16 cpu box with my test application using only one of
them. An impact on a real server doing real work will be worse.
Performance of KVM PMU drops nearly 50% due to jump_lable for "perf
record" since KVM PMU implementation creates and destroys perf event
frequently.
This patch introduces a way to rate limit jump_label patching and uses
it to fix the above problem.
I believe that as jump_label use will spread the problem will become more
common and thus solving it in a generic code is appropriate. Also fixing
it in the perf code would result in moving jump_label accounting logic to
perf code with all the ifdefs in case of JUMP_LABEL=n kernel. With this
patch all details are nicely hidden inside jump_label code.
Signed-off-by: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20111127155909.GO2557@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Initialize jump_labels much, much earlier, so they're available for use
during system setup.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
When updating a newly loaded module, the code is definitely not yet
executing on any processor, so it can be updated with no need for any
heavyweight synchronization.
This patch adds arch_jump_label_static() which is implemented as
arch_jump_label_transform() by default, but architectures can override
it if it avoids, say, a call to stop_machine().
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
If a key has been enabled before jump_label_init() is called, don't
nop it out.
This removes arch_jump_label_text_poke_early() (which can only nop
out a site) and uses arch_jump_label_transform() instead.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
ATOMIC_INIT() is the proper thing to use.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
This allows us to move duplicated code in <asm/atomic.h>
(atomic_inc_not_zero() for now) to <linux/atomic.h>
Signed-off-by: Arun Sharma <asharma@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Introduce:
static __always_inline bool static_branch(struct jump_label_key *key);
instead of the old JUMP_LABEL(key, label) macro.
In this way, jump labels become really easy to use:
Define:
struct jump_label_key jump_key;
Can be used as:
if (static_branch(&jump_key))
do unlikely code
enable/disale via:
jump_label_inc(&jump_key);
jump_label_dec(&jump_key);
that's it!
For the jump labels disabled case, the static_branch() becomes an
atomic_read(), and jump_label_inc()/dec() are simply atomic_inc(),
atomic_dec() operations. We show testing results for this change below.
Thanks to H. Peter Anvin for suggesting the 'static_branch()' construct.
Since we now require a 'struct jump_label_key *key', we can store a pointer into
the jump table addresses. In this way, we can enable/disable jump labels, in
basically constant time. This change allows us to completely remove the previous
hashtable scheme. Thanks to Peter Zijlstra for this re-write.
Testing:
I ran a series of 'tbench 20' runs 5 times (with reboots) for 3
configurations, where tracepoints were disabled.
jump label configured in
avg: 815.6
jump label *not* configured in (using atomic reads)
avg: 800.1
jump label *not* configured in (regular reads)
avg: 803.4
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <20110316212947.GA8792@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: David Daney <ddaney@caviumnetworks.com>
Acked-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
On i386 (not x86_64) early implementations of gcc would have a bug
with asm goto causing it to produce code like the following:
(This was noticed by Peter Zijlstra)
56 pushl 0
67 nopl jmp 0x6f
popl
jmp 0x8c
6f mov
test
je 0x8c
8c mov
call *(%esp)
The jump added in the asm goto skipped over the popl that matched
the pushl 0, which lead up to a quick crash of the system when
the jump was enabled. The nopl is defined in the asm goto () statement
and when tracepoints are enabled, the nop changes to a jump to the label
that was specified by the asm goto. asm goto is suppose to tell gcc that
the code in the asm might jump to an external label. Here gcc obviously
fails to make that work.
The bug report for gcc is here:
http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=46226
The bug only appears on x86 when not compiled with
-maccumulate-outgoing-args. This option is always set on x86_64 and it
is also the work around for a function graph tracer i386 bug.
(See commit: 746357d6a5)
This explains why the bug only showed up on i386 when function graph
tracer was not enabled.
This patch now adds a CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL option that is default
off instead of using jump labels by default. When jump labels are
enabled, the -maccumulate-outgoing-args will be used (causing a
slightly larger kernel image on i386). This option will exist
until we have a way to detect if the gcc compiler in use is safe
to use on all configurations without the work around.
Note, there exists such a test, but for now we will keep the enabling
of jump label as a manual option.
Archs that know the compiler is safe with asm goto, may choose to
select JUMP_LABEL and enable it by default.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cause-discovered-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: David Daney <ddaney@caviumnetworks.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <1288028746.3673.11.camel@laptop>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
register_kprobe() downs the 'text_mutex' and then calls
jump_label_text_reserved(), which downs the 'jump_label_mutex'.
However, the jump label code takes those mutexes in the reverse
order.
Fix by requiring the caller of jump_label_text_reserved() to do
the jump label locking via the newly added: jump_label_lock(),
jump_label_unlock(). Currently, kprobes is the only user
of jump_label_text_reserved().
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <759032c48d5e30c27f0bba003d09bffa8e9f28bb.1285965957.git.jbaron@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The use of the JUMP_LABEL() construct ends up creating endless silly
wrappers, create a higher level construct to reduce this clutter.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Now that there's still only a few users around, rename things to make
them more consistent.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <20101014203625.448565169@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Add a jump_label_text_reserved(void *start, void *end), so that other
pieces of code that want to modify kernel text, can first verify that
jump label has not reserved the instruction.
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <06236663a3a7b1c1f13576bb9eccb6d9c17b7bfe.1284733808.git.jbaron@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
base patch to implement 'jump labeling'. Based on a new 'asm goto' inline
assembly gcc mechanism, we can now branch to labels from an 'asm goto'
statment. This allows us to create a 'no-op' fastpath, which can subsequently
be patched with a jump to the slowpath code. This is useful for code which
might be rarely used, but which we'd like to be able to call, if needed.
Tracepoints are the current usecase that these are being implemented for.
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <ee8b3595967989fdaf84e698dc7447d315ce972a.1284733808.git.jbaron@redhat.com>
[ cleaned up some formating ]
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
