Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
It's been a while since the mach-types file was updated, as we have
moved away to DT for platform stuff. Updating it has the advantage of
retiring lots of entries which have not been made use of, resulting in
rougly halving the size of the file.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Wire up the new pkey syscalls for ARM. This illustrates the ease that
the generated/tabular approach gives us: adding new system calls
becomes much easier, and all the dependencies are automatically handled
for the update.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Convert ARM to use a similar mechanism to x86 to generate the unistd.h
system call numbers and the various kernel system call tables. This
means that rather than having to edit three places (asm/unistd.h for
the total number of system calls, uapi/asm/unistd.h for the system call
numbers, and arch/arm/kernel/calls.S for the call table) we have only
one place to edit, making the process much more simple.
The scripts have knowledge of the table padding requirements, so there's
no need to worry about __NR_syscalls not fitting within the immediate
constant field of ALU instructions anymore.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Arrange for mach-types.h to be directly generated in the relevant
path, so we don't need a one-liner file in arch/arm/include/asm/.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
For incremental build, "include/generated/mach-types.h is up to date"
is every time displayed like follows:
$ make ARCH=arm
CHK include/config/kernel.release
CHK include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h
CHK include/generated/utsrelease.h
make[1]: `include/generated/mach-types.h' is up to date.
CHK include/generated/bounds.h
CHK include/generated/timeconst.h
CHK include/generated/asm-offsets.h
This commit avoids such a clumsy log and introduces Kbuild standard
log style:
GEN include/generated/mach-types.h
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Remove the mackerel entry from the mach-types file.
Signed-off-by: Magnus Damm <damm+renesas@opensource.se>
Acked-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@ideasonboard.com>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms+renesas@verge.net.au>
Since commit edc88ceb0 (ARM: be really quiet when building with 'make -s') the
following output is generated when building a kernel for ARM:
echo ' Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready'
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
Building modules, stage 2.
echo ' Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready'
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
As per Documentation/kbuild/makefiles.txt the correct way of using kecho is
'@$(kecho)'.
Make this change so no more unwanted 'echo' messages are displayed.
Signed-off-by: Fabio Estevam <fabio.estevam@freescale.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Sometimes we want the kernel build process to only print messages
on errors, e.g. in automated build testing. This uses the "kecho"
macro that the build system provides to hide a few informational
messages. Nothing changes for a regular "make" or "make V=1".
Without this patch, building any ARM kernel results in:
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nicolas.pitre@linaro.org>
Cc: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
A shorter cleanup branch submitted separately due to dependencies with
some of the previous topics.
Major thing here is that the Broadcom bcmring platform is removed. It's an
SoC that's used on some stationary VoIP platforms, and is in desperate
need of some cleanup. Broadcom came back and suggested that we just
deprecate the platform for now, since they aren't going to spend the
resources needed on cleaning it up, and there are no users of the platform
directly from mainline.
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Merge tag 'cleanup2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc
Pull ARM soc cleanups, part 2 from Olof Johansson:
"A shorter cleanup branch submitted separately due to dependencies with
some of the previous topics.
Major thing here is that the Broadcom bcmring platform is removed.
It's an SoC that's used on some stationary VoIP platforms, and is in
desperate need of some cleanup. Broadcom came back and suggested that
we just deprecate the platform for now, since they aren't going to
spend the resources needed on cleaning it up, and there are no users
of the platform directly from mainline."
Fix some conflicts due to BCM2835 getting added next to the removed
BCMRING, and removal of tegra files that had been converted to
devicetree.
* tag 'cleanup2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc:
ARM: Orion5x: ts78xx: Add IOMEM for virtual addresses.
ARM: ux500: use __iomem pointers for MMIO
ARM: Remove mach-bcmring
ARM: clps711x: Remove board support for CEIVA
ARM: clps711x: Fix register definitions
ARM: clps711x: Fix lowlevel debug-macro
ARM: clps711x: Added simple clock framework
pinctrl: tegra: move pinconf-tegra.h content into drivers/pinctrl
ARM: tegra: delete unused headers
ARM: tegra: remove useless includes of <mach/*.h>
ARM: tegra: remove dead code
The current kernel does not fit in the CEIVA ROM. Also, some functional
has already been removed due migrate from 2.6 to 3.0, and it seems that
no one uses this platform. So, remove support for this board and modules
specific only to this board.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Shiyan <shc_work@mail.ru>
This patch removes the ARM architecture mach-pnx4008. No direct support or user
feedback since 2006. Acknowledgements from NXP/Philips and Linux arm-soc
maintainers.
Signed-off-by: Roland Stigge <stigge@antcom.de>
The eSata SheevaPlug and QNAP TS-209 devices were removed from
mach-types due to naming mismatches between machine_is_xxx(), CONFIG_XXX
and MACH_TYPE_XXX.
This patch fixes those mismatches and adds the devices back into
mach-types.
Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Jon Medhurst <tixy@yxit.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Add vision_ep9307, rwi_ews, usb_a9g20, karo, apf9328, tx37, tx25,
tx51, mx51_m2id, pca101, gplugd, smdk4212 and smdk4412.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
I made some changes to the entry in the ARM Machine Registry after
submission which was the wrong thing to do.
This patch should help to fix this error.
Signed-off-by: Eric Bénard <eric@eukrea.com>
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
As many entries have never been submitted to mainline, there's no point
them existing in this file. So remove the entries which aren't relevant
for mainline.
Signed-off-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
* 'for-linus' of master.kernel.org:/home/rmk/linux-2.6-arm:
PCMCIA: fix pxa2xx_lubbock modular build error
[ARM] Update mach-types
[ARM] pxa: fix no reference of cpu_is_pxa25x() in devices.c
[ARM] pxa/cm-x300: add PWM backlight support
revert "[ARM] pxa/cm-x300: add PWM backlight support"
ARM: use flush_kernel_dcache_area() for dmabounce
ARM: add size argument to __cpuc_flush_dcache_page
ARM: 5848/1: kill flush_ioremap_region()
ARM: cache-l2x0: make better use of background cache handling
ARM: cache-l2x0: avoid taking spinlock for every iteration
[ARM] Kirkwood: Add LaCie Network Space v2 support
ARM: dove: fix the mm mmu flags of the pj4 procinfo
Simplified arch/arm/Makefile by dropping the maketools target
It was undocumented and not needed
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
