Matt Fleming reported seeing crashes when enabling and disabling
function profiling which uses function graph tracer. Later Namhyung Kim
hit a similar issue and he found that the issue was due to the jmp to
ftrace_stub in ftrace_graph_call was only two bytes, and when it was
changed to jump to the tracing code, it overwrote the ftrace_stub that
was after it.
Masami Hiramatsu bisected this down to a binutils change:
8dcea93252a9ea7dff57e85220a719e2a5e8ab41 is the first bad commit
commit 8dcea93252a9ea7dff57e85220a719e2a5e8ab41
Author: H.J. Lu <hjl.tools@gmail.com>
Date: Fri May 15 03:17:31 2015 -0700
Add -mshared option to x86 ELF assembler
This patch adds -mshared option to x86 ELF assembler. By default,
assembler will optimize out non-PLT relocations against defined non-weak
global branch targets with default visibility. The -mshared option tells
the assembler to generate code which may go into a shared library
where all non-weak global branch targets with default visibility can
be preempted. The resulting code is slightly bigger. This option
only affects the handling of branch instructions.
Declaring ftrace_stub as a weak call prevents gas from using two byte
jumps to it, which would be converted to a jump to the function graph
code.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160516230035.1dbae571@gandalf.local.home
Reported-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Reported-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
One of ftrace_caller_end and ftrace_return is redundant so unify them.
Rename ftrace_return to ftrace_epilogue to mean that everything after
that label represents, like an afterword, work which happens *after* the
ftrace call, e.g., the function graph tracer for one.
Steve wants this to rather mean "[a]n event which reflects meaningfully
on a recently ended conflict or struggle." I can imagine that ftrace can
be a struggle sometimes.
Anyway, beef up the comment about the code contents and layout before
ftrace_epilogue label.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1455612202-14414-4-git-send-email-bp@alien8.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
There was a confusion between update_ftrace_function() and static
function tracing trampoline regarding 3rd parameter (ftrace_ops).
Add a comment for clarification.
Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1447721004-2551-1-git-send-email-namhyung@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
The function graph helper function prepare_ftrace_return() which does the work
to hijack the parent pointer has that parent pointer as its first parameter.
Instead, if we make it the second parameter and have ip as the first parameter
(self_addr), then it can use the %rdi from save_mcount_regs that loads it
already.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.11.1411262304010.3961@nanos
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The save_mcount_regs macro saves and restores the required mcount regs that
need to be saved before calling C code. It is done for all the function hook
utilities (static tracing, dynamic tracing, regs, function graph).
When frame pointers are enabled, the ftrace trampolines need to set up
frames and pointers such that a back trace (dump stack) can continue passed
them. Currently, a separate macro is used (create_frame) to do this, but
it's only done for the ftrace_caller and ftrace_reg_caller functions. It
is not done for the static tracer or function graph tracing.
Instead of having a separate macro doing the recording of the frames,
have the save_mcount_regs perform this task. This also has all tracers
saving the frame pointers when needed.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CA+55aFwF+qCGSKdGaEgW4p6N65GZ5_XTV=1NbtWDvxnd5yYLiw@mail.gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.11.1411262304010.3961@nanos
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The macro save_mcount_regs saves regs onto the stack. But to uncouple the
amount of stack used in that macro from the users of the macro, we need
to have a define that tells all the users how much stack is used by that
macro. This way we can change the amount of stack the macro uses without
breaking its users.
Also remove some dead code that was left over from commit fdc841b58c
"ftrace: x86: Remove check of obsolete variable function_trace_stop".
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.11.1411262304010.3961@nanos
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Currently save_mcount_regs is passed a "skip" parameter to know how much
stack updated the pt_regs, as it tries to keep the saved pt_regs in the
same location for all users. This is rather stupid, especially since the
part stored on the pt_regs has nothing to do with what is suppose to be
in that location.
Instead of doing that, just pass in an "added" parameter that lets that
macro know how much stack was added before it was called so that it
can get to the RIP. But the difference is that it will now offset the
pt_regs by that "added" count. The caller now needs to take care of
the offset of the pt_regs.
This will make it easier to simplify the code later.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.11.1411262304010.3961@nanos
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The name MCOUNT_SAVE_FRAME is rather confusing as it really isn't a
function frame that is saved, but just the required mcount registers
that are needed to be saved before C code may be called. The word
"frame" confuses it as being a function frame which it is not.
Rename MCOUNT_SAVE_FRAME and MCOUNT_RESTORE_FRAME to save_mcount_regs
and restore_mcount_regs respectively. Noticed the lower case, which
keeps it from screaming at the reviewers.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CA+55aFwF+qCGSKdGaEgW4p6N65GZ5_XTV=1NbtWDvxnd5yYLiw@mail.gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.11.1411262304010.3961@nanos
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Linus pointed out that there were locations that did the hard coded
update of the parent and rip parameters. One of them was the static tracer
which could also use the ftrace_caller_setup to do that work. In fact,
because it did not use it, it is prone to bugs, and since the static
tracer is hardly ever used (who wants function tracing code always being
called?) it doesn't get tested very often. I only run a few "does it still
work" tests on it. But I do not run stress tests on that code. Although,
since it is never turned off, just having it on should be stressful enough.
(especially for the performance folks)
There's no reason that the static tracer can't also use ftrace_caller_setup.
Have it do so.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CA+55aFwF+qCGSKdGaEgW4p6N65GZ5_XTV=1NbtWDvxnd5yYLiw@mail.gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.11.1411262304010.3961@nanos
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
New updates to the ftrace generic code had ftrace_stub not always being
called when ftrace is off. This causes the static tracer to always save
and restore functions. But it also showed that when function tracing is
running, the function graph tracer can not. We should always check to see
if function graph tracing is running even if the function tracer is running
too. The function tracer code is not the only one that uses the hook to
function mcount.
Cc: Markos Chandras <Markos.Chandras@imgtec.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
When CONFIG_FRAME_POINTERS are enabled, it is required that the
ftrace_caller and ftrace_regs_caller trampolines set up frame pointers
otherwise a stack trace from a function call wont print the functions
that called the trampoline. This is due to a check in
__save_stack_address():
#ifdef CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER
if (!reliable)
return;
#endif
The "reliable" variable is only set if the function address is equal to
contents of the address before the address the frame pointer register
points to. If the frame pointer is not set up for the ftrace caller
then this will fail the reliable test. It will miss the function that
called the trampoline. Worse yet, if fentry is used (gcc 4.6 and
beyond), it will also miss the parent, as the fentry is called before
the stack frame is set up. That means the bp frame pointer points
to the stack of just before the parent function was called.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141119034829.355440340@goodmis.org
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 3.7+
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The current method of handling multiple function callbacks is to register
a list function callback that calls all the other callbacks based on
their hash tables and compare it to the function that the callback was
called on. But this is very inefficient.
For example, if you are tracing all functions in the kernel and then
add a kprobe to a function such that the kprobe uses ftrace, the
mcount trampoline will switch from calling the function trace callback
to calling the list callback that will iterate over all registered
ftrace_ops (in this case, the function tracer and the kprobes callback).
That means for every function being traced it checks the hash of the
ftrace_ops for function tracing and kprobes, even though the kprobes
is only set at a single function. The kprobes ftrace_ops is checked
for every function being traced!
Instead of calling the list function for functions that are only being
traced by a single callback, we can call a dynamically allocated
trampoline that calls the callback directly. The function graph tracer
already uses a direct call trampoline when it is being traced by itself
but it is not dynamically allocated. It's trampoline is static in the
kernel core. The infrastructure that called the function graph trampoline
can also be used to call a dynamically allocated one.
For now, only ftrace_ops that are not dynamically allocated can have
a trampoline. That is, users such as function tracer or stack tracer.
kprobes and perf allocate their ftrace_ops, and until there's a safe
way to free the trampoline, it can not be used. The dynamically allocated
ftrace_ops may, although, use the trampoline if the kernel is not
compiled with CONFIG_PREEMPT. But that will come later.
Tested-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Tested-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Nothing sets function_trace_stop to disable function tracing anymore.
Remove the check for it in the arch code.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/53C54D32.6000000@zytor.com
Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Function graph tracing is a bit different than the function tracers, as
it is processed after either the ftrace_caller or ftrace_regs_caller
and we only have one place to modify the jump to ftrace_graph_caller,
the jump needs to happen after the restore of registeres.
The function graph tracer is dependent on the function tracer, where
even if the function graph tracing is going on by itself, the save and
restore of registers is still done for function tracing regardless of
if function tracing is happening, before it calls the function graph
code.
If there's no function tracing happening, it is possible to just call
the function graph tracer directly, and avoid the wasted effort to save
and restore regs for function tracing.
This requires adding new flags to the dyn_ftrace records:
FTRACE_FL_TRAMP
FTRACE_FL_TRAMP_EN
The first is set if the count for the record is one, and the ftrace_ops
associated to that record has its own trampoline. That way the mcount code
can call that trampoline directly.
In the future, trampolines can be added to arbitrary ftrace_ops, where you
can have two or more ftrace_ops registered to ftrace (like kprobes and perf)
and if they are not tracing the same functions, then instead of doing a
loop to check all registered ftrace_ops against their hashes, just call the
ftrace_ops trampoline directly, which would call the registered ftrace_ops
function directly.
Without this patch perf showed:
0.05% hackbench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] ftrace_caller
0.05% hackbench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] arch_local_irq_save
0.05% hackbench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] native_sched_clock
0.04% hackbench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __buffer_unlock_commit
0.04% hackbench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] preempt_trace
0.04% hackbench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] prepare_ftrace_return
0.04% hackbench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __this_cpu_preempt_check
0.04% hackbench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] ftrace_graph_caller
See that the ftrace_caller took up more time than the ftrace_graph_caller
did.
With this patch:
0.05% hackbench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __buffer_unlock_commit
0.04% hackbench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] call_filter_check_discard
0.04% hackbench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] ftrace_graph_caller
0.04% hackbench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sched_clock
The ftrace_caller is no where to be found and ftrace_graph_caller still
takes up the same percentage.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
As the mcount code gets more complex, it really does not belong
in the entry.S file. By moving it into its own file "mcount.S"
keeps things a bit cleaner.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/p/20140508152152.2130e8cf@gandalf.local.home
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
