If a multi-function device's bandwidth is already limited when it is
enumerated, a message is logged only for function 0. By contrast, when
downtraining occurs after enumeration, a message is logged for all
functions. That's because the former uses pcie_report_downtraining(),
whereas the latter uses __pcie_print_link_status() (which doesn't filter
functions != 0). I am seeing this happen on a MacBookPro9,1 with a GPU
(function 0) and an integrated HDA controller (function 1).
Avoid this incongruence by calling pcie_report_downtraining() in both
cases.
Signed-off-by: Lukas Wunner <lukas@wunner.de>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexandru Gagniuc <alex.gagniuc@dellteam.com>
- Probe bridge window attributes only once at enumeration-time to fix
device accesses during rescan (Bjorn Helgaas)
- Return BAR size (not "size -1 ") from pci_size() to simplify code (Du
Changbin)
- Use config header type (not class code) identify bridges more reliably
(Honghui Zhang)
- Work around Intel Denverton incorrect Trace Hub BAR size reporting
(Alexander Shishkin)
* pci/enumeration:
x86/PCI: Fixup RTIT_BAR of Intel Denverton Trace Hub
PCI: Rely on config space header type, not class code
PCI: Make pci_size() return real BAR size
PCI: Probe bridge window attributes once at enumeration-time
- Use Latency Tolerance Reporting if already enabled by platform (Bjorn
Helgaas)
- Save/restore LTR info for suspend/resume (Bjorn Helgaas)
* pci/aspm:
PCI/ASPM: Save LTR Capability for suspend/resume
PCI/ASPM: Use LTR if already enabled by platform
RussianNeuroMancer reported that the Intel 7265 wifi on a Dell Venue 11 Pro
7140 table stopped working after wakeup from suspend and bisected the
problem to 9ab105deb6 ("PCI/ASPM: Disable ASPM L1.2 Substate if we don't
have LTR"). David Ward reported the same problem on a Dell Latitude 7350.
After af8bb9f898 ("PCI/ACPI: Request LTR control from platform before
using it"), we don't enable LTR unless the platform has granted LTR control
to us. In addition, we don't notice if the platform had already enabled
LTR itself.
After 9ab105deb6 ("PCI/ASPM: Disable ASPM L1.2 Substate if we don't have
LTR"), we avoid using LTR if we don't think the path to the device has LTR
enabled.
The combination means that if the platform itself enables LTR but declines
to give the OS control over LTR, we unnecessarily avoided using ASPM L1.2.
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201469
Fixes: 9ab105deb6 ("PCI/ASPM: Disable ASPM L1.2 Substate if we don't have LTR")
Fixes: af8bb9f898 ("PCI/ACPI: Request LTR control from platform before using it")
Reported-by: RussianNeuroMancer <russianneuromancer@ya.ru>
Reported-by: David Ward <david.ward@ll.mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.18+
As per Figure 6-3 in PCIe r4.0, sec 6.2.6, ERR_ messages will be forwarded
from the secondary interface to the primary interface, if the SERR# Enable
bit in the Bridge Control register is set.
It seems clear that an ACPI hotplug parameter method (_HPP or _HPX) that
tells us to "enable SERR in the command register" (ACPI v6.2, sec 6.2.8,
6.2.9.1) refers to PCI_COMMAND_SERR, which enables reporting of errors by
the function itself.
For bridges, we also interpreted that to mean we should enable
PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_SERR, which enables *forwarding* of errors by the bridge.
But we didn't enable PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_SERR anywhere else, which means we
never enabled it for non-ACPI systems or ACPI systems that didn't supply
hotplug parameters.
That means errors reported below bridges were often never forwarded up to a
Root Port where they could be signaled via AER.
Enable PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_SERR for all bridges so we can get better error
reporting for downstream devices.
Signed-off-by: Bharat Kumar Gogada <bharat.kumar.gogada@xilinx.com>
[bhelgaas: changelog]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
The PCI configuration space header type tells us whether the device is a
bridge, a CardBus bridge, or a normal device, and defines the layout of the
rest of the header (PCI r3.0 sec 6.1, PCIe r4.0 sec 7.5.1.1.9).
When we rely on the header format, e.g., when we're dealing with bridge
windows, we should check the header type, not the class code. The class
code is loosely related to the header type, but is often incorrect and the
spec doesn't actually require it to be related to the header format.
Suggested-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Honghui Zhang <honghui.zhang@mediatek.com>
[bhelgaas: changelog, keep the PCI_CLASS_BRIDGE_HOST check]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Currently, the pci_size() function actually returns 'size-1'. Make it
return real size to avoid confusion.
Signed-off-by: Du Changbin <changbin.du@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
pci_bridge_check_ranges() determines whether a bridge supports the optional
I/O and prefetchable memory windows and sets the flag bits in the bridge
resources. This *could* be done once during enumeration except that the
resource allocation code completely clears the flag bits, e.g., in the
pci_assign_unassigned_bridge_resources() path.
The problem with pci_bridge_check_ranges() in the resource allocation path
is that we may allocate resources after devices have been claimed by
drivers, and pci_bridge_check_ranges() *changes* the window registers to
determine whether they're writable. This may break concurrent accesses to
devices behind the bridge.
Add a new pci_read_bridge_windows() to determine whether a bridge supports
the optional windows, call it once during enumeration, remember the
results, and change pci_bridge_check_ranges() so it doesn't touch the
bridge windows but sets the flag bits based on those remembered results.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-pci/1506151482-113560-1-git-send-email-wangzhou1@hisilicon.com
Link: https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2018-12/msg02082.html
Reported-by: Yandong Xu <xuyandong2@huawei.com>
Tested-by: Yandong Xu <xuyandong2@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Cc: Ofer Hayut <ofer@lightbitslabs.com>
Cc: Roy Shterman <roys@lightbitslabs.com>
Cc: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
Cc: Zhou Wang <wangzhou1@hisilicon.com>
A malicious PCI device may use DMA to attack the system. An external
Thunderbolt port is a convenient point to attach such a device. The OS
may use IOMMU to defend against DMA attacks.
Some BIOSes mark these externally facing root ports with this
ACPI _DSD [1]:
Name (_DSD, Package () {
ToUUID ("efcc06cc-73ac-4bc3-bff0-76143807c389"),
Package () {
Package () {"ExternalFacingPort", 1},
Package () {"UID", 0 }
}
})
If we find such a root port, mark it and all its children as untrusted.
The rest of the OS may use this information to enable DMA protection
against malicious devices. For instance the device may be put behind an
IOMMU to keep it from accessing memory outside of what the driver has
allocated for it.
While at it, add a comment on top of prp_guids array explaining the
possible caveat resulting when these GUIDs are treated equivalent.
[1] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/pci/dsd-for-pcie-root-ports#identifying-externally-exposed-pcie-root-ports
Signed-off-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Acked-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
- Cache VF config space size to optimize enumeration of many VFs
(KarimAllah Ahmed)
- Remove unnecessary <linux/pci-ats.h> include (Bjorn Helgaas)
* pci/virtualization:
PCI/IOV: Remove unnecessary include of <linux/pci-ats.h>
PCI/IOV: Use VF0 cached config space size for other VFs
Cache the config space size from VF0 and use it for all other VFs instead
of reading it from the config space of each VF. We assume that it will be
the same across all associated VFs.
This is an optimization when enabling SR-IOV on a device with many VFs.
Signed-off-by: KarimAllah Ahmed <karahmed@amazon.de>
[bhelgaas: use CONFIG_PCI_IOV (not CONFIG_PCI_ATS)]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
The few callers can just use dma_set_max_seg_size ()directly.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
The two callers can just use dma_set_seg_boundary() directly.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
The spec has timing requirements when waiting for a link to become active
after a conventional reset. Implement those hard delays when waiting for
an active link so pciehp and dpc drivers don't need to duplicate this.
For devices that don't support data link layer active reporting, wait the
fixed time recommended by the PCIe spec.
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
[bhelgaas: changelog]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@kernel.org>
Switch to bitmap_zalloc() to show clearly what we are allocating. Besides
that it returns pointer of bitmap type ("unsigned long *") instead of the
opaque "void *".
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Set the eetlp_prefix_path on PCIE_EXP_TYPE_RC_END devices to allow PASID
to be enabled on them. This fixes IOMMUv2 initialization on AMD Carrizo
APUs.
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201079
Fixes: 7ce3f912ae ("PCI: Enable PASID only if entire path supports End-End TLP prefixes")
Signed-off-by: Felix Kuehling <Felix.Kuehling@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
- To avoid bus errors, enable PASID only if entire path supports End-End
TLP prefixes (Sinan Kaya)
- Unify slot and bus reset functions and remove hotplug knowledge from
callers (Sinan Kaya)
- Add Function-Level Reset quirks for Intel and Samsung NVMe devices to
fix guest reboot issues (Alex Williamson)
- Add function 1 DMA alias quirk for Marvell 88SS9183 PCIe SSD Controller
(Bjorn Helgaas)
* pci/virtualization:
PCI: Add function 1 DMA alias quirk for Marvell 88SS9183
PCI: Delay after FLR of Intel DC P3700 NVMe
PCI: Disable Samsung SM961/PM961 NVMe before FLR
PCI: Export pcie_has_flr()
PCI: Rename pci_try_reset_bus() to pci_reset_bus()
PCI: Deprecate pci_reset_bus() and pci_reset_slot() functions
PCI: Unify try slot and bus reset API
PCI: Hide pci_reset_bridge_secondary_bus() from drivers
IB/hfi1: Use pci_try_reset_bus() for initiating PCI Secondary Bus Reset
PCI: Handle error return from pci_reset_bridge_secondary_bus()
PCI/IOV: Tidy pci_sriov_set_totalvfs()
PCI: Enable PASID only if entire path supports End-End TLP prefixes
# Conflicts:
# drivers/pci/hotplug/pciehp_hpc.c
- Clean up devm_of_pci_get_host_bridge_resources() resource allocation
(Jan Kiszka)
- Fixup resizable BARs after suspend/resume (Christian König)
- Make "pci=earlydump" generic (Sinan Kaya)
- Fix ROM BAR access routines to stay in bounds and check for signature
correctly (Rex Zhu)
* pci/resource:
PCI: Make pci_get_rom_size() static
PCI: Add check code for last image indicator not set
PCI: Avoid accessing memory outside the ROM BAR
PCI: Make early dump functionality generic
PCI: Cleanup PCI_REBAR_CTRL_BAR_SHIFT handling
PCI: Restore resized BAR state on resume
PCI: Clean up resource allocation in devm_of_pci_get_host_bridge_resources()
# Conflicts:
# Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
- Work around IDT switch ACS Source Validation erratum (James
Puthukattukaran)
- Emit diagnostics for all cases of PCIe Link downtraining (Links
operating slower than they're capable of) (Alexandru Gagniuc)
- Skip VFs when configuring Max Payload Size (Myron Stowe)
- Reduce Root Port Max Payload Size if necessary when hot-adding a device
below it (Myron Stowe)
* pci/enumeration:
PCI: Match Root Port's MPS to endpoint's MPSS as necessary
PCI: Skip MPS logic for Virtual Functions (VFs)
PCI: Check for PCIe Link downtraining
PCI: Workaround IDT switch ACS Source Validation erratum
- Use sysfs_match_string() to simplify ASPM sysfs parsing (Andy
Shevchenko)
- Remove unnecessary includes of <linux/pci-aspm.h> (Bjorn Helgaas)
* pci/aspm:
PCI: Remove unnecessary include of <linux/pci-aspm.h>
iwlwifi: Remove unnecessary include of <linux/pci-aspm.h>
ath9k: Remove unnecessary include of <linux/pci-aspm.h>
igb: Remove unnecessary include of <linux/pci-aspm.h>
PCI/ASPM: Convert to use sysfs_match_string() helper
- Decode AER errors with names similar to "lspci" (Tyler Baicar)
- Expose AER statistics in sysfs (Rajat Jain)
- Clear AER status bits selectively based on the type of recovery (Oza
Pawandeep)
- Honor "pcie_ports=native" even if HEST sets FIRMWARE_FIRST (Alexandru
Gagniuc)
- Don't clear AER status bits if we're using the "Firmware-First"
strategy where firmware owns the registers (Alexandru Gagniuc)
* pci/aer:
PCI/AER: Don't clear AER bits if error handling is Firmware-First
PCI/AER: Remove duplicate PCI_EXP_AER_FLAGS definition
PCI/portdrv: Remove pcie_portdrv_err_handler.slot_reset
PCI/AER: Clear device status bits during ERR_COR handling
PCI/AER: Clear device status bits during ERR_FATAL and ERR_NONFATAL
PCI/AER: Remove ERR_FATAL code from ERR_NONFATAL path
PCI/AER: Factor out ERR_NONFATAL status bit clearing
PCI/AER: Clear only ERR_NONFATAL bits during non-fatal recovery
PCI/AER: Clear only ERR_FATAL status bits during fatal recovery
PCI/AER: Honor "pcie_ports=native" even if HEST sets FIRMWARE_FIRST
PCI/AER: Add sysfs attributes for rootport cumulative stats
PCI/AER: Add sysfs attributes to provide AER stats and breakdown
PCI/AER: Define aer_stats structure for AER capable devices
PCI/AER: Move internal declarations to drivers/pci/pci.h
PCI/AER: Adopt lspci names for AER error decoding
PCI/AER: Expose internal API for obtaining AER information
# Conflicts:
# drivers/pci/pci.h
In commit 27d868b5e6 ("PCI: Set MPS to match upstream bridge"), we made
sure every device's MPS setting matches its upstream bridge, making it more
likely that a hot-added device will work in a system with an optimized MPS
configuration.
Recently I've started encountering systems where the endpoint device's MPSS
capability is less than its Root Port's current MPS value, thus the
endpoint is not capable of matching its upstream bridge's MPS setting (see:
bugzilla via "Link:" below). This leaves the system vulnerable - the
upstream Root Port could respond with larger TLPs than the device can
handle, and the device will consider them to be 'Malformed'.
One could use the "pci=pcie_bus_safe" kernel parameter to work around the
issue, but that forces a user to supply a kernel parameter to get the
system to function reliably and may end up limiting MPS settings of other
unrelated, sub-topologies which could benefit from maintaining their larger
values.
Augment Keith's approach to include tuning down a Root Port's MPS setting
when its hot-added endpoint device is not capable of matching it.
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200527
Signed-off-by: Myron Stowe <myron.stowe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Acked-by: Jon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>
Cc: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
Cc: Sinan Kaya <okaya@kernel.org>
Cc: Dongdong Liu <liudongdong3@huawei.com>
PCIe r4.0, sec 9.3.5.4, "Device Control Register", shows both
Max_Payload_Size (MPS) and Max_Read_request_Size (MRRS) to be 'RsvdP' for
VFs. Just prior to the table it states:
"PF and VF functionality is defined in Section 7.5.3.4 except where
noted in Table 9-16. For VF fields marked 'RsvdP', the PF setting
applies to the VF."
All of which implies that with respect to Max_Payload_Size Supported
(MPSS), MPS, and MRRS values, we should not be paying any attention to the
VF's fields, but rather only to the PF's. Only looking at the PF's fields
also logically makes sense as it's the sole physical interface to the PCIe
bus.
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200527
Fixes: 27d868b5e6 ("PCI: Set MPS to match upstream bridge")
Signed-off-by: Myron Stowe <myron.stowe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.3+
Cc: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com>
Cc: Sinan Kaya <okaya@kernel.org>
Cc: Dongdong Liu <liudongdong3@huawei.com>
Cc: Jon Mason <jdmason@kudzu.us>
When both ends of a PCIe Link are capable of a higher bandwidth than is
currently in use, the Link is said to be "downtrained". A downtrained Link
may indicate hardware or configuration problems in the system, but it's
hard to identify such Links from userspace.
Refactor pcie_print_link_status() so it continues to always print PCIe
bandwidth information, as several NIC drivers desire.
Add a new internal __pcie_print_link_status() to emit a message only when a
device's bandwidth is constrained by the fabric and call it from the PCI
core for all devices, which identifies all downtrained Links. It also
emits messages for a few cases that are technically not downtrained, such
as a x4 device in an open-ended x1 slot.
Signed-off-by: Alexandru Gagniuc <mr.nuke.me@gmail.com>
[bhelgaas: changelog, move __pcie_print_link_status() declaration to
drivers/pci/, rename pcie_check_upstream_link() to
pcie_report_downtraining()]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Several PCI core files include pci-aspm.h even though they don't need
anything provided by that file. Remove the unnecessary includes of it.
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@kernel.org>
When a PCI device is detected, pdev->is_added is set to 1 and proc and
sysfs entries are created.
When the device is removed, pdev->is_added is checked for one and then
device is detached with clearing of proc and sys entries and at end,
pdev->is_added is set to 0.
is_added and is_busmaster are bit fields in pci_dev structure sharing same
memory location.
A strange issue was observed with multiple removal and rescan of a PCIe
NVMe device using sysfs commands where is_added flag was observed as zero
instead of one while removing device and proc,sys entries are not cleared.
This causes issue in later device addition with warning message
"proc_dir_entry" already registered.
Debugging revealed a race condition between the PCI core setting the
is_added bit in pci_bus_add_device() and the NVMe driver reset work-queue
setting the is_busmaster bit in pci_set_master(). As these fields are not
handled atomically, that clears the is_added bit.
Move the is_added bit to a separate private flag variable and use atomic
functions to set and retrieve the device addition state. This avoids the
race because is_added no longer shares a memory location with is_busmaster.
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=200283
Signed-off-by: Hari Vyas <hari.vyas@broadcom.com>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Lukas Wunner <lukas@wunner.de>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Define a structure to hold the AER statistics. There are 2 groups of
statistics: dev_* counters that are to be collected for all AER capable
devices and rootport_* counters that are collected for all (AER capable)
rootports only. Allocate and free this structure when device is added or
released (thus counters survive the lifetime of the device).
Signed-off-by: Rajat Jain <rajatja@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Some IDT switches incorrectly flag an ACS Source Validation error on
completions for config read requests even though PCIe r4.0, sec 6.12.1.1,
says that completions are never affected by ACS Source Validation. Here's
the text of IDT 89H32H8G3-YC, erratum #36:
Item #36 - Downstream port applies ACS Source Validation to Completions
Section 6.12.1.1 of the PCI Express Base Specification 3.1 states that
completions are never affected by ACS Source Validation. However,
completions received by a downstream port of the PCIe switch from a
device that has not yet captured a PCIe bus number are incorrectly
dropped by ACS Source Validation by the switch downstream port.
Workaround: Issue a CfgWr1 to the downstream device before issuing the
first CfgRd1 to the device. This allows the downstream device to capture
its bus number; ACS Source Validation no longer stops completions from
being forwarded by the downstream port. It has been observed that
Microsoft Windows implements this workaround already; however, some
versions of Linux and other operating systems may not.
When doing the first config read to probe for a device, if the device is
behind an IDT switch with this erratum:
1. Disable ACS Source Validation if enabled
2. Wait for device to become ready to accept config accesses (by using
the Config Request Retry Status mechanism)
3. Do a config write to the endpoint
4. Enable ACS Source Validation (if it was enabled to begin with)
The workaround suggested by IDT is basically only step 3, but we don't know
when the device is ready to accept config requests. That means we need to
do config reads until we receive a non-Config Request Retry Status, which
means we need to disable ACS SV temporarily.
Signed-off-by: James Puthukattukaran <james.puthukattukaran@oracle.com>
[bhelgaas: changelog, clean up whitespace, fold in unused variable fix
from Anders Roxell <anders.roxell@linaro.org>]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
A PCIe endpoint carries the process address space identifier (PASID) in
the TLP prefix as part of the memory read/write transaction. The address
information in the TLP is relevant only for a given PASID context.
An IOMMU takes PASID value and the address information from the
TLP to look up the physical address in the system.
PASID is an End-End TLP Prefix (PCIe r4.0, sec 6.20). Sec 2.2.10.2 says
It is an error to receive a TLP with an End-End TLP Prefix by a
Receiver that does not support End-End TLP Prefixes. A TLP in
violation of this rule is handled as a Malformed TLP. This is a
reported error associated with the Receiving Port (see Section 6.2).
Prevent error condition by proactively requiring End-End TLP prefix to be
supported on the entire data path between the endpoint and the root port
before enabling PASID.
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Move early dump functionality into common code so that it is available for
all architectures. No need to carry arch-specific reads around as the read
hooks are already initialized by the time pci_setup_device() is getting
called during scan.
Tested-by: Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sinan Kaya <okaya@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com>
- fix use-before-set error in ibmphp (Dan Carpenter)
- fix pciehp timeouts caused by Command Completed errata (Bjorn Helgaas)
- fix refcounting in pnv_php hotplug (Julia Lawall)
- clear pciehp Presence Detect and Data Link Layer Status Changed on
resume so we don't miss hotplug events (Mika Westerberg)
- only request pciehp control if we support it, so platform can use ACPI
hotplug otherwise (Mika Westerberg)
- convert SHPC to be builtin only (Mika Westerberg)
- request SHPC control via _OSC if we support it (Mika Westerberg)
- simplify SHPC handoff from firmware (Mika Westerberg)
* pci/hotplug:
PCI: Improve "partially hidden behind bridge" log message
PCI: Improve pci_scan_bridge() and pci_scan_bridge_extend() doc
PCI: Move resource distribution for single bridge outside loop
PCI: Account for all bridges on bus when distributing bus numbers
ACPI / hotplug / PCI: Drop unnecessary parentheses
ACPI / hotplug / PCI: Mark stale PCI devices disconnected
ACPI / hotplug / PCI: Don't scan bridges managed by native hotplug
PCI: hotplug: Add hotplug_is_native()
PCI: shpchp: Add shpchp_is_native()
PCI: shpchp: Fix AMD POGO identification
PCI: shpchp: Use dev_printk() for OSHP-related messages
PCI: shpchp: Remove get_hp_hw_control_from_firmware() wrapper
PCI: shpchp: Remove acpi_get_hp_hw_control_from_firmware() flags
PCI: shpchp: Rely on previous _OSC results
PCI: shpchp: Request SHPC control via _OSC when adding host bridge
PCI: shpchp: Convert SHPC to be builtin only
PCI: pciehp: Make pciehp_is_native() stricter
PCI: pciehp: Rename host->native_hotplug to host->native_pcie_hotplug
PCI: pciehp: Request control of native hotplug only if supported
PCI: pciehp: Clear Presence Detect and Data Link Layer Status Changed on resume
PCI: pnv_php: Add missing of_node_put()
PCI: pciehp: Add quirk for Command Completed errata
PCI: Add Qualcomm vendor ID
PCI: ibmphp: Fix use-before-set in get_max_bus_speed()
# Conflicts:
# drivers/acpi/pci_root.c
- neaten pci=earlydump output (Andy Shevchenko)
- avoid errors when extended config space inaccessible (Gilles Buloz)
- prevent sysfs disable of device while driver attached (Christoph
Hellwig)
- use core interface to report PCIe link properties in bnx2x, bnxt_en,
cxgb4, ixgbe (Bjorn Helgaas)
- remove unused pcie_get_minimum_link() (Bjorn Helgaas)
* pci/enumeration:
PCI: Remove unused pcie_get_minimum_link()
ixgbe: Report PCIe link properties with pcie_print_link_status()
cxgb4: Report PCIe link properties with pcie_print_link_status()
bnxt_en: Report PCIe link properties with pcie_print_link_status()
bnx2x: Report PCIe link properties with pcie_print_link_status()
PCI: Prevent sysfs disable of device while driver is attached
PCI: Check whether bridges allow access to extended config space
x86/PCI: Make pci=earlydump output neat
pci_scan_child_bus_extend() complains when we assign an unreachable
secondary bus number to a bridge. For example, given the topology below:
+-1b.0-[01-39]----00.0-[02-3a]--+-00.0-[03]----00.0
+-01.0-[04-39]--
\-02.0-[3a]----00.0
it logs the following messages:
pci_bus 0000:3a: [bus 3a] partially hidden behind bridge 0000:02 [bus 02-39]
pci_bus 0000:3a: [bus 3a] partially hidden behind bridge 0000:01 [bus 01-39]
These messages are incorrect (0000:02 is a bus, not a bridge) and
confusing. Make the message more understandable:
pci 0000:02:02.0: devices behind bridge are unusable because [bus 3a] cannot be assigned for them
Also, remove the reference to CardBus, because this issue affects all
varieties of PCI, not just CardBus.
Suggested-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
[bhelgaas: changelog]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
It is not immediately clear what the two functions actually return so
add kernel-doc comment explaining it a bit better.
Suggested-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
When distributing extra bus number space to hotplug bridges for future
extension, we don't account for the fact that there might be non-hotplug
bridges on the bus after the hotplug bridges. For example:
01:00.0 --+- 02:00.0 (HotPlug-) -- Thunderbolt host controller
+- 02:01.0 (HotPlug+)
\- 02:02.0 (HotPlug-) -- xHCI host controller
pci_scan_child_bus_extend() is supposed to distribute the remaining bus
numbers to the hotplug bridge at 02:01.0, but only after accounting for all
bridges on bus 02. Since we don't check whether there's another
non-hotplug bridge after the hotplug bridge 02:01.0, it may not leave space
for the non-hotplug bridge:
pci 0000:00:1b.0: PCI bridge to [bus 01-39] (Root Port)
pci 0000:01:00.0: PCI bridge to [bus 02-39]
...
pci 0000:02:00.0: PCI bridge to [bus 03]
pci 0000:02:01.0: PCI bridge to [bus 04]
pci_bus 0000:04: [bus 04-39] extended by 0x35
pci_bus 0000:04: bus scan returning with max=39
pci_bus 0000:04: busn_res: [bus 04-39] end is updated to 39
pci 0000:02:02.0: scanning [bus 00-00] behind bridge, pass 1
pci_bus 0000:3a: scanning bus
pci_bus 0000:3a: bus scan returning with max=3a
pci_bus 0000:3a: busn_res: [bus 3a] end is updated to 3a
pci_bus 0000:3a: [bus 3a] partially hidden behind bridge 0000:02 [bus 02-39]
pci_bus 0000:3a: [bus 3a] partially hidden behind bridge 0000:01 [bus 01-39]
pci_bus 0000:02: bus scan returning with max=3a
pci_bus 0000:02: busn_res: [bus 02-39] end can not be updated to 3a
The resulting 'lspci -t' output looks like this:
+-1b.0-[01-39]----00.0-[02-3a]--+-00.0-[03]----00.0
^^ +-01.0-[04-39]--
\-02.0-[3a]----00.0
^^
The xHCI host controller behind 02:02.0 is not usable because it would have
to be assigned bus 3a, which is not accessible through 00:1b.0.
To fix this, reserve at least one bus for each bridge while scanning
already configured bridges. Then use this information in the second
scan to correct the available extra bus space for hotplug bridges.
After this change the 'lspci -t' output is what is expected:
+-1b.0-[01-39]----00.0-[02-39]--+-00.0-[03]----00.0
+-01.0-[04-38]--
\-02.0-[39]----00.0
The xHCI controller is now on bus 39, where it is usable.
Fixes: 1c02ea8100 ("PCI: Distribute available buses to hotplug-capable bridges")
Reported-by: Mario Limonciello <mario.limonciello@dell.com>
Signed-off-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
[bhelgaas: changelog]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
The SHPC driver now must be builtin (it cannot be a module). If it is
present, request SHPC control immediately when adding the ACPI host bridge.
This is similar to how we handle native PCIe hotplug via pciehp.
Suggested-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
[bhelgaas: split to separate patch]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Rename host->native_hotplug to host->native_pcie_hotplug to make room for a
similar flag for SHPC hotplug.
Suggested-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
[bhelgaas: split to separate patch]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Fix a memory leak by freeing the PCI resource list in
devm_pci_release_host_bridge_dev().
Fixes: 5c3f18cce0 ("PCI: Add devm_pci_alloc_host_bridge() interface")
Signed-off-by: Jan Kiszka <jan.kiszka@siemens.com>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Even if a device supports extended config space, i.e., it is a PCI-X Mode 2
or a PCI Express device, the extended space may not be accessible if
there's a conventional PCI bus in the path to it.
We currently figure that out in pci_cfg_space_size() by reading the first
dword of extended config space. On most platforms that returns ~0 data if
the space is inaccessible, but it may set error bits in PCI status
registers, and on some platforms it causes exceptions that we currently
don't recover from.
For example, a PCIe-to-conventional PCI bridge treats config transactions
with a non-zero Extended Register Address as an Unsupported Request on PCIe
and a received Master-Abort on the destination bus (see PCI Express to
PCI/PCI-X Bridge spec, r1.0, sec 4.1.3).
A sample case is a LS1043A CPU (NXP QorIQ Layerscape) platform with the
following bus topology:
LS1043 PCIe Root Port
-> PEX8112 PCIe-to-PCI bridge (doesn't support ext cfg on PCI side)
-> PMC slot connector (for legacy PMC modules)
With a PMC module topology as follows:
PMC connector
-> PCI-to-PCIe bridge
-> PCIe switch (4 ports)
-> 4 PCIe devices (one on each port)
The PCIe devices on the PMC module support extended config space, but we
can't reach it because the PEX8112 can't generate accesses to the extended
space on its secondary bus. Attempts to access it cause Unsupported
Request errors, which result in synchronous aborts on this platform.
To avoid these errors, check whether bridges are capable of generating
extended config space addresses on their secondary interfaces. If they
can't, we restrict devices below the bridge to only the 256-byte
PCI-compatible config space.
Signed-off-by: Gilles Buloz <gilles.buloz@kontron.com>
[bhelgaas: changelog, rework patch so bus_flags testing is all in
pci_bridge_child_ext_cfg_accessible()]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Per the PCI Firmware spec r3.2, sec 4.5, an ACPI-based OS should use _OSC
to request control of Latency Tolerance Reporting (LTR) before using it.
Request control of LTR, and if the platform does not grant control, don't
use it.
N.B. If the hardware supports LTR and the ASPM L1.2 substate but the BIOS
doesn't support LTR in _OSC, we previously would enable ASPM L1.2. This
patch will prevent us from enabling ASPM L1.2 in that case. It does not
prevent us from enabling PCI-PM L1.2, since that doesn't depend on LTR.
See PCIe r40, sec 5.5.1, for the L1 PM substate entry conditions.
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
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Merge tag 'pci-v4.17-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/helgaas/pci
Pull PCI updates from Bjorn Helgaas:
- move pci_uevent_ers() out of pci.h (Michael Ellerman)
- skip ASPM common clock warning if BIOS already configured it (Sinan
Kaya)
- fix ASPM Coverity warning about threshold_ns (Gustavo A. R. Silva)
- remove last user of pci_get_bus_and_slot() and the function itself
(Sinan Kaya)
- add decoding for 16 GT/s link speed (Jay Fang)
- add interfaces to get max link speed and width (Tal Gilboa)
- add pcie_bandwidth_capable() to compute max supported link bandwidth
(Tal Gilboa)
- add pcie_bandwidth_available() to compute bandwidth available to
device (Tal Gilboa)
- add pcie_print_link_status() to log link speed and whether it's
limited (Tal Gilboa)
- use PCI core interfaces to report when device performance may be
limited by its slot instead of doing it in each driver (Tal Gilboa)
- fix possible cpqphp NULL pointer dereference (Shawn Lin)
- rescan more of the hierarchy on ACPI hotplug to fix Thunderbolt/xHCI
hotplug (Mika Westerberg)
- add support for PCI I/O port space that's neither directly accessible
via CPU in/out instructions nor directly mapped into CPU physical
memory space. This is fairly intrusive and includes minor changes to
interfaces used for I/O space on most platforms (Zhichang Yuan, John
Garry)
- add support for HiSilicon Hip06/Hip07 LPC I/O space (Zhichang Yuan,
John Garry)
- use PCI_EXP_DEVCTL2_COMP_TIMEOUT in rapidio/tsi721 (Bjorn Helgaas)
- remove possible NULL pointer dereference in of_pci_bus_find_domain_nr()
(Shawn Lin)
- report quirk timings with dev_info (Bjorn Helgaas)
- report quirks that take longer than 10ms (Bjorn Helgaas)
- add and use Altera Vendor ID (Johannes Thumshirn)
- tidy Makefiles and comments (Bjorn Helgaas)
- don't set up INTx if MSI or MSI-X is enabled to align cris, frv,
ia64, and mn10300 with x86 (Bjorn Helgaas)
- move pcieport_if.h to drivers/pci/pcie/ to encapsulate it (Frederick
Lawler)
- merge pcieport_if.h into portdrv.h (Bjorn Helgaas)
- move workaround for BIOS PME issue from portdrv to PCI core (Bjorn
Helgaas)
- completely disable portdrv with "pcie_ports=compat" (Bjorn Helgaas)
- remove portdrv link order dependency (Bjorn Helgaas)
- remove support for unused VC portdrv service (Bjorn Helgaas)
- simplify portdrv feature permission checking (Bjorn Helgaas)
- remove "pcie_hp=nomsi" parameter (use "pci=nomsi" instead) (Bjorn
Helgaas)
- remove unnecessary "pcie_ports=auto" parameter (Bjorn Helgaas)
- use cached AER capability offset (Frederick Lawler)
- don't enable DPC if BIOS hasn't granted AER control (Mika Westerberg)
- rename pcie-dpc.c to dpc.c (Bjorn Helgaas)
- use generic pci_mmap_resource_range() instead of powerpc and xtensa
arch-specific versions (David Woodhouse)
- support arbitrary PCI host bridge offsets on sparc (Yinghai Lu)
- remove System and Video ROM reservations on sparc (Bjorn Helgaas)
- probe for device reset support during enumeration instead of runtime
(Bjorn Helgaas)
- add ACS quirk for Ampere (née APM) root ports (Feng Kan)
- add function 1 DMA alias quirk for Marvell 88SE9220 (Thomas
Vincent-Cross)
- protect device restore with device lock (Sinan Kaya)
- handle failure of FLR gracefully (Sinan Kaya)
- handle CRS (config retry status) after device resets (Sinan Kaya)
- skip various config reads for SR-IOV VFs as an optimization
(KarimAllah Ahmed)
- consolidate VPD code in vpd.c (Bjorn Helgaas)
- add Tegra dependency on PCI_MSI_IRQ_DOMAIN (Arnd Bergmann)
- add DT support for R-Car r8a7743 (Biju Das)
- fix a PCI_EJECT vs PCI_BUS_RELATIONS race condition in Hyper-V host
bridge driver that causes a general protection fault (Dexuan Cui)
- fix Hyper-V host bridge hang in MSI setup on 1-vCPU VMs with SR-IOV
(Dexuan Cui)
- fix Hyper-V host bridge hang when ejecting a VF before setting up MSI
(Dexuan Cui)
- make several structures static (Fengguang Wu)
- increase number of MSI IRQs supported by Synopsys DesignWare bridges
from 32 to 256 (Gustavo Pimentel)
- implemented multiplexed IRQ domain API and remove obsolete MSI IRQ
API from DesignWare drivers (Gustavo Pimentel)
- add Tegra power management support (Manikanta Maddireddy)
- add Tegra loadable module support (Manikanta Maddireddy)
- handle 64-bit BARs correctly in endpoint support (Niklas Cassel)
- support optional regulator for HiSilicon STB (Shawn Guo)
- use regulator bulk API for Qualcomm apq8064 (Srinivas Kandagatla)
- support power supplies for Qualcomm msm8996 (Srinivas Kandagatla)
* tag 'pci-v4.17-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/helgaas/pci: (123 commits)
MAINTAINERS: Add John Garry as maintainer for HiSilicon LPC driver
HISI LPC: Add ACPI support
ACPI / scan: Do not enumerate Indirect IO host children
ACPI / scan: Rename acpi_is_serial_bus_slave() for more general use
HISI LPC: Support the LPC host on Hip06/Hip07 with DT bindings
of: Add missing I/O range exception for indirect-IO devices
PCI: Apply the new generic I/O management on PCI IO hosts
PCI: Add fwnode handler as input param of pci_register_io_range()
PCI: Remove __weak tag from pci_register_io_range()
MAINTAINERS: Add missing /drivers/pci/cadence directory entry
fm10k: Report PCIe link properties with pcie_print_link_status()
net/mlx5e: Use pcie_bandwidth_available() to compute bandwidth
net/mlx5: Report PCIe link properties with pcie_print_link_status()
net/mlx4_core: Report PCIe link properties with pcie_print_link_status()
PCI: Add pcie_print_link_status() to log link speed and whether it's limited
PCI: Add pcie_bandwidth_available() to compute bandwidth available to device
misc: pci_endpoint_test: Handle 64-bit BARs properly
PCI: designware-ep: Make dw_pcie_ep_reset_bar() handle 64-bit BARs properly
PCI: endpoint: Make sure that BAR_5 does not have 64-bit flag set when clearing
PCI: endpoint: Make epc->ops->clear_bar()/pci_epc_clear_bar() take struct *epf_bar
...
- probe for device reset support during enumeration instead of runtime
(Bjorn Helgaas)
- add ACS quirk for Ampere (née APM) root ports (Feng Kan)
- add function 1 DMA alias quirk for Marvell 88SE9220 (Thomas
Vincent-Cross)
- protect device restore with device lock (Sinan Kaya)
- handle failure of FLR gracefully (Sinan Kaya)
- handle CRS (config retry status) after device resets (Sinan Kaya)
- skip various config reads for SR-IOV VFs as an optimization (KarimAllah
Ahmed)
* pci/virtualization:
PCI/IOV: Add missing prototypes for powerpc pcibios interfaces
PCI/IOV: Use VF0 cached config registers for other VFs
PCI/IOV: Skip BAR sizing for VFs
PCI/IOV: Skip INTx config reads for VFs
PCI: Wait for device to become ready after secondary bus reset
PCI: Add a return type for pci_reset_bridge_secondary_bus()
PCI: Wait for device to become ready after a power management reset
PCI: Rename pci_flr_wait() to pci_dev_wait() and make it generic
PCI: Handle FLR failure and allow other reset types
PCI: Protect restore with device lock to be consistent
PCI: Add function 1 DMA alias quirk for Marvell 88SE9220
PCI: Add ACS quirk for Ampere root ports
PCI: Remove redundant probes for device reset support
PCI: Probe for device reset support during enumeration
Conflicts:
include/linux/pci.h
- move pcieport_if.h to drivers/pci/pcie/ to encapsulate it (Frederick
Lawler)
- merge pcieport_if.h into portdrv.h (Bjorn Helgaas)
- move workaround for BIOS PME issue from portdrv to PCI core (Bjorn
Helgaas)
- completely disable portdrv with "pcie_ports=compat" (Bjorn Helgaas)
- remove portdrv link order dependency (Bjorn Helgaas)
- remove support for unused VC portdrv service (Bjorn Helgaas)
- simplify portdrv feature permission checking (Bjorn Helgaas)
- remove "pcie_hp=nomsi" parameter (use "pci=nomsi" instead) (Bjorn
Helgaas)
- remove unnecessary "pcie_ports=auto" parameter (Bjorn Helgaas)
- use cached AER capability offset (Frederick Lawler)
- don't enable DPC if BIOS hasn't granted AER control (Mika Westerberg)
- rename pcie-dpc.c to dpc.c (Bjorn Helgaas)
* pci/portdrv:
PCI/DPC: Rename from pcie-dpc.c to dpc.c
PCI/DPC: Do not enable DPC if AER control is not allowed by the BIOS
PCI/AER: Use cached AER Capability offset
PCI/portdrv: Rename and reverse sense of pcie_ports_auto
PCI/portdrv: Encapsulate pcie_ports_auto inside the port driver
PCI/portdrv: Remove unnecessary "pcie_ports=auto" parameter
PCI/portdrv: Remove "pcie_hp=nomsi" kernel parameter
PCI/portdrv: Remove unnecessary include of <linux/pci-aspm.h>
PCI/portdrv: Simplify PCIe feature permission checking
PCI/portdrv: Remove unused PCIE_PORT_SERVICE_VC
PCI/portdrv: Remove pcie_port_bus_type link order dependency
PCI/portdrv: Disable port driver in compat mode
PCI/PM: Clear PCIe PME Status bit for Root Complex Event Collectors
PCI/PM: Clear PCIe PME Status bit in core, not PCIe port driver
PCI/PM: Move pcie_clear_root_pme_status() to core
PCI/portdrv: Merge pcieport_if.h into portdrv.h
PCI/portdrv: Move pcieport_if.h to drivers/pci/pcie/
Conflicts:
drivers/pci/pcie/Makefile
drivers/pci/pcie/portdrv.h
- use PCI_EXP_DEVCTL2_COMP_TIMEOUT in rapidio/tsi721 (Bjorn Helgaas)
- remove possible NULL pointer dereference in of_pci_bus_find_domain_nr()
(Shawn Lin)
- report quirk timings with dev_info (Bjorn Helgaas)
- report quirks that take longer than 10ms (Bjorn Helgaas)
- add and use Altera Vendor ID (Johannes Thumshirn)
- tidy Makefiles and comments (Bjorn Helgaas)
* pci/misc:
PCI: Always define the of_node helpers
PCI: Tidy comments
PCI: Tidy Makefiles
mcb: Add Altera PCI ID to mcb-pci
PCI: Add Altera vendor ID
PCI: Report quirks that take more than 10ms
PCI: Report quirk timings with pci_info() instead of pr_debug()
PCI: Fix NULL pointer dereference in of_pci_bus_find_domain_nr()
rapidio/tsi721: use PCI_EXP_DEVCTL2_COMP_TIMEOUT macro
Cache some config data from VF0 and use it for all other VFs instead of
reading it from the config space of each VF. We assume these items are the
same across all associated VFs:
Revision ID
Class Code
Subsystem Vendor ID
Subsystem ID
This is an optimization when enabling SR-IOV on a device with many VFs.
Signed-off-by: KarimAllah Ahmed <karahmed@amazon.de>
[bhelgaas: changelog, simplify comments, remove unused "device", test
CONFIG_PCI_IOV instead of CONFIG_PCI_ATS, rename functions]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>
Some PCIe features (AER, DPC, hotplug, PME) can be managed by either the
platform firmware or the OS, so the host bridge driver may have to request
permission from the platform before using them. On ACPI systems, this is
done by negotiate_os_control() in acpi_pci_root_add().
The PCIe port driver later uses pcie_port_platform_notify() and
pcie_port_acpi_setup() to figure out whether it can use these features.
But all we need is a single bit for each service, so these interfaces are
needlessly complicated.
Simplify this by adding bits in the struct pci_host_bridge to show when the
OS has permission to use each feature:
+ unsigned int native_aer:1; /* OS may use PCIe AER */
+ unsigned int native_hotplug:1; /* OS may use PCIe hotplug */
+ unsigned int native_pme:1; /* OS may use PCIe PME */
These are set when we create a host bridge, and the host bridge driver can
clear the bits corresponding to any feature the platform doesn't want us to
use.
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
PCIe 4.0 defines the 16.0 GT/s link speed. Links can run at that speed
without any Linux changes, but previously their sysfs "max_link_speed" and
"current_link_speed" files contained "Unknown speed", not the expected
"16.0 GT/s".
Add decoding for the new 16 GT/s link speed.
Signed-off-by: Jay Fang <f.fangjian@huawei.com>
[bhelgaas: add PCI_EXP_LNKCAP2_SLS_16_0GB]
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Dongdong Liu <liudongdong3@huawei.com>
Per PCIe r4.0, sec 9.3.4.1.11, the BAR registers in VF config space are all
RO Zero, so skip sizing them.
This is an optimization when enabling SR-IOV on a device with many VFs.
Suggested-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Signed-off-by: KarimAllah Ahmed <karahmed@amazon.de>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
