This patch adds the sample program test_cgrp2_attach2. This program is
similar to test_cgrp2_attach, but it performs automated testing of the
cgroupv2 BPF attached filters. It runs the following checks:
* Simple filter attachment
* Application of filters to child cgroups
* Overriding filters on child cgroups
* Checking that this still works when the parent filter is removed
The filters that are used here are simply allow all / deny all filters, so
it isn't checking the actual functionality of the filters, but rather
the behaviour around detachment / attachment. If net_cls is enabled,
this test will fail.
Signed-off-by: Sargun Dhillon <sargun@sargun.me>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch modifies test_current_task_under_cgroup_user. The test has
several helpers around creating a temporary environment for cgroup
testing, and moving the current task around cgroups. This set of
helpers can then be used in other tests.
Signed-off-by: Sargun Dhillon <sargun@sargun.me>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
silence some of the clang compiler warnings like:
include/linux/fs.h:2693:9: warning: comparison of unsigned enum expression < 0 is always false
arch/x86/include/asm/processor.h:491:30: warning: taking address of packed member 'sp0' of class or structure 'x86_hw_tss' may result in an unaligned pointer value
include/linux/cgroup-defs.h:326:16: warning: field 'cgrp' with variable sized type 'struct cgroup' not at the end of a struct or class is a GNU extension
since they add too much noise to samples/bpf/ build.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Add examples preventing a process in a cgroup from opening a socket
based family, protocol and type.
Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsa@cumulusnetworks.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Add a simple program to demonstrate the ability to attach a bpf program
to a cgroup that sets sk_bound_dev_if for AF_INET{6} sockets when they
are created.
Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsa@cumulusnetworks.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Fix the following build error:
HOSTCC samples/bpf/test_lru_dist.o
../samples/bpf/test_lru_dist.c:25:22: fatal error: bpf_util.h: No such file or directory
This is due to objtree != srctree.
Use srctree, since that's where bpf_util.h is located.
Fixes: e00c7b216f ("bpf: fix multiple issues in selftest suite and samples")
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Tested-by: David Ahern <dsa@cumulusnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
1) The test_lru_map and test_lru_dist fails building on my machine since
the sys/resource.h header is not included.
2) test_verifier fails in one test case where we try to call an invalid
function, since the verifier log output changed wrt printing function
names.
3) Current selftest suite code relies on sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF) for
retrieving the number of possible CPUs. This is broken at least in our
scenario and really just doesn't work.
glibc tries a number of things for retrieving _SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF.
First it tries equivalent of /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu[0-9]* | wc -l,
if that fails, depending on the config, it either tries to count CPUs
in /proc/cpuinfo, or returns the _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN value instead.
If /proc/cpuinfo has some issue, it returns just 1 worst case. This
oddity is nothing new [1], but semantics/behaviour seems to be settled.
_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN will parse /sys/devices/system/cpu/online, if
that fails it looks into /proc/stat for cpuX entries, and if also that
fails for some reason, /proc/cpuinfo is consulted (and returning 1 if
unlikely all breaks down).
While that might match num_possible_cpus() from the kernel in some
cases, it's really not guaranteed with CPU hotplugging, and can result
in a buffer overflow since the array in user space could have too few
number of slots, and on perpcu map lookup, the kernel will write beyond
that memory of the value buffer.
William Tu reported such mismatches:
[...] The fact that sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF) != num_possible_cpu()
happens when CPU hotadd is enabled. For example, in Fusion when
setting vcpu.hotadd = "TRUE" or in KVM, setting ./qemu-system-x86_64
-smp 2, maxcpus=4 ... the num_possible_cpu() will be 4 and sysconf()
will be 2 [2]. [...]
Documentation/cputopology.txt says /sys/devices/system/cpu/possible
outputs cpu_possible_mask. That is the same as in num_possible_cpus(),
so first step would be to fix the _SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF calls with our
own implementation. Later, we could add support to bpf(2) for passing
a mask via CPU_SET(3), for example, to just select a subset of CPUs.
BPF samples code needs this fix as well (at least so that people stop
copying this). Thus, define bpf_num_possible_cpus() once in selftests
and import it from there for the sample code to avoid duplicating it.
The remaining sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF) in samples are unrelated.
After all three issues are fixed, the test suite runs fine again:
# make run_tests | grep self
selftests: test_verifier [PASS]
selftests: test_maps [PASS]
selftests: test_lru_map [PASS]
selftests: test_kmod.sh [PASS]
[1] https://www.sourceware.org/ml/libc-alpha/2011-06/msg00079.html
[2] https://www.mail-archive.com/netdev@vger.kernel.org/msg121183.html
Fixes: 3059303f59 ("samples/bpf: update tracex[23] examples to use per-cpu maps")
Fixes: 86af8b4191 ("Add sample for adding simple drop program to link")
Fixes: df570f5772 ("samples/bpf: unit test for BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY")
Fixes: e155967179 ("samples/bpf: unit test for BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_HASH")
Fixes: ebb676daa1 ("bpf: Print function name in addition to function id")
Fixes: 5db58faf98 ("bpf: Add tests for the LRU bpf_htab")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: William Tu <u9012063@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Add a simple userpace program to demonstrate the new API to attach eBPF
programs to cgroups. This is what it does:
* Create arraymap in kernel with 4 byte keys and 8 byte values
* Load eBPF program
The eBPF program accesses the map passed in to store two pieces of
information. The number of invocations of the program, which maps
to the number of packets received, is stored to key 0. Key 1 is
incremented on each iteration by the number of bytes stored in
the skb.
* Detach any eBPF program previously attached to the cgroup
* Attach the new program to the cgroup using BPF_PROG_ATTACH
* Once a second, read map[0] and map[1] to see how many bytes and
packets were seen on any socket of tasks in the given cgroup.
The program takes a cgroup path as 1st argument, and either "ingress"
or "egress" as 2nd. Optionally, "drop" can be passed as 3rd argument,
which will make the generated eBPF program return 0 instead of 1, so
the kernel will drop the packet.
libbpf gained two new wrappers for the new syscall commands.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Mack <daniel@zonque.org>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch has some unit tests and a test_lru_dist.
The test_lru_dist reads in the numeric keys from a file.
The files used here are generated by a modified fio-genzipf tool
originated from the fio test suit. The sample data file can be
found here: https://github.com/iamkafai/bpf-lru
The zipf.* data files have 100k numeric keys and the key is also
ranged from 1 to 100k.
The test_lru_dist outputs the number of unique keys (nr_unique).
F.e. The following means, 61239 of them is unique out of 100k keys.
nr_misses means it cannot be found in the LRU map, so nr_misses
must be >= nr_unique. test_lru_dist also simulates a perfect LRU
map as a comparison:
[root@arch-fb-vm1 ~]# ~/devshare/fb-kernel/linux/samples/bpf/test_lru_dist \
/root/zipf.100k.a1_01.out 4000 1
...
test_parallel_lru_dist (map_type:9 map_flags:0x0):
task:0 BPF LRU: nr_unique:23093(/100000) nr_misses:31603(/100000)
task:0 Perfect LRU: nr_unique:23093(/100000 nr_misses:34328(/100000)
....
test_parallel_lru_dist (map_type:9 map_flags:0x2):
task:0 BPF LRU: nr_unique:23093(/100000) nr_misses:31710(/100000)
task:0 Perfect LRU: nr_unique:23093(/100000 nr_misses:34328(/100000)
[root@arch-fb-vm1 ~]# ~/devshare/fb-kernel/linux/samples/bpf/test_lru_dist \
/root/zipf.100k.a0_01.out 40000 1
...
test_parallel_lru_dist (map_type:9 map_flags:0x0):
task:0 BPF LRU: nr_unique:61239(/100000) nr_misses:67054(/100000)
task:0 Perfect LRU: nr_unique:61239(/100000 nr_misses:66993(/100000)
...
test_parallel_lru_dist (map_type:9 map_flags:0x2):
task:0 BPF LRU: nr_unique:61239(/100000) nr_misses:67068(/100000)
task:0 Perfect LRU: nr_unique:61239(/100000 nr_misses:66993(/100000)
LRU map has also been added to map_perf_test:
/* Global LRU */
[root@kerneltest003.31.prn1 ~]# for i in 1 4 8; do echo -n "$i cpus: "; \
./map_perf_test 16 $i | awk '{r += $3}END{print r " updates"}'; done
1 cpus: 2934082 updates
4 cpus: 7391434 updates
8 cpus: 6500576 updates
/* Percpu LRU */
[root@kerneltest003.31.prn1 ~]# for i in 1 4 8; do echo -n "$i cpus: "; \
./map_perf_test 32 $i | awk '{r += $3}END{print r " updates"}'; done
1 cpus: 2896553 updates
4 cpus: 9766395 updates
8 cpus: 17460553 updates
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The test creates two netns, ns1 and ns2. The host (the default netns)
has an ipip or ip6tnl dev configured for tunneling traffic to the ns2.
ping VIPS from ns1 <----> host <--tunnel--> ns2 (VIPs at loopback)
The test is to have ns1 pinging VIPs configured at the loopback
interface in ns2.
The VIPs are 10.10.1.102 and 2401:face::66 (which are configured
at lo@ns2). [Note: 0x66 => 102].
At ns1, the VIPs are routed _via_ the host.
At the host, bpf programs are installed at the veth to redirect packets
from a veth to the ipip/ip6tnl. The test is configured in a way so
that both ingress and egress can be tested.
At ns2, the ipip/ip6tnl dev is configured with the local and remote address
specified. The return path is routed to the dev ipip/ip6tnl.
During egress test, the host also locally tests pinging the VIPs to ensure
that bpf_redirect at egress also works for the direct egress (i.e. not
forwarding from dev ve1 to ve2).
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Add a start of a test suite for kernel selftests. This moves test_verifier
and test_maps over to tools/testing/selftests/bpf/ along with various
code improvements and also adds a script for invoking test_bpf module.
The test suite can simply be run via selftest framework, f.e.:
# cd tools/testing/selftests/bpf/
# make
# make run_tests
Both test_verifier and test_maps were kind of misplaced in samples/bpf/
directory and we were looking into adding them to selftests for a while
now, so it can be picked up by kbuild bot et al and hopefully also get
more exposure and thus new test case additions.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
sample instruction pointer and frequency count in a BPF map
Signed-off-by: Brendan Gregg <bgregg@netflix.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The bpf program is called 50 times a second and does hashmap[kern&user_stackid]++
It's primary purpose to check that key bpf helpers like map lookup, update,
get_stackid, trace_printk and ctx access are all working.
It checks:
- PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES on all cpus
- PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES for current process and inherited perf_events to children
- PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK on all cpus
- PERF_COUNT_SW_CPU_CLOCK for current process
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
The patch creates sample code exercising bpf_skb_{set,get}_tunnel_key,
and bpf_skb_{set,get}_tunnel_opt for GRE, VXLAN, and GENEVE. A native
tunnel device is created in a namespace to interact with a lwtunnel
device out of the namespace, with metadata enabled. The bpf_skb_set_*
program is attached to tc egress and bpf_skb_get_* is attached to egress
qdisc. A ping between two tunnels is used to verify correctness and
the result of bpf_skb_get_* printed by bpf_trace_printk.
Signed-off-by: William Tu <u9012063@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This test has a BPF program which writes the last known pid to call the
sync syscall within a given cgroup to a map.
The user mode program creates its own mount namespace, and mounts the
cgroupsv2 hierarchy in there, as on all current test systems
(Ubuntu 16.04, Debian), the cgroupsv2 vfs is unmounted by default.
Once it does this, it proceeds to test.
The test checks for positive and negative condition. It ensures that
when it's part of a given cgroup, its pid is captured in the map,
and that when it leaves the cgroup, this doesn't happen.
It populate a cgroups arraymap prior to execution in userspace. This means
that the program must be run in the same cgroups namespace as the programs
that are being traced.
Signed-off-by: Sargun Dhillon <sargun@sargun.me>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This example shows using a kprobe to act as a dnat mechanism to divert
traffic for arbitrary endpoints. It rewrite the arguments to a syscall
while they're still in userspace, and before the syscall has a chance
to copy the argument into kernel space.
Although this is an example, it also acts as a test because the mapped
address is 255.255.255.255:555 -> real address, and that's not a legal
address to connect to. If the helper is broken, the example will fail
on the intermediate steps, as well as the final step to verify the
rewrite of userspace memory succeeded.
Signed-off-by: Sargun Dhillon <sargun@sargun.me>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Add a sample that rewrites and forwards packets out on the same
interface. Observed single core forwarding performance of ~10Mpps.
Since the mlx4 driver under test recycles every single packet page, the
perf output shows almost exclusively just the ring management and bpf
program work. Slowdowns are likely occurring due to cache misses.
Signed-off-by: Brenden Blanco <bblanco@plumgrid.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
test_cgrp2_array_pin.c:
A userland program that creates a bpf_map (BPF_MAP_TYPE_GROUP_ARRAY),
pouplates/updates it with a cgroup2's backed fd and pins it to a
bpf-fs's file. The pinned file can be loaded by tc and then used
by the bpf prog later. This program can also update an existing pinned
array and it could be useful for debugging/testing purpose.
test_cgrp2_tc_kern.c:
A bpf prog which should be loaded by tc. It is to demonstrate
the usage of bpf_skb_in_cgroup.
test_cgrp2_tc.sh:
A script that glues the test_cgrp2_array_pin.c and
test_cgrp2_tc_kern.c together. The idea is like:
1. Load the test_cgrp2_tc_kern.o by tc
2. Use test_cgrp2_array_pin.c to populate a BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY
with a cgroup fd
3. Do a 'ping -6 ff02::1%ve' to ensure the packet has been
dropped because of a match on the cgroup
Most of the lines in test_cgrp2_tc.sh is the boilerplate
to setup the cgroup/bpf-fs/net-devices/netns...etc. It is
not bulletproof on errors but should work well enough and
give enough debug info if things did not go well.
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@fb.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
parse_simple.c - packet parser exapmle with single length check that
filters out udp packets for port 9
parse_varlen.c - variable length parser that understand multiple vlan headers,
ipip, ipip6 and ip options to filter out udp or tcp packets on port 9.
The packet is parsed layer by layer with multitple length checks.
parse_ldabs.c - classic style of packet parsing using LD_ABS instruction.
Same functionality as parse_simple.
simple = 24.1Mpps per core
varlen = 22.7Mpps
ldabs = 21.4Mpps
Parser with LD_ABS instructions is slower than full direct access parser
which does more packet accesses and checks.
These examples demonstrate the choice bpf program authors can make between
flexibility of the parser vs speed.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Users are likely to manually compile both LLVM 'llc' and 'clang'
tools. Thus, also allow redefining CLANG and verify command exist.
Makefile implementation wise, the target that verify the command have
been generalized.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
It is not intuitive that 'make' must be run from the top level
directory with argument "samples/bpf/" to compile these eBPF samples.
Introduce a kbuild make file trick that allow make to be run from the
"samples/bpf/" directory itself. It basically change to the top level
directory and call "make samples/bpf/" with the "/" slash after the
directory name.
Also add a clean target that only cleans this directory, by taking
advantage of the kbuild external module setting M=$PWD.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Make compiling samples/bpf more user friendly, by detecting if LLVM
compiler tool 'llc' is available, and also detect if the 'bpf' target
is available in this version of LLVM.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
It is practical to be-able-to redefine the location of the LLVM
command 'llc', because not all distros have a LLVM version with bpf
target support. Thus, it is sometimes required to compile LLVM from
source, and sometimes it is not desired to overwrite the distros
default LLVM version.
This feature was removed with 128d1514be ("samples/bpf: Use llc in
PATH, rather than a hardcoded value").
Add this features back. Note that it is possible to redefine the LLC
on the make command like:
make samples/bpf/ LLC=~/git/llvm/build/bin/llc
Fixes: 128d1514be ("samples/bpf: Use llc in PATH, rather than a hardcoded value")
Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
the first microbenchmark does
fd=open("/proc/self/comm");
for() {
write(fd, "test");
}
and on 4 cpus in parallel:
writes per sec
base (no tracepoints, no kprobes) 930k
with kprobe at __set_task_comm() 420k
with tracepoint at task:task_rename 730k
For kprobe + full bpf program manully fetches oldcomm, newcomm via bpf_probe_read.
For tracepint bpf program does nothing, since arguments are copied by tracepoint.
2nd microbenchmark does:
fd=open("/dev/urandom");
for() {
read(fd, buf);
}
and on 4 cpus in parallel:
reads per sec
base (no tracepoints, no kprobes) 300k
with kprobe at urandom_read() 279k
with tracepoint at random:urandom_read 290k
bpf progs attached to kprobe and tracepoint are noop.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
While at it, remove the generation of .s files and fix some typos in the
related comment.
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@fb.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
performance tests for hash map and per-cpu hash map
with and without pre-allocation
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
this test calls bpf programs from different contexts:
from inside of slub, from rcu, from pretty much everywhere,
since it kprobes all spin_lock functions.
It stresses the bpf hash and percpu map pre-allocation,
deallocation logic and call_rcu mechanisms.
User space part adding more stress by walking and deleting map elements.
Note that due to nature bpf_load.c the earlier kprobe+bpf programs are
already active while loader loads new programs, creates new kprobes and
attaches them.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This is simplified version of Brendan Gregg's offwaketime:
This program shows kernel stack traces and task names that were blocked and
"off-CPU", along with the stack traces and task names for the threads that woke
them, and the total elapsed time from when they blocked to when they were woken
up. The combined stacks, task names, and total time is summarized in kernel
context for efficiency.
Example:
$ sudo ./offwaketime | flamegraph.pl > demo.svg
Open demo.svg in the browser as FlameGraph visualization.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
commit 338d4f49d6
("arm64: kernel: Add support for Privileged Access Never") includes sysreg.h
into futex.h and uaccess.h. But, the inline assembly used by asm/sysreg.h is
incompatible with llvm so it will cause BPF samples build failure for ARM64.
Since sysreg.h is useless for BPF samples, just exclude it from Makefile via
defining __ASM_SYSREG_H.
Signed-off-by: Yang Shi <yang.shi@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Performance test and example of bpf_perf_event_output().
kprobe is attached to sys_write() and trivial bpf program streams
pid+cookie into userspace via PERF_COUNT_SW_BPF_OUTPUT event.
Usage:
$ sudo ./bld_x64/samples/bpf/trace_output
recv 2968913 events per sec
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This is a simple example and shows how to use the new ability
to get the selected Hardware PMU counter value.
Signed-off-by: Kaixu Xia <xiakaixu@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Usage:
$ sudo ./sockex3
IP src.port -> dst.port bytes packets
127.0.0.1.42010 -> 127.0.0.1.12865 1568 8
127.0.0.1.59526 -> 127.0.0.1.33778 11422636 173070
127.0.0.1.33778 -> 127.0.0.1.59526 11260224828 341974
127.0.0.1.12865 -> 127.0.0.1.42010 1832 12
IP src.port -> dst.port bytes packets
127.0.0.1.42010 -> 127.0.0.1.12865 1568 8
127.0.0.1.59526 -> 127.0.0.1.33778 23198092 351486
127.0.0.1.33778 -> 127.0.0.1.59526 22972698518 698616
127.0.0.1.12865 -> 127.0.0.1.42010 1832 12
this example is similar to sockex2 in a way that it accumulates per-flow
statistics, but it does packet parsing differently.
sockex2 inlines full packet parser routine into single bpf program.
This sockex3 example have 4 independent programs that parse vlan, mpls, ip, ipv6
and one main program that starts the process.
bpf_tail_call() mechanism allows each program to be small and be called
on demand potentially multiple times, so that many vlan, mpls, ip in ip,
gre encapsulations can be parsed. These and other protocol parsers can
be added or removed at runtime. TLVs can be parsed in similar manner.
Note, tail_call_cnt dynamic check limits the number of tail calls to 32.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
in-source build of 'make samples/bpf/' was incorrectly
using default compiler instead of invoking clang/llvm.
out-of-source build was ok.
Fixes: a80857822b ("samples: bpf: trivial eBPF program in C")
Signed-off-by: Brenden Blanco <bblanco@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Pull networking updates from David Miller:
1) Add BQL support to via-rhine, from Tino Reichardt.
2) Integrate SWITCHDEV layer support into the DSA layer, so DSA drivers
can support hw switch offloading. From Floria Fainelli.
3) Allow 'ip address' commands to initiate multicast group join/leave,
from Madhu Challa.
4) Many ipv4 FIB lookup optimizations from Alexander Duyck.
5) Support EBPF in cls_bpf classifier and act_bpf action, from Daniel
Borkmann.
6) Remove the ugly compat support in ARP for ugly layers like ax25,
rose, etc. And use this to clean up the neigh layer, then use it to
implement MPLS support. All from Eric Biederman.
7) Support L3 forwarding offloading in switches, from Scott Feldman.
8) Collapse the LOCAL and MAIN ipv4 FIB tables when possible, to speed
up route lookups even further. From Alexander Duyck.
9) Many improvements and bug fixes to the rhashtable implementation,
from Herbert Xu and Thomas Graf. In particular, in the case where
an rhashtable user bulk adds a large number of items into an empty
table, we expand the table much more sanely.
10) Don't make the tcp_metrics hash table per-namespace, from Eric
Biederman.
11) Extend EBPF to access SKB fields, from Alexei Starovoitov.
12) Split out new connection request sockets so that they can be
established in the main hash table. Much less false sharing since
hash lookups go direct to the request sockets instead of having to
go first to the listener then to the request socks hashed
underneath. From Eric Dumazet.
13) Add async I/O support for crytpo AF_ALG sockets, from Tadeusz Struk.
14) Support stable privacy address generation for RFC7217 in IPV6. From
Hannes Frederic Sowa.
15) Hash network namespace into IP frag IDs, also from Hannes Frederic
Sowa.
16) Convert PTP get/set methods to use 64-bit time, from Richard
Cochran.
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next: (1816 commits)
fm10k: Bump driver version to 0.15.2
fm10k: corrected VF multicast update
fm10k: mbx_update_max_size does not drop all oversized messages
fm10k: reset head instead of calling update_max_size
fm10k: renamed mbx_tx_dropped to mbx_tx_oversized
fm10k: update xcast mode before synchronizing multicast addresses
fm10k: start service timer on probe
fm10k: fix function header comment
fm10k: comment next_vf_mbx flow
fm10k: don't handle mailbox events in iov_event path and always process mailbox
fm10k: use separate workqueue for fm10k driver
fm10k: Set PF queues to unlimited bandwidth during virtualization
fm10k: expose tx_timeout_count as an ethtool stat
fm10k: only increment tx_timeout_count in Tx hang path
fm10k: remove extraneous "Reset interface" message
fm10k: separate PF only stats so that VF does not display them
fm10k: use hw->mac.max_queues for stats
fm10k: only show actual queues, not the maximum in hardware
fm10k: allow creation of VLAN on default vid
fm10k: fix unused warnings
...
Commit 608cd71a9c ("tc: bpf: generalize pedit action") has added the
possibility to mangle packet data to BPF programs in the tc pipeline.
This patch adds two helpers bpf_l3_csum_replace() and bpf_l4_csum_replace()
for fixing up the protocol checksums after the packet mangling.
It also adds 'flags' argument to bpf_skb_store_bytes() helper to avoid
unnecessary checksum recomputations when BPF programs adjusting l3/l4
checksums and documents all three helpers in uapi header.
Moreover, a sample program is added to show how BPF programs can make use
of the mangle and csum helpers.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
One BPF program attaches to kmem_cache_alloc_node() and
remembers all allocated objects in the map.
Another program attaches to kmem_cache_free() and deletes
corresponding object from the map.
User space walks the map every second and prints any objects
which are older than 1 second.
Usage:
$ sudo tracex4
Then start few long living processes. The 'tracex4' will print
something like this:
obj 0xffff880465928000 is 13sec old was allocated at ip ffffffff8105dc32
obj 0xffff88043181c280 is 13sec old was allocated at ip ffffffff8105dc32
obj 0xffff880465848000 is 8sec old was allocated at ip ffffffff8105dc32
obj 0xffff8804338bc280 is 15sec old was allocated at ip ffffffff8105dc32
$ addr2line -fispe vmlinux ffffffff8105dc32
do_fork at fork.c:1665
As soon as processes exit the memory is reclaimed and 'tracex4'
prints nothing.
Similar experiment can be done with the __kmalloc()/kfree() pair.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1427312966-8434-10-git-send-email-ast@plumgrid.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
BPF C program attaches to
blk_mq_start_request()/blk_update_request() kprobe events to
calculate IO latency.
For every completed block IO event it computes the time delta
in nsec and records in a histogram map:
map[log10(delta)*10]++
User space reads this histogram map every 2 seconds and prints
it as a 'heatmap' using gray shades of text terminal. Black
spaces have many events and white spaces have very few events.
Left most space is the smallest latency, right most space is
the largest latency in the range.
Usage:
$ sudo ./tracex3
and do 'sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null' in other terminal.
Observe IO latencies and how different activity (like 'make
kernel') affects it.
Similar experiments can be done for network transmit latencies,
syscalls, etc.
'-t' flag prints the heatmap using normal ascii characters:
$ sudo ./tracex3 -t
heatmap of IO latency
# - many events with this latency
- few events
|1us |10us |100us |1ms |10ms |100ms |1s |10s
*ooo. *O.#. # 221
. *# . # 125
.. .o#*.. # 55
. . . . .#O # 37
.# # 175
.#*. # 37
# # 199
. . *#*. # 55
*#..* # 42
# # 266
...***Oo#*OO**o#* . # 629
# # 271
. .#o* o.*o* # 221
. . o* *#O.. # 50
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1427312966-8434-9-git-send-email-ast@plumgrid.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
this example has two probes in one C file that attach to
different kprove events and use two different maps.
1st probe is x64 specific equivalent of dropmon. It attaches to
kfree_skb, retrevies 'ip' address of kfree_skb() caller and
counts number of packet drops at that 'ip' address. User space
prints 'location - count' map every second.
2nd probe attaches to kprobe:sys_write and computes a histogram
of different write sizes
Usage:
$ sudo tracex2
location 0xffffffff81695995 count 1
location 0xffffffff816d0da9 count 2
location 0xffffffff81695995 count 2
location 0xffffffff816d0da9 count 2
location 0xffffffff81695995 count 3
location 0xffffffff816d0da9 count 2
557145+0 records in
557145+0 records out
285258240 bytes (285 MB) copied, 1.02379 s, 279 MB/s
syscall write() stats
byte_size : count distribution
1 -> 1 : 3 | |
2 -> 3 : 0 | |
4 -> 7 : 0 | |
8 -> 15 : 0 | |
16 -> 31 : 2 | |
32 -> 63 : 3 | |
64 -> 127 : 1 | |
128 -> 255 : 1 | |
256 -> 511 : 0 | |
512 -> 1023 : 1118968 |************************************* |
Ctrl-C at any time. Kernel will auto cleanup maps and programs
$ addr2line -ape ./bld_x64/vmlinux 0xffffffff81695995
0xffffffff816d0da9 0xffffffff81695995:
./bld_x64/../net/ipv4/icmp.c:1038 0xffffffff816d0da9:
./bld_x64/../net/unix/af_unix.c:1231
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1427312966-8434-8-git-send-email-ast@plumgrid.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
tracex1_kern.c - C program compiled into BPF.
It attaches to kprobe:netif_receive_skb()
When skb->dev->name == "lo", it prints sample debug message into
trace_pipe via bpf_trace_printk() helper function.
tracex1_user.c - corresponding user space component that:
- loads BPF program via bpf() syscall
- opens kprobes:netif_receive_skb event via perf_event_open()
syscall
- attaches the program to event via ioctl(event_fd,
PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF, prog_fd);
- prints from trace_pipe
Note, this BPF program is non-portable. It must be recompiled
with current kernel headers. kprobe is not a stable ABI and
BPF+kprobe scripts may no longer be meaningful when kernel
internals change.
No matter in what way the kernel changes, neither the kprobe,
nor the BPF program can ever crash or corrupt the kernel,
assuming the kprobes, perf and BPF subsystem has no bugs.
The verifier will detect that the program is using
bpf_trace_printk() and the kernel will print 'this is a DEBUG
kernel' warning banner, which means that bpf_trace_printk()
should be used for debugging of the BPF program only.
Usage:
$ sudo tracex1
ping-19826 [000] d.s2 63103.382648: : skb ffff880466b1ca00 len 84
ping-19826 [000] d.s2 63103.382684: : skb ffff880466b1d300 len 84
ping-19826 [000] d.s2 63104.382533: : skb ffff880466b1ca00 len 84
ping-19826 [000] d.s2 63104.382594: : skb ffff880466b1d300 len 84
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1427312966-8434-7-git-send-email-ast@plumgrid.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
sockex2_kern.c is purposefully large eBPF program in C.
llvm compiles ~200 lines of C code into ~300 eBPF instructions.
It's similar to __skb_flow_dissect() to demonstrate that complex packet parsing
can be done by eBPF.
Then it uses (struct flow_keys)->dst IP address (or hash of ipv6 dst) to keep
stats of number of packets per IP.
User space loads eBPF program, attaches it to loopback interface and prints
dest_ip->#packets stats every second.
Usage:
$sudo samples/bpf/sockex2
ip 127.0.0.1 count 19
ip 127.0.0.1 count 178115
ip 127.0.0.1 count 369437
ip 127.0.0.1 count 559841
ip 127.0.0.1 count 750539
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
this example does the same task as previous socket example
in assembler, but this one does it in C.
eBPF program in kernel does:
/* assume that packet is IPv4, load one byte of IP->proto */
int index = load_byte(skb, ETH_HLEN + offsetof(struct iphdr, protocol));
long *value;
value = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&my_map, &index);
if (value)
__sync_fetch_and_add(value, 1);
Corresponding user space reads map[tcp], map[udp], map[icmp]
and prints protocol stats every second
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
this socket filter example does:
- creates arraymap in kernel with key 4 bytes and value 8 bytes
- loads eBPF program which assumes that packet is IPv4 and loads one byte of
IP->proto from the packet and uses it as a key in a map
r0 = skb->data[ETH_HLEN + offsetof(struct iphdr, protocol)];
*(u32*)(fp - 4) = r0;
value = bpf_map_lookup_elem(map_fd, fp - 4);
if (value)
(*(u64*)value) += 1;
- attaches this program to raw socket
- every second user space reads map[IPPROTO_TCP], map[IPPROTO_UDP], map[IPPROTO_ICMP]
to see how many packets of given protocol were seen on loopback interface
Usage:
$sudo samples/bpf/sock_example
TCP 0 UDP 0 ICMP 0 packets
TCP 187600 UDP 0 ICMP 4 packets
TCP 376504 UDP 0 ICMP 8 packets
TCP 563116 UDP 0 ICMP 12 packets
TCP 753144 UDP 0 ICMP 16 packets
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
. check error conditions and sanity of hash and array map APIs
. check large maps (that kernel gracefully switches to vmalloc from kmalloc)
. check multi-process parallel access and stress test
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
