commit ee576c47db60432c37e54b1e2b43a8ca6d3a8dca upstream.
The icmp{,v6}_send functions make all sorts of use of skb->cb, casting
it with IPCB or IP6CB, assuming the skb to have come directly from the
inet layer. But when the packet comes from the ndo layer, especially
when forwarded, there's no telling what might be in skb->cb at that
point. As a result, the icmp sending code risks reading bogus memory
contents, which can result in nasty stack overflows such as this one
reported by a user:
panic+0x108/0x2ea
__stack_chk_fail+0x14/0x20
__icmp_send+0x5bd/0x5c0
icmp_ndo_send+0x148/0x160
In icmp_send, skb->cb is cast with IPCB and an ip_options struct is read
from it. The optlen parameter there is of particular note, as it can
induce writes beyond bounds. There are quite a few ways that can happen
in __ip_options_echo. For example:
// sptr/skb are attacker-controlled skb bytes
sptr = skb_network_header(skb);
// dptr/dopt points to stack memory allocated by __icmp_send
dptr = dopt->__data;
// sopt is the corrupt skb->cb in question
if (sopt->rr) {
optlen = sptr[sopt->rr+1]; // corrupt skb->cb + skb->data
soffset = sptr[sopt->rr+2]; // corrupt skb->cb + skb->data
// this now writes potentially attacker-controlled data, over
// flowing the stack:
memcpy(dptr, sptr+sopt->rr, optlen);
}
In the icmpv6_send case, the story is similar, but not as dire, as only
IP6CB(skb)->iif and IP6CB(skb)->dsthao are used. The dsthao case is
worse than the iif case, but it is passed to ipv6_find_tlv, which does
a bit of bounds checking on the value.
This is easy to simulate by doing a `memset(skb->cb, 0x41,
sizeof(skb->cb));` before calling icmp{,v6}_ndo_send, and it's only by
good fortune and the rarity of icmp sending from that context that we've
avoided reports like this until now. For example, in KASAN:
BUG: KASAN: stack-out-of-bounds in __ip_options_echo+0xa0e/0x12b0
Write of size 38 at addr ffff888006f1f80e by task ping/89
CPU: 2 PID: 89 Comm: ping Not tainted 5.10.0-rc7-debug+ #5
Call Trace:
dump_stack+0x9a/0xcc
print_address_description.constprop.0+0x1a/0x160
__kasan_report.cold+0x20/0x38
kasan_report+0x32/0x40
check_memory_region+0x145/0x1a0
memcpy+0x39/0x60
__ip_options_echo+0xa0e/0x12b0
__icmp_send+0x744/0x1700
Actually, out of the 4 drivers that do this, only gtp zeroed the cb for
the v4 case, while the rest did not. So this commit actually removes the
gtp-specific zeroing, while putting the code where it belongs in the
shared infrastructure of icmp{,v6}_ndo_send.
This commit fixes the issue by passing an empty IPCB or IP6CB along to
the functions that actually do the work. For the icmp_send, this was
already trivial, thanks to __icmp_send providing the plumbing function.
For icmpv6_send, this required a tiny bit of refactoring to make it
behave like the v4 case, after which it was straight forward.
Fixes: a2b78e9b2c ("sunvnet: generate ICMP PTMUD messages for smaller port MTUs")
Reported-by: SinYu <liuxyon@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/CAF=yD-LOF116aHub6RMe8vB8ZpnrrnoTdqhobEx+bvoA8AsP0w@mail.gmail.com/T/
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210223131858.72082-1-Jason@zx2c4.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 1faba27f11c8da244e793546a1b35a9b1da8208e upstream.
The W=1 compilation of allmodconfig generates the following warning:
net/ipv6/icmp.c:448:6: warning: no previous prototype for 'icmp6_send' [-Wmissing-prototypes]
448 | void icmp6_send(struct sk_buff *skb, u8 type, u8 code, __u32 info,
| ^~~~~~~~~~
Fix it by providing function declaration for builds with ipv6 as a module.
Signed-off-by: Leon Romanovsky <leonro@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit d54ce6158e354f5358a547b96299ecd7f3725393 upstream.
Currently breakpoints in kernel .init.text section are not handled
correctly while allowing to remove them even after corresponding pages
have been freed.
Fix it via killing .init.text section breakpoints just prior to initmem
pages being freed.
Doug: "HW breakpoints aren't handled by this patch but it's probably
not such a big deal".
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210224081652.587785-1-sumit.garg@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Sumit Garg <sumit.garg@linaro.org>
Suggested-by: Doug Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Doug Anderson <dianders@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Daniel Thompson <daniel.thompson@linaro.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 7a6c6243b44a439bda4bf099032be35ebcf53406 upstream.
The BXT/GLK DPLL can't generate certain frequencies. We already
reject the 233-240MHz range on both. But on GLK the DPLL max
frequency was bumped from 300MHz to 594MHz, so now we get to
also worry about the 446-480MHz range (double the original
problem range). Reject any frequency within the higher
problematic range as well.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Closes: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/drm/intel/-/issues/3000
Signed-off-by: Ville Syrjälä <ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20210203093044.30532-1-ville.syrjala@linux.intel.com
Reviewed-by: Mika Kahola <mika.kahola@intel.com>
(cherry picked from commit 41751b3e5c1ac656a86f8d45a8891115281b729e)
Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit cca2c6aebe86f68103a8615074b3578e854b5016 upstream.
Metadata resize shouldn't happen in the ctr. The ctr loads a temporary
(inactive) table that will only become active upon resume. That is why
resize should always be done in terms of resume. Otherwise a load (ctr)
whose inactive table never becomes active will incorrectly resize the
metadata.
Also, perform the resize directly in preresume, instead of using the
worker to do it.
The worker might run other metadata operations, e.g., it could start
digestion, before resizing the metadata. These operations will end up
using the old size.
This could lead to errors, like:
device-mapper: era: metadata_digest_transcribe_writeset: dm_array_set_value failed
device-mapper: era: process_old_eras: digest step failed, stopping digestion
The reason of the above error is that the worker started the digestion
of the archived writeset using the old, larger size.
As a result, metadata_digest_transcribe_writeset tried to write beyond
the end of the era array.
Fixes: eec40579d8 ("dm: add era target")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.15+
Signed-off-by: Nikos Tsironis <ntsironis@arrikto.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 2524933307fd0036d5c32357c693c021ab09a0b0 upstream.
In case of devices with at most 64 blocks, the digestion of consecutive
eras uses the writeset of the first era as the writeset of all eras to
digest, leading to lost writes. That is, we lose the information about
what blocks were written during the affected eras.
The digestion code uses a dm_disk_bitset object to access the archived
writesets. This structure includes a one word (64-bit) cache to reduce
the number of array lookups.
This structure is initialized only once, in metadata_digest_start(),
when we kick off digestion.
But, when we insert a new writeset into the writeset tree, before the
digestion of the previous writeset is done, or equivalently when there
are multiple writesets in the writeset tree to digest, then all these
writesets are digested using the same cache and the cache is not
re-initialized when moving from one writeset to the next.
For devices with more than 64 blocks, i.e., the size of the cache, the
cache is indirectly invalidated when we move to a next set of blocks, so
we avoid the bug.
But for devices with at most 64 blocks we end up using the same cached
data for digesting all archived writesets, i.e., the cache is loaded
when digesting the first writeset and it never gets reloaded, until the
digestion is done.
As a result, the writeset of the first era to digest is used as the
writeset of all the following archived eras, leading to lost writes.
Fix this by reinitializing the dm_disk_bitset structure, and thus
invalidating the cache, every time the digestion code starts digesting a
new writeset.
Fixes: eec40579d8 ("dm: add era target")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.15+
Signed-off-by: Nikos Tsironis <ntsironis@arrikto.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 64f2d15afe7b336aafebdcd14cc835ecf856df4b upstream.
Fix the writeset tree equality test function to use the right value size
when comparing two btree values.
Fixes: eec40579d8 ("dm: add era target")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.15+
Signed-off-by: Nikos Tsironis <ntsironis@arrikto.com>
Reviewed-by: Ming-Hung Tsai <mtsai@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 904e6b266619c2da5c58b5dce14ae30629e39645 upstream.
Deallocate the memory allocated for the in-core bitsets when destroying
the target and in error paths.
Fixes: eec40579d8 ("dm: add era target")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.15+
Signed-off-by: Nikos Tsironis <ntsironis@arrikto.com>
Reviewed-by: Ming-Hung Tsai <mtsai@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit c8e846ff93d5eaa5384f6f325a1687ac5921aade upstream.
dm-era doesn't support changing the data block size of existing devices,
so check explicitly that the requested block size for a new target
matches the one stored in the metadata.
Fixes: eec40579d8 ("dm: add era target")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.15+
Signed-off-by: Nikos Tsironis <ntsironis@arrikto.com>
Reviewed-by: Ming-Hung Tsai <mtsai@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 2099b145d77c1d53f5711f029c37cc537897cee6 upstream.
In case of a system crash, dm-era might fail to mark blocks as written
in its metadata, although the corresponding writes to these blocks were
passed down to the origin device and completed successfully.
Consider the following sequence of events:
1. We write to a block that has not been yet written in the current era
2. era_map() checks the in-core bitmap for the current era and sees
that the block is not marked as written.
3. The write is deferred for submission after the metadata have been
updated and committed.
4. The worker thread processes the deferred write
(process_deferred_bios()) and marks the block as written in the
in-core bitmap, **before** committing the metadata.
5. The worker thread starts committing the metadata.
6. We do more writes that map to the same block as the write of step (1)
7. era_map() checks the in-core bitmap and sees that the block is marked
as written, **although the metadata have not been committed yet**.
8. These writes are passed down to the origin device immediately and the
device reports them as completed.
9. The system crashes, e.g., power failure, before the commit from step
(5) finishes.
When the system recovers and we query the dm-era target for the list of
written blocks it doesn't report the aforementioned block as written,
although the writes of step (6) completed successfully.
The issue is that era_map() decides whether to defer or not a write
based on non committed information. The root cause of the bug is that we
update the in-core bitmap, **before** committing the metadata.
Fix this by updating the in-core bitmap **after** successfully
committing the metadata.
Fixes: eec40579d8 ("dm: add era target")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.15+
Signed-off-by: Nikos Tsironis <ntsironis@arrikto.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit de89afc1e40fdfa5f8b666e5d07c43d21a1d3be0 upstream.
Following a system crash, dm-era fails to recover the committed writeset
for the current era, leading to lost writes. That is, we lose the
information about what blocks were written during the affected era.
dm-era assumes that the writeset of the current era is archived when the
device is suspended. So, when resuming the device, it just moves on to
the next era, ignoring the committed writeset.
This assumption holds when the device is properly shut down. But, when
the system crashes, the code that suspends the target never runs, so the
writeset for the current era is not archived.
There are three issues that cause the committed writeset to get lost:
1. dm-era doesn't load the committed writeset when opening the metadata
2. The code that resizes the metadata wipes the information about the
committed writeset (assuming it was loaded at step 1)
3. era_preresume() starts a new era, without taking into account that
the current era might not have been archived, due to a system crash.
To fix this:
1. Load the committed writeset when opening the metadata
2. Fix the code that resizes the metadata to make sure it doesn't wipe
the loaded writeset
3. Fix era_preresume() to check for a loaded writeset and archive it,
before starting a new era.
Fixes: eec40579d8 ("dm: add era target")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.15+
Signed-off-by: Nikos Tsironis <ntsironis@arrikto.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 4134455f2aafdfeab50cabb4cccb35e916034b93 upstream.
Do not attempt to write any data beyond the end of the underlying data
device while shrinking it.
The DM writecache device must be suspended when the underlying data
device is shrunk.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 054bee16163df023e2589db09fd27d81f7ad9e72 upstream.
LVM doesn't like it when the target returns different values from what
was set in the constructor. Fix dm-writecache so that the returned
table values are exactly the same as requested values.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.18+
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit cb728484a7710c202f02b96aa0962ce9b07aa5c2 upstream.
Fix a thinko in ssd_commit_superblock. region.count is in sectors, not
bytes. This bug doesn't corrupt data, but it causes performance
degradation.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Fixes: dc8a01ae1d ("dm writecache: optimize superblock write")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v5.7+
Reported-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 24f6b6036c9eec21191646930ad42808e6180510 upstream.
Fix dm_table_supports_zoned_model() and invert logic of both
iterate_devices_callout_fn so that all devices' zoned capabilities are
properly checked.
Add one more parameter to dm_table_any_dev_attr(), which is actually
used as the @data parameter of iterate_devices_callout_fn, so that
dm_table_matches_zone_sectors() can be replaced by
dm_table_any_dev_attr().
Fixes: dd88d313be ("dm table: add zoned block devices validation")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jeffle Xu <jefflexu@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 5b0fab508992c2e120971da658ce80027acbc405 upstream.
Fix dm_table_supports_dax() and invert logic of both
iterate_devices_callout_fn so that all devices' DAX capabilities are
properly checked.
Fixes: 545ed20e6d ("dm: add infrastructure for DAX support")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jeffle Xu <jefflexu@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a4c8dd9c2d0987cf542a2a0c42684c9c6d78a04e upstream.
According to the definition of dm_iterate_devices_fn:
* This function must iterate through each section of device used by the
* target until it encounters a non-zero return code, which it then returns.
* Returns zero if no callout returned non-zero.
For some target type (e.g. dm-stripe), one call of iterate_devices() may
iterate multiple underlying devices internally, in which case a non-zero
return code returned by iterate_devices_callout_fn will stop the iteration
in advance. No iterate_devices_callout_fn should return non-zero unless
device iteration should stop.
Rename dm_table_requires_stable_pages() to dm_table_any_dev_attr() and
elevate it for reuse to stop iterating (and return non-zero) on the
first device that causes iterate_devices_callout_fn to return non-zero.
Use dm_table_any_dev_attr() to properly iterate through devices.
Rename device_is_nonrot() to device_is_rotational() and invert logic
accordingly to fix improper disposition.
Fixes: c3c4555edd ("dm table: clear add_random unless all devices have it set")
Fixes: 4693c9668f ("dm table: propagate non rotational flag")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jeffle Xu <jefflexu@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a666e5c05e7c4aaabb2c5d58117b0946803d03d2 upstream.
The system would deadlock when swapping to a dm-crypt device. The reason
is that for each incoming write bio, dm-crypt allocates memory that holds
encrypted data. These excessive allocations exhaust all the memory and the
result is either deadlock or OOM trigger.
This patch limits the number of in-flight swap bios, so that the memory
consumed by dm-crypt is limited. The limit is enforced if the target set
the "limit_swap_bios" variable and if the bio has REQ_SWAP set.
Non-swap bios are not affected becuase taking the semaphore would cause
performance degradation.
This is similar to request-based drivers - they will also block when the
number of requests is over the limit.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 7009fa9cd9a5262944b30eb7efb1f0561d074b68 upstream.
When starting an iomap write, gfs2_quota_lock_check -> gfs2_quota_lock
-> gfs2_quota_hold is called from gfs2_iomap_begin. At the end of the
write, before unlocking the quotas, punch_hole -> gfs2_quota_hold can be
called again in gfs2_iomap_end, which is incorrect and leads to a failed
assertion. Instead, move the call to gfs2_quota_unlock before the call
to punch_hole to fix that.
Fixes: 64bc06bb32 ("gfs2: iomap buffered write support")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v4.19+
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 834ec3e1ee65029029225a86c12337a6cd385af7 upstream.
In gfs2_recover_one, fix a sd_log_flush_lock imbalance when a recovery
pass fails.
Fixes: c9ebc4b737 ("gfs2: allow journal replay to hold sd_log_flush_lock")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v5.7+
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 78178ca844f0eb88f21f31c7fde969384be4c901 upstream.
Patch fb6791d100 was designed to allow gfs2 to unmount quicker by
skipping the step where it tells dlm to unlock glocks in EX with lvbs.
This was done because when gfs2 unmounts a file system, it destroys the
dlm lockspace shortly after it destroys the glocks so it doesn't need to
unlock them all: the unlock is implied when the lockspace is destroyed
by dlm.
However, that patch introduced a use-after-free in dlm: as part of its
normal dlm_recoverd process, it can call ls_recovery to recover dead
locks. In so doing, it can call recover_rsbs which calls recover_lvb for
any mastered rsbs. Func recover_lvb runs through the list of lkbs queued
to the given rsb (if the glock is cached but unlocked, it will still be
queued to the lkb, but in NL--Unlocked--mode) and if it has an lvb,
copies it to the rsb, thus trying to preserve the lkb. However, when
gfs2 skips the dlm unlock step, it frees the glock and its lvb, which
means dlm's function recover_lvb references the now freed lvb pointer,
copying the freed lvb memory to the rsb.
This patch changes the check in gdlm_put_lock so that it calls
dlm_unlock for all glocks that contain an lvb pointer.
Fixes: fb6791d100 ("GFS2: skip dlm_unlock calls in unmount")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.8+
Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit f5f02fde9f52b2d769c1c2ddfd3d9c4a1fe739a7 upstream.
If go_free is defined, function signal_our_withdraw is supposed to
synchronize on the GLF_FREEING flag of the inode glock, but it
accidentally does that on the live glock. Fix that and disambiguate
the glock variables.
Fixes: 601ef0d52e ("gfs2: Force withdraw to replay journals and wait for it to finish")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v5.7+
Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 1c9f1750f0305bf605ff22686fc0ac89c06deb28 upstream.
When the slave chip select is deasserted, DMSTOP bit
must be set.
Fixes: b0823ee35c ("spi: Add spi driver for Socionext SynQuacer platform")
Signed-off-by: Masahisa Kojima <masahisa.kojima@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Jassi Brar <jaswinder.singh@linaro.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210201073109.9036-1-jassisinghbrar@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 9d2aa6dbf87af89c13cac2d1b4cccad83fb14a7e upstream.
Commit 7a2da5d7960a ("spi: fsl: Fix driver breakage when SPI_CS_HIGH
is not set in spi->mode") broke our MPC8309 board by effectively
inverting the boolean value passed to fsl_spi_cs_control. The
SPISEL_BOOT signal is used as chipselect, but it's not a gpio, so
we cannot rely on gpiolib handling the polarity.
Adapt to the new world order by inverting the logic here. This does
assume that the slave sitting at the SPISEL_BOOT is active low, but
should that ever turn out not to be the case, one can create a stub
gpiochip driver controlling a single gpio (or rather, a single "spo",
special-purpose output).
Fixes: 7a2da5d7960a ("spi: fsl: Fix driver breakage when SPI_CS_HIGH is not set in spi->mode")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <rasmus.villemoes@prevas.dk>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210130143545.505613-1-rasmus.villemoes@prevas.dk
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 7780918b36489f0b2f9a3749d7be00c2ceaec513 upstream.
Back in 2.1.29 the clear_user() guts (__bzero()) had been merged
with memset(). Unfortunately, while all exception handlers had been
copied, one of the exception table entries got lost. As the result,
clear_user() starting at 128*n bytes before the end of page and
spanning between 8 and 127 bytes into the next page would oops when
the second page is unmapped. It's trivial to reproduce - all
it takes is
main()
{
int fd = open("/dev/zero", O_RDONLY);
char *p = mmap(NULL, 16384, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANON, -1, 0);
munmap(p + 8192, 8192);
read(fd, p + 8192 - 128, 192);
}
which had been oopsing since March 1997. Says something about
the quality of test coverage... ;-/ And while today sparc32 port
is nearly dead, back in '97 it had been very much alive; in fact,
sparc64 had only been in mainline for 3 months by that point...
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Fixes: v2.1.29
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit b0ff4fe746fd028eef920ddc8c7b0361c1ede6ec upstream.
During checkpoint=disable period, f2fs bypasses all the synchronous IOs such as
sync and fsync. So, when enabling it back, we must flush all of them in order
to keep the data persistent. Otherwise, suddern power-cut right after enabling
checkpoint will cause data loss.
Fixes: 4354994f09 ("f2fs: checkpoint disabling")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Chao Yu <yuchao0@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit e0fcd01510ad025c9bbce704c5c2579294056141 upstream.
This patch ports commit 02b016ca7f ("ext4: enforce the immutable
flag on open files") to f2fs.
According to the chattr man page, "a file with the 'i' attribute
cannot be modified..." Historically, this was only enforced when the
file was opened, per the rest of the description, "... and the file
can not be opened in write mode".
There is general agreement that we should standardize all file systems
to prevent modifications even for files that were opened at the time
the immutable flag is set. Eventually, a change to enforce this at
the VFS layer should be landing in mainline.
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Chao Yu <yuchao0@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit c1f664d2400e73d5ca0fcd067fa5847d2c789c11 upstream.
Currently we use bitmap_alloc() to allocate msi bitmap which should be
initialized with zero. This is obviously wrong but it works because msi
can fallback to legacy interrupt mode. So use bitmap_zalloc() instead.
Fixes: 632dcc2c75 ("irqchip: Add Loongson PCH MSI controller")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@loongson.cn>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210209071051.2078435-1-chenhuacai@loongson.cn
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a7d48886cacf8b426e0079bca9639d2657cf2d38 upstream.
In some cases we can get to fix_range_common() with mmap_sem held,
and in others we get there without it being held. For example, we
get there with it held from sys_mprotect(), and without it held
from fork_handler().
Avoid any issues in this and simply defer killing the task until
it runs the next time. Do it on the mm so that another task that
shares the same mm can't continue running afterwards.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 468f65976a ("um: Fix hung task in fix_range_common()")
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 47da29763ec9a153b9b685bff9db659e4e09e494 upstream.
If userspace tries to change the stub, we need to kill it,
because otherwise it can escape the virtual machine. In a
few cases the stub checks weren't good, e.g. if userspace
just tries to
mmap(0x100000 - 0x1000, 0x3000, ...)
it could succeed to get a new private/anonymous mapping
replacing the stubs. Fix this by checking everywhere, and
checking for _overlap_, not just direct changes.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 3963333fe6 ("uml: cover stubs with a VMA")
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 182f709c5cff683e6732d04c78e328de0532284f upstream.
CCW_CMD_READ_STATUS was introduced with revision 2 of virtio-ccw,
and drivers should only rely on it being implemented when they
negotiated at least that revision with the device.
However, virtio_ccw_get_status() issued READ_STATUS for any
device operating at least at revision 1. If the device accepts
READ_STATUS regardless of the negotiated revision (which some
implementations like QEMU do, even though the spec currently does
not allow it), everything works as intended. While a device
rejecting the command should also be handled gracefully, we will
not be able to see any changes the device makes to the status,
such as setting NEEDS_RESET or setting the status to zero after
a completed reset.
We negotiated the revision to at most 1, as we never bumped the
maximum revision; let's do that now and properly send READ_STATUS
only if we are operating at least at revision 2.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 7d3ce5ab94 ("virtio/s390: support READ_STATUS command for virtio-ccw")
Reviewed-by: Halil Pasic <pasic@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210216110645.1087321-1-cohuck@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit b29c5093820d333eef22f58cd04ec0d089059c39 upstream.
The stck/stckf instruction used within the inline assembly within
do_account_vtime() changes the condition code. This is not reflected
with the clobber list, and therefore might result in incorrect code
generation.
It seems unlikely that the compiler could generate incorrect code
considering the surrounding C code, but it must still be fixed.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 0d4370cfe36b7f1719123b621a4ec4d9c7a25f89 upstream.
If this is attempted by an io-wq kthread, then return -EOPNOTSUPP as we
don't currently support that. Once we can get task_pid_ptr() doing the
right thing, then this can go away again.
Use PF_IO_WORKER for this to speciically target the io_uring workers.
Modify the /proc/self/ check to use PF_IO_WORKER as well.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 8d4c3e76e3 ("proc: don't allow async path resolution of /proc/self components")
Reported-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 6f67e060083a84a4cc364eab6ae40c717165fb0c upstream.
Currently, when turbo is disabled (either by BIOS or by the user),
the intel_pstate driver reads the max non-turbo frequency from the
package-wide MSR_PLATFORM_INFO(0xce) register.
However, on asymmetric platforms it is possible in theory that small
and big core with HWP enabled might have different max non-turbo CPU
frequency, because MSR_HWP_CAPABILITIES is per-CPU scope according
to Intel Software Developer Manual.
The turbo max freq is already per-CPU in current code, so make
similar change to the max non-turbo frequency as well.
Reported-by: Wendy Wang <wendy.wang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Chen Yu <yu.c.chen@intel.com>
[ rjw: Subject and changelog edits ]
Cc: 4.18+ <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.18+: a45ee4d4e13b: cpufreq: intel_pstate: Change intel_pstate_get_hwp_max() argument
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a45ee4d4e13b0e35a8ec7ea0bf9267243d57b302 upstream.
All of the callers of intel_pstate_get_hwp_max() access the struct
cpudata object that corresponds to the given CPU already and the
function itself needs to access that object (in order to update
hwp_cap_cached), so modify the code to pass a struct cpudata pointer
to it instead of the CPU number.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Tested-by: Chen Yu <yu.c.chen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 67fc209b527d023db4d087c68e44e9790aa089ef upstream.
Commit f17b3e4432 ("cpufreq: qcom-hw: Use
devm_platform_ioremap_resource() to simplify code") introduces
a regression on platforms using the driver, by failing to initialise
a policy, when one is created post hotplug.
When all the CPUs of a policy are hoptplugged out, the call to .exit()
and later to devm_iounmap() does not release the memory region that was
requested during devm_platform_ioremap_resource(). Therefore,
a subsequent call to .init() will result in the following error, which
will prevent a new policy to be initialised:
[ 3395.915416] CPU4: shutdown
[ 3395.938185] psci: CPU4 killed (polled 0 ms)
[ 3399.071424] CPU5: shutdown
[ 3399.094316] psci: CPU5 killed (polled 0 ms)
[ 3402.139358] CPU6: shutdown
[ 3402.161705] psci: CPU6 killed (polled 0 ms)
[ 3404.742939] CPU7: shutdown
[ 3404.765592] psci: CPU7 killed (polled 0 ms)
[ 3411.492274] Detected VIPT I-cache on CPU4
[ 3411.492337] GICv3: CPU4: found redistributor 400 region 0:0x0000000017ae0000
[ 3411.492448] CPU4: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000400 [0x516f802d]
[ 3411.503654] qcom-cpufreq-hw 17d43000.cpufreq: can't request region for resource [mem 0x17d45800-0x17d46bff]
With that being said, the original code was tricky and skipping memory
region request intentionally to hide this issue. The true cause is that
those devm_xxx() device managed functions shouldn't be used for cpufreq
init/exit hooks, because &pdev->dev is alive across the hooks and will
not trigger auto resource free-up. Let's drop the use of device managed
functions and manually allocate/free resources, so that the issue can be
fixed properly.
Cc: v5.10+ <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v5.10+
Fixes: f17b3e4432 ("cpufreq: qcom-hw: Use devm_platform_ioremap_resource() to simplify code")
Suggested-by: Bjorn Andersson <bjorn.andersson@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a51afb13311cd85b2f638c691b2734622277d8f5 upstream.
freq_qos_update_request() returns 1 if the effective constraint value
has changed, 0 if the effective constraint value has not changed, or a
negative error code on failures.
The frequency constraints for CPUs can be set by different parts of the
kernel. If the maximum frequency constraint set by other parts of the
kernel are set at a lower value than the one corresponding to cooling
state 0, then we will never be able to cool down the system as
freq_qos_update_request() will keep on returning 0 and we will skip
updating cpufreq_state and thermal pressure.
Fix that by doing the updates even in the case where
freq_qos_update_request() returns 0, as we have effectively set the
constraint to a new value even if the consolidated value of the
actual constraint is unchanged because of external factors.
Cc: v5.7+ <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v5.7+
Reported-by: Thara Gopinath <thara.gopinath@linaro.org>
Fixes: f12e4f66ab ("thermal/cpu-cooling: Update thermal pressure in case of a maximum frequency capping")
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Lukasz Luba <lukasz.luba@arm.com>
Tested-by: Lukasz Luba <lukasz.luba@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Tested-by: Thara Gopinath<thara.gopinath@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/b2b7e84944937390256669df5a48ce5abba0c1ef.1613540713.git.viresh.kumar@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit bfe3911a91047557eb0e620f95a370aee6a248c7 upstream.
Userspace has discovered the functionality offered by SYS_kcmp and has
started to depend upon it. In particular, Mesa uses SYS_kcmp for
os_same_file_description() in order to identify when two fd (e.g. device
or dmabuf) point to the same struct file. Since they depend on it for
core functionality, lift SYS_kcmp out of the non-default
CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE into the selectable syscall category.
Rasmus Villemoes also pointed out that systemd uses SYS_kcmp to
deduplicate the per-service file descriptor store.
Note that some distributions such as Ubuntu are already enabling
CHECKPOINT_RESTORE in their configs and so, by extension, SYS_kcmp.
References: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/drm/intel/-/issues/3046
Signed-off-by: Chris Wilson <chris@chris-wilson.co.uk>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel@ffwll.ch>
Cc: Lucas Stach <l.stach@pengutronix.de>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Acked-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch> # DRM depends on kcmp
Acked-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> # systemd uses kcmp
Reviewed-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20210205220012.1983-1-chris@chris-wilson.co.uk
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 059c01039c0185dbee7ed080f1f2bd22cb1e4dab upstream.
Per ZBC/ZAC/ZNS specifications, write pointers may not have valid values
when zones are in full condition. However, when zonefs mounts a zoned
block device, zonefs refers write pointers to set file size even when
the zones are in full condition. This results in wrong file size. To fix
this, refer maximum file size in place of write pointers for zones in
full condition.
Signed-off-by: Shin'ichiro Kawasaki <shinichiro.kawasaki@wdc.com>
Fixes: 8dcc1a9d90 ("fs: New zonefs file system")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 5.6+
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 78c276f5495aa53a8beebb627e5bf6a54f0af34f upstream.
syzbot reported a warning which could cause shift-out-of-bounds issue.
Call Trace:
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:79 [inline]
dump_stack+0x183/0x22e lib/dump_stack.c:120
ubsan_epilogue lib/ubsan.c:148 [inline]
__ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds+0x432/0x4d0 lib/ubsan.c:395
exfat_read_boot_sector fs/exfat/super.c:471 [inline]
__exfat_fill_super fs/exfat/super.c:556 [inline]
exfat_fill_super+0x2acb/0x2d00 fs/exfat/super.c:624
get_tree_bdev+0x406/0x630 fs/super.c:1291
vfs_get_tree+0x86/0x270 fs/super.c:1496
do_new_mount fs/namespace.c:2881 [inline]
path_mount+0x1937/0x2c50 fs/namespace.c:3211
do_mount fs/namespace.c:3224 [inline]
__do_sys_mount fs/namespace.c:3432 [inline]
__se_sys_mount+0x2f9/0x3b0 fs/namespace.c:3409
do_syscall_64+0x2d/0x70 arch/x86/entry/common.c:46
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9
exfat specification describe sect_per_clus_bits field of boot sector
could be at most 25 - sect_size_bits and at least 0. And sect_size_bits
can also affect this calculation, It also needs validation.
This patch add validation for sect_per_clus_bits and sect_size_bits
field of boot sector.
Fixes: 719c1e1829 ("exfat: add super block operations")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v5.9+
Reported-by: syzbot+da4fe66aaadd3c2e2d1c@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Reviewed-by: Sungjong Seo <sj1557.seo@samsung.com>
Tested-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 8a8109f303e25a27f92c1d8edd67d7cbbc60a4eb upstream.
printk_safe_flush_on_panic() caused the following deadlock on our
server:
CPU0: CPU1:
panic rcu_dump_cpu_stacks
kdump_nmi_shootdown_cpus nmi_trigger_cpumask_backtrace
register_nmi_handler(crash_nmi_callback) printk_safe_flush
__printk_safe_flush
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&read_lock)
// send NMI to other processors
apic_send_IPI_allbutself(NMI_VECTOR)
// NMI interrupt, dead loop
crash_nmi_callback
printk_safe_flush_on_panic
printk_safe_flush
__printk_safe_flush
// deadlock
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&read_lock)
DEADLOCK: read_lock is taken on CPU1 and will never get released.
It happens when panic() stops a CPU by NMI while it has been in
the middle of printk_safe_flush().
Handle the lock the same way as logbuf_lock. The printk_safe buffers
are flushed only when both locks can be safely taken. It can avoid
the deadlock _in this particular case_ at expense of losing contents
of printk_safe buffers.
Note: It would actually be safe to re-init the locks when all CPUs were
stopped by NMI. But it would require passing this information
from arch-specific code. It is not worth the complexity.
Especially because logbuf_lock and printk_safe buffers have been
obsoleted by the lockless ring buffer.
Fixes: cf9b1106c8 ("printk/nmi: flush NMI messages on the system panic")
Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Acked-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210210034823.64867-1-songmuchun@bytedance.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 8d9bf3c3e1451fc8de7b590040a868ade26d6b22 upstream.
The Gateworks System Controller has an active-low interrupt.
Fix the interrupt request type.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Fixes: d85234994b ("mfd: Add Gateworks System Controller core driver")
Signed-off-by: Tim Harvey <tharvey@gateworks.com>
Signed-off-by: Lee Jones <lee.jones@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit a8002a35935aaefcd6a42ad3289f62bab947f2ca upstream.
If no n_latch value will be provided at driver probe then all pins will
be used as an input:
gpio->out = ~n_latch;
In that case initial state for all pins is "one":
gpio->status = gpio->out;
So if pcf857x IRQ happens with change pin value from "zero" to "one"
then we miss it, because of "one" from IRQ and "one" from initial state
leaves corresponding pin unchanged:
change = (gpio->status ^ status) & gpio->irq_enabled;
The right solution will be to read actual state at driver probe.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 6e20a0a429 ("gpio: pcf857x: enable gpio_to_irq() support")
Signed-off-by: Maxim Kiselev <bigunclemax@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bgolaszewski@baylibre.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 1309ecc90f16ee9cc3077761e7f4474369747e6e upstream.
The size in header field for packet transferred over DMA
includes size of the extended header.
Include extended header in size check.
Add size and sanity checks on extended header.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v5.10+
Signed-off-by: Alexander Usyskin <alexander.usyskin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Tomas Winkler <tomas.winkler@intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210129120752.850325-1-tomas.winkler@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit d19db80a366576d3ffadf2508ed876b4c1faf959 upstream.
Currently, when handling the SPMI summary interrupt, the hw_irq
number is calculated based on SID, Peripheral ID, IRQ index and
APID. This is then passed to irq_find_mapping() to see if a
mapping exists for this hw_irq and if available, invoke the
interrupt handler. Since the IRQ index uses an "int" type, hw_irq
which is of unsigned long data type can take a large value when
SID has its MSB set to 1 and the type conversion happens. Because
of this, irq_find_mapping() returns 0 as there is no mapping
for this hw_irq. This ends up invoking cleanup_irq() as if
the interrupt is spurious whereas it is actually a valid
interrupt. Fix this by using the proper data type (u32) for id.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Subbaraman Narayanamurthy <subbaram@codeaurora.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1612812784-26369-1-git-send-email-subbaram@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210212031417.3148936-1-sboyd@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
commit 57fdfbce89137ae85cd5cef48be168040a47dd13 upstream.
Userspace Execution protection and fast syscall entry were implemented
independently from each other and were both merged in kernel 5.2,
leading to syscall entry missing userspace execution protection.
On syscall entry, execution of user space memory must be
locked in the same way as on exception entry.
Fixes: b86fb88855 ("powerpc/32: implement fast entry for syscalls on non BOOKE")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/c65e105b63aaf74f91a14f845bc77192350b84a6.1612796617.git.christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
