Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This was entirely automated, using the script by Al:
PATT='^[[:blank:]]*#[[:blank:]]*include[[:blank:]]*<asm/uaccess.h>'
sed -i -e "s!$PATT!#include <linux/uaccess.h>!" \
$(git grep -l "$PATT"|grep -v ^include/linux/uaccess.h)
to do the replacement at the end of the merge window.
Requested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
strcmp was lost when all other string functions were removed,
but we still have an optimized version for this on CRISv32,
so any driver built as a module would not have access to this symbol.
In a similar manner, we had optimized versions of
csum_partial_copy_from_user and __do_clear_user
but no exported symbols for them, breaking bunch of other drivers
when built as a module.
At the same time, move EXPORT_SYMBOL(__copy_user) and
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__copy_user_zeroing) C-files so it's
located together with the function definition.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Most of these have been purged years ago. This one silently lived
on until commit 69349c2dc0
"kconfig: fix IS_ENABLED to not require all options to be defined"
In the above, we use some macro trickery to create a conditional that
is valid in CPP and in C usage. However that trickery doesn't sit
well if you have the legacy "-traditional" flag enabled. You'll get:
AS arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/checksum.o
In file included from <command-line>:4:0:
include/linux/kconfig.h:23:0: error: syntax error in macro parameter list
make[2]: *** [arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/checksum.o] Error 1
Everything builds fine w/o "-traditional" so simply drop it from this
location as well.
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
In particular, several occurances of funny versions of 'success',
'unknown', 'therefore', 'acknowledge', 'argument', 'achieve', 'address',
'beginning', 'desirable', 'separate' and 'necessary' are fixed.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Mack <daniel@caiaq.de>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Function __copy_user_zeroing in arch/lib/usercopy.c had the wrong parameter
set as __user, and in include/asm-cris/uaccess.h, it was not set at all for
some of the calling functions.
This will cut the number of warnings quite dramatically when using sparse.
While we're here, remove useless CVS log and correct confusing typo.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <mikael.starvik@axis.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Adrian Bunk reported another compile error with a SVN head GCC:
...
CC arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/string.o
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/string.c:138:
error: lvalue required as increment operand
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/string.c:138:
error: lvalue required as increment operand
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/string.c:139:
error: lvalue required as increment operand
...
This is due to the use of the construct:
*((long*)dst)++ = lc;
Which isn't legal since casts don't return an lvalue.
The solution is to import the implementation from newlib,
which is continually autotested together with GCC mainline,
and uses the construct:
*(long *) dst = lc; dst += 4;
Since this is an import of a file from newlib, I'm not touching
the formatting or correcting any checkpatch errors.
As for the earlier fix for memset.c, even if the two files for
CRIS v10 and CRIS v32 are identical at the moment, it might
be possible to tweak the CRIS v32 version.
Thus, I'm not yet folding them into the same file, at least not
until we've done some research on it.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com>
Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Adrian Bunk reported the following compile error with a SVN head GCC:
...
CC arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/memset.o
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/memset.c: In function 'memset':
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/memset.c:164: error: lvalue required as increment operand
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/memset.c:165: error: lvalue required as increment operand
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/memset.c:166: error: lvalue required as increment operand
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/memset.c:167: error: lvalue required as increment operand
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/memset.c:185: error: lvalue required as increment operand
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/memset.c:189: error: lvalue required as increment operand
/home/bunk/linux/kernel-2.6/git/linux-2.6/arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/memset.c:192: error: lvalue required as increment operand
... etc ...
This is due to the use of the construct:
*((long*)dst)++ = lc;
Which is no longer legal since casts don't return an lvalue.
The solution is to import the implementation from newlib,
which is continually autotested together with GCC mainline,
and uses the construct:
*(long *) dst = lc; dst += 4;
With this change, the generated code actually shrinks 76 bytes
since gcc notices that it can use autoincrement for the move
instruction in CRIS.
text data bss dec hex filename
304 0 0 304 130 memset.old.o
text data bss dec hex filename
228 0 0 228 e4 memset.o
Since this is an import of a file from newlib, I'm not touching
the formatting or correcting any checkpatch errors.
Note also that even if the two files for the CRIS v10 and CRIS v32
are identical at the moment, it might be possible to tweak the
CRIS v32 version. Thus, I'm not yet folding them into the same file,
at least not until we've done some research on it.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <mikael.starvik@axis.com>
Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add \n\ at end of lines inside asm statement to avoid warning.
No change except adding \n\ to end of line and correcting
whitespace has been done.
Removes warning about multi-line string literals when compiling
arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/memset.c
Signed-off-by: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <mikael.starvik@axis.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add \n\ at end of lines inside asm statement to avoid warning.
No change except adding \n\ to end of line and correcting
whitespace has been done.
Removes warning about multi-line string literals when compiling
arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/string.c
Signed-off-by: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <mikael.starvik@axis.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Removes warning when compiling arch/cris/arch-v10/lib/usercopy.c
No change except adding \n\ on the end of the lines has been done.
Removes warning about multi-line string literals.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Cc: Mikael Starvik <mikael.starvik@axis.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* sanitize prototypes and annotate
* kill cast-as-lvalue abuses in csum_partial()
* usual ntohs-equals-shift for checksum purposes
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
