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112 Commits
| Author | SHA1 | Message | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jérôme Glisse
|
ac46d4f3c4 |
mm/mmu_notifier: use structure for invalidate_range_start/end calls v2
To avoid having to change many call sites everytime we want to add a parameter use a structure to group all parameters for the mmu_notifier invalidate_range_start/end cakks. No functional changes with this patch. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding style fixes] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181205053628.3210-3-jglisse@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Acked-by: Christian König <christian.koenig@amd.com> Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <zwisler@kernel.org> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Radim Krcmar <rkrcmar@redhat.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Felix Kuehling <felix.kuehling@amd.com> Cc: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@nvidia.com> Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> From: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Subject: mm/mmu_notifier: use structure for invalidate_range_start/end calls v3 fix build warning in migrate.c when CONFIG_MMU_NOTIFIER=n Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181213171330.8489-3-jglisse@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Andi Kleen
|
42e4089c78 |
x86/speculation/l1tf: Disallow non privileged high MMIO PROT_NONE mappings
For L1TF PROT_NONE mappings are protected by inverting the PFN in the page table entry. This sets the high bits in the CPU's address space, thus making sure to point to not point an unmapped entry to valid cached memory. Some server system BIOSes put the MMIO mappings high up in the physical address space. If such an high mapping was mapped to unprivileged users they could attack low memory by setting such a mapping to PROT_NONE. This could happen through a special device driver which is not access protected. Normal /dev/mem is of course access protected. To avoid this forbid PROT_NONE mappings or mprotect for high MMIO mappings. Valid page mappings are allowed because the system is then unsafe anyways. It's not expected that users commonly use PROT_NONE on MMIO. But to minimize any impact this is only enforced if the mapping actually refers to a high MMIO address (defined as the MAX_PA-1 bit being set), and also skip the check for root. For mmaps this is straight forward and can be handled in vm_insert_pfn and in remap_pfn_range(). For mprotect it's a bit trickier. At the point where the actual PTEs are accessed a lot of state has been changed and it would be difficult to undo on an error. Since this is a uncommon case use a separate early page talk walk pass for MMIO PROT_NONE mappings that checks for this condition early. For non MMIO and non PROT_NONE there are no changes. Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> |
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Mel Gorman
|
09a913a7a9 |
sched/numa: avoid trapping faults and attempting migration of file-backed dirty pages
change_pte_range is called from task work context to mark PTEs for
receiving NUMA faulting hints. If the marked pages are dirty then
migration may fail. Some filesystems cannot migrate dirty pages without
blocking so are skipped in MIGRATE_ASYNC mode which just wastes CPU.
Even when they can, it can be a waste of cycles when the pages are
shared forcing higher scan rates. This patch avoids marking shared
dirty pages for hinting faults but also will skip a migration if the
page was dirtied after the scanner updated a clean page.
This is most noticeable running the NASA Parallel Benchmark when backed
by btrfs, the default root filesystem for some distributions, but also
noticeable when using XFS.
The following are results from a 4-socket machine running a 4.16-rc4
kernel with some scheduler patches that are pending for the next merge
window.
4.16.0-rc4 4.16.0-rc4
schedtip-20180309 nodirty-v1
Time cg.D 459.07 ( 0.00%) 444.21 ( 3.24%)
Time ep.D 76.96 ( 0.00%) 77.69 ( -0.95%)
Time is.D 25.55 ( 0.00%) 27.85 ( -9.00%)
Time lu.D 601.58 ( 0.00%) 596.87 ( 0.78%)
Time mg.D 107.73 ( 0.00%) 108.22 ( -0.45%)
is.D regresses slightly in terms of absolute time but note that that
particular load varies quite a bit from run to run. The more relevant
observation is the total system CPU usage.
4.16.0-rc4 4.16.0-rc4
schedtip-20180309 nodirty-v1
User 71471.91 70627.04
System 11078.96 8256.13
Elapsed 661.66 632.74
That is a substantial drop in system CPU usage and overall the workload
completes faster. The NUMA balancing statistics are also interesting
NUMA base PTE updates 111407972 139848884
NUMA huge PMD updates 206506 264869
NUMA page range updates 217139044 275461812
NUMA hint faults 4300924 3719784
NUMA hint local faults 3012539 3416618
NUMA hint local percent 70 91
NUMA pages migrated 1517487 1358420
While more PTEs are scanned due to changes in what faults are gathered,
it's clear that a far higher percentage of faults are local as the bulk
of the remote hits were dirty pages that, in this case with btrfs, had
no chance of migrating.
The following is a comparison when using XFS as that is a more realistic
filesystem choice for a data partition
4.16.0-rc4 4.16.0-rc4
schedtip-20180309 nodirty-v1r47
Time cg.D 485.28 ( 0.00%) 442.62 ( 8.79%)
Time ep.D 77.68 ( 0.00%) 77.54 ( 0.18%)
Time is.D 26.44 ( 0.00%) 24.79 ( 6.24%)
Time lu.D 597.46 ( 0.00%) 597.11 ( 0.06%)
Time mg.D 142.65 ( 0.00%) 105.83 ( 25.81%)
That is a reasonable gain on two relatively long-lived workloads. While
not presented, there is also a substantial drop in system CPu usage and
the NUMA balancing stats show similar improvements in locality as btrfs
did.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180326094334.zserdec62gwmmfqf@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Khalid Aziz
|
2c2d57b5e7 |
mm: Clear arch specific VM flags on protection change
When protection bits are changed on a VMA, some of the architecture specific flags should be cleared as well. An examples of this are the PKEY flags on x86. This patch expands the current code that clears PKEY flags for x86, to support similar functionality for other architectures as well. Signed-off-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com> Cc: Khalid Aziz <khalid@gonehiking.org> Reviewed-by: Anthony Yznaga <anthony.yznaga@oracle.com> Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> |
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Khalid Aziz
|
9035cf9a97 |
mm: Add address parameter to arch_validate_prot()
A protection flag may not be valid across entire address space and hence arch_validate_prot() might need the address a protection bit is being set on to ensure it is a valid protection flag. For example, sparc processors support memory corruption detection (as part of ADI feature) flag on memory addresses mapped on to physical RAM but not on PFN mapped pages or addresses mapped on to devices. This patch adds address to the parameters being passed to arch_validate_prot() so protection bits can be validated in the relevant context. Signed-off-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com> Cc: Khalid Aziz <khalid@gonehiking.org> Reviewed-by: Anthony Yznaga <anthony.yznaga@oracle.com> Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> (powerpc) Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> |
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Henry Willard
|
859d4adc34 |
mm: numa: do not trap faults on shared data section pages.
Workloads consisting of a large number of processes running the same
program with a very large shared data segment may experience performance
problems when numa balancing attempts to migrate the shared cow pages.
This manifests itself with many processes or tasks in
TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE state waiting for the shared pages to be migrated.
The program listed below simulates the conditions with these results
when run with 288 processes on a 144 core/8 socket machine.
Average throughput Average throughput Average throughput
with numa_balancing=0 with numa_balancing=1 with numa_balancing=1
without the patch with the patch
--------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
2118782 2021534 2107979
Complex production environments show less variability and fewer poorly
performing outliers accompanied with a smaller number of processes
waiting on NUMA page migration with this patch applied. In some cases,
%iowait drops from 16%-26% to 0.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* Copyright (c) 2017 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
*/
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <wait.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
int a[1000000] = {13};
int main(int argc, const char **argv)
{
int n = 0;
int i;
pid_t pid;
int stat;
int *count_array;
int cpu_count = 288;
long total = 0;
struct timeval t1, t2 = {(argc > 1 ? atoi(argv[1]) : 10), 0};
if (argc > 2)
cpu_count = atoi(argv[2]);
count_array = mmap(NULL, cpu_count * sizeof(int),
(PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE),
(MAP_SHARED|MAP_ANONYMOUS), 0, 0);
if (count_array == MAP_FAILED) {
perror("mmap:");
return 0;
}
for (i = 0; i < cpu_count; ++i) {
pid = fork();
if (pid <= 0)
break;
if ((i & 0xf) == 0)
usleep(2);
}
if (pid != 0) {
if (i == 0) {
perror("fork:");
return 0;
}
for (;;) {
pid = wait(&stat);
if (pid < 0)
break;
}
for (i = 0; i < cpu_count; ++i)
total += count_array[i];
printf("Total %ld\n", total);
munmap(count_array, cpu_count * sizeof(int));
return 0;
}
gettimeofday(&t1, 0);
timeradd(&t1, &t2, &t1);
while (timercmp(&t2, &t1, <)) {
int b = 0;
int j;
for (j = 0; j < 1000000; j++)
b += a[j];
gettimeofday(&t2, 0);
n++;
}
count_array[i] = n;
return 0;
}
This patch changes change_pte_range() to skip shared copy-on-write pages
when called from change_prot_numa().
NOTE: change_prot_numa() is nominally called from task_numa_work() and
queue_pages_test_walk(). task_numa_work() is the auto NUMA balancing
path, and queue_pages_test_walk() is part of explicit NUMA policy
management. However, queue_pages_test_walk() only calls
change_prot_numa() when MPOL_MF_LAZY is specified and currently that is
not allowed, so change_prot_numa() is only called from auto NUMA
balancing.
In the case of explicit NUMA policy management, shared pages are not
migrated unless MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL is specified, and MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL
depends on CAP_SYS_NICE. Currently, there is no way to pass information
about MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL to change_pte_range. This will have to be fixed
if MPOL_MF_LAZY is enabled and MPOL_MF_MOVE_ALL is to be honored in lazy
migration mode.
task_numa_work() skips the read-only VMAs of programs and shared
libraries.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1516751617-7369-1-git-send-email-henry.willard@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Henry Willard <henry.willard@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Håkon Bugge <haakon.bugge@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Steve Sistare <steven.sistare@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu>
Cc: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Jérôme Glisse" <jglisse@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Anshuman Khandual
|
4991c09c7c |
mm/mprotect: add a cond_resched() inside change_pmd_range()
While testing on a large CPU system, detected the following RCU stall many times over the span of the workload. This problem is solved by adding a cond_resched() in the change_pmd_range() function. INFO: rcu_sched detected stalls on CPUs/tasks: 154-....: (670 ticks this GP) idle=022/140000000000000/0 softirq=2825/2825 fqs=612 (detected by 955, t=6002 jiffies, g=4486, c=4485, q=90864) Sending NMI from CPU 955 to CPUs 154: NMI backtrace for cpu 154 CPU: 154 PID: 147071 Comm: workload Not tainted 4.15.0-rc3+ #3 NIP: c0000000000b3f64 LR: c0000000000b33d4 CTR: 000000000000aa18 REGS: 00000000a4b0fb44 TRAP: 0501 Not tainted (4.15.0-rc3+) MSR: 8000000000009033 <SF,EE,ME,IR,DR,RI,LE> CR: 22422082 XER: 00000000 CFAR: 00000000006cf8f0 SOFTE: 1 GPR00: 0010000000000000 c00003ef9b1cb8c0 c0000000010cc600 0000000000000000 GPR04: 8e0000018c32b200 40017b3858fd6e00 8e0000018c32b208 40017b3858fd6e00 GPR08: 8e0000018c32b210 40017b3858fd6e00 8e0000018c32b218 40017b3858fd6e00 GPR12: ffffffffffffffff c00000000fb25100 NIP [c0000000000b3f64] plpar_hcall9+0x44/0x7c LR [c0000000000b33d4] pSeries_lpar_flush_hash_range+0x384/0x420 Call Trace: flush_hash_range+0x48/0x100 __flush_tlb_pending+0x44/0xd0 hpte_need_flush+0x408/0x470 change_protection_range+0xaac/0xf10 change_prot_numa+0x30/0xb0 task_numa_work+0x2d0/0x3e0 task_work_run+0x130/0x190 do_notify_resume+0x118/0x120 ret_from_except_lite+0x70/0x74 Instruction dump: 60000000 f8810028 7ca42b78 7cc53378 7ce63b78 7d074378 7d284b78 7d495378 e9410060 e9610068 e9810070 44000022 <7d806378> e9810028 f88c0000 f8ac0008 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171214140551.5794-1-khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Suggested-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Greg Kroah-Hartman
|
b24413180f |
License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> |
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Jérôme Glisse
|
5042db43cc |
mm/ZONE_DEVICE: new type of ZONE_DEVICE for unaddressable memory
HMM (heterogeneous memory management) need struct page to support migration from system main memory to device memory. Reasons for HMM and migration to device memory is explained with HMM core patch. This patch deals with device memory that is un-addressable memory (ie CPU can not access it). Hence we do not want those struct page to be manage like regular memory. That is why we extend ZONE_DEVICE to support different types of memory. A persistent memory type is define for existing user of ZONE_DEVICE and a new device un-addressable type is added for the un-addressable memory type. There is a clear separation between what is expected from each memory type and existing user of ZONE_DEVICE are un-affected by new requirement and new use of the un-addressable type. All specific code path are protect with test against the memory type. Because memory is un-addressable we use a new special swap type for when a page is migrated to device memory (this reduces the number of maximum swap file). The main two additions beside memory type to ZONE_DEVICE is two callbacks. First one, page_free() is call whenever page refcount reach 1 (which means the page is free as ZONE_DEVICE page never reach a refcount of 0). This allow device driver to manage its memory and associated struct page. The second callback page_fault() happens when there is a CPU access to an address that is back by a device page (which are un-addressable by the CPU). This callback is responsible to migrate the page back to system main memory. Device driver can not block migration back to system memory, HMM make sure that such page can not be pin into device memory. If device is in some error condition and can not migrate memory back then a CPU page fault to device memory should end with SIGBUS. [arnd@arndb.de: fix warning] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170823133213.712917-1-arnd@arndb.de Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170817000548.32038-8-jglisse@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Acked-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Cc: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: David Nellans <dnellans@nvidia.com> Cc: Evgeny Baskakov <ebaskakov@nvidia.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mark Hairgrove <mhairgrove@nvidia.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Sherry Cheung <SCheung@nvidia.com> Cc: Subhash Gutti <sgutti@nvidia.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com> Cc: Bob Liu <liubo95@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Zi Yan
|
84c3fc4e9c |
mm: thp: check pmd migration entry in common path
When THP migration is being used, memory management code needs to handle pmd migration entries properly. This patch uses !pmd_present() or is_swap_pmd() (depending on whether pmd_none() needs separate code or not) to check pmd migration entries at the places where a pmd entry is present. Since pmd-related code uses split_huge_page(), split_huge_pmd(), pmd_trans_huge(), pmd_trans_unstable(), or pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad(), this patch: 1. adds pmd migration entry split code in split_huge_pmd(), 2. takes care of pmd migration entries whenever pmd_trans_huge() is present, 3. makes pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad() pmd migration entry aware. Since split_huge_page() uses split_huge_pmd() and pmd_trans_unstable() is equivalent to pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad(), we do not change them. Until this commit, a pmd entry should be: 1. pointing to a pte page, 2. is_swap_pmd(), 3. pmd_trans_huge(), 4. pmd_devmap(), or 5. pmd_none(). Signed-off-by: Zi Yan <zi.yan@cs.rutgers.edu> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: David Nellans <dnellans@nvidia.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Nadav Amit
|
16af97dc5a |
mm: migrate: prevent racy access to tlb_flush_pending
Patch series "fixes of TLB batching races", v6.
It turns out that Linux TLB batching mechanism suffers from various
races. Races that are caused due to batching during reclamation were
recently handled by Mel and this patch-set deals with others. The more
fundamental issue is that concurrent updates of the page-tables allow
for TLB flushes to be batched on one core, while another core changes
the page-tables. This other core may assume a PTE change does not
require a flush based on the updated PTE value, while it is unaware that
TLB flushes are still pending.
This behavior affects KSM (which may result in memory corruption) and
MADV_FREE and MADV_DONTNEED (which may result in incorrect behavior). A
proof-of-concept can easily produce the wrong behavior of MADV_DONTNEED.
Memory corruption in KSM is harder to produce in practice, but was
observed by hacking the kernel and adding a delay before flushing and
replacing the KSM page.
Finally, there is also one memory barrier missing, which may affect
architectures with weak memory model.
This patch (of 7):
Setting and clearing mm->tlb_flush_pending can be performed by multiple
threads, since mmap_sem may only be acquired for read in
task_numa_work(). If this happens, tlb_flush_pending might be cleared
while one of the threads still changes PTEs and batches TLB flushes.
This can lead to the same race between migration and
change_protection_range() that led to the introduction of
tlb_flush_pending. The result of this race was data corruption, which
means that this patch also addresses a theoretically possible data
corruption.
An actual data corruption was not observed, yet the race was was
confirmed by adding assertion to check tlb_flush_pending is not set by
two threads, adding artificial latency in change_protection_range() and
using sysctl to reduce kernel.numa_balancing_scan_delay_ms.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170802000818.4760-2-namit@vmware.com
Fixes:
|
||
|
Mel Gorman
|
3ea277194d |
mm, mprotect: flush TLB if potentially racing with a parallel reclaim leaving stale TLB entries
Nadav Amit identified a theoritical race between page reclaim and
mprotect due to TLB flushes being batched outside of the PTL being held.
He described the race as follows:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
user accesses memory using RW PTE
[PTE now cached in TLB]
try_to_unmap_one()
==> ptep_get_and_clear()
==> set_tlb_ubc_flush_pending()
mprotect(addr, PROT_READ)
==> change_pte_range()
==> [ PTE non-present - no flush ]
user writes using cached RW PTE
...
try_to_unmap_flush()
The same type of race exists for reads when protecting for PROT_NONE and
also exists for operations that can leave an old TLB entry behind such
as munmap, mremap and madvise.
For some operations like mprotect, it's not necessarily a data integrity
issue but it is a correctness issue as there is a window where an
mprotect that limits access still allows access. For munmap, it's
potentially a data integrity issue although the race is massive as an
munmap, mmap and return to userspace must all complete between the
window when reclaim drops the PTL and flushes the TLB. However, it's
theoritically possible so handle this issue by flushing the mm if
reclaim is potentially currently batching TLB flushes.
Other instances where a flush is required for a present pte should be ok
as either the page lock is held preventing parallel reclaim or a page
reference count is elevated preventing a parallel free leading to
corruption. In the case of page_mkclean there isn't an obvious path
that userspace could take advantage of without using the operations that
are guarded by this patch. Other users such as gup as a race with
reclaim looks just at PTEs. huge page variants should be ok as they
don't race with reclaim. mincore only looks at PTEs. userfault also
should be ok as if a parallel reclaim takes place, it will either fault
the page back in or read some of the data before the flush occurs
triggering a fault.
Note that a variant of this patch was acked by Andy Lutomirski but this
was for the x86 parts on top of his PCID work which didn't make the 4.13
merge window as expected. His ack is dropped from this version and
there will be a follow-on patch on top of PCID that will include his
ack.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comments]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix spello]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170717155523.emckq2esjro6hf3z@suse.de
Reported-by: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [v4.4+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
||
|
Naoya Horiguchi
|
8bc3c3fe4f |
mm: drop NULL return check of pte_offset_map_lock()
pte_offset_map_lock() finds and takes ptl, and returns pte. But some callers return without unlocking the ptl when pte == NULL, which seems weird. Git history said that !pte check in change_pte_range() was introduced in commit |
||
|
Kirill A. Shutemov
|
c2febafc67 |
mm: convert generic code to 5-level paging
Convert all non-architecture-specific code to 5-level paging. It's mostly mechanical adding handling one more page table level in places where we deal with pud_t. Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Aneesh Kumar K.V
|
288bc54949 |
mm/autonuma: let architecture override how the write bit should be stashed in a protnone pte.
Patch series "Numabalancing preserve write fix", v2.
This patch series address an issue w.r.t THP migration and autonuma
preserve write feature. migrate_misplaced_transhuge_page() cannot deal
with concurrent modification of the page. It does a page copy without
following the migration pte sequence. IIUC, this was done to keep the
migration simpler and at the time of implemenation we didn't had THP
page cache which would have required a more elaborate migration scheme.
That means thp autonuma migration expect the protnone with saved write
to be done such that both kernel and user cannot update the page
content. This patch series enables archs like ppc64 to do that. We are
good with the hash translation mode with the current code, because we
never create a hardware page table entry for a protnone pte.
This patch (of 2):
Autonuma preserves the write permission across numa fault to avoid
taking a writefault after a numa fault (Commit:
|
||
|
Andrea Arcangeli
|
175ad4f1e7 |
mm: mprotect: use pmd_trans_unstable instead of taking the pmd_lock
pmd_trans_unstable does an atomic read on the pmd so it doesn't require the pmd_lock for the same check. This also removes the special assumption that the mmap_sem is hold for writing if prot_numa is not set. userfaultfd will hold the mmap_sem only for reading in change_pte_range like prot_numa, but it will not set prot_numa. This is always a valid micro-optimization regardless of userfaultfd. [kirill@shutemov.name: drop unneeded pmd_trans_unstable(pmd) check after __split_huge_pmd()] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170208120421.GE5578@node.shutemov.name Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161216144821.5183-43-aarcange@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com> Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com> Cc: Michael Rapoport <RAPOPORT@il.ibm.com> Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Linus Torvalds
|
7c0f6ba682 |
Replace <asm/uaccess.h> with <linux/uaccess.h> globally
This was entirely automated, using the script by Al:
PATT='^[[:blank:]]*#[[:blank:]]*include[[:blank:]]*<asm/uaccess.h>'
sed -i -e "s!$PATT!#include <linux/uaccess.h>!" \
$(git grep -l "$PATT"|grep -v ^include/linux/uaccess.h)
to do the replacement at the end of the merge window.
Requested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
||
|
Heiko Carstens
|
c7142aead8 |
mm/pkeys: generate pkey system call code only if ARCH_HAS_PKEYS is selected
Having code for the pkey_mprotect, pkey_alloc and pkey_free system calls makes only sense if ARCH_HAS_PKEYS is selected. If not selected these system calls will always return -ENOSPC or -EINVAL. To simplify things and have less code generate the pkey system call code only if ARCH_HAS_PKEYS is selected. For architectures which have already wired up the system calls, but do not select ARCH_HAS_PKEYS this will result in less generated code and a different return code: the three system calls will now always return -ENOSYS, using the cond_syscall mechanism. For architectures which have not wired up the system calls less unreachable code will be generated. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161114111251.70084-1-heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
David Rientjes
|
fd60775aea |
mm, thp: avoid unlikely branches for split_huge_pmd
While doing MADV_DONTNEED on a large area of thp memory, I noticed we encountered many unlikely() branches in profiles for each backing hugepage. This is because zap_pmd_range() would call split_huge_pmd(), which rechecked the conditions that were already validated, but as part of an unlikely() branch. Avoid the unlikely() branch when in a context where pmd is known to be good for __split_huge_pmd() directly. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.DEB.2.10.1610181600300.84525@chino.kir.corp.google.com Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Andi Kleen
|
3e32158767 |
mm/mprotect.c: don't touch single threaded PTEs which are on the right node
We had some problems with pages getting unmapped in single threaded affinitized processes. It was tracked down to NUMA scanning. In this case it doesn't make any sense to unmap pages if the process is single threaded and the page is already on the node the process is running on. Add a check for this case into the numa protection code, and skip unmapping if true. In theory the process could be migrated later, but we will eventually rescan and unmap and migrate then. In theory this could be made more fancy: remembering this state per process or even whole mm. However that would need extra tracking and be more complicated, and the simple check seems to work fine so far. [ak@linux.intel.com: v3: Minor updates from Mel. Change code layout] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1476382117-5440-1-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1476288949-20970-1-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Wei Yongjun
|
137baabe35 |
mm/numa: Remove duplicated include from mprotect.c
Signed-off-by: Wei Yongjun <weiyongjun1@huawei.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1476719259-6214-1-git-send-email-weiyj.lk@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> |
||
|
Linus Torvalds
|
93c26d7dc0 |
Merge branch 'mm-pkeys-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull protection keys syscall interface from Thomas Gleixner: "This is the final step of Protection Keys support which adds the syscalls so user space can actually allocate keys and protect memory areas with them. Details and usage examples can be found in the documentation. The mm side of this has been acked by Mel" * 'mm-pkeys-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/pkeys: Update documentation x86/mm/pkeys: Do not skip PKRU register if debug registers are not used x86/pkeys: Fix pkeys build breakage for some non-x86 arches x86/pkeys: Add self-tests x86/pkeys: Allow configuration of init_pkru x86/pkeys: Default to a restrictive init PKRU pkeys: Add details of system call use to Documentation/ generic syscalls: Wire up memory protection keys syscalls x86: Wire up protection keys system calls x86/pkeys: Allocation/free syscalls x86/pkeys: Make mprotect_key() mask off additional vm_flags mm: Implement new pkey_mprotect() system call x86/pkeys: Add fault handling for PF_PK page fault bit |
||
|
Andrea Arcangeli
|
e86f15ee64 |
mm: vma_merge: fix vm_page_prot SMP race condition against rmap_walk
The rmap_walk can access vm_page_prot (and potentially vm_flags in the
pte/pmd manipulations). So it's not safe to wait the caller to update
the vm_page_prot/vm_flags after vma_merge returned potentially removing
the "next" vma and extending the "current" vma over the
next->vm_start,vm_end range, but still with the "current" vma
vm_page_prot, after releasing the rmap locks.
The vm_page_prot/vm_flags must be transferred from the "next" vma to the
current vma while vma_merge still holds the rmap locks.
The side effect of this race condition is pte corruption during migrate
as remove_migration_ptes when run on a address of the "next" vma that
got removed, used the vm_page_prot of the current vma.
migrate mprotect
------------ -------------
migrating in "next" vma
vma_merge() # removes "next" vma and
# extends "current" vma
# current vma is not with
# vm_page_prot updated
remove_migration_ptes
read vm_page_prot of current "vma"
establish pte with wrong permissions
vm_set_page_prot(vma) # too late!
change_protection in the old vma range
only, next range is not updated
This caused segmentation faults and potentially memory corruption in
heavy mprotect loads with some light page migration caused by compaction
in the background.
Hugh Dickins pointed out the comment about the Odd case 8 in vma_merge
which confirms the case 8 is only buggy one where the race can trigger,
in all other vma_merge cases the above cannot happen.
This fix removes the oddness factor from case 8 and it converts it from:
AAAA
PPPPNNNNXXXX -> PPPPNNNNNNNN
to:
AAAA
PPPPNNNNXXXX -> PPPPXXXXXXXX
XXXX has the right vma properties for the whole merged vma returned by
vma_adjust, so it solves the problem fully. It has the added benefits
that the callers could stop updating vma properties when vma_merge
succeeds however the callers are not updated by this patch (there are
bits like VM_SOFTDIRTY that still need special care for the whole range,
as the vma merging ignores them, but as long as they're not processed by
rmap walks and instead they're accessed with the mmap_sem at least for
reading, they are fine not to be updated within vma_adjust before
releasing the rmap_locks).
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474309513-20313-1-git-send-email-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Aditya Mandaleeka <adityam@microsoft.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Jan Vorlicek <janvorli@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
||
|
Andrea Arcangeli
|
6d2329f887 |
mm: vm_page_prot: update with WRITE_ONCE/READ_ONCE
vma->vm_page_prot is read lockless from the rmap_walk, it may be updated concurrently and this prevents the risk of reading intermediate values. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474660305-19222-1-git-send-email-aarcange@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Jan Vorlicek <janvorli@microsoft.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Dave Hansen
|
e8c24d3a23 |
x86/pkeys: Allocation/free syscalls
This patch adds two new system calls: int pkey_alloc(unsigned long flags, unsigned long init_access_rights) int pkey_free(int pkey); These implement an "allocator" for the protection keys themselves, which can be thought of as analogous to the allocator that the kernel has for file descriptors. The kernel tracks which numbers are in use, and only allows operations on keys that are valid. A key which was not obtained by pkey_alloc() may not, for instance, be passed to pkey_mprotect(). These system calls are also very important given the kernel's use of pkeys to implement execute-only support. These help ensure that userspace can never assume that it has control of a key unless it first asks the kernel. The kernel does not promise to preserve PKRU (right register) contents except for allocated pkeys. The 'init_access_rights' argument to pkey_alloc() specifies the rights that will be established for the returned pkey. For instance: pkey = pkey_alloc(flags, PKEY_DENY_WRITE); will allocate 'pkey', but also sets the bits in PKRU[1] such that writing to 'pkey' is already denied. The kernel does not prevent pkey_free() from successfully freeing in-use pkeys (those still assigned to a memory range by pkey_mprotect()). It would be expensive to implement the checks for this, so we instead say, "Just don't do it" since sane software will never do it anyway. Any piece of userspace calling pkey_alloc() needs to be prepared for it to fail. Why? pkey_alloc() returns the same error code (ENOSPC) when there are no pkeys and when pkeys are unsupported. They can be unsupported for a whole host of reasons, so apps must be prepared for this. Also, libraries or LD_PRELOADs might steal keys before an application gets access to them. This allocation mechanism could be implemented in userspace. Even if we did it in userspace, we would still need additional user/kernel interfaces to tell userspace which keys are being used by the kernel internally (such as for execute-only mappings). Having the kernel provide this facility completely removes the need for these additional interfaces, or having an implementation of this in userspace at all. Note that we have to make changes to all of the architectures that do not use mman-common.h because we use the new PKEY_DENY_ACCESS/WRITE macros in arch-independent code. 1. PKRU is the Protection Key Rights User register. It is a usermode-accessible register that controls whether writes and/or access to each individual pkey is allowed or denied. Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net> Cc: arnd@arndb.de Cc: linux-api@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: luto@kernel.org Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org Cc: torvalds@linux-foundation.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160729163015.444FE75F@viggo.jf.intel.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> |
||
|
Dave Hansen
|
a8502b67d7 |
x86/pkeys: Make mprotect_key() mask off additional vm_flags
Today, mprotect() takes 4 bits of data: PROT_READ/WRITE/EXEC/NONE. Three of those bits: READ/WRITE/EXEC get translated directly in to vma->vm_flags by calc_vm_prot_bits(). If a bit is unset in mprotect()'s 'prot' argument then it must be cleared in vma->vm_flags during the mprotect() call. We do this clearing today by first calculating the VMA flags we want set, then clearing the ones we do not want to inherit from the original VMA: vm_flags = calc_vm_prot_bits(prot, key); ... newflags = vm_flags; newflags |= (vma->vm_flags & ~(VM_READ | VM_WRITE | VM_EXEC)); However, we *also* want to mask off the original VMA's vm_flags in which we store the protection key. To do that, this patch adds a new macro: ARCH_VM_PKEY_FLAGS which allows the architecture to specify additional bits that it would like cleared. We use that to ensure that the VM_PKEY_BIT* bits get cleared. Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net> Cc: arnd@arndb.de Cc: linux-api@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: luto@kernel.org Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org Cc: torvalds@linux-foundation.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160729163013.E48D6981@viggo.jf.intel.com Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> |
||
|
Dave Hansen
|
7d06d9c9bd |
mm: Implement new pkey_mprotect() system call
pkey_mprotect() is just like mprotect, except it also takes a
protection key as an argument. On systems that do not support
protection keys, it still works, but requires that key=0.
Otherwise it does exactly what mprotect does.
I expect it to get used like this, if you want to guarantee that
any mapping you create can *never* be accessed without the right
protection keys set up.
int real_prot = PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
pkey = pkey_alloc(0, PKEY_DENY_ACCESS);
ptr = mmap(NULL, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_NONE, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
ret = pkey_mprotect(ptr, PAGE_SIZE, real_prot, pkey);
This way, there is *no* window where the mapping is accessible
since it was always either PROT_NONE or had a protection key set
that denied all access.
We settled on 'unsigned long' for the type of the key here. We
only need 4 bits on x86 today, but I figured that other
architectures might need some more space.
Semantically, we have a bit of a problem if we combine this
syscall with our previously-introduced execute-only support:
What do we do when we mix execute-only pkey use with
pkey_mprotect() use? For instance:
pkey_mprotect(ptr, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_WRITE, 6); // set pkey=6
mprotect(ptr, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_EXEC); // set pkey=X_ONLY_PKEY?
mprotect(ptr, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_WRITE); // is pkey=6 again?
To solve that, we make the plain-mprotect()-initiated execute-only
support only apply to VMAs that have the default protection key (0)
set on them.
Proposed semantics:
1. protection key 0 is special and represents the default,
"unassigned" protection key. It is always allocated.
2. mprotect() never affects a mapping's pkey_mprotect()-assigned
protection key. A protection key of 0 (even if set explicitly)
represents an unassigned protection key.
2a. mprotect(PROT_EXEC) on a mapping with an assigned protection
key may or may not result in a mapping with execute-only
properties. pkey_mprotect() plus pkey_set() on all threads
should be used to _guarantee_ execute-only semantics if this
is not a strong enough semantic.
3. mprotect(PROT_EXEC) may result in an "execute-only" mapping. The
kernel will internally attempt to allocate and dedicate a
protection key for the purpose of execute-only mappings. This
may not be possible in cases where there are no free protection
keys available. It can also happen, of course, in situations
where there is no hardware support for protection keys.
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
Cc: arnd@arndb.de
Cc: linux-api@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: luto@kernel.org
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: torvalds@linux-foundation.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160729163012.3DDD36C4@viggo.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
|
||
|
Naoya Horiguchi
|
337d9abf1c |
mm: thp: check pmd_trans_unstable() after split_huge_pmd()
split_huge_pmd() doesn't guarantee that the pmd is normal pmd pointing to pte entries, which can be checked with pmd_trans_unstable(). Some callers make this assertion and some do it differently and some not, so let's do it in a unified manner. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464741400-12143-1-git-send-email-n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Michal Hocko
|
dc0ef0df7b |
mm: make mmap_sem for write waits killable for mm syscalls
This is a follow up work for oom_reaper [1]. As the async OOM killing depends on oom_sem for read we would really appreciate if a holder for write didn't stood in the way. This patchset is changing many of down_write calls to be killable to help those cases when the writer is blocked and waiting for readers to release the lock and so help __oom_reap_task to process the oom victim. Most of the patches are really trivial because the lock is help from a shallow syscall paths where we can return EINTR trivially and allow the current task to die (note that EINTR will never get to the userspace as the task has fatal signal pending). Others seem to be easy as well as the callers are already handling fatal errors and bail and return to userspace which should be sufficient to handle the failure gracefully. I am not familiar with all those code paths so a deeper review is really appreciated. As this work is touching more areas which are not directly connected I have tried to keep the CC list as small as possible and people who I believed would be familiar are CCed only to the specific patches (all should have received the cover though). This patchset is based on linux-next and it depends on down_write_killable for rw_semaphores which got merged into tip locking/rwsem branch and it is merged into this next tree. I guess it would be easiest to route these patches via mmotm because of the dependency on the tip tree but if respective maintainers prefer other way I have no objections. I haven't covered all the mmap_write(mm->mmap_sem) instances here $ git grep "down_write(.*\<mmap_sem\>)" next/master | wc -l 98 $ git grep "down_write(.*\<mmap_sem\>)" | wc -l 62 I have tried to cover those which should be relatively easy to review in this series because this alone should be a nice improvement. Other places can be changed on top. [0] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1456752417-9626-1-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org [1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1452094975-551-1-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org [2] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1456750705-7141-1-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org This patch (of 18): This is the first step in making mmap_sem write waiters killable. It focuses on the trivial ones which are taking the lock early after entering the syscall and they are not changing state before. Therefore it is very easy to change them to use down_write_killable and immediately return with -EINTR. This will allow the waiter to pass away without blocking the mmap_sem which might be required to make a forward progress. E.g. the oom reaper will need the lock for reading to dismantle the OOM victim address space. The only tricky function in this patch is vm_mmap_pgoff which has many call sites via vm_mmap. To reduce the risk keep vm_mmap with the original non-killable semantic for now. vm_munmap callers do not bother checking the return value so open code it into the munmap syscall path for now for simplicity. Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Piotr Kwapulinski
|
f138556daf |
mm/mprotect.c: don't imply PROT_EXEC on non-exec fs
The mprotect(PROT_READ) fails when called by the READ_IMPLIES_EXEC binary on a memory mapped file located on non-exec fs. The mprotect does not check whether fs is _executable_ or not. The PROT_EXEC flag is set automatically even if a memory mapped file is located on non-exec fs. Fix it by checking whether a memory mapped file is located on a non-exec fs. If so the PROT_EXEC is not implied by the PROT_READ. The implementation uses the VM_MAYEXEC flag set properly in mmap. Now it is consistent with mmap. I did the isolated tests (PT_GNU_STACK X/NX, multiple VMAs, X/NX fs). I also patched the official 3.19.0-47-generic Ubuntu 14.04 kernel and it seems to work. Signed-off-by: Piotr Kwapulinski <kwapulinski.piotr@gmail.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Dave Hansen
|
62b5f7d013 |
mm/core, x86/mm/pkeys: Add execute-only protection keys support
Protection keys provide new page-based protection in hardware. But, they have an interesting attribute: they only affect data accesses and never affect instruction fetches. That means that if we set up some memory which is set as "access-disabled" via protection keys, we can still execute from it. This patch uses protection keys to set up mappings to do just that. If a user calls: mmap(..., PROT_EXEC); or mprotect(ptr, sz, PROT_EXEC); (note PROT_EXEC-only without PROT_READ/WRITE), the kernel will notice this, and set a special protection key on the memory. It also sets the appropriate bits in the Protection Keys User Rights (PKRU) register so that the memory becomes unreadable and unwritable. I haven't found any userspace that does this today. With this facility in place, we expect userspace to move to use it eventually. Userspace _could_ start doing this today. Any PROT_EXEC calls get converted to PROT_READ inside the kernel, and would transparently be upgraded to "true" PROT_EXEC with this code. IOW, userspace never has to do any PROT_EXEC runtime detection. This feature provides enhanced protection against leaking executable memory contents. This helps thwart attacks which are attempting to find ROP gadgets on the fly. But, the security provided by this approach is not comprehensive. The PKRU register which controls access permissions is a normal user register writable from unprivileged userspace. An attacker who can execute the 'wrpkru' instruction can easily disable the protection provided by this feature. The protection key that is used for execute-only support is permanently dedicated at compile time. This is fine for now because there is currently no API to set a protection key other than this one. Despite there being a constant PKRU value across the entire system, we do not set it unless this feature is in use in a process. That is to preserve the PKRU XSAVE 'init state', which can lead to faster context switches. PKRU *is* a user register and the kernel is modifying it. That means that code doing: pkru = rdpkru() pkru |= 0x100; mmap(..., PROT_EXEC); wrpkru(pkru); could lose the bits in PKRU that enforce execute-only permissions. To avoid this, we suggest avoiding ever calling mmap() or mprotect() when the PKRU value is expected to be unstable. Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Chen Gang <gang.chen.5i5j@gmail.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net> Cc: David Hildenbrand <dahi@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Piotr Kwapulinski <kwapulinski.piotr@gmail.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> Cc: Vladimir Murzin <vladimir.murzin@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: keescook@google.com Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160212210240.CB4BB5CA@viggo.jf.intel.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> |
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Dave Hansen
|
e6bfb70959 |
mm/core, arch, powerpc: Pass a protection key in to calc_vm_flag_bits()
This plumbs a protection key through calc_vm_flag_bits(). We could have done this in calc_vm_prot_bits(), but I did not feel super strongly which way to go. It was pretty arbitrary which one to use. Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: Arve Hjønnevåg <arve@android.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> Cc: Chen Gang <gang.chen.5i5j@gmail.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net> Cc: David Airlie <airlied@linux.ie> Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com> Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Geliang Tang <geliangtang@163.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> Cc: Leon Romanovsky <leon@leon.nu> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com> Cc: Maxime Coquelin <mcoquelin.stm32@gmail.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Riley Andrews <riandrews@android.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Cc: devel@driverdev.osuosl.org Cc: linux-api@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org Cc: linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160212210231.E6F1F0D6@viggo.jf.intel.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> |
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|
Kirill A. Shutemov
|
6b9116a652 |
mm, dax: check for pmd_none() after split_huge_pmd()
DAX implements split_huge_pmd() by clearing pmd. This simple approach reduces memory overhead, as we don't need to deposit page table on huge page mapping to make split_huge_pmd() never-fail. PTE table can be allocated and populated later on page fault from backing store. But one side effect is that have to check if pmd is pmd_none() after split_huge_pmd(). In most places we do this already to deal with parallel MADV_DONTNEED. But I found two call sites which is not affected by MADV_DONTNEED (due down_write(mmap_sem)), but need to have the check to work with DAX properly. Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Dan Williams
|
5c7fb56e5e |
mm, dax: dax-pmd vs thp-pmd vs hugetlbfs-pmd
A dax-huge-page mapping while it uses some thp helpers is ultimately not a transparent huge page. The distinction is especially important in the get_user_pages() path. pmd_devmap() is used to distinguish dax-pmds from pmd_huge() and pmd_trans_huge() which have slightly different semantics. Explicitly mark the pmd_trans_huge() helpers that dax needs by adding pmd_devmap() checks. [kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com: fix regression in handling mlocked pages in __split_huge_pmd()] Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Kirill A. Shutemov
|
78ddc53473 |
thp: rename split_huge_page_pmd() to split_huge_pmd()
We are going to decouple splitting THP PMD from splitting underlying compound page. This patch renames split_huge_page_pmd*() functions to split_huge_pmd*() to reflect the fact that it doesn't imply page splitting, only PMD. Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Tested-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Tested-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: Steve Capper <steve.capper@linaro.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Konstantin Khlebnikov
|
8463833590 |
mm: rework virtual memory accounting
When inspecting a vague code inside prctl(PR_SET_MM_MEM) call (which testing the RLIMIT_DATA value to figure out if we're allowed to assign new @start_brk, @brk, @start_data, @end_data from mm_struct) it's been commited that RLIMIT_DATA in a form it's implemented now doesn't do anything useful because most of user-space libraries use mmap() syscall for dynamic memory allocations. Linus suggested to convert RLIMIT_DATA rlimit into something suitable for anonymous memory accounting. But in this patch we go further, and the changes are bundled together as: * keep vma counting if CONFIG_PROC_FS=n, will be used for limits * replace mm->shared_vm with better defined mm->data_vm * account anonymous executable areas as executable * account file-backed growsdown/up areas as stack * drop struct file* argument from vm_stat_account * enforce RLIMIT_DATA for size of data areas This way code looks cleaner: now code/stack/data classification depends only on vm_flags state: VM_EXEC & ~VM_WRITE -> code (VmExe + VmLib in proc) VM_GROWSUP | VM_GROWSDOWN -> stack (VmStk) VM_WRITE & ~VM_SHARED & !stack -> data (VmData) The rest (VmSize - VmData - VmStk - VmExe - VmLib) could be called "shared", but that might be strange beast like readonly-private or VM_IO area. - RLIMIT_AS limits whole address space "VmSize" - RLIMIT_STACK limits stack "VmStk" (but each vma individually) - RLIMIT_DATA now limits "VmData" Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Quentin Casasnovas <quentin.casasnovas@oracle.com> Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@google.com> Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Andrea Arcangeli
|
19a809afe2 |
userfaultfd: teach vma_merge to merge across vma->vm_userfaultfd_ctx
vma->vm_userfaultfd_ctx is yet another vma parameter that vma_merge must be aware about so that we can merge vmas back like they were originally before arming the userfaultfd on some memory range. Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Acked-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com> Cc: Sanidhya Kashyap <sanidhya.gatech@gmail.com> Cc: zhang.zhanghailiang@huawei.com Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Andres Lagar-Cavilla <andreslc@google.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Peter Feiner <pfeiner@google.com> Cc: "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: "Huangpeng (Peter)" <peter.huangpeng@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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|
Kirill A. Shutemov
|
36f881883c |
mm: fix mprotect() behaviour on VM_LOCKED VMAs
On mlock(2) we trigger COW on private writable VMA to avoid faults in
future.
mm/gup.c:
840 long populate_vma_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
841 unsigned long start, unsigned long end, int *nonblocking)
842 {
...
855 * We want to touch writable mappings with a write fault in order
856 * to break COW, except for shared mappings because these don't COW
857 * and we would not want to dirty them for nothing.
858 */
859 if ((vma->vm_flags & (VM_WRITE | VM_SHARED)) == VM_WRITE)
860 gup_flags |= FOLL_WRITE;
But we miss this case when we make VM_LOCKED VMA writeable via
mprotect(2). The test case:
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#define PAGE_SIZE 4096
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
struct rusage usage;
long before;
char *p;
int fd;
/* Create a file and populate first page of page cache */
fd = open("/tmp", O_TMPFILE | O_RDWR, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
write(fd, "1", 1);
/* Create a *read-only* *private* mapping of the file */
p = mmap(NULL, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
/*
* Since the mapping is read-only, mlock() will populate the mapping
* with PTEs pointing to page cache without triggering COW.
*/
mlock(p, PAGE_SIZE);
/*
* Mapping became read-write, but it's still populated with PTEs
* pointing to page cache.
*/
mprotect(p, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &usage);
before = usage.ru_minflt;
/* Trigger COW: fault in mlock()ed VMA. */
*p = 1;
getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &usage);
printf("faults: %ld\n", usage.ru_minflt - before);
return 0;
}
$ ./test
faults: 1
Let's fix it by triggering populating of VMA in mprotect_fixup() on this
condition. We don't care about population error as we don't in other
similar cases i.e. mremap.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment text]
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
||
|
Mel Gorman
|
b191f9b106 |
mm: numa: preserve PTE write permissions across a NUMA hinting fault
Protecting a PTE to trap a NUMA hinting fault clears the writable bit
and further faults are needed after trapping a NUMA hinting fault to set
the writable bit again. This patch preserves the writable bit when
trapping NUMA hinting faults. The impact is obvious from the number of
minor faults trapped during the basis balancing benchmark and the system
CPU usage;
autonumabench
4.0.0-rc4 4.0.0-rc4
baseline preserve
Time System-NUMA01 107.13 ( 0.00%) 103.13 ( 3.73%)
Time System-NUMA01_THEADLOCAL 131.87 ( 0.00%) 83.30 ( 36.83%)
Time System-NUMA02 8.95 ( 0.00%) 10.72 (-19.78%)
Time System-NUMA02_SMT 4.57 ( 0.00%) 3.99 ( 12.69%)
Time Elapsed-NUMA01 515.78 ( 0.00%) 517.26 ( -0.29%)
Time Elapsed-NUMA01_THEADLOCAL 384.10 ( 0.00%) 384.31 ( -0.05%)
Time Elapsed-NUMA02 48.86 ( 0.00%) 48.78 ( 0.16%)
Time Elapsed-NUMA02_SMT 47.98 ( 0.00%) 48.12 ( -0.29%)
4.0.0-rc4 4.0.0-rc4
baseline preserve
User 44383.95 43971.89
System 252.61 201.24
Elapsed 998.68 1000.94
Minor Faults 2597249 1981230
Major Faults 365 364
There is a similar drop in system CPU usage using Dave Chinner's xfsrepair
workload
4.0.0-rc4 4.0.0-rc4
baseline preserve
Amean real-xfsrepair 454.14 ( 0.00%) 442.36 ( 2.60%)
Amean syst-xfsrepair 277.20 ( 0.00%) 204.68 ( 26.16%)
The patch looks hacky but the alternatives looked worse. The tidest was
to rewalk the page tables after a hinting fault but it was more complex
than this approach and the performance was worse. It's not generally
safe to just mark the page writable during the fault if it's a write
fault as it may have been read-only for COW so that approach was
discarded.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reported-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Tested-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
||
|
Mel Gorman
|
10c1045f28 |
mm: numa: avoid unnecessary TLB flushes when setting NUMA hinting entries
If a PTE or PMD is already marked NUMA when scanning to mark entries for NUMA hinting then it is not necessary to update the entry and incur a TLB flush penalty. Avoid the avoidhead where possible. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Kirill Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
||
|
Mel Gorman
|
e944fd67b6 |
mm: numa: do not trap faults on the huge zero page
Faults on the huge zero page are pointless and there is a BUG_ON to catch them during fault time. This patch reintroduces a check that avoids marking the zero page PAGE_NONE. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Kirill Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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4d94246699 |
mm: convert p[te|md]_mknonnuma and remaining page table manipulations
With PROT_NONE, the traditional page table manipulation functions are sufficient. [andre.przywara@arm.com: fix compiler warning in pmdp_invalidate()] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build with STRICT_MM_TYPECHECKS] Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Kirill Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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8a0516ed8b |
mm: convert p[te|md]_numa users to p[te|md]_protnone_numa
Convert existing users of pte_numa and friends to the new helper. Note that the kernel is broken after this patch is applied until the other page table modifiers are also altered. This patch layout is to make review easier. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Acked-by: Aneesh Kumar <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Tested-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Kirill Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Kirill A. Shutemov
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0661a33611 |
mm: remove rest usage of VM_NONLINEAR and pte_file()
One bit in ->vm_flags is unused now! Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Peter Feiner
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64e455079e |
mm: softdirty: enable write notifications on VMAs after VM_SOFTDIRTY cleared
For VMAs that don't want write notifications, PTEs created for read faults
have their write bit set. If the read fault happens after VM_SOFTDIRTY is
cleared, then the PTE's softdirty bit will remain clear after subsequent
writes.
Here's a simple code snippet to demonstrate the bug:
char* m = mmap(NULL, getpagesize(), PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_SHARED, -1, 0);
system("echo 4 > /proc/$PPID/clear_refs"); /* clear VM_SOFTDIRTY */
assert(*m == '\0'); /* new PTE allows write access */
assert(!soft_dirty(x));
*m = 'x'; /* should dirty the page */
assert(soft_dirty(x)); /* fails */
With this patch, write notifications are enabled when VM_SOFTDIRTY is
cleared. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary faults, write notifications
are disabled when VM_SOFTDIRTY is set.
As a side effect of enabling and disabling write notifications with
care, this patch fixes a bug in mprotect where vm_page_prot bits set by
drivers were zapped on mprotect. An analogous bug was fixed in mmap by
commit
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Rik van Riel
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a5338093bf |
mm: move mmu notifier call from change_protection to change_pmd_range
The NUMA scanning code can end up iterating over many gigabytes of unpopulated memory, especially in the case of a freshly started KVM guest with lots of memory. This results in the mmu notifier code being called even when there are no mapped pages in a virtual address range. The amount of time wasted can be enough to trigger soft lockup warnings with very large KVM guests. This patch moves the mmu notifier call to the pmd level, which represents 1GB areas of memory on x86-64. Furthermore, the mmu notifier code is only called from the address in the PMD where present mappings are first encountered. The hugetlbfs code is left alone for now; hugetlb mappings are not relocatable, and as such are left alone by the NUMA code, and should never trigger this problem to begin with. Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reported-by: Xing Gang <gang.xing@hp.com> Tested-by: Chegu Vinod <chegu_vinod@hp.com> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Mel Gorman
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1ad9f620c3 |
mm: numa: recheck for transhuge pages under lock during protection changes
Sasha reported the following bug using trinity kernel BUG at mm/mprotect.c:149! invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC Dumping ftrace buffer: (ftrace buffer empty) Modules linked in: CPU: 20 PID: 26219 Comm: trinity-c216 Tainted: G W 3.14.0-rc5-next-20140305-sasha-00011-ge06f5f3-dirty #105 task: ffff8800b6c80000 ti: ffff880228436000 task.ti: ffff880228436000 RIP: change_protection_range+0x3b3/0x500 Call Trace: change_protection+0x25/0x30 change_prot_numa+0x1b/0x30 task_numa_work+0x279/0x360 task_work_run+0xae/0xf0 do_notify_resume+0x8e/0xe0 retint_signal+0x4d/0x92 The VM_BUG_ON was added in -mm by the patch "mm,numa: reorganize change_pmd_range". The race existed without the patch but was just harder to hit. The problem is that a transhuge check is made without holding the PTL. It's possible at the time of the check that a parallel fault clears the pmd and inserts a new one which then triggers the VM_BUG_ON check. This patch removes the VM_BUG_ON but fixes the race by rechecking transhuge under the PTL when marking page tables for NUMA hinting and bailing if a race occurred. It is not a problem for calls to mprotect() as they hold mmap_sem for write. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Rik van Riel
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88a9ab6e3d |
mm,numa: reorganize change_pmd_range()
Reorganize the order of ifs in change_pmd_range a little, in preparation for the next patch. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix indenting, per David] Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Reported-by: Xing Gang <gang.xing@hp.com> Tested-by: Chegu Vinod <chegu_vinod@hp.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> |
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Aneesh Kumar K.V
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56eecdb912 |
mm: Use ptep/pmdp_set_numa() for updating _PAGE_NUMA bit
Archs like ppc64 doesn't do tlb flush in set_pte/pmd functions when using a hash table MMU for various reasons (the flush is handled as part of the PTE modification when necessary). ppc64 thus doesn't implement flush_tlb_range for hash based MMUs. Additionally ppc64 require the tlb flushing to be batched within ptl locks. The reason to do that is to ensure that the hash page table is in sync with linux page table. We track the hpte index in linux pte and if we clear them without flushing hash and drop the ptl lock, we can have another cpu update the pte and can end up with duplicate entry in the hash table, which is fatal. We also want to keep set_pte_at simpler by not requiring them to do hash flush for performance reason. We do that by assuming that set_pte_at() is never *ever* called on a PTE that is already valid. This was the case until the NUMA code went in which broke that assumption. Fix that by introducing a new pair of helpers to set _PAGE_NUMA in a way similar to ptep/pmdp_set_wrprotect(), with a generic implementation using set_pte_at() and a powerpc specific one using the appropriate mechanism needed to keep the hash table in sync. Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> |
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Aneesh Kumar K.V
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9d85d5863f |
mm: Dirty accountable change only apply to non prot numa case
So move it within the if loop Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> |