Commit 9f1b868a13 ("mm: thp: khugepaged: add policy for finding target
node") improved the previous khugepaged logic which allocated a
transparent hugepages from the node of the first page being collapsed.
However, it is still possible to collapse pages to remote memory which
may suffer from additional access latency. With the current policy, it
is possible that 255 pages (with PAGE_SHIFT == 12) will be collapsed
remotely if the majority are allocated from that node.
When zone_reclaim_mode is enabled, it means the VM should make every
attempt to allocate locally to prevent NUMA performance degradation. In
this case, we do not want to collapse hugepages to remote nodes that
would suffer from increased access latency. Thus, when
zone_reclaim_mode is enabled, only allow collapsing to nodes with
RECLAIM_DISTANCE or less.
There is no functional change for systems that disable
zone_reclaim_mode.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Transparent huge page charges prefer falling back to regular pages
rather than spending a lot of time in direct reclaim.
Desired reclaim behavior is usually declared in the gfp mask, but THP
charges use GFP_KERNEL and then rely on the fact that OOM is disabled
for THP charges, and that OOM-disabled charges don't retry reclaim.
Needless to say, this is anything but obvious and quite error prone.
Convert THP charges to use GFP_TRANSHUGE instead, which implies
__GFP_NORETRY, to indicate the low-latency requirement.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In some architectures like x86, atomic_add() is a full memory barrier.
In that case, an additional smp_mb() is just a waste of time. This
patch replaces that smp_mb() by smp_mb__after_atomic() which will avoid
the redundant memory barrier in some architectures.
With a 3.16-rc1 based kernel, this patch reduced the execution time of
breaking 1000 transparent huge pages from 38,245us to 30,964us. A
reduction of 19% which is quite sizeable. It also reduces the %cpu time
of the __split_huge_page_refcount function in the perf profile from
2.18% to 1.15%.
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <Waiman.Long@hp.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Scott J Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In __split_huge_page_map(), the check for page_mapcount(page) is
invariant within the for loop. Because of the fact that the macro is
implemented using atomic_read(), the redundant check cannot be optimized
away by the compiler leading to unnecessary read to the page structure.
This patch moves the invariant bug check out of the loop so that it will
be done only once. On a 3.16-rc1 based kernel, the execution time of a
microbenchmark that broke up 1000 transparent huge pages using munmap()
had an execution time of 38,245us and 38,548us with and without the
patch respectively. The performance gain is about 1%.
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <Waiman.Long@hp.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Scott J Norton <scott.norton@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Trinity has reported:
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000018
IP: __lock_acquire (kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3070 (discriminator 1))
CPU: 6 PID: 16173 Comm: trinity-c364 Tainted: G W
3.15.0-rc1-next-20140415-sasha-00020-gaa90d09 #398
lock_acquire (arch/x86/include/asm/current.h:14
kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3602)
_raw_spin_lock (include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:143
kernel/locking/spinlock.c:151)
remove_migration_pte (mm/migrate.c:137)
rmap_walk (mm/rmap.c:1628 mm/rmap.c:1699)
remove_migration_ptes (mm/migrate.c:224)
migrate_pages (mm/migrate.c:922 mm/migrate.c:960 mm/migrate.c:1126)
migrate_misplaced_page (mm/migrate.c:1733)
__handle_mm_fault (mm/memory.c:3762 mm/memory.c:3812 mm/memory.c:3925)
handle_mm_fault (mm/memory.c:3948)
__get_user_pages (mm/memory.c:1851)
__mlock_vma_pages_range (mm/mlock.c:255)
__mm_populate (mm/mlock.c:711)
SyS_mlockall (include/linux/mm.h:1799 mm/mlock.c:817 mm/mlock.c:791)
I believe this comes about because, whereas collapsing and splitting THP
functions take anon_vma lock in write mode (which excludes concurrent
rmap walks), faulting THP functions (write protection and misplaced
NUMA) do not - and mostly they do not need to.
But they do use a pmdp_clear_flush(), set_pmd_at() sequence which, for
an instant (indeed, for a long instant, given the inter-CPU TLB flush in
there), leaves *pmd neither present not trans_huge.
Which can confuse a concurrent rmap walk, as when removing migration
ptes, seen in the dumped trace. Although that rmap walk has a 4k page
to insert, anon_vmas containing THPs are in no way segregated from
4k-page anon_vmas, so the 4k-intent mm_find_pmd() does need to cope with
that instant when a trans_huge pmd is temporarily absent.
I don't think we need strengthen the locking at the THP end: it's easily
handled with an ACCESS_ONCE() before testing both conditions.
And since mm_find_pmd() had only one caller who wanted a THP rather than
a pmd, let's slightly repurpose it to fail when it hits a THP or
non-present pmd, and open code split_huge_page_address() again.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Trinity has for over a year been reporting a CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC oops
in copy_page_rep() called from copy_user_huge_page() called from
do_huge_pmd_wp_page().
I believe this is a DEBUG_PAGEALLOC false positive, due to the source
page being split, and a tail page freed, while copy is in progress; and
not a problem without DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, since the pmd_same() check will
prevent a miscopy from being made visible.
Fix by adding get_user_huge_page() and put_user_huge_page(): reducing to
the usual get_page() and put_page() on head page in the usual config;
but get and put references to all of the tail pages when
DEBUG_PAGEALLOC.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It was using a mix of pr_foo() and printk(KERN_ERR ...).
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It doesn't make sense to have two assert checks for each invariant: one
for printing and one for BUG().
Let's trigger BUG() if we print error message.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Sasha Levin has reported two THP BUGs[1][2]. I believe both of them
have the same root cause. Let's look to them one by one.
The first bug[1] is "kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1829!". It's
BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page)) in __split_huge_page(). From my
testing I see that page_mapcount() is higher than mapcount here.
I think it happens due to race between zap_huge_pmd() and
page_check_address_pmd(). page_check_address_pmd() misses PMD which is
under zap:
CPU0 CPU1
zap_huge_pmd()
pmdp_get_and_clear()
__split_huge_page()
anon_vma_interval_tree_foreach()
__split_huge_page_splitting()
page_check_address_pmd()
mm_find_pmd()
/*
* We check if PMD present without taking ptl: no
* serialization against zap_huge_pmd(). We miss this PMD,
* it's not accounted to 'mapcount' in __split_huge_page().
*/
pmd_present(pmd) == 0
BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page)) // CRASH!!!
page_remove_rmap(page)
atomic_add_negative(-1, &page->_mapcount)
The second bug[2] is "kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1371!".
It's VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageHead(page), page) in zap_huge_pmd().
This happens in similar way:
CPU0 CPU1
zap_huge_pmd()
pmdp_get_and_clear()
page_remove_rmap(page)
atomic_add_negative(-1, &page->_mapcount)
__split_huge_page()
anon_vma_interval_tree_foreach()
__split_huge_page_splitting()
page_check_address_pmd()
mm_find_pmd()
pmd_present(pmd) == 0 /* The same comment as above */
/*
* No crash this time since we already decremented page->_mapcount in
* zap_huge_pmd().
*/
BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
/*
* We split the compound page here into small pages without
* serialization against zap_huge_pmd()
*/
__split_huge_page_refcount()
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageHead(page), page); // CRASH!!!
So my understanding the problem is pmd_present() check in mm_find_pmd()
without taking page table lock.
The bug was introduced by me commit with commit 117b0791ac. Sorry for
that. :(
Let's open code mm_find_pmd() in page_check_address_pmd() and do the
check under page table lock.
Note that __page_check_address() does the same for PTE entires
if sync != 0.
I've stress tested split and zap code paths for 36+ hours by now and
don't see crashes with the patch applied. Before it took <20 min to
trigger the first bug and few hours for second one (if we ignore
first).
[1] https://lkml.kernel.org/g/<53440991.9090001@oracle.com>
[2] https://lkml.kernel.org/g/<5310C56C.60709@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.13+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mem_cgroup_newpage_charge is used only for charging anonymous memory so
it is better to rename it to mem_cgroup_charge_anon.
mem_cgroup_cache_charge is used for file backed memory so rename it to
mem_cgroup_charge_file.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The main motivation behind this patch is to provide a way to disable THP
for jobs where the code cannot be modified, and using a malloc hook with
madvise is not an option (i.e. statically allocated data). This patch
allows us to do just that, without affecting other jobs running on the
system.
We need to do this sort of thing for jobs where THP hurts performance,
due to the possibility of increased remote memory accesses that can be
created by situations such as the following:
When you touch 1 byte of an untouched, contiguous 2MB chunk, a THP will
be handed out, and the THP will be stuck on whatever node the chunk was
originally referenced from. If many remote nodes need to do work on
that same chunk, they'll be making remote accesses.
With THP disabled, 4K pages can be handed out to separate nodes as
they're needed, greatly reducing the amount of remote accesses to
memory.
This patch is based on some of my work combined with some
suggestions/patches given by Oleg Nesterov. The main goal here is to
add a prctl switch to allow us to disable to THP on a per mm_struct
basis.
Here's a bit of test data with the new patch in place...
First with the flag unset:
# perf stat -a ./prctl_wrapper_mmv3 0 ./thp_pthread -C 0 -m 0 -c 512 -b 256g
Setting thp_disabled for this task...
thp_disable: 0
Set thp_disabled state to 0
Process pid = 18027
PF/
MAX MIN TOTCPU/ TOT_PF/ TOT_PF/ WSEC/
TYPE: CPUS WALL WALL SYS USER TOTCPU CPU WALL_SEC SYS_SEC CPU NODES
512 1.120 0.060 0.000 0.110 0.110 0.000 28571428864 -9223372036854775808 55803572 23
Performance counter stats for './prctl_wrapper_mmv3_hack 0 ./thp_pthread -C 0 -m 0 -c 512 -b 256g':
273719072.841402 task-clock # 641.026 CPUs utilized [100.00%]
1,008,986 context-switches # 0.000 M/sec [100.00%]
7,717 CPU-migrations # 0.000 M/sec [100.00%]
1,698,932 page-faults # 0.000 M/sec
355,222,544,890,379 cycles # 1.298 GHz [100.00%]
536,445,412,234,588 stalled-cycles-frontend # 151.02% frontend cycles idle [100.00%]
409,110,531,310,223 stalled-cycles-backend # 115.17% backend cycles idle [100.00%]
148,286,797,266,411 instructions # 0.42 insns per cycle
# 3.62 stalled cycles per insn [100.00%]
27,061,793,159,503 branches # 98.867 M/sec [100.00%]
1,188,655,196 branch-misses # 0.00% of all branches
427.001706337 seconds time elapsed
Now with the flag set:
# perf stat -a ./prctl_wrapper_mmv3 1 ./thp_pthread -C 0 -m 0 -c 512 -b 256g
Setting thp_disabled for this task...
thp_disable: 1
Set thp_disabled state to 1
Process pid = 144957
PF/
MAX MIN TOTCPU/ TOT_PF/ TOT_PF/ WSEC/
TYPE: CPUS WALL WALL SYS USER TOTCPU CPU WALL_SEC SYS_SEC CPU NODES
512 0.620 0.260 0.250 0.320 0.570 0.001 51612901376 128000000000 100806448 23
Performance counter stats for './prctl_wrapper_mmv3_hack 1 ./thp_pthread -C 0 -m 0 -c 512 -b 256g':
138789390.540183 task-clock # 641.959 CPUs utilized [100.00%]
534,205 context-switches # 0.000 M/sec [100.00%]
4,595 CPU-migrations # 0.000 M/sec [100.00%]
63,133,119 page-faults # 0.000 M/sec
147,977,747,269,768 cycles # 1.066 GHz [100.00%]
200,524,196,493,108 stalled-cycles-frontend # 135.51% frontend cycles idle [100.00%]
105,175,163,716,388 stalled-cycles-backend # 71.07% backend cycles idle [100.00%]
180,916,213,503,160 instructions # 1.22 insns per cycle
# 1.11 stalled cycles per insn [100.00%]
26,999,511,005,868 branches # 194.536 M/sec [100.00%]
714,066,351 branch-misses # 0.00% of all branches
216.196778807 seconds time elapsed
As with previous versions of the patch, We're getting about a 2x
performance increase here. Here's a link to the test case I used, along
with the little wrapper to activate the flag:
http://oss.sgi.com/projects/memtests/thp_pthread_mmprctlv3.tar.gz
This patch (of 3):
Revert commit 8e72033f2a and add in code to fix up any issues caused
by the revert.
The revert is necessary because hugepage_madvise would return -EINVAL
when VM_NOHUGEPAGE is set, which will break subsequent chunks of this
patch set.
Here's a snip of an e-mail from Gerald detailing the original purpose of
this code, and providing justification for the revert:
"The intent of commit 8e72033f2a was to guard against any future
programming errors that may result in an madvice(MADV_HUGEPAGE) on
guest mappings, which would crash the kernel.
Martin suggested adding the bit to arch/s390/mm/pgtable.c, if
8e72033f2a was to be reverted, because that check will also prevent
a kernel crash in the case described above, it will now send a
SIGSEGV instead.
This would now also allow to do the madvise on other parts, if
needed, so it is a more flexible approach. One could also say that
it would have been better to do it this way right from the
beginning..."
Signed-off-by: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Suggested-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I've realized that there's no need for do_huge_pmd_wp_zero_page_fallback().
We can just split zero page with split_huge_page_pmd() and return
VM_FAULT_FALLBACK. handle_pte_fault() will handle write-protection
fault for us.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Daniel Borkmann reported a VM_BUG_ON assertion failing:
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at mm/mlock.c:528!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
Modules linked in: ccm arc4 iwldvm [...]
video
CPU: 3 PID: 2266 Comm: netsniff-ng Not tainted 3.14.0-rc2+ #8
Hardware name: LENOVO 2429BP3/2429BP3, BIOS G4ET37WW (1.12 ) 05/29/2012
task: ffff8801f87f9820 ti: ffff88002cb44000 task.ti: ffff88002cb44000
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff81171ad0>] [<ffffffff81171ad0>] munlock_vma_pages_range+0x2e0/0x2f0
Call Trace:
do_munmap+0x18f/0x3b0
vm_munmap+0x41/0x60
SyS_munmap+0x22/0x30
system_call_fastpath+0x1a/0x1f
RIP munlock_vma_pages_range+0x2e0/0x2f0
---[ end trace a0088dcf07ae10f2 ]---
because munlock_vma_pages_range() thinks it's unexpectedly in the middle
of a THP page. This can be reproduced with default config since 3.11
kernels. A reproducer can be found in the kernel's selftest directory
for networking by running ./psock_tpacket.
The problem is that an order=2 compound page (allocated by
alloc_one_pg_vec_page() is part of the munlocked VM_MIXEDMAP vma (mapped
by packet_mmap()) and mistaken for a THP page and assumed to be order=9.
The checks for THP in munlock came with commit ff6a6da60b ("mm:
accelerate munlock() treatment of THP pages"), i.e. since 3.9, but did
not trigger a bug. It just makes munlock_vma_pages_range() skip such
compound pages until the next 512-pages-aligned page, when it encounters
a head page. This is however not a problem for vma's where mlocking has
no effect anyway, but it can distort the accounting.
Since commit 7225522bb4 ("mm: munlock: batch non-THP page isolation
and munlock+putback using pagevec") this can trigger a VM_BUG_ON in
PageTransHuge() check.
This patch fixes the issue by adding VM_MIXEDMAP flag to VM_SPECIAL, a
list of flags that make vma's non-mlockable and non-mergeable. The
reasoning is that VM_MIXEDMAP vma's are similar to VM_PFNMAP, which is
already on the VM_SPECIAL list, and both are intended for non-LRU pages
where mlocking makes no sense anyway. Related Lkml discussion can be
found in [2].
[1] tools/testing/selftests/net/psock_tpacket
[2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/1/10/427
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Hellstrom <thellstrom@vmware.com>
Cc: John David Anglin <dave.anglin@bell.net>
Cc: HATAYAMA Daisuke <d.hatayama@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Jared Hulbert <jaredeh@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.11.x+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Masayoshi Mizuma reported a bug with the hang of an application under
the memcg limit. It happens on write-protection fault to huge zero page
If we successfully allocate a huge page to replace zero page but hit the
memcg limit we need to split the zero page with split_huge_page_pmd()
and fallback to small pages.
The other part of the problem is that VM_FAULT_OOM has special meaning
in do_huge_pmd_wp_page() context. __handle_mm_fault() expects the page
to be split if it sees VM_FAULT_OOM and it will will retry page fault
handling. This causes an infinite loop if the page was not split.
do_huge_pmd_wp_zero_page_fallback() can return VM_FAULT_OOM if it failed
to allocate one small page, so fallback to small pages will not help.
The solution for this part is to replace VM_FAULT_OOM with
VM_FAULT_FALLBACK is fallback required.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Archs like ppc64 doesn't do tlb flush in set_pte/pmd functions when using
a hash table MMU for various reasons (the flush is handled as part of
the PTE modification when necessary).
ppc64 thus doesn't implement flush_tlb_range for hash based MMUs.
Additionally ppc64 require the tlb flushing to be batched within ptl locks.
The reason to do that is to ensure that the hash page table is in sync with
linux page table.
We track the hpte index in linux pte and if we clear them without flushing
hash and drop the ptl lock, we can have another cpu update the pte and can
end up with duplicate entry in the hash table, which is fatal.
We also want to keep set_pte_at simpler by not requiring them to do hash
flush for performance reason. We do that by assuming that set_pte_at() is
never *ever* called on a PTE that is already valid.
This was the case until the NUMA code went in which broke that assumption.
Fix that by introducing a new pair of helpers to set _PAGE_NUMA in a
way similar to ptep/pmdp_set_wrprotect(), with a generic implementation
using set_pte_at() and a powerpc specific one using the appropriate
mechanism needed to keep the hash table in sync.
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Pull powerpc mremap fix from Ben Herrenschmidt:
"This is the patch that I had sent after -rc8 and which we decided to
wait before merging. It's based on a different tree than my -next
branch (it needs some pre-reqs that were in -rc4 or so while my -next
is based on -rc1) so I left it as a separate branch for your to pull.
It's identical to the request I did 2 or 3 weeks back.
This fixes crashes in mremap with THP on powerpc.
The fix however requires a small change in the generic code. It moves
a condition into a helper we can override from the arch which is
harmless, but it *also* slightly changes the order of the set_pmd and
the withdraw & deposit, which should be fine according to Kirill (who
wrote that code) but I agree -rc8 is a bit late...
It was acked by Kirill and Andrew told me to just merge it via powerpc"
* 'merge' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/benh/powerpc:
powerpc/thp: Fix crash on mremap
Code that is obj-y (always built-in) or dependent on a bool Kconfig
(built-in or absent) can never be modular. So using module_init as an
alias for __initcall can be somewhat misleading.
Fix these up now, so that we can relocate module_init from init.h into
module.h in the future. If we don't do this, we'd have to add module.h
to obviously non-modular code, and that would be a worse thing.
The audit targets the following module_init users for change:
mm/ksm.c bool KSM
mm/mmap.c bool MMU
mm/huge_memory.c bool TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
mm/mmu_notifier.c bool MMU_NOTIFIER
Note that direct use of __initcall is discouraged, vs. one of the
priority categorized subgroups. As __initcall gets mapped onto
device_initcall, our use of subsys_initcall (which makes sense for these
files) will thus change this registration from level 6-device to level
4-subsys (i.e. slightly earlier).
However no observable impact of that difference has been observed during
testing.
One might think that core_initcall (l2) or postcore_initcall (l3) would
be more appropriate for anything in mm/ but if we look at some actual
init functions themselves, we see things like:
mm/huge_memory.c --> hugepage_init --> hugepage_init_sysfs
mm/mmap.c --> init_user_reserve --> sysctl_user_reserve_kbytes
mm/ksm.c --> ksm_init --> sysfs_create_group
and hence the choice of subsys_initcall (l4) seems reasonable, and at
the same time minimizes the risk of changing the priority too
drastically all at once. We can adjust further in the future.
Also, several instances of missing ";" at EOL are fixed.
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
min_free_kbytes may be raised during THP's initialization. Sometimes,
this will change the value which was set by the user. Showing this
message will clarify this confusion.
Only show this message when changing a value which was set by the user
according to Michal Hocko's suggestion.
Show the old value of min_free_kbytes according to Dave Hansen's
suggestion. This will give user the chance to restore old value of
min_free_kbytes.
Signed-off-by: Han Pingtian <hanpt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Most of the VM_BUG_ON assertions are performed on a page. Usually, when
one of these assertions fails we'll get a BUG_ON with a call stack and
the registers.
I've recently noticed based on the requests to add a small piece of code
that dumps the page to various VM_BUG_ON sites that the page dump is
quite useful to people debugging issues in mm.
This patch adds a VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(cond, page) which beyond doing what
VM_BUG_ON() does, also dumps the page before executing the actual
BUG_ON.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up includes]
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add calls to the new mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() function to all
places in the VMM that need it.
Signed-off-by: Joerg Roedel <jroedel@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Cc: Jay Cornwall <Jay.Cornwall@amd.com>
Cc: Oded Gabbay <Oded.Gabbay@amd.com>
Cc: Suravee Suthikulpanit <Suravee.Suthikulpanit@amd.com>
Cc: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@amd.com>
This patch fix the below crash
NIP [c00000000004cee4] .__hash_page_thp+0x2a4/0x440
LR [c0000000000439ac] .hash_page+0x18c/0x5e0
...
Call Trace:
[c000000736103c40] [00001ffffb000000] 0x1ffffb000000(unreliable)
[437908.479693] [c000000736103d50] [c0000000000439ac] .hash_page+0x18c/0x5e0
[437908.479699] [c000000736103e30] [c00000000000924c] .do_hash_page+0x4c/0x58
On ppc64 we use the pgtable for storing the hpte slot information and
store address to the pgtable at a constant offset (PTRS_PER_PMD) from
pmd. On mremap, when we switch the pmd, we need to withdraw and deposit
the pgtable again, so that we find the pgtable at PTRS_PER_PMD offset
from new pmd.
We also want to move the withdraw and deposit before the set_pmd so
that, when page fault find the pmd as trans huge we can be sure that
pgtable can be located at the offset.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
We see General Protection Fault on RSI in copy_page_rep: that RSI is
what you get from a NULL struct page pointer.
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff81154955>] [<ffffffff81154955>] copy_page_rep+0x5/0x10
RSP: 0000:ffff880136e15c00 EFLAGS: 00010286
RAX: ffff880000000000 RBX: ffff880136e14000 RCX: 0000000000000200
RDX: 6db6db6db6db6db7 RSI: db73880000000000 RDI: ffff880dd0c00000
RBP: ffff880136e15c18 R08: 0000000000000200 R09: 000000000005987c
R10: 000000000005987c R11: 0000000000000200 R12: 0000000000000001
R13: ffffea00305aa000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000000
FS: 00007f195752f700(0000) GS:ffff880c7fc20000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000093010000 CR3: 00000001458e1000 CR4: 00000000000027e0
Call Trace:
copy_user_huge_page+0x93/0xab
do_huge_pmd_wp_page+0x710/0x815
handle_mm_fault+0x15d8/0x1d70
__do_page_fault+0x14d/0x840
do_page_fault+0x2f/0x90
page_fault+0x22/0x30
do_huge_pmd_wp_page() tests is_huge_zero_pmd(orig_pmd) four times: but
since shrink_huge_zero_page() can free the huge_zero_page, and we have
no hold of our own on it here (except where the fourth test holds
page_table_lock and has checked pmd_same), it's possible for it to
answer yes the first time, but no to the second or third test. Change
all those last three to tests for NULL page.
(Note: this is not the same issue as trinity's DEBUG_PAGEALLOC BUG
in copy_page_rep with RSI: ffff88009c422000, reported by Sasha Levin
in https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/3/29/103. I believe that one is due
to the source page being split, and a tail page freed, while copy
is in progress; and not a problem without DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, since
the pmd_same check will prevent a miscopy from being made visible.)
Fixes: 97ae17497e ("thp: implement refcounting for huge zero page")
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v3.10 v3.11 v3.12
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Sasha Levin reported the following warning being triggered
WARNING: CPU: 28 PID: 35287 at mm/huge_memory.c:887 copy_huge_pmd+0x145/ 0x3a0()
Call Trace:
copy_huge_pmd+0x145/0x3a0
copy_page_range+0x3f2/0x560
dup_mmap+0x2c9/0x3d0
dup_mm+0xad/0x150
copy_process+0xa68/0x12e0
do_fork+0x96/0x270
SyS_clone+0x16/0x20
stub_clone+0x69/0x90
This warning was introduced by "mm: numa: Avoid unnecessary disruption
of NUMA hinting during migration" for paranoia reasons but the warning
is bogus. I was thinking of parallel races between NUMA hinting faults
and forks but this warning would also be triggered by a parallel reclaim
splitting a THP during a fork. Remote the bogus warning.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
THP migration can fail for a variety of reasons. Avoid flushing the TLB
to deal with THP migration races until the copy is ready to start.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are a few subtle races, between change_protection_range (used by
mprotect and change_prot_numa) on one side, and NUMA page migration and
compaction on the other side.
The basic race is that there is a time window between when the PTE gets
made non-present (PROT_NONE or NUMA), and the TLB is flushed.
During that time, a CPU may continue writing to the page.
This is fine most of the time, however compaction or the NUMA migration
code may come in, and migrate the page away.
When that happens, the CPU may continue writing, through the cached
translation, to what is no longer the current memory location of the
process.
This only affects x86, which has a somewhat optimistic pte_accessible.
All other architectures appear to be safe, and will either always flush,
or flush whenever there is a valid mapping, even with no permissions
(SPARC).
The basic race looks like this:
CPU A CPU B CPU C
load TLB entry
make entry PTE/PMD_NUMA
fault on entry
read/write old page
start migrating page
change PTE/PMD to new page
read/write old page [*]
flush TLB
reload TLB from new entry
read/write new page
lose data
[*] the old page may belong to a new user at this point!
The obvious fix is to flush remote TLB entries, by making sure that
pte_accessible aware of the fact that PROT_NONE and PROT_NUMA memory may
still be accessible if there is a TLB flush pending for the mm.
This should fix both NUMA migration and compaction.
[mgorman@suse.de: fix build]
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
do_huge_pmd_numa_page() handles the case where there is parallel THP
migration. However, by the time it is checked the NUMA hinting
information has already been disrupted. This patch adds an earlier
check with some helpers.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On a protection change it is no longer clear if the page should be still
accessible. This patch clears the NUMA hinting fault bits on a
protection change.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The anon_vma lock prevents parallel THP splits and any associated
complexity that arises when handling splits during THP migration. This
patch checks if the lock was successfully acquired and bails from THP
migration if it failed for any reason.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If the PMD is flushed then a parallel fault in handle_mm_fault() will
enter the pmd_none and do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page() path where it'll
attempt to insert a huge zero page. This is wasteful so the patch
avoids clearing the PMD when setting pmd_numa.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Base pages are unmapped and flushed from cache and TLB during normal
page migration and replaced with a migration entry that causes any
parallel NUMA hinting fault or gup to block until migration completes.
THP does not unmap pages due to a lack of support for migration entries
at a PMD level. This allows races with get_user_pages and
get_user_pages_fast which commit 3f926ab945 ("mm: Close races between
THP migration and PMD numa clearing") made worse by introducing a
pmd_clear_flush().
This patch forces get_user_page (fast and normal) on a pmd_numa page to
go through the slow get_user_page path where it will serialise against
THP migration and properly account for the NUMA hinting fault. On the
migration side the page table lock is taken for each PTE update.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andrey Wagin reported crash on VM_BUG_ON() in pgtable_pmd_page_dtor() with
fallowing backtrace:
free_pgd_range+0x2bf/0x410
free_pgtables+0xce/0x120
unmap_region+0xe0/0x120
do_munmap+0x249/0x360
move_vma+0x144/0x270
SyS_mremap+0x3b9/0x510
system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
The crash can be reproduce with this test case:
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MB (1024 * 1024UL)
#define GB (1024 * MB)
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *p;
int i;
p = mmap((void *) GB, 10 * MB, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_FIXED, -1, 0);
for (i = 0; i < 10 * MB; i += 4096)
p[i] = 1;
mremap(p, 10 * MB, 10 * MB, MREMAP_FIXED | MREMAP_MAYMOVE, 2 * GB);
return 0;
}
Due to split PMD lock, we now store preallocated PTE tables for THP
pages per-PMD table. It means we need to move them to other PMD table
if huge PMD moved there.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Tested-by: Andrey Vagin <avagin@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With split ptlock it's important to know which lock
pmd_trans_huge_lock() took. This patch adds one more parameter to the
function to return the lock.
In most places migration to new api is trivial. Exception is
move_huge_pmd(): we need to take two locks if pmd tables are different.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Alex Thorlton <athorlton@sgi.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "Eric W . Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: "Paul E . McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Robin Holt <robinmholt@gmail.com>
Cc: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Khugepaged will scan/free HPAGE_PMD_NR normal pages and replace with a
hugepage which is allocated from the node of the first scanned normal
page, but this policy is too rough and may end with unexpected result to
upper users.
The problem is the original page-balancing among all nodes will be
broken after hugepaged started. Thinking about the case if the first
scanned normal page is allocated from node A, most of other scanned
normal pages are allocated from node B or C.. But hugepaged will always
allocate hugepage from node A which will cause extra memory pressure on
node A which is not the situation before khugepaged started.
This patch try to fix this problem by making khugepaged allocate
hugepage from the node which have max record of scaned normal pages hit,
so that the effect to original page-balancing can be minimized.
The other problem is if normal scanned pages are equally allocated from
Node A,B and C, after khugepaged started Node A will still suffer extra
memory pressure.
Andrew Davidoff reported a related issue several days ago. He wanted
his application interleaving among all nodes and "numactl
--interleave=all ./test" was used to run the testcase, but the result
wasn't not as expected.
cat /proc/2814/numa_maps:
7f50bd440000 interleave:0-3 anon=51403 dirty=51403 N0=435 N1=435 N2=435 N3=50098
The end result showed that most pages are from Node3 instead of
interleave among node0-3 which was unreasonable.
This patch also fix this issue by allocating hugepage round robin from
all nodes have the same record, after this patch the result was as
expected:
7f78399c0000 interleave:0-3 anon=51403 dirty=51403 N0=12723 N1=12723 N2=13235 N3=12722
The simple testcase is like this:
int main() {
char *p;
int i;
int j;
for (i=0; i < 200; i++) {
p = (char *)malloc(1048576);
printf("malloc done\n");
if (p == 0) {
printf("Out of memory\n");
return 1;
}
for (j=0; j < 1048576; j++) {
p[j] = 'A';
}
printf("touched memory\n");
sleep(1);
}
printf("enter sleep\n");
while(1) {
sleep(100);
}
}
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make last_khugepaged_target_node local to khugepaged_find_target_node()]
Reported-by: Andrew Davidoff <davidoff@qedmf.net>
Tested-by: Andrew Davidoff <davidoff@qedmf.net>
Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move alloc_hugepage() to a better place, no need for a seperate #ifndef
CONFIG_NUMA
Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Andrew Davidoff <davidoff@qedmf.net>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since commit 13ece886d9 ("thp: transparent hugepage config choice"),
transparent hugepage support is disabled by default, and
TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS is configured when TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE=y.
And since commit d39d33c332 ("thp: enable direct defrag"), defrag is
enable for all transparent hugepage page faults by default, not only in
MADV_HUGEPAGE regions.
Signed-off-by: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Resolve cherry-picking conflicts:
Conflicts:
mm/huge_memory.c
mm/memory.c
mm/mprotect.c
See this upstream merge commit for more details:
52469b4fcd Merge branch 'core-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
THP migration uses the page lock to guard against parallel allocations
but there are cases like this still open
Task A Task B
--------------------- ---------------------
do_huge_pmd_numa_page do_huge_pmd_numa_page
lock_page
mpol_misplaced == -1
unlock_page
goto clear_pmdnuma
lock_page
mpol_misplaced == 2
migrate_misplaced_transhuge
pmd = pmd_mknonnuma
set_pmd_at
During hours of testing, one crashed with weird errors and while I have
no direct evidence, I suspect something like the race above happened.
This patch extends the page lock to being held until the pmd_numa is
cleared to prevent migration starting in parallel while the pmd_numa is
being cleared. It also flushes the old pmd entry and orders pagetable
insertion before rmap insertion.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-9-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
There are three callers of task_numa_fault():
- do_huge_pmd_numa_page():
Accounts against the current node, not the node where the
page resides, unless we migrated, in which case it accounts
against the node we migrated to.
- do_numa_page():
Accounts against the current node, not the node where the
page resides, unless we migrated, in which case it accounts
against the node we migrated to.
- do_pmd_numa_page():
Accounts not at all when the page isn't migrated, otherwise
accounts against the node we migrated towards.
This seems wrong to me; all three sites should have the same
sementaics, furthermore we should accounts against where the page
really is, we already know where the task is.
So modify all three sites to always account; we did after all receive
the fault; and always account to where the page is after migration,
regardless of success.
They all still differ on when they clear the PTE/PMD; ideally that
would get sorted too.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-8-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
THP migrations are serialised by the page lock but on its own that does
not prevent THP splits. If the page is split during THP migration then
the pmd_same checks will prevent page table corruption but the unlock page
and other fix-ups potentially will cause corruption. This patch takes the
anon_vma lock to prevent parallel splits during migration.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-7-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The locking for migrating THP is unusual. While normal page migration
prevents parallel accesses using a migration PTE, THP migration relies on
a combination of the page_table_lock, the page lock and the existance of
the NUMA hinting PTE to guarantee safety but there is a bug in the scheme.
If a THP page is currently being migrated and another thread traps a
fault on the same page it checks if the page is misplaced. If it is not,
then pmd_numa is cleared. The problem is that it checks if the page is
misplaced without holding the page lock meaning that the racing thread
can be migrating the THP when the second thread clears the NUMA bit
and faults a stale page.
This patch checks if the page is potentially being migrated and stalls
using the lock_page if it is potentially being migrated before checking
if the page is misplaced or not.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-6-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
If another task handled a hinting fault in parallel then do not double
account for it.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-5-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Occasionally we hit the BUG_ON(pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) at the end of
__split_huge_page_pmd(): seen when doing madvise(,,MADV_DONTNEED).
It's invalid: we don't always have down_write of mmap_sem there: a racing
do_huge_pmd_wp_page() might have copied-on-write to another huge page
before our split_huge_page() got the anon_vma lock.
Forget the BUG_ON, just go back and try again if this happens.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Adjust numa_scan_period in task_numa_placement, depending on how much
useful work the numa code can do. The more local faults there are in a
given scan window the longer the period (and hence the slower the scan rate)
during the next window. If there are excessive shared faults then the scan
period will decrease with the amount of scaling depending on whether the
ratio of shared/private faults. If the preferred node changes then the
scan rate is reset to recheck if the task is properly placed.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-59-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
And here's a little something to make sure not the whole world ends up
in a single group.
As while we don't migrate shared executable pages, we do scan/fault on
them. And since everybody links to libc, everybody ends up in the same
group.
Suggested-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-47-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Change the per page last fault tracking to use cpu,pid instead of
nid,pid. This will allow us to try and lookup the alternate task more
easily. Note that even though it is the cpu that is store in the page
flags that the mpol_misplaced decision is still based on the node.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-43-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
[ Fixed build failure on 32-bit systems. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Ideally it would be possible to distinguish between NUMA hinting faults that
are private to a task and those that are shared. If treated identically
there is a risk that shared pages bounce between nodes depending on
the order they are referenced by tasks. Ultimately what is desirable is
that task private pages remain local to the task while shared pages are
interleaved between sharing tasks running on different nodes to give good
average performance. This is further complicated by THP as even
applications that partition their data may not be partitioning on a huge
page boundary.
To start with, this patch assumes that multi-threaded or multi-process
applications partition their data and that in general the private accesses
are more important for cpu->memory locality in the general case. Also,
no new infrastructure is required to treat private pages properly but
interleaving for shared pages requires additional infrastructure.
To detect private accesses the pid of the last accessing task is required
but the storage requirements are a high. This patch borrows heavily from
Ingo Molnar's patch "numa, mm, sched: Implement last-CPU+PID hash tracking"
to encode some bits from the last accessing task in the page flags as
well as the node information. Collisions will occur but it is better than
just depending on the node information. Node information is then used to
determine if a page needs to migrate. The PID information is used to detect
private/shared accesses. The preferred NUMA node is selected based on where
the maximum number of approximately private faults were measured. Shared
faults are not taken into consideration for a few reasons.
First, if there are many tasks sharing the page then they'll all move
towards the same node. The node will be compute overloaded and then
scheduled away later only to bounce back again. Alternatively the shared
tasks would just bounce around nodes because the fault information is
effectively noise. Either way accounting for shared faults the same as
private faults can result in lower performance overall.
The second reason is based on a hypothetical workload that has a small
number of very important, heavily accessed private pages but a large shared
array. The shared array would dominate the number of faults and be selected
as a preferred node even though it's the wrong decision.
The third reason is that multiple threads in a process will race each
other to fault the shared page making the fault information unreliable.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
[ Fix complication error when !NUMA_BALANCING. ]
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-30-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Currently automatic NUMA balancing is unable to distinguish between false
shared versus private pages except by ignoring pages with an elevated
page_mapcount entirely. This avoids shared pages bouncing between the
nodes whose task is using them but that is ignored quite a lot of data.
This patch kicks away the training wheels in preparation for adding support
for identifying shared/private pages is now in place. The ordering is so
that the impact of the shared/private detection can be easily measured. Note
that the patch does not migrate shared, file-backed within vmas marked
VM_EXEC as these are generally shared library pages. Migrating such pages
is not beneficial as there is an expectation they are read-shared between
caches and iTLB and iCache pressure is generally low.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-28-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Ideally it would be possible to distinguish between NUMA hinting faults
that are private to a task and those that are shared. This patch prepares
infrastructure for separately accounting shared and private faults by
allocating the necessary buffers and passing in relevant information. For
now, all faults are treated as private and detection will be introduced
later.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-26-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The zero page is not replicated between nodes and is often shared between
processes. The data is read-only and likely to be cached in local CPUs
if heavily accessed meaning that the remote memory access cost is less
of a concern. This patch prevents trapping faults on the zero pages. For
tasks using the zero page this will reduce the number of PTE updates,
TLB flushes and hinting faults.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ Correct use of is_huge_zero_page]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-13-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
NUMA PTE scanning is expensive both in terms of the scanning itself and
the TLB flush if there are any updates. The TLB flush is avoided if no
PTEs are updated but there is a bug where transhuge PMDs are considered
to be updated even if they were already pmd_numa. This patch addresses
the problem and TLB flushes should be reduced.
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-12-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
THP migration uses the page lock to guard against parallel allocations
but there are cases like this still open
Task A Task B
--------------------- ---------------------
do_huge_pmd_numa_page do_huge_pmd_numa_page
lock_page
mpol_misplaced == -1
unlock_page
goto clear_pmdnuma
lock_page
mpol_misplaced == 2
migrate_misplaced_transhuge
pmd = pmd_mknonnuma
set_pmd_at
During hours of testing, one crashed with weird errors and while I have
no direct evidence, I suspect something like the race above happened.
This patch extends the page lock to being held until the pmd_numa is
cleared to prevent migration starting in parallel while the pmd_numa is
being cleared. It also flushes the old pmd entry and orders pagetable
insertion before rmap insertion.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-9-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
There are three callers of task_numa_fault():
- do_huge_pmd_numa_page():
Accounts against the current node, not the node where the
page resides, unless we migrated, in which case it accounts
against the node we migrated to.
- do_numa_page():
Accounts against the current node, not the node where the
page resides, unless we migrated, in which case it accounts
against the node we migrated to.
- do_pmd_numa_page():
Accounts not at all when the page isn't migrated, otherwise
accounts against the node we migrated towards.
This seems wrong to me; all three sites should have the same
sementaics, furthermore we should accounts against where the page
really is, we already know where the task is.
So modify all three sites to always account; we did after all receive
the fault; and always account to where the page is after migration,
regardless of success.
They all still differ on when they clear the PTE/PMD; ideally that
would get sorted too.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-8-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
THP migrations are serialised by the page lock but on its own that does
not prevent THP splits. If the page is split during THP migration then
the pmd_same checks will prevent page table corruption but the unlock page
and other fix-ups potentially will cause corruption. This patch takes the
anon_vma lock to prevent parallel splits during migration.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-7-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The locking for migrating THP is unusual. While normal page migration
prevents parallel accesses using a migration PTE, THP migration relies on
a combination of the page_table_lock, the page lock and the existance of
the NUMA hinting PTE to guarantee safety but there is a bug in the scheme.
If a THP page is currently being migrated and another thread traps a
fault on the same page it checks if the page is misplaced. If it is not,
then pmd_numa is cleared. The problem is that it checks if the page is
misplaced without holding the page lock meaning that the racing thread
can be migrating the THP when the second thread clears the NUMA bit
and faults a stale page.
This patch checks if the page is potentially being migrated and stalls
using the lock_page if it is potentially being migrated before checking
if the page is misplaced or not.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-6-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
If another task handled a hinting fault in parallel then do not double
account for it.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-5-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Fix a 80 column violation and a PTE vs PMD reference.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1381141781-10992-4-git-send-email-mgorman@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Merge more patches from Andrew Morton:
"The rest of MM. Plus one misc cleanup"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (35 commits)
mm/Kconfig: add MMU dependency for MIGRATION.
kernel: replace strict_strto*() with kstrto*()
mm, thp: count thp_fault_fallback anytime thp fault fails
thp: consolidate code between handle_mm_fault() and do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page()
thp: do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page() cleanup
thp: move maybe_pmd_mkwrite() out of mk_huge_pmd()
mm: cleanup add_to_page_cache_locked()
thp: account anon transparent huge pages into NR_ANON_PAGES
truncate: drop 'oldsize' truncate_pagecache() parameter
mm: make lru_add_drain_all() selective
memcg: document cgroup dirty/writeback memory statistics
memcg: add per cgroup writeback pages accounting
memcg: check for proper lock held in mem_cgroup_update_page_stat
memcg: remove MEMCG_NR_FILE_MAPPED
memcg: reduce function dereference
memcg: avoid overflow caused by PAGE_ALIGN
memcg: rename RESOURCE_MAX to RES_COUNTER_MAX
memcg: correct RESOURCE_MAX to ULLONG_MAX
mm: memcg: do not trap chargers with full callstack on OOM
mm: memcg: rework and document OOM waiting and wakeup
...
Currently, thp_fault_fallback in vmstat only gets incremented if a
hugepage allocation fails. If current's memcg hits its limit or the page
fault handler returns an error, it is incorrectly accounted as a
successful thp_fault_alloc.
Count thp_fault_fallback anytime the page fault handler falls back to
using regular pages and only count thp_fault_alloc when a hugepage has
actually been faulted.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Minor cleanup: unindent most code of the fucntion by inverting one
condition. It's preparation for the next patch.
No functional changes.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It's confusing that mk_huge_pmd() has semantics different from mk_pte() or
mk_pmd(). I spent some time on debugging issue cased by this
inconsistency.
Let's move maybe_pmd_mkwrite() out of mk_huge_pmd() and adjust prototype
to match mk_pte().
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We use NR_ANON_PAGES as base for reporting AnonPages to user. There's
not much sense in not accounting transparent huge pages there, but add
them on printing to user.
Let's account transparent huge pages in NR_ANON_PAGES in the first place.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Ning Qu <quning@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull vfs pile 4 from Al Viro:
"list_lru pile, mostly"
This came out of Andrew's pile, Al ended up doing the merge work so that
Andrew didn't have to.
Additionally, a few fixes.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (42 commits)
super: fix for destroy lrus
list_lru: dynamically adjust node arrays
shrinker: Kill old ->shrink API.
shrinker: convert remaining shrinkers to count/scan API
staging/lustre/libcfs: cleanup linux-mem.h
staging/lustre/ptlrpc: convert to new shrinker API
staging/lustre/obdclass: convert lu_object shrinker to count/scan API
staging/lustre/ldlm: convert to shrinkers to count/scan API
hugepage: convert huge zero page shrinker to new shrinker API
i915: bail out earlier when shrinker cannot acquire mutex
drivers: convert shrinkers to new count/scan API
fs: convert fs shrinkers to new scan/count API
xfs: fix dquot isolation hang
xfs-convert-dquot-cache-lru-to-list_lru-fix
xfs: convert dquot cache lru to list_lru
xfs: rework buffer dispose list tracking
xfs-convert-buftarg-lru-to-generic-code-fix
xfs: convert buftarg LRU to generic code
fs: convert inode and dentry shrinking to be node aware
vmscan: per-node deferred work
...
In collapse_huge_page() there is a race window between releasing the
mmap_sem read lock and taking the mmap_sem write lock, so find_vma() may
return NULL. So check the return value to avoid NULL pointer dereference.
collapse_huge_page
khugepaged_alloc_page
up_read(&mm->mmap_sem)
down_write(&mm->mmap_sem)
vma = find_vma(mm, address)
Signed-off-by: Libin <huawei.libin@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v3.0+
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The use of strict_strtoul() is not preferred, because strict_strtoul() is
obsolete. Thus, kstrtoul() should be used.
Signed-off-by: Jingoo Han <jg1.han@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It consists of:
* returning long instead of int
* separating count from scan
* returning the number of freed entities in scan
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@openvz.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Arve Hjønnevåg <arve@android.com>
Cc: Carlos Maiolino <cmaiolino@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com>
Cc: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Hellstrom <thellstrom@vmware.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
active/inactive lru lists can contain unevicable pages (i.e. ramfs pages
that have been placed on the LRU lists when first allocated), but these
pages must not have PageUnevictable set - otherwise shrink_[in]active_list
goes crazy:
kernel BUG at /home/space/kas/git/public/linux-next/mm/vmscan.c:1122!
1090 static unsigned long isolate_lru_pages(unsigned long nr_to_scan,
1091 struct lruvec *lruvec, struct list_head *dst,
1092 unsigned long *nr_scanned, struct scan_control *sc,
1093 isolate_mode_t mode, enum lru_list lru)
1094 {
...
1108 switch (__isolate_lru_page(page, mode)) {
1109 case 0:
...
1116 case -EBUSY:
...
1121 default:
1122 BUG();
1123 }
1124 }
...
1130 }
__isolate_lru_page() returns EINVAL for PageUnevictable(page).
For lru_add_page_tail(), it means we should not set PageUnevictable()
for tail pages unless we're sure that it will go to LRU_UNEVICTABLE.
Let's just copy PG_active and PG_unevictable from head page in
__split_huge_page_refcount(), it will simplify lru_add_page_tail().
This will fix one more bug in lru_add_page_tail(): if
page_evictable(page_tail) is false and PageLRU(page) is true, page_tail
will go to the same lru as page, but nobody cares to sync page_tail
active/inactive state with page. So we can end up with inactive page on
active lru. The patch will fix it as well since we copy PG_active from
head page.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull powerpc updates from Ben Herrenschmidt:
"This is the powerpc changes for the 3.11 merge window. In addition to
the usual bug fixes and small updates, the main highlights are:
- Support for transparent huge pages by Aneesh Kumar for 64-bit
server processors. This allows the use of 16M pages as transparent
huge pages on kernels compiled with a 64K base page size.
- Base VFIO support for KVM on power by Alexey Kardashevskiy
- Wiring up of our nvram to the pstore infrastructure, including
putting compressed oopses in there by Aruna Balakrishnaiah
- Move, rework and improve our "EEH" (basically PCI error handling
and recovery) infrastructure. It is no longer specific to pseries
but is now usable by the new "powernv" platform as well (no
hypervisor) by Gavin Shan.
- I fixed some bugs in our math-emu instruction decoding and made it
usable to emulate some optional FP instructions on processors with
hard FP that lack them (such as fsqrt on Freescale embedded
processors).
- Support for Power8 "Event Based Branch" facility by Michael
Ellerman. This facility allows what is basically "userspace
interrupts" for performance monitor events.
- A bunch of Transactional Memory vs. Signals bug fixes and HW
breakpoint/watchpoint fixes by Michael Neuling.
And more ... I appologize in advance if I've failed to highlight
something that somebody deemed worth it."
* 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/benh/powerpc: (156 commits)
pstore: Add hsize argument in write_buf call of pstore_ftrace_call
powerpc/fsl: add MPIC timer wakeup support
powerpc/mpic: create mpic subsystem object
powerpc/mpic: add global timer support
powerpc/mpic: add irq_set_wake support
powerpc/85xx: enable coreint for all the 64bit boards
powerpc/8xx: Erroneous double irq_eoi() on CPM IRQ in MPC8xx
powerpc/fsl: Enable CONFIG_E1000E in mpc85xx_smp_defconfig
powerpc/mpic: Add get_version API both for internal and external use
powerpc: Handle both new style and old style reserve maps
powerpc/hw_brk: Fix off by one error when validating DAWR region end
powerpc/pseries: Support compression of oops text via pstore
powerpc/pseries: Re-organise the oops compression code
pstore: Pass header size in the pstore write callback
powerpc/powernv: Fix iommu initialization again
powerpc/pseries: Inform the hypervisor we are using EBB regs
powerpc/perf: Add power8 EBB support
powerpc/perf: Core EBB support for 64-bit book3s
powerpc/perf: Drop MMCRA from thread_struct
powerpc/perf: Don't enable if we have zero events
...
The soft-dirty is a bit on a PTE which helps to track which pages a task
writes to. In order to do this tracking one should
1. Clear soft-dirty bits from PTEs ("echo 4 > /proc/PID/clear_refs)
2. Wait some time.
3. Read soft-dirty bits (55'th in /proc/PID/pagemap2 entries)
To do this tracking, the writable bit is cleared from PTEs when the
soft-dirty bit is. Thus, after this, when the task tries to modify a
page at some virtual address the #PF occurs and the kernel sets the
soft-dirty bit on the respective PTE.
Note, that although all the task's address space is marked as r/o after
the soft-dirty bits clear, the #PF-s that occur after that are processed
fast. This is so, since the pages are still mapped to physical memory,
and thus all the kernel does is finds this fact out and puts back
writable, dirty and soft-dirty bits on the PTE.
Another thing to note, is that when mremap moves PTEs they are marked
with soft-dirty as well, since from the user perspective mremap modifies
the virtual memory at mremap's new address.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@gmail.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Architectures like powerpc use the deposited pgtable to store hash index
values. We need to make the deposted pgtable is visible to other cpus
before we are ready to take a hash fault.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
For architectures like ppc64 we look at deposited pgtable when calling
pmdp_get_and_clear. So do the pgtable_trans_huge_withdraw after finishing
pmdp related operations.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
This will be later used by powerpc THP support. In powerpc we want to use
pgtable for storing the hash index values. So instead of adding them to
mm_context list, we would like to store them in the second half of pmd
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
We should use pmdp_set_access_flags to update access flags. Archs like
powerpc use extra checks(_PAGE_BUSY) when updating a hugepage PTE. A
set_pmd_at doesn't do those checks. We should use set_pmd_at only when
updating a none hugepage PTE.
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>a
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
We should not use set_pmd_at to update pmd_t with pgtable_t pointer.
set_pmd_at is used to set pmd with huge pte entries and architectures
like ppc64, clear few flags from the pte when saving a new entry.
Without this change we observe bad pte errors like below on ppc64 with
THP enabled.
BUG: Bad page map in process ld mm=0xc000001ee39f4780 pte:7fc3f37848000001 pmd:c000001ec0000000
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Current implementation of huge zero page uses pfn value 0 to indicate
that the page hasn't allocated yet. It assumes that buddy page
allocator can't return page with pfn == 0.
Let's rework the code to store 'struct page *' of huge zero page, not
its pfn. This way we can avoid the weak assumption.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix sparse warning]
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In page reclaim, huge page is split. split_huge_page() adds tail pages
to LRU list. Since we are reclaiming a huge page, it's better we
reclaim all subpages of the huge page instead of just the head page.
This patch adds split tail pages to shrink page list so the tail pages
can be reclaimed soon.
Before this patch, run a swap workload:
thp_fault_alloc 3492
thp_fault_fallback 608
thp_collapse_alloc 6
thp_collapse_alloc_failed 0
thp_split 916
With this patch:
thp_fault_alloc 4085
thp_fault_fallback 16
thp_collapse_alloc 90
thp_collapse_alloc_failed 0
thp_split 1272
fallback allocation is reduced a lot.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_SWAP=n build]
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently the memory barrier in __do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page doesn't
work. Because lru_cache_add_lru uses pagevec so it could miss spinlock
easily so above rule was broken so user might see inconsistent data.
I was not first person who pointed out the problem. Mel and Peter
pointed out a few months ago and Peter pointed out further that even
spin_lock/unlock can't make sure of it:
http://marc.info/?t=134333512700004
In particular:
*A = a;
LOCK
UNLOCK
*B = b;
may occur as:
LOCK, STORE *B, STORE *A, UNLOCK
At last, Hugh pointed out that even we don't need memory barrier in
there because __SetPageUpdate already have done it from Nick's commit
0ed361dec3 ("mm: fix PageUptodate data race") explicitly.
So this patch fixes comment on THP and adds same comment for
do_anonymous_page, too because everybody except Hugh was missing that.
It means we need a comment about that.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I'm not sure why, but the hlist for each entry iterators were conceived
list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member)
The hlist ones were greedy and wanted an extra parameter:
hlist_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, member)
Why did they need an extra pos parameter? I'm not quite sure. Not only
they don't really need it, it also prevents the iterator from looking
exactly like the list iterator, which is unfortunate.
Besides the semantic patch, there was some manual work required:
- Fix up the actual hlist iterators in linux/list.h
- Fix up the declaration of other iterators based on the hlist ones.
- A very small amount of places were using the 'node' parameter, this
was modified to use 'obj->member' instead.
- Coccinelle didn't handle the hlist_for_each_entry_safe iterator
properly, so those had to be fixed up manually.
The semantic patch which is mostly the work of Peter Senna Tschudin is here:
@@
iterator name hlist_for_each_entry, hlist_for_each_entry_continue, hlist_for_each_entry_from, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu, hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh, for_each_busy_worker, ax25_uid_for_each, ax25_for_each, inet_bind_bucket_for_each, sctp_for_each_hentry, sk_for_each, sk_for_each_rcu, sk_for_each_from, sk_for_each_safe, sk_for_each_bound, hlist_for_each_entry_safe, hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu, nr_neigh_for_each, nr_neigh_for_each_safe, nr_node_for_each, nr_node_for_each_safe, for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp, for_each_gfn_sp, for_each_host;
type T;
expression a,c,d,e;
identifier b;
statement S;
@@
-T b;
<+... when != b
(
hlist_for_each_entry(a,
- b,
c, d) S
|
hlist_for_each_entry_continue(a,
- b,
c) S
|
hlist_for_each_entry_from(a,
- b,
c) S
|
hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(a,
- b,
c, d) S
|
hlist_for_each_entry_rcu_bh(a,
- b,
c, d) S
|
hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu_bh(a,
- b,
c) S
|
for_each_busy_worker(a, c,
- b,
d) S
|
ax25_uid_for_each(a,
- b,
c) S
|
ax25_for_each(a,
- b,
c) S
|
inet_bind_bucket_for_each(a,
- b,
c) S
|
sctp_for_each_hentry(a,
- b,
c) S
|
sk_for_each(a,
- b,
c) S
|
sk_for_each_rcu(a,
- b,
c) S
|
sk_for_each_from
-(a, b)
+(a)
S
+ sk_for_each_from(a) S
|
sk_for_each_safe(a,
- b,
c, d) S
|
sk_for_each_bound(a,
- b,
c) S
|
hlist_for_each_entry_safe(a,
- b,
c, d, e) S
|
hlist_for_each_entry_continue_rcu(a,
- b,
c) S
|
nr_neigh_for_each(a,
- b,
c) S
|
nr_neigh_for_each_safe(a,
- b,
c, d) S
|
nr_node_for_each(a,
- b,
c) S
|
nr_node_for_each_safe(a,
- b,
c, d) S
|
- for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d, b) S
+ for_each_gfn_sp(a, c, d) S
|
- for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d, b) S
+ for_each_gfn_indirect_valid_sp(a, c, d) S
|
for_each_host(a,
- b,
c) S
|
for_each_host_safe(a,
- b,
c, d) S
|
for_each_mesh_entry(a,
- b,
c, d) S
)
...+>
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus change from net/ipv4/raw.c]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: drop bogus hunk from net/ipv6/raw.c]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warnings]
[akpm@linux-foudnation.org: redo intrusive kvm changes]
Tested-by: Peter Senna Tschudin <peter.senna@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Make a sweep through mm/ and convert code that uses -1 directly to using
the more appropriate NUMA_NO_NODE.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The function names page_xchg_last_nid(), page_last_nid() and
reset_page_last_nid() were judged to be inconsistent so rename them to a
struct_field_op style pattern. As it looked jarring to have
reset_page_mapcount() and page_nid_reset_last() beside each other in
memmap_init_zone(), this patch also renames reset_page_mapcount() to
page_mapcount_reset(). There are others like init_page_count() but as
it is used throughout the arch code a rename would likely cause more
conflicts than it is worth.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix zcache]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When calculating amount of dirtyable memory, min_free_kbytes should be
subtracted because it is not intended for dirty pages.
Addresses http://bugs.debian.org/695182
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up min_free_kbytes extern declarations]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix min() warning]
Signed-off-by: Paul Szabo <psz@maths.usyd.edu.au>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The comment in commit 4fc3f1d66b ("mm/rmap, migration: Make
rmap_walk_anon() and try_to_unmap_anon() more scalable") says:
| Rename anon_vma_[un]lock() => anon_vma_[un]lock_write(),
| to make it clearer that it's an exclusive write-lock in
| that case - suggested by Rik van Riel.
But that commit renames only anon_vma_lock()
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When correcting commit 04fa5d6a65 ("mm: migrate: check page_count of
THP before migrating") Hugh Dickins noted that the control flow for
transhuge migration was difficult to follow. Unconditionally calling
put_page() in numamigrate_isolate_page() made the failure paths of both
migrate_misplaced_transhuge_page() and migrate_misplaced_page() more
complex that they should be. Further, he was extremely wary that an
unlock_page() should ever happen after a put_page() even if the
put_page() should never be the final put_page.
Hugh implemented the following cleanup to simplify the path by calling
putback_lru_page() inside numamigrate_isolate_page() if it failed to
isolate and always calling unlock_page() within
migrate_misplaced_transhuge_page().
There is no functional change after this patch is applied but the code
is easier to follow and unlock_page() always happens before put_page().
[mgorman@suse.de: changelog only]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Simon Jeons <simon.jeons@gmail.com>
Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Switch hugemem to use the new hashtable implementation. This reduces
the amount of generic unrelated code in the hugemem.
This also removes the dymanic allocation of the hash table. The upside
is that we save a pointer dereference when accessing the hashtable, but
we lose 8KB if CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE is enabled but the processor
doesn't support hugepages.
Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
No reason to preserve the huge zero page in core dumps.
Reported-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Zhouping Liu reported the following against 3.8-rc1 when running a mmap
testcase from LTP.
mapcount 0 page_mapcount 3
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1798!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
Modules linked in: ip6table_filter ip6_tables ebtable_nat ebtables bnep bluetooth rfkill iptable_mangle ipt_REJECT nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_defrag_ipv4 xt_conntrack nf_conntrack iptable_filter ip_tables be2iscsi iscsi_boot_sysfs bnx2i cnic uio cxgb4i cxgb4 cxgb3i cxgb3 mdio libcxgbi ib_iser rdma_cm ib_addr iw_cm ib_cm ib_sa ib_mad ib_core iscsi_tcp libiscsi_tcp libiscsi scsi_transport_iscsi vfat fat dm_mirror dm_region_hash dm_log dm_mod cdc_ether iTCO_wdt i7core_edac coretemp usbnet iTCO_vendor_support mii crc32c_intel edac_core lpc_ich shpchp ioatdma mfd_core i2c_i801 pcspkr serio_raw bnx2 microcode dca vhost_net tun macvtap macvlan kvm_intel kvm uinput mgag200 sr_mod cdrom i2c_algo_bit sd_mod drm_kms_helper crc_t10dif ata_generic pata_acpi ttm ata_piix drm libata i2c_core megaraid_sas
CPU 1
Pid: 23217, comm: mmap10 Not tainted 3.8.0-rc1mainline+ #17 IBM IBM System x3400 M3 Server -[7379I08]-/69Y4356
RIP: __split_huge_page+0x677/0x6d0
RSP: 0000:ffff88017a03fc08 EFLAGS: 00010293
RAX: 0000000000000003 RBX: ffff88027a6c22e0 RCX: 00000000000034d2
RDX: 000000000000748b RSI: 0000000000000046 RDI: 0000000000000246
RBP: ffff88017a03fcb8 R08: ffffffff819d2440 R09: 000000000000054a
R10: 0000000000aaaaaa R11: 00000000ffffffff R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f4f11a00000 R14: ffff880179e96e00 R15: ffffea0005c08000
FS: 00007f4f11f4a740(0000) GS:ffff88017bc20000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
CR2: 00000037e9ebb404 CR3: 000000017a436000 CR4: 00000000000007e0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Process mmap10 (pid: 23217, threadinfo ffff88017a03e000, task ffff880172dd32e0)
Stack:
ffff88017a540ec8 ffff88017a03fc20 ffffffff816017b5 ffff88017a03fc88
ffffffff812fa014 0000000000000000 ffff880279ebd5c0 00000000f4f11a4c
00000007f4f11f49 00000007f4f11a00 ffff88017a540ef0 ffff88017a540ee8
Call Trace:
split_huge_page+0x68/0xb0
__split_huge_page_pmd+0x134/0x330
split_huge_page_pmd_mm+0x51/0x60
split_huge_page_address+0x3b/0x50
__vma_adjust_trans_huge+0x9c/0xf0
vma_adjust+0x684/0x750
__split_vma.isra.28+0x1fa/0x220
do_munmap+0xf9/0x420
vm_munmap+0x4e/0x70
sys_munmap+0x2b/0x40
system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
Alexander Beregalov and Alex Xu reported similar bugs and Hillf Danton
identified that commit 5a505085f0 ("mm/rmap: Convert the struct
anon_vma::mutex to an rwsem") and commit 4fc3f1d66b ("mm/rmap,
migration: Make rmap_walk_anon() and try_to_unmap_anon() more scalable")
were likely the problem. Reverting these commits was reported to solve
the problem for Alexander.
Despite the reason for these commits, NUMA balancing is not the direct
source of the problem. split_huge_page() expects the anon_vma lock to
be exclusive to serialise the whole split operation. Ordinarily it is
expected that the anon_vma lock would only be required when updating the
avcs but THP also uses the anon_vma rwsem for collapse and split
operations where the page lock or compound lock cannot be used (as the
page is changing from base to THP or vice versa) and the page table
locks are insufficient.
This patch takes the anon_vma lock for write to serialise against parallel
split_huge_page as THP expected before the conversion to rwsem.
Reported-and-tested-by: Zhouping Liu <zliu@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Alexander Beregalov <a.beregalov@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Alex Xu <alex_y_xu@yahoo.ca>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Clarify error messages and correct a few typos in the transparent hugepage
sysfs init code.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Eder <jeder@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andrea's autonuma-benchmark numa01 hits kernel BUG at huge_memory.c:1474!
in change_huge_pmd called from change_protection from change_prot_numa
from task_numa_work.
That BUG, introduced in the huge zero page commit cad7f613c4 ("thp:
change_huge_pmd(): make sure we don't try to make a page writable")
was trying to verify that newprot never adds write permission to an
anonymous huge page; but Automatic NUMA Balancing's 4b10e7d562 ("mm:
mempolicy: Implement change_prot_numa() in terms of change_protection()")
adds a new prot_numa path into change_huge_pmd(), which makes no use of
the newprot provided, and may retain the write bit in the pmd.
Just move the BUG_ON(pmd_write(entry)) up into the !prot_numa block.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Merge tag 'balancenuma-v11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux-balancenuma
Pull Automatic NUMA Balancing bare-bones from Mel Gorman:
"There are three implementations for NUMA balancing, this tree
(balancenuma), numacore which has been developed in tip/master and
autonuma which is in aa.git.
In almost all respects balancenuma is the dumbest of the three because
its main impact is on the VM side with no attempt to be smart about
scheduling. In the interest of getting the ball rolling, it would be
desirable to see this much merged for 3.8 with the view to building
scheduler smarts on top and adapting the VM where required for 3.9.
The most recent set of comparisons available from different people are
mel: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/9/108
mingo: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/7/331
tglx: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/10/437
srikar: https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/12/10/397
The results are a mixed bag. In my own tests, balancenuma does
reasonably well. It's dumb as rocks and does not regress against
mainline. On the other hand, Ingo's tests shows that balancenuma is
incapable of converging for this workloads driven by perf which is bad
but is potentially explained by the lack of scheduler smarts. Thomas'
results show balancenuma improves on mainline but falls far short of
numacore or autonuma. Srikar's results indicate we all suffer on a
large machine with imbalanced node sizes.
My own testing showed that recent numacore results have improved
dramatically, particularly in the last week but not universally.
We've butted heads heavily on system CPU usage and high levels of
migration even when it shows that overall performance is better.
There are also cases where it regresses. Of interest is that for
specjbb in some configurations it will regress for lower numbers of
warehouses and show gains for higher numbers which is not reported by
the tool by default and sometimes missed in treports. Recently I
reported for numacore that the JVM was crashing with
NullPointerExceptions but currently it's unclear what the source of
this problem is. Initially I thought it was in how numacore batch
handles PTEs but I'm no longer think this is the case. It's possible
numacore is just able to trigger it due to higher rates of migration.
These reports were quite late in the cycle so I/we would like to start
with this tree as it contains much of the code we can agree on and has
not changed significantly over the last 2-3 weeks."
* tag 'balancenuma-v11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mel/linux-balancenuma: (50 commits)
mm/rmap, migration: Make rmap_walk_anon() and try_to_unmap_anon() more scalable
mm/rmap: Convert the struct anon_vma::mutex to an rwsem
mm: migrate: Account a transhuge page properly when rate limiting
mm: numa: Account for failed allocations and isolations as migration failures
mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case build fix
mm: numa: Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case.
mm: sched: numa: Delay PTE scanning until a task is scheduled on a new node
mm: sched: numa: Control enabling and disabling of NUMA balancing if !SCHED_DEBUG
mm: sched: numa: Control enabling and disabling of NUMA balancing
mm: sched: Adapt the scanning rate if a NUMA hinting fault does not migrate
mm: numa: Use a two-stage filter to restrict pages being migrated for unlikely task<->node relationships
mm: numa: migrate: Set last_nid on newly allocated page
mm: numa: split_huge_page: Transfer last_nid on tail page
mm: numa: Introduce last_nid to the page frame
sched: numa: Slowly increase the scanning period as NUMA faults are handled
mm: numa: Rate limit setting of pte_numa if node is saturated
mm: numa: Rate limit the amount of memory that is migrated between nodes
mm: numa: Structures for Migrate On Fault per NUMA migration rate limiting
mm: numa: Migrate pages handled during a pmd_numa hinting fault
mm: numa: Migrate on reference policy
...
pmd value is stable only with mm->page_table_lock taken. After taking
the lock we need to check that nobody modified the pmd before changing it.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
By default kernel tries to use huge zero page on read page fault. It's
possible to disable huge zero page by writing 0 or enable it back by
writing 1:
echo 0 >/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/khugepaged/use_zero_page
echo 1 >/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/khugepaged/use_zero_page
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
hzp_alloc is incremented every time a huge zero page is successfully
allocated. It includes allocations which where dropped due
race with other allocation. Note, it doesn't count every map
of the huge zero page, only its allocation.
hzp_alloc_failed is incremented if kernel fails to allocate huge zero
page and falls back to using small pages.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
H. Peter Anvin doesn't like huge zero page which sticks in memory forever
after the first allocation. Here's implementation of lockless refcounting
for huge zero page.
We have two basic primitives: {get,put}_huge_zero_page(). They
manipulate reference counter.
If counter is 0, get_huge_zero_page() allocates a new huge page and takes
two references: one for caller and one for shrinker. We free the page
only in shrinker callback if counter is 1 (only shrinker has the
reference).
put_huge_zero_page() only decrements counter. Counter is never zero in
put_huge_zero_page() since shrinker holds on reference.
Freeing huge zero page in shrinker callback helps to avoid frequent
allocate-free.
Refcounting has cost. On 4 socket machine I observe ~1% slowdown on
parallel (40 processes) read page faulting comparing to lazy huge page
allocation. I think it's pretty reasonable for synthetic benchmark.
[lliubbo@gmail.com: fix mismerge]
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Instead of allocating huge zero page on hugepage_init() we can postpone it
until first huge zero page map. It saves memory if THP is not in use.
cmpxchg() is used to avoid race on huge_zero_pfn initialization.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All code paths seems covered. Now we can map huge zero page on read page
fault.
We setup it in do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page() if area around fault address
is suitable for THP and we've got read page fault.
If we fail to setup huge zero page (ENOMEM) we fallback to
handle_pte_fault() as we normally do in THP.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We can't split huge zero page itself (and it's bug if we try), but we
can split the pmd which points to it.
On splitting the pmd we create a table with all ptes set to normal zero
page.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build error]
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pass vma instead of mm and add address parameter.
In most cases we already have vma on the stack. We provides
split_huge_page_pmd_mm() for few cases when we have mm, but not vma.
This change is preparation to huge zero pmd splitting implementation.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mprotect core never tries to make page writable using change_huge_pmd().
Let's add an assert that the assumption is true. It's important to be
sure we will not make huge zero page writable.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On write access to huge zero page we alloc a new huge page and clear it.
If ENOMEM, graceful fallback: we create a new pmd table and set pte around
fault address to newly allocated normal (4k) page. All other ptes in the
pmd set to normal zero page.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It's easy to copy huge zero page. Just set destination pmd to huge zero
page.
It's safe to copy huge zero page since we have none yet :-p
[rientjes@google.com: fix comment]
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We don't have a mapped page to zap in huge zero page case. Let's just clear
pmd and remove it from tlb.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
During testing I noticed big (up to 2.5 times) memory consumption overhead
on some workloads (e.g. ft.A from NPB) if THP is enabled.
The main reason for that big difference is lacking zero page in THP case.
We have to allocate a real page on read page fault.
A program to demonstrate the issue:
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MB 1024*1024
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *p;
int i;
posix_memalign((void **)&p, 2 * MB, 200 * MB);
for (i = 0; i < 200 * MB; i+= 4096)
assert(p[i] == 0);
pause();
return 0;
}
With thp-never RSS is about 400k, but with thp-always it's 200M. After
the patcheset thp-always RSS is 400k too.
Design overview.
Huge zero page (hzp) is a non-movable huge page (2M on x86-64) filled with
zeros. The way how we allocate it changes in the patchset:
- [01/10] simplest way: hzp allocated on boot time in hugepage_init();
- [09/10] lazy allocation on first use;
- [10/10] lockless refcounting + shrinker-reclaimable hzp;
We setup it in do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page() if area around fault address
is suitable for THP and we've got read page fault. If we fail to setup
hzp (ENOMEM) we fallback to handle_pte_fault() as we normally do in THP.
On wp fault to hzp we allocate real memory for the huge page and clear it.
If ENOMEM, graceful fallback: we create a new pmd table and set pte
around fault address to newly allocated normal (4k) page. All other ptes
in the pmd set to normal zero page.
We cannot split hzp (and it's bug if we try), but we can split the pmd
which points to it. On splitting the pmd we create a table with all ptes
set to normal zero page.
===
By hpa's request I've tried alternative approach for hzp implementation
(see Virtual huge zero page patchset): pmd table with all entries set to
zero page. This way should be more cache friendly, but it increases TLB
pressure.
The problem with virtual huge zero page: it requires per-arch enabling.
We need a way to mark that pmd table has all ptes set to zero page.
Some numbers to compare two implementations (on 4s Westmere-EX):
Mirobenchmark1
==============
test:
posix_memalign((void **)&p, 2 * MB, 8 * GB);
for (i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
assert(memcmp(p, p + 4*GB, 4*GB) == 0);
asm volatile ("": : :"memory");
}
hzp:
Performance counter stats for './test_memcmp' (5 runs):
32356.272845 task-clock # 0.998 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.13% )
40 context-switches # 0.001 K/sec ( +- 0.94% )
0 CPU-migrations # 0.000 K/sec
4,218 page-faults # 0.130 K/sec ( +- 0.00% )
76,712,481,765 cycles # 2.371 GHz ( +- 0.13% ) [83.31%]
36,279,577,636 stalled-cycles-frontend # 47.29% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.28% ) [83.35%]
1,684,049,110 stalled-cycles-backend # 2.20% backend cycles idle ( +- 2.96% ) [66.67%]
134,355,715,816 instructions # 1.75 insns per cycle
# 0.27 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.10% ) [83.35%]
13,526,169,702 branches # 418.039 M/sec ( +- 0.10% ) [83.31%]
1,058,230 branch-misses # 0.01% of all branches ( +- 0.91% ) [83.36%]
32.413866442 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.13% )
vhzp:
Performance counter stats for './test_memcmp' (5 runs):
30327.183829 task-clock # 0.998 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.13% )
38 context-switches # 0.001 K/sec ( +- 1.53% )
0 CPU-migrations # 0.000 K/sec
4,218 page-faults # 0.139 K/sec ( +- 0.01% )
71,964,773,660 cycles # 2.373 GHz ( +- 0.13% ) [83.35%]
31,191,284,231 stalled-cycles-frontend # 43.34% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.40% ) [83.32%]
773,484,474 stalled-cycles-backend # 1.07% backend cycles idle ( +- 6.61% ) [66.67%]
134,982,215,437 instructions # 1.88 insns per cycle
# 0.23 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.11% ) [83.32%]
13,509,150,683 branches # 445.447 M/sec ( +- 0.11% ) [83.34%]
1,017,667 branch-misses # 0.01% of all branches ( +- 1.07% ) [83.32%]
30.381324695 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.13% )
Mirobenchmark2
==============
test:
posix_memalign((void **)&p, 2 * MB, 8 * GB);
for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
char *_p = p;
while (_p < p+4*GB) {
assert(*_p == *(_p+4*GB));
_p += 4096;
asm volatile ("": : :"memory");
}
}
hzp:
Performance counter stats for 'taskset -c 0 ./test_memcmp2' (5 runs):
3505.727639 task-clock # 0.998 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.26% )
9 context-switches # 0.003 K/sec ( +- 4.97% )
4,384 page-faults # 0.001 M/sec ( +- 0.00% )
8,318,482,466 cycles # 2.373 GHz ( +- 0.26% ) [33.31%]
5,134,318,786 stalled-cycles-frontend # 61.72% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.42% ) [33.32%]
2,193,266,208 stalled-cycles-backend # 26.37% backend cycles idle ( +- 5.51% ) [33.33%]
9,494,670,537 instructions # 1.14 insns per cycle
# 0.54 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.13% ) [41.68%]
2,108,522,738 branches # 601.451 M/sec ( +- 0.09% ) [41.68%]
158,746 branch-misses # 0.01% of all branches ( +- 1.60% ) [41.71%]
3,168,102,115 L1-dcache-loads
# 903.693 M/sec ( +- 0.11% ) [41.70%]
1,048,710,998 L1-dcache-misses
# 33.10% of all L1-dcache hits ( +- 0.11% ) [41.72%]
1,047,699,685 LLC-load
# 298.854 M/sec ( +- 0.03% ) [33.38%]
2,287 LLC-misses
# 0.00% of all LL-cache hits ( +- 8.27% ) [33.37%]
3,166,187,367 dTLB-loads
# 903.147 M/sec ( +- 0.02% ) [33.35%]
4,266,538 dTLB-misses
# 0.13% of all dTLB cache hits ( +- 0.03% ) [33.33%]
3.513339813 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.26% )
vhzp:
Performance counter stats for 'taskset -c 0 ./test_memcmp2' (5 runs):
27313.891128 task-clock # 0.998 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.24% )
62 context-switches # 0.002 K/sec ( +- 0.61% )
4,384 page-faults # 0.160 K/sec ( +- 0.01% )
64,747,374,606 cycles # 2.370 GHz ( +- 0.24% ) [33.33%]
61,341,580,278 stalled-cycles-frontend # 94.74% frontend cycles idle ( +- 0.26% ) [33.33%]
56,702,237,511 stalled-cycles-backend # 87.57% backend cycles idle ( +- 0.07% ) [33.33%]
10,033,724,846 instructions # 0.15 insns per cycle
# 6.11 stalled cycles per insn ( +- 0.09% ) [41.65%]
2,190,424,932 branches # 80.195 M/sec ( +- 0.12% ) [41.66%]
1,028,630 branch-misses # 0.05% of all branches ( +- 1.50% ) [41.66%]
3,302,006,540 L1-dcache-loads
# 120.891 M/sec ( +- 0.11% ) [41.68%]
271,374,358 L1-dcache-misses
# 8.22% of all L1-dcache hits ( +- 0.04% ) [41.66%]
20,385,476 LLC-load
# 0.746 M/sec ( +- 1.64% ) [33.34%]
76,754 LLC-misses
# 0.38% of all LL-cache hits ( +- 2.35% ) [33.34%]
3,309,927,290 dTLB-loads
# 121.181 M/sec ( +- 0.03% ) [33.34%]
2,098,967,427 dTLB-misses
# 63.41% of all dTLB cache hits ( +- 0.03% ) [33.34%]
27.364448741 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.24% )
===
I personally prefer implementation present in this patchset. It doesn't
touch arch-specific code.
This patch:
Huge zero page (hzp) is a non-movable huge page (2M on x86-64) filled with
zeros.
For now let's allocate the page on hugepage_init(). We'll switch to lazy
allocation later.
We are not going to map the huge zero page until we can handle it properly
on all code paths.
is_huge_zero_{pfn,pmd}() functions will be used by following patches to
check whether the pfn/pmd is huge zero page.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On x86 memory accesses to pages without the ACCESSED flag set result in
the ACCESSED flag being set automatically. With the ARM architecture a
page access fault is raised instead (and it will continue to be raised
until the ACCESSED flag is set for the appropriate PTE/PMD).
For normal memory pages, handle_pte_fault will call pte_mkyoung
(effectively setting the ACCESSED flag). For transparent huge pages,
pmd_mkyoung will only be called for a write fault.
This patch ensures that faults on transparent hugepages which do not
result in a CoW update the access flags for the faulting pmd.
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Ni zhan Chen <nizhan.chen@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Introduce mk_huge_pmd() to simplify the code
Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Ni zhan Chen <nizhan.chen@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Multiple places do the same check.
Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Ni zhan Chen <nizhan.chen@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Several place need to find the pmd by(mm_struct, address), so introduce a
function to simplify it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning]
Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Ni zhan Chen <nizhan.chen@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are duplicated places using release_pte_pages().
And release_all_pte_pages() can be removed.
Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Ni zhan Chen <nizhan.chen@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
rmap_walk_anon() and try_to_unmap_anon() appears to be too
careful about locking the anon vma: while it needs protection
against anon vma list modifications, it does not need exclusive
access to the list itself.
Transforming this exclusive lock to a read-locked rwsem removes
a global lock from the hot path of page-migration intense
threaded workloads which can cause pathological performance like
this:
96.43% process 0 [kernel.kallsyms] [k] perf_trace_sched_switch
|
--- perf_trace_sched_switch
__schedule
schedule
schedule_preempt_disabled
__mutex_lock_common.isra.6
__mutex_lock_slowpath
mutex_lock
|
|--50.61%-- rmap_walk
| move_to_new_page
| migrate_pages
| migrate_misplaced_page
| __do_numa_page.isra.69
| handle_pte_fault
| handle_mm_fault
| __do_page_fault
| do_page_fault
| page_fault
| __memset_sse2
| |
| --100.00%-- worker_thread
| |
| --100.00%-- start_thread
|
--49.39%-- page_lock_anon_vma
try_to_unmap_anon
try_to_unmap
migrate_pages
migrate_misplaced_page
__do_numa_page.isra.69
handle_pte_fault
handle_mm_fault
__do_page_fault
do_page_fault
page_fault
__memset_sse2
|
--100.00%-- worker_thread
start_thread
With this change applied the profile is now nicely flat
and there's no anon-vma related scheduling/blocking.
Rename anon_vma_[un]lock() => anon_vma_[un]lock_write(),
to make it clearer that it's an exclusive write-lock in
that case - suggested by Rik van Riel.
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Convert the struct anon_vma::mutex to an rwsem, which will help
in solving a page-migration scalability problem. (Addressed in
a separate patch.)
The conversion is simple and straightforward: in every case
where we mutex_lock()ed we'll now down_write().
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Note: This is very heavily based on a patch from Peter Zijlstra with
fixes from Ingo Molnar, Hugh Dickins and Johannes Weiner. That patch
put a lot of migration logic into mm/huge_memory.c where it does
not belong. This version puts tries to share some of the migration
logic with migrate_misplaced_page. However, it should be noted
that now migrate.c is doing more with the pagetable manipulation
than is preferred. The end result is barely recognisable so as
before, the signed-offs had to be removed but will be re-added if
the original authors are ok with it.
Add THP migration for the NUMA working set scanning fault case.
It uses the page lock to serialize. No migration pte dance is
necessary because the pte is already unmapped when we decide
to migrate.
[dhillf@gmail.com: Fix memory leak on isolation failure]
[dhillf@gmail.com: Fix transfer of last_nid information]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
The PTE scanning rate and fault rates are two of the biggest sources of
system CPU overhead with automatic NUMA placement. Ideally a proper policy
would detect if a workload was properly placed, schedule and adjust the
PTE scanning rate accordingly. We do not track the necessary information
to do that but we at least know if we migrated or not.
This patch scans slower if a page was not migrated as the result of a
NUMA hinting fault up to sysctl_numa_balancing_scan_period_max which is
now higher than the previous default. Once every minute it will reset
the scanner in case of phase changes.
This is hilariously crude and the numbers are arbitrary. Workloads will
converge quite slowly in comparison to what a proper policy should be able
to do. On the plus side, we will chew up less CPU for workloads that have
no need for automatic balancing.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
It is tricky to quantify the basic cost of automatic NUMA placement in a
meaningful manner. This patch adds some vmstats that can be used as part
of a basic costing model.
u = basic unit = sizeof(void *)
Ca = cost of struct page access = sizeof(struct page) / u
Cpte = Cost PTE access = Ca
Cupdate = Cost PTE update = (2 * Cpte) + (2 * Wlock)
where Cpte is incurred twice for a read and a write and Wlock
is a constant representing the cost of taking or releasing a
lock
Cnumahint = Cost of a minor page fault = some high constant e.g. 1000
Cpagerw = Cost to read or write a full page = Ca + PAGE_SIZE/u
Ci = Cost of page isolation = Ca + Wi
where Wi is a constant that should reflect the approximate cost
of the locking operation
Cpagecopy = Cpagerw + (Cpagerw * Wnuma) + Ci + (Ci * Wnuma)
where Wnuma is the approximate NUMA factor. 1 is local. 1.2
would imply that remote accesses are 20% more expensive
Balancing cost = Cpte * numa_pte_updates +
Cnumahint * numa_hint_faults +
Ci * numa_pages_migrated +
Cpagecopy * numa_pages_migrated
Note that numa_pages_migrated is used as a measure of how many pages
were isolated even though it would miss pages that failed to migrate. A
vmstat counter could have been added for it but the isolation cost is
pretty marginal in comparison to the overall cost so it seemed overkill.
The ideal way to measure automatic placement benefit would be to count
the number of remote accesses versus local accesses and do something like
benefit = (remote_accesses_before - remove_access_after) * Wnuma
but the information is not readily available. As a workload converges, the
expection would be that the number of remote numa hints would reduce to 0.
convergence = numa_hint_faults_local / numa_hint_faults
where this is measured for the last N number of
numa hints recorded. When the workload is fully
converged the value is 1.
This can measure if the placement policy is converging and how fast it is
doing it.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
NOTE: This patch is based on "sched, numa, mm: Add fault driven
placement and migration policy" but as it throws away all the policy
to just leave a basic foundation I had to drop the signed-offs-by.
This patch creates a bare-bones method for setting PTEs pte_numa in the
context of the scheduler that when faulted later will be faulted onto the
node the CPU is running on. In itself this does nothing useful but any
placement policy will fundamentally depend on receiving hints on placement
from fault context and doing something intelligent about it.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
This patch converts change_prot_numa() to use change_protection(). As
pte_numa and friends check the PTE bits directly it is necessary for
change_protection() to use pmd_mknuma(). Hence the required
modifications to change_protection() are a little clumsy but the
end result is that most of the numa page table helpers are just one or
two instructions.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Note: Based on "mm/mpol: Use special PROT_NONE to migrate pages" but
sufficiently different that the signed-off-bys were dropped
Combine our previous _PAGE_NUMA, mpol_misplaced and migrate_misplaced_page()
pieces into an effective migrate on fault scheme.
Note that (on x86) we rely on PROT_NONE pages being !present and avoid
the TLB flush from try_to_unmap(TTU_MIGRATION). This greatly improves the
page-migration performance.
Based-on-work-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Note: This patch started as "mm/mpol: Create special PROT_NONE
infrastructure" and preserves the basic idea but steals *very*
heavily from "autonuma: numa hinting page faults entry points" for
the actual fault handlers without the migration parts. The end
result is barely recognisable as either patch so all Signed-off
and Reviewed-bys are dropped. If Peter, Ingo and Andrea are ok with
this version, I will re-add the signed-offs-by to reflect the history.
In order to facilitate a lazy -- fault driven -- migration of pages, create
a special transient PAGE_NUMA variant, we can then use the 'spurious'
protection faults to drive our migrations from.
The meaning of PAGE_NUMA depends on the architecture but on x86 it is
effectively PROT_NONE. Actual PROT_NONE mappings will not generate these
NUMA faults for the reason that the page fault code checks the permission on
the VMA (and will throw a segmentation fault on actual PROT_NONE mappings),
before it ever calls handle_mm_fault.
[dhillf@gmail.com: Fix typo]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
When we split a transparent hugepage, transfer the NUMA type from the
pmd to the pte if needed.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
With transparent hugepage support, handle_mm_fault() has to be careful
that a normal PMD has been established before handling a PTE fault. To
achieve this, it used __pte_alloc() directly instead of pte_alloc_map
as pte_alloc_map is unsafe to run against a huge PMD. pte_offset_map()
is called once it is known the PMD is safe.
pte_alloc_map() is smart enough to check if a PTE is already present
before calling __pte_alloc but this check was lost. As a consequence,
PTEs may be allocated unnecessarily and the page table lock taken.
Thi useless PTE does get cleaned up but it's a performance hit which
is visible in page_test from aim9.
This patch simply re-adds the check normally done by pte_alloc_map to
check if the PTE needs to be allocated before taking the page table
lock. The effect is noticable in page_test from aim9.
AIM9
2.6.38-vanilla 2.6.38-checkptenone
creat-clo 446.10 ( 0.00%) 424.47 (-5.10%)
page_test 38.10 ( 0.00%) 42.04 ( 9.37%)
brk_test 52.45 ( 0.00%) 51.57 (-1.71%)
exec_test 382.00 ( 0.00%) 456.90 (16.39%)
fork_test 60.11 ( 0.00%) 67.79 (11.34%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 611.90 612.22
(While this affects 2.6.38, it is a performance rather than a
functional bug and normally outside the rules -stable. While the big
performance differences are to a microbench, the difference in fork
and exec performance may be significant enough that -stable wants to
consider the patch)
Reported-by: Raz Ben Yehuda <raziebe@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
[ Picked this up from the AutoNUMA tree to help
it upstream and to allow apples-to-apples
performance comparisons. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Certain configurations won't implicitly pull in <linux/pagemap.h> resulting
in the following build error:
mm/huge_memory.c: In function 'release_pte_page':
mm/huge_memory.c:1697:2: error: implicit declaration of function 'unlock_page' [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
mm/huge_memory.c: In function '__collapse_huge_page_isolate':
mm/huge_memory.c:1757:3: error: implicit declaration of function 'trylock_page' [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
cc1: some warnings being treated as errors
Reported-by: David Daney <david.daney@cavium.com>
Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Invalidation sequences are handled in various ways on various
architectures.
One way, which sparc64 uses, is to let the set_*_at() functions accumulate
pending flushes into a per-cpu array. Then the flush_tlb_range() et al.
calls process the pending TLB flushes.
In this regime, the __tlb_remove_*tlb_entry() implementations are
essentially NOPs.
The canonical PTE zap in mm/memory.c is:
ptent = ptep_get_and_clear_full(mm, addr, pte,
tlb->fullmm);
tlb_remove_tlb_entry(tlb, pte, addr);
With a subsequent tlb_flush_mmu() if needed.
Mirror this in the THP PMD zapping using:
orig_pmd = pmdp_get_and_clear(tlb->mm, addr, pmd);
page = pmd_page(orig_pmd);
tlb_remove_pmd_tlb_entry(tlb, pmd, addr);
And we properly accomodate TLB flush mechanims like the one described
above.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The transparent huge page code passes a PMD pointer in as the third
argument of update_mmu_cache(), which expects a PTE pointer.
This never got noticed because X86 implements update_mmu_cache() as a
macro and thus we don't get any type checking, and X86 is the only
architecture which supports transparent huge pages currently.
Before other architectures can support transparent huge pages properly we
need to add a new interface which will take a PMD pointer as the third
argument rather than a PTE pointer.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: implement update_mm_cache_pmd() for s390]
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a transparent hugepage is mapped and it is included in an mlock()
range, follow_page() incorrectly avoids setting the page's mlock bit and
moving it to the unevictable lru.
This is evident if you try to mlock(), munlock(), and then mlock() a
range again. Currently:
#define MAP_SIZE (4 << 30) /* 4GB */
void *ptr = mmap(NULL, MAP_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, 0, 0);
mlock(ptr, MAP_SIZE);
$ grep -E "Unevictable|Inactive\(anon" /proc/meminfo
Inactive(anon): 6304 kB
Unevictable: 4213924 kB
munlock(ptr, MAP_SIZE);
Inactive(anon): 4186252 kB
Unevictable: 19652 kB
mlock(ptr, MAP_SIZE);
Inactive(anon): 4198556 kB
Unevictable: 21684 kB
Notice that less than 2MB was added to the unevictable list; this is
because these pages in the range are not transparent hugepages since the
4GB range was allocated with mmap() and has no specific alignment. If
posix_memalign() were used instead, unevictable would not have grown at
all on the second mlock().
The fix is to call mlock_vma_page() so that the mlock bit is set and the
page is added to the unevictable list. With this patch:
mlock(ptr, MAP_SIZE);
Inactive(anon): 4056 kB
Unevictable: 4213940 kB
munlock(ptr, MAP_SIZE);
Inactive(anon): 4198268 kB
Unevictable: 19636 kB
mlock(ptr, MAP_SIZE);
Inactive(anon): 4008 kB
Unevictable: 4213940 kB
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In order to allow sleeping during mmu notifier calls, we need to avoid
invoking them under the page table spinlock. This patch solves the
problem by calling invalidate_page notification after releasing the lock
(but before freeing the page itself), or by wrapping the page invalidation
with calls to invalidate_range_begin and invalidate_range_end.
To prevent accidental changes to the invalidate_range_end arguments after
the call to invalidate_range_begin, the patch introduces a convention of
saving the arguments in consistently named locals:
unsigned long mmun_start; /* For mmu_notifiers */
unsigned long mmun_end; /* For mmu_notifiers */
...
mmun_start = ...
mmun_end = ...
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(mm, mmun_start, mmun_end);
...
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(mm, mmun_start, mmun_end);
The patch changes code to use this convention for all calls to
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start/end, except those where the calls are
close enough so that anyone who glances at the code can see the values
aren't changing.
This patchset is a preliminary step towards on-demand paging design to be
added to the RDMA stack.
Why do we want on-demand paging for Infiniband?
Applications register memory with an RDMA adapter using system calls,
and subsequently post IO operations that refer to the corresponding
virtual addresses directly to HW. Until now, this was achieved by
pinning the memory during the registration calls. The goal of on demand
paging is to avoid pinning the pages of registered memory regions (MRs).
This will allow users the same flexibility they get when swapping any
other part of their processes address spaces. Instead of requiring the
entire MR to fit in physical memory, we can allow the MR to be larger,
and only fit the current working set in physical memory.
Why should anyone care? What problems are users currently experiencing?
This can make programming with RDMA much simpler. Today, developers
that are working with more data than their RAM can hold need either to
deregister and reregister memory regions throughout their process's
life, or keep a single memory region and copy the data to it. On demand
paging will allow these developers to register a single MR at the
beginning of their process's life, and let the operating system manage
which pages needs to be fetched at a given time. In the future, we
might be able to provide a single memory access key for each process
that would provide the entire process's address as one large memory
region, and the developers wouldn't need to register memory regions at
all.
Is there any prospect that any other subsystems will utilise these
infrastructural changes? If so, which and how, etc?
As for other subsystems, I understand that XPMEM wanted to sleep in
MMU notifiers, as Christoph Lameter wrote at
http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0802.1/0460.html and
perhaps Andrea knows about other use cases.
Scheduling in mmu notifications is required since we need to sync the
hardware with the secondary page tables change. A TLB flush of an IO
device is inherently slower than a CPU TLB flush, so our design works by
sending the invalidation request to the device, and waiting for an
interrupt before exiting the mmu notifier handler.
Avi said:
kvm may be a buyer. kvm::mmu_lock, which serializes guest page
faults, also protects long operations such as destroying large ranges.
It would be good to convert it into a spinlock, but as it is used inside
mmu notifiers, this cannot be done.
(there are alternatives, such as keeping the spinlock and using a
generation counter to do the teardown in O(1), which is what the "may"
is doing up there).
[akpm@linux-foundation.orgpossible speed tweak in hugetlb_cow(), cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagig@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Haggai Eran <haggaie@mellanox.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Or Gerlitz <ogerlitz@mellanox.com>
Cc: Haggai Eran <haggaie@mellanox.com>
Cc: Shachar Raindel <raindel@mellanox.com>
Cc: Liran Liss <liranl@mellanox.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The update_mmu_cache() takes a pointer (to pte_t by default) as the last
argument but the huge_memory.c passes a pmd_t value. The patch changes
the argument to the pmd_t * pointer.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Steve Capper <steve.capper@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Reviewed-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If NUMA is enabled, the indicator is not reset if the previous page
request failed, ausing us to trigger the BUG_ON() in
khugepaged_alloc_page().
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In file and anon rmap, we use interval trees to find potentially relevant
vmas and then call vma_address() to find the virtual address the given
page might be found at in these vmas. vma_address() used to include a
check that the returned address falls within the limits of the vma, but
this check isn't necessary now that we always use interval trees in rmap:
the interval tree just doesn't return any vmas which this check would find
to be irrelevant. As a result, we can replace the use of -EFAULT error
code (which then needed to be checked in every call site) with a
VM_BUG_ON().
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Daniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a large VMA (anon or private file mapping) is first touched, which
will populate its anon_vma field, and then split into many regions through
the use of mprotect(), the original anon_vma ends up linking all of the
vmas on a linked list. This can cause rmap to become inefficient, as we
have to walk potentially thousands of irrelevent vmas before finding the
one a given anon page might fall into.
By replacing the same_anon_vma linked list with an interval tree (where
each avc's interval is determined by its vma's start and last pgoffs), we
can make rmap efficient for this use case again.
While the change is large, all of its pieces are fairly simple.
Most places that were walking the same_anon_vma list were looking for a
known pgoff, so they can just use the anon_vma_interval_tree_foreach()
interval tree iterator instead. The exception here is ksm, where the
page's index is not known. It would probably be possible to rework ksm so
that the index would be known, but for now I have decided to keep things
simple and just walk the entirety of the interval tree there.
When updating vma's that already have an anon_vma assigned, we must take
care to re-index the corresponding avc's on their interval tree. This is
done through the use of anon_vma_interval_tree_pre_update_vma() and
anon_vma_interval_tree_post_update_vma(), which remove the avc's from
their interval tree before the update and re-insert them after the update.
The anon_vma stays locked during the update, so there is no chance that
rmap would miss the vmas that are being updated.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Daniel Santos <daniel.santos@pobox.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This adds a check to hugepage_madvise(), to refuse MADV_HUGEPAGE if
VM_NOHUGEPAGE is set in mm->def_flags. On s390, the VM_NOHUGEPAGE flag
will be set in mm->def_flags for kvm processes, to prevent any future thp
mappings. In order to also prevent MADV_HUGEPAGE on such an mm,
hugepage_madvise() should check mm->def_flags.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On s390, a valid page table entry must not be changed while it is attached
to any CPU. So instead of pmd_mknotpresent() and set_pmd_at(), an IDTE
operation would be necessary there. This patch introduces the
pmdp_invalidate() function, to allow architecture-specific
implementations.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The thp page table pre-allocation code currently assumes that pgtable_t is
of type "struct page *". This may not be true for all architectures, so
this patch removes that assumption by replacing the functions
prepare_pmd_huge_pte() and get_pmd_huge_pte() with two new functions that
can be defined architecture-specific.
It also removes two VM_BUG_ON checks for page_count() and page_mapcount()
operating on a pgtable_t. Apart from the VM_BUG_ON removal, there will be
no functional change introduced by this patch.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since it is called in start_khugepaged
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use khugepaged_enabled to see whether thp is enabled
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
They are used to abstract the difference between NUMA enabled and NUMA
disabled to make the code more readable
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If NUMA is enabled, we can release the page in the page pre-alloc
operation, then the CONFIG_NUMA dependent code can be reduced
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are two pre-alloc operations in these two function, the different is:
- it allows to sleep if page alloc fail in khugepaged_loop
- it exits immediately if page alloc fail in khugepaged_do_scan
Actually, in khugepaged_do_scan, we can allow the pre-alloc to sleep on
the first failure, then the operation in khugepaged_loop can be removed
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If NUMA is disabled, hpage is used as page pre-alloc, so there are two
cases for hpage:
- it is !NULL, means the page is not consumed otherwise,
- the page has been consumed
If NUMA is enabled, hpage is just used as alloc-fail indicator which is
not a real page, NULL means not fail triggered.
So, we can release the page only if !IS_ERR_OR_NULL
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add the check of kthread_should_stop() to the conditions which are used to
wakeup on khugepaged_wait, then kthread_stop is enough to let the thread
exit
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now, khugepaged creation and cancel are completely serial under the
protection of khugepaged_mutex, it is impossible that many khugepaged
entities are running
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, hugepaged_mutex is used really complexly and hard to
understand, actually, it is just used to serialize start_khugepaged and
khugepaged for these reasons:
- khugepaged_thread is shared between them
- the thp disable path (echo never > transparent_hugepage/enabled) is
nonblocking, so we need to protect khugepaged_thread to get a stable
running state
These can be avoided by:
- use the lock to serialize the thread creation and cancel
- thp disable path can not finised until the thread exits
Then khugepaged_thread is fully controlled by start_khugepaged, khugepaged
will be happy without the lock
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The check is unnecessary since if mm_slot_cache or mm_slots_hash
initialize failed, no sysfs interface will be created
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
THP_COLLAPSE_ALLOC is double counted if NUMA is disabled since it has
already been calculated in khugepaged_alloc_hugepage
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge VM_INSERTPAGE into VM_MIXEDMAP. VM_MIXEDMAP VMA can mix pure-pfn
ptes, special ptes and normal ptes.
Now copy_page_range() always copies VM_MIXEDMAP VMA on fork like
VM_PFNMAP. If driver populates whole VMA at mmap() it probably not
expects page-faults.
This patch removes special check from vma_wants_writenotify() which
disables pages write tracking for VMA populated via vm_instert_page().
BDI below mapped file should not use dirty-accounting, moreover
do_wp_page() can handle this.
vm_insert_page() still marks vma after first usage. Usually it is called
from f_op->mmap() handler under mm->mmap_sem write-lock, so it able to
change vma->vm_flags. Caller must set VM_MIXEDMAP at mmap time if it
wants to call this function from other places, for example from page-fault
handler.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: Kentaro Takeda <takedakn@nttdata.co.jp>
Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
