Commit b46e756f5e ("thp: extract khugepaged from mm/huge_memory.c")
moved code from huge_memory.c to khugepaged.c. Some of this code should
be compiled only when CONFIG_SYSFS is enabled but the condition around
this code was not moved into khugepaged.c.
The result is a compilation error when CONFIG_SYSFS is disabled:
mm/built-in.o: In function `khugepaged_defrag_store': khugepaged.c:(.text+0x2d095): undefined reference to `single_hugepage_flag_store'
mm/built-in.o: In function `khugepaged_defrag_show': khugepaged.c:(.text+0x2d0ab): undefined reference to `single_hugepage_flag_show'
This commit adds the #ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS around the code related to
sysfs.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161114203448.24197-1-jeremy.lefaure@lse.epita.fr
Signed-off-by: Jérémy Lefaure <jeremy.lefaure@lse.epita.fr>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Linus found there still is a race in mremap after commit 5d1904204c
("mremap: fix race between mremap() and page cleanning").
As described by Linus:
"the issue is that another thread might make the pte be dirty (in the
hardware walker, so no locking of ours will make any difference)
*after* we checked whether it was dirty, but *before* we removed it
from the page tables"
Fix it by moving the check after we removed it from the page table.
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It is the reasonable expectation that if an executable file is not
readable there will be no way for a user without special privileges to
read the file. This is enforced in ptrace_attach but if ptrace
is already attached before exec there is no enforcement for read-only
executables.
As the only way to read such an mm is through access_process_vm
spin a variant called ptrace_access_vm that will fail if the
target process is not being ptraced by the current process, or
the current process did not have sufficient privileges when ptracing
began to read the target processes mm.
In the ptrace implementations replace access_process_vm by
ptrace_access_vm. There remain several ptrace sites that still use
access_process_vm as they are reading the target executables
instructions (for kernel consumption) or register stacks. As such it
does not appear necessary to add a permission check to those calls.
This bug has always existed in Linux.
Fixes: v1.0
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
During exec dumpable is cleared if the file that is being executed is
not readable by the user executing the file. A bug in
ptrace_may_access allows reading the file if the executable happens to
enter into a subordinate user namespace (aka clone(CLONE_NEWUSER),
unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER), or setns(fd, CLONE_NEWUSER).
This problem is fixed with only necessary userspace breakage by adding
a user namespace owner to mm_struct, captured at the time of exec, so
it is clear in which user namespace CAP_SYS_PTRACE must be present in
to be able to safely give read permission to the executable.
The function ptrace_may_access is modified to verify that the ptracer
has CAP_SYS_ADMIN in task->mm->user_ns instead of task->cred->user_ns.
This ensures that if the task changes it's cred into a subordinate
user namespace it does not become ptraceable.
The function ptrace_attach is modified to only set PT_PTRACE_CAP when
CAP_SYS_PTRACE is held over task->mm->user_ns. The intent of
PT_PTRACE_CAP is to be a flag to note that whatever permission changes
the task might go through the tracer has sufficient permissions for
it not to be an issue. task->cred->user_ns is always the same
as or descendent of mm->user_ns. Which guarantees that having
CAP_SYS_PTRACE over mm->user_ns is the worst case for the tasks
credentials.
To prevent regressions mm->dumpable and mm->user_ns are not considered
when a task has no mm. As simply failing ptrace_may_attach causes
regressions in privileged applications attempting to read things
such as /proc/<pid>/stat
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Tested-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Fixes: 8409cca705 ("userns: allow ptrace from non-init user namespaces")
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Prior to 3.15, there was a race between zap_pte_range() and
page_mkclean() where writes to a page could be lost. Dave Hansen
discovered by inspection that there is a similar race between
move_ptes() and page_mkclean().
We've been able to reproduce the issue by enlarging the race window with
a msleep(), but have not been able to hit it without modifying the code.
So, we think it's a real issue, but is difficult or impossible to hit in
practice.
The zap_pte_range() issue is fixed by commit 1cf35d47712d("mm: split
'tlb_flush_mmu()' into tlb flushing and memory freeing parts"). And
this patch is to fix the race between page_mkclean() and mremap().
Here is one possible way to hit the race: suppose a process mmapped a
file with READ | WRITE and SHARED, it has two threads and they are bound
to 2 different CPUs, e.g. CPU1 and CPU2. mmap returned X, then thread
1 did a write to addr X so that CPU1 now has a writable TLB for addr X
on it. Thread 2 starts mremaping from addr X to Y while thread 1
cleaned the page and then did another write to the old addr X again.
The 2nd write from thread 1 could succeed but the value will get lost.
thread 1 thread 2
(bound to CPU1) (bound to CPU2)
1: write 1 to addr X to get a
writeable TLB on this CPU
2: mremap starts
3: move_ptes emptied PTE for addr X
and setup new PTE for addr Y and
then dropped PTL for X and Y
4: page laundering for N by doing
fadvise FADV_DONTNEED. When done,
pageframe N is deemed clean.
5: *write 2 to addr X
6: tlb flush for addr X
7: munmap (Y, pagesize) to make the
page unmapped
8: fadvise with FADV_DONTNEED again
to kick the page off the pagecache
9: pread the page from file to verify
the value. If 1 is there, it means
we have lost the written 2.
*the write may or may not cause segmentation fault, it depends on
if the TLB is still on the CPU.
Please note that this is only one specific way of how the race could
occur, it didn't mean that the race could only occur in exact the above
config, e.g. more than 2 threads could be involved and fadvise() could
be done in another thread, etc.
For anonymous pages, they could race between mremap() and page reclaim:
THP: a huge PMD is moved by mremap to a new huge PMD, then the new huge
PMD gets unmapped/splitted/pagedout before the flush tlb happened for
the old huge PMD in move_page_tables() and we could still write data to
it. The normal anonymous page has similar situation.
To fix this, check for any dirty PTE in move_ptes()/move_huge_pmd() and
if any, did the flush before dropping the PTL. If we did the flush for
every move_ptes()/move_huge_pmd() call then we do not need to do the
flush in move_pages_tables() for the whole range. But if we didn't, we
still need to do the whole range flush.
Alternatively, we can track which part of the range is flushed in
move_ptes()/move_huge_pmd() and which didn't to avoid flushing the whole
range in move_page_tables(). But that would require multiple tlb
flushes for the different sub-ranges and should be less efficient than
the single whole range flush.
KBuild test on my Sandybridge desktop doesn't show any noticeable change.
v4.9-rc4:
real 5m14.048s
user 32m19.800s
sys 4m50.320s
With this commit:
real 5m13.888s
user 32m19.330s
sys 4m51.200s
Reported-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Limit the number of kmemleak false positives by including
.data.ro_after_init in memory scanning. To achieve this we need to add
symbols for start and end of the section to the linker scripts.
The problem was been uncovered by commit 56989f6d85 ("genetlink: mark
families as __ro_after_init").
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1478274173-15218-1-git-send-email-jakub.kicinski@netronome.com
Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While testing OBJFREELIST_SLAB integration with pagealloc, we found a
bug where kmem_cache(sys) would be created with both CFLGS_OFF_SLAB &
CFLGS_OBJFREELIST_SLAB. When it happened, critical allocations needed
for loading drivers or creating new caches will fail.
The original kmem_cache is created early making OFF_SLAB not possible.
When kmem_cache(sys) is created, OFF_SLAB is possible and if pagealloc
is enabled it will try to enable it first under certain conditions.
Given kmem_cache(sys) reuses the original flag, you can have both flags
at the same time resulting in allocation failures and odd behaviors.
This fix discards allocator specific flags from memcg before calling
create_cache.
The bug exists since 4.6-rc1 and affects testing debug pagealloc
configurations.
Fixes: b03a017beb ("mm/slab: introduce new slab management type, OBJFREELIST_SLAB")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1478553075-120242-1-git-send-email-thgarnie@google.com
Signed-off-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Tested-by: Thomas Garnier <thgarnie@google.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Starting from 4.9-rc1 kernel, I started noticing some test failures of
sendfile(2) and splice(2) (sendfile0N and splice01 from LTP) when
testing on sub-page block size filesystems (tested both XFS and ext4),
these syscalls start to return EIO in the tests. e.g.
sendfile02 1 TFAIL : sendfile02.c:133: sendfile(2) failed to return expected value, expected: 26, got: -1
sendfile02 2 TFAIL : sendfile02.c:133: sendfile(2) failed to return expected value, expected: 24, got: -1
sendfile02 3 TFAIL : sendfile02.c:133: sendfile(2) failed to return expected value, expected: 22, got: -1
sendfile02 4 TFAIL : sendfile02.c:133: sendfile(2) failed to return expected value, expected: 20, got: -1
This is because that in sub-page block size cases, we don't need the
whole page to be uptodate, only the part we care about is uptodate is OK
(if fs has ->is_partially_uptodate defined).
But page_cache_pipe_buf_confirm() doesn't have the ability to check the
partially-uptodate case, it needs the whole page to be uptodate. So it
returns EIO in this case.
This is a regression introduced by commit 82c156f853 ("switch
generic_file_splice_read() to use of ->read_iter()"). Prior to the
change, generic_file_splice_read() doesn't allow partially-uptodate page
either, so it worked fine.
Fix it by skipping the partially-uptodate check if we're working on a
pipe in do_generic_file_read(), so we read the whole page from disk as
long as the page is not uptodate.
I think the other way to fix it is to add the ability to check & allow
partially-uptodate page to page_cache_pipe_buf_confirm(), but that is
much harder to do and seems gain little.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1477986187-12717-1-git-send-email-guaneryu@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eryu Guan <guaneryu@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Error paths in hugetlb_cow() and hugetlb_no_page() may free a newly
allocated huge page.
If a reservation was associated with the huge page, alloc_huge_page()
consumed the reservation while allocating. When the newly allocated
page is freed in free_huge_page(), it will increment the global
reservation count. However, the reservation entry in the reserve map
will remain.
This is not an issue for shared mappings as the entry in the reserve map
indicates a reservation exists. But, an entry in a private mapping
reserve map indicates the reservation was consumed and no longer exists.
This results in an inconsistency between the reserve map and the global
reservation count. This 'leaks' a reserved huge page.
Create a new routine restore_reserve_on_error() to restore the reserve
entry in these specific error paths. This routine makes use of a new
function vma_add_reservation() which will add a reserve entry for a
specific address/page.
In general, these error paths were rarely (if ever) taken on most
architectures. However, powerpc contained arch specific code that that
resulted in an extra fault and execution of these error paths on all
private mappings.
Fixes: 67961f9db8 ("mm/hugetlb: fix huge page reserve accounting for private mappings)
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1476933077-23091-2-git-send-email-mike.kravetz@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Reported-by: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Kirill A . Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When memory_failure() runs on a thp tail page after pmd is split, we
trigger the following VM_BUG_ON_PAGE():
page:ffffd7cd819b0040 count:0 mapcount:0 mapping: (null) index:0x1
flags: 0x1fffc000400000(hwpoison)
page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!page_count(p))
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at /src/linux-dev/mm/memory-failure.c:1132!
memory_failure() passed refcount and page lock from tail page to head
page, which is not needed because we can pass any subpage to
split_huge_page().
Fixes: 61f5d698cc ("mm: re-enable THP")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1477961577-7183-1-git-send-email-n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.5+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When root activates a swap partition whose header has the wrong
endianness, nr_badpages elements of badpages are swabbed before
nr_badpages has been checked, leading to a buffer overrun of up to 8GB.
This normally is not a security issue because it can only be exploited
by root (more specifically, a process with CAP_SYS_ADMIN or the ability
to modify a swap file/partition), and such a process can already e.g.
modify swapped-out memory of any other userspace process on the system.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1477949533-2509-1-git-send-email-jann@thejh.net
Signed-off-by: Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
CMA allocation request size is represented by size_t that gets truncated
when same is passed as int to bitmap_find_next_zero_area_off.
We observe that during fuzz testing when cma allocation request is too
high, bitmap_find_next_zero_area_off still returns success due to the
truncation. This leads to kernel crash, as subsequent code assumes that
requested memory is available.
Fail cma allocation in case the request breaches the corresponding cma
region size.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1478189211-3467-1-git-send-email-shashim@codeaurora.org
Signed-off-by: Shiraz Hashim <shashim@codeaurora.org>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If shmem_alloc_page() does not set PageLocked and PageSwapBacked, then
shmem_replace_page() needs to do so for itself. Without this, it puts
newpage on the wrong lru, re-unlocks the unlocked newpage, and system
descends into "Bad page" reports and freeze; or if CONFIG_DEBUG_VM=y, it
hits an earlier VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked), depending on config.
But shmem_replace_page() is not a common path: it's only called when
swapin (or swapoff) finds the page was already read into an unsuitable
zone: usually all zones are suitable, but gem objects for a few drm
devices (gma500, omapdrm, crestline, broadwater) require zone DMA32 if
there's more than 4GB of ram.
Fixes: 800d8c63b2 ("shmem: add huge pages support")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LSU.2.11.1611062003510.11253@eggly.anvils
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.8.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The flush_icache_range() API is meant to be used on kernel addresses
only as it may not have the infrastructure (exception entries) to handle
user memory faults.
The lkdtm execute_user_location() function tests the kernel execution of
user space addresses by mmap'ing an anonymous page, copying some code
together with cache maintenance and attempting to run it. However, the
cache maintenance step may fail because of the incorrect API usage
described above. The patch changes lkdtm to use access_process_vm() for
copying the code into user space which would take care of the necessary
cache maintenance.
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
[kees: export access_process_vm() for module use]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Note in the bdi_writeback structure whenever a task ends up sleeping
waiting for progress. We can use that information in the lower layers
to increase the priority of writes.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
DAX PMDs have been disabled since Jan Kara introduced DAX radix tree based
locking. This patch allows DAX PMDs to participate in the DAX radix tree
based locking scheme so that they can be re-enabled using the new struct
iomap based fault handlers.
There are currently three types of DAX 4k entries: 4k zero pages, 4k DAX
mappings that have an associated block allocation, and 4k DAX empty
entries. The empty entries exist to provide locking for the duration of a
given page fault.
This patch adds three equivalent 2MiB DAX entries: Huge Zero Page (HZP)
entries, PMD DAX entries that have associated block allocations, and 2 MiB
DAX empty entries.
Unlike the 4k case where we insert a struct page* into the radix tree for
4k zero pages, for HZP we insert a DAX exceptional entry with the new
RADIX_DAX_HZP flag set. This is because we use a single 2 MiB zero page in
every 2MiB hole mapping, and it doesn't make sense to have that same struct
page* with multiple entries in multiple trees. This would cause contention
on the single page lock for the one Huge Zero Page, and it would break the
page->index and page->mapping associations that are assumed to be valid in
many other places in the kernel.
One difficult use case is when one thread is trying to use 4k entries in
radix tree for a given offset, and another thread is using 2 MiB entries
for that same offset. The current code handles this by making the 2 MiB
user fall back to 4k entries for most cases. This was done because it is
the simplest solution, and because the use of 2MiB pages is already
opportunistic.
If we were to try to upgrade from 4k pages to 2MiB pages for a given range,
we run into the problem of how we lock out 4k page faults for the entire
2MiB range while we clean out the radix tree so we can insert the 2MiB
entry. We can solve this problem if we need to, but I think that the cases
where both 2MiB entries and 4K entries are being used for the same range
will be rare enough and the gain small enough that it probably won't be
worth the complexity.
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
DAX radix tree locking currently locks entries based on the unique
combination of the 'mapping' pointer and the pgoff_t 'index' for the entry.
This works for PTEs, but as we move to PMDs we will need to have all the
offsets within the range covered by the PMD to map to the same bit lock.
To accomplish this, for ranges covered by a PMD entry we will instead lock
based on the page offset of the beginning of the PMD entry. The 'mapping'
pointer is still used in the same way.
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Add wbc_to_write_flags(), which returns the write modifier flags to use,
based on a struct writeback_control. No functional changes in this
patch, but it prepares us for factoring other wbc fields for write type.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
The stack frame size could grow too large when the plugin used long long
on 32-bit architectures when the given function had too many basic blocks.
The gcc warning was:
drivers/pci/hotplug/ibmphp_ebda.c: In function 'ibmphp_access_ebda':
drivers/pci/hotplug/ibmphp_ebda.c:409:1: warning: the frame size of 1108 bytes is larger than 1024 bytes [-Wframe-larger-than=]
This switches latent_entropy from u64 to unsigned long.
Thanks to PaX Team and Emese Revfy for the patch.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Merge misc fixes from Andrew Morton:
"20 fixes"
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>:
drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grumain.c: remove bogus 0x prefix from printk
cris/arch-v32: cryptocop: print a hex number after a 0x prefix
ipack: print a hex number after a 0x prefix
block: DAC960: print a hex number after a 0x prefix
fs: exofs: print a hex number after a 0x prefix
lib/genalloc.c: start search from start of chunk
mm: memcontrol: do not recurse in direct reclaim
CREDITS: update credit information for Martin Kepplinger
proc: fix NULL dereference when reading /proc/<pid>/auxv
mm: kmemleak: ensure that the task stack is not freed during scanning
lib/stackdepot.c: bump stackdepot capacity from 16MB to 128MB
latent_entropy: raise CONFIG_FRAME_WARN by default
kconfig.h: remove config_enabled() macro
ipc: account for kmem usage on mqueue and msg
mm/slab: improve performance of gathering slabinfo stats
mm: page_alloc: use KERN_CONT where appropriate
mm/list_lru.c: avoid error-path NULL pointer deref
h8300: fix syscall restarting
kcov: properly check if we are in an interrupt
mm/slab: fix kmemcg cache creation delayed issue
On 4.0, we saw a stack corruption from a page fault entering direct
memory cgroup reclaim, calling into btrfs_releasepage(), which then
tried to allocate an extent and recursed back into a kmem charge ad
nauseam:
[...]
btrfs_releasepage+0x2c/0x30
try_to_release_page+0x32/0x50
shrink_page_list+0x6da/0x7a0
shrink_inactive_list+0x1e5/0x510
shrink_lruvec+0x605/0x7f0
shrink_zone+0xee/0x320
do_try_to_free_pages+0x174/0x440
try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages+0xa7/0x130
try_charge+0x17b/0x830
memcg_charge_kmem+0x40/0x80
new_slab+0x2d9/0x5a0
__slab_alloc+0x2fd/0x44f
kmem_cache_alloc+0x193/0x1e0
alloc_extent_state+0x21/0xc0
__clear_extent_bit+0x2b5/0x400
try_release_extent_mapping+0x1a3/0x220
__btrfs_releasepage+0x31/0x70
btrfs_releasepage+0x2c/0x30
try_to_release_page+0x32/0x50
shrink_page_list+0x6da/0x7a0
shrink_inactive_list+0x1e5/0x510
shrink_lruvec+0x605/0x7f0
shrink_zone+0xee/0x320
do_try_to_free_pages+0x174/0x440
try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages+0xa7/0x130
try_charge+0x17b/0x830
mem_cgroup_try_charge+0x65/0x1c0
handle_mm_fault+0x117f/0x1510
__do_page_fault+0x177/0x420
do_page_fault+0xc/0x10
page_fault+0x22/0x30
On later kernels, kmem charging is opt-in rather than opt-out, and that
particular kmem allocation in btrfs_releasepage() is no longer being
charged and won't recurse and overrun the stack anymore.
But it's not impossible for an accounted allocation to happen from the
memcg direct reclaim context, and we needed to reproduce this crash many
times before we even got a useful stack trace out of it.
Like other direct reclaimers, mark tasks in memcg reclaim PF_MEMALLOC to
avoid recursing into any other form of direct reclaim. Then let
recursive charges from PF_MEMALLOC contexts bypass the cgroup limit.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161025141050.GA13019@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 68f24b08ee ("sched/core: Free the stack early if
CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK") may cause the task->stack to be freed
during kmemleak_scan() execution, leading to either a NULL pointer fault
(if task->stack is NULL) or kmemleak accessing already freed memory.
This patch uses the new try_get_task_stack() API to ensure that the task
stack is not freed during kmemleak stack scanning.
Addresses https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=173901.
Fixes: 68f24b08ee ("sched/core: Free the stack early if CONFIG_THREAD_INFO_IN_TASK")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1476266223-14325-1-git-send-email-catalin.marinas@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Reported-by: CAI Qian <caiqian@redhat.com>
Tested-by: CAI Qian <caiqian@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: CAI Qian <caiqian@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On large systems, when some slab caches grow to millions of objects (and
many gigabytes), running 'cat /proc/slabinfo' can take up to 1-2
seconds. During this time, interrupts are disabled while walking the
slab lists (slabs_full, slabs_partial, and slabs_free) for each node,
and this sometimes causes timeouts in other drivers (for instance,
Infiniband).
This patch optimizes 'cat /proc/slabinfo' by maintaining a counter for
total number of allocated slabs per node, per cache. This counter is
updated when a slab is created or destroyed. This enables us to skip
traversing the slabs_full list while gathering slabinfo statistics, and
since slabs_full tends to be the biggest list when the cache is large,
it results in a dramatic performance improvement. Getting slabinfo
statistics now only requires walking the slabs_free and slabs_partial
lists, and those lists are usually much smaller than slabs_full.
We tested this after growing the dentry cache to 70GB, and the
performance improved from 2s to 5ms.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472517876-26814-1-git-send-email-aruna.ramakrishna@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Aruna Ramakrishna <aruna.ramakrishna@oracle.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
As described in https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=177821:
After some analysis it seems to be that the problem is in alloc_super().
In case list_lru_init_memcg() fails it goes into destroy_super(), which
calls list_lru_destroy().
And in list_lru_init() we see that in case memcg_init_list_lru() fails,
lru->node is freed, but not set NULL, which then leads list_lru_destroy()
to believe it is initialized and call memcg_destroy_list_lru().
memcg_destroy_list_lru() in turn can access lru->node[i].memcg_lrus,
which is NULL.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add comment]
Signed-off-by: Alexander Polakov <apolyakov@beget.ru>
Acked-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is a bug report that SLAB makes extreme load average due to over
2000 kworker thread.
https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=172981
This issue is caused by kmemcg feature that try to create new set of
kmem_caches for each memcg. Recently, kmem_cache creation is slowed by
synchronize_sched() and futher kmem_cache creation is also delayed since
kmem_cache creation is synchronized by a global slab_mutex lock. So,
the number of kworker that try to create kmem_cache increases quietly.
synchronize_sched() is for lockless access to node's shared array but
it's not needed when a new kmem_cache is created. So, this patch rules
out that case.
Fixes: 801faf0db8 ("mm/slab: lockless decision to grow cache")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1475734855-4837-1-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Reported-by: Doug Smythies <dsmythies@telus.net>
Tested-by: Doug Smythies <dsmythies@telus.net>
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
No, KASAN may not be able to co-exist with HOTPLUG_MEMORY at runtime,
but for build testing there is no reason not to allow them together.
This hopefully means better build coverage and fewer embarrasing silly
problems like the one fixed by commit 9db4f36e82 ("mm: remove unused
variable in memory hotplug") in the future.
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When I removed the per-zone bitlock hashed waitqueues in commit
9dcb8b685f ("mm: remove per-zone hashtable of bitlock waitqueues"), I
removed all the magic hotplug memory initialization of said waitqueues
too.
But when I actually _tested_ the resulting build, I stupidly assumed
that "allmodconfig" would enable memory hotplug. And it doesn't,
because it enables KASAN instead, which then disables hotplug memory
support.
As a result, my build test of the per-zone waitqueues was totally
broken, and I didn't notice that the compiler warns about the now unused
iterator variable 'i'.
I guess I should be happy that that seems to be the worst breakage from
my clearly horribly failed test coverage.
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The per-zone waitqueues exist because of a scalability issue with the
page waitqueues on some NUMA machines, but it turns out that they hurt
normal loads, and now with the vmalloced stacks they also end up
breaking gfs2 that uses a bit_wait on a stack object:
wait_on_bit(&gh->gh_iflags, HIF_WAIT, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE)
where 'gh' can be a reference to the local variable 'mount_gh' on the
stack of fill_super().
The reason the per-zone hash table breaks for this case is that there is
no "zone" for virtual allocations, and trying to look up the physical
page to get at it will fail (with a BUG_ON()).
It turns out that I actually complained to the mm people about the
per-zone hash table for another reason just a month ago: the zone lookup
also hurts the regular use of "unlock_page()" a lot, because the zone
lookup ends up forcing several unnecessary cache misses and generates
horrible code.
As part of that earlier discussion, we had a much better solution for
the NUMA scalability issue - by just making the page lock have a
separate contention bit, the waitqueue doesn't even have to be looked at
for the normal case.
Peter Zijlstra already has a patch for that, but let's see if anybody
even notices. In the meantime, let's fix the actual gfs2 breakage by
simplifying the bitlock waitqueues and removing the per-zone issue.
Reported-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Linus suggested we try to remove some of the low-hanging fruit related
to kernel address exposure in dmesg. The only leaks I see on my local
system are:
Freeing SMP alternatives memory: 32K (ffffffff9e309000 - ffffffff9e311000)
Freeing initrd memory: 10588K (ffffa0b736b42000 - ffffa0b737599000)
Freeing unused kernel memory: 3592K (ffffffff9df87000 - ffffffff9e309000)
Freeing unused kernel memory: 1352K (ffffa0b7288ae000 - ffffa0b728a00000)
Freeing unused kernel memory: 632K (ffffa0b728d62000 - ffffa0b728e00000)
Linus says:
"I suspect we should just remove [the addresses in the 'Freeing'
messages]. I'm sure they are useful in theory, but I suspect they
were more useful back when the whole "free init memory" was
originally done.
These days, if we have a use-after-free, I suspect the init-mem
situation is the easiest situation by far. Compared to all the dynamic
allocations which are much more likely to show it anyway. So having
debug output for that case is likely not all that productive."
With this patch the freeing messages now look like this:
Freeing SMP alternatives memory: 32K
Freeing initrd memory: 10588K
Freeing unused kernel memory: 3592K
Freeing unused kernel memory: 1352K
Freeing unused kernel memory: 632K
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/6836ff90c45b71d38e5d4405aec56fa9e5d1d4b2.1477405374.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
This patch unexports the low-level __get_user_pages() function.
Recent refactoring of the get_user_pages* functions allow flags to be
passed through get_user_pages() which eliminates the need for access to
this function from its one user, kvm.
We can see that the two calls to get_user_pages() which replace
__get_user_pages() in kvm_main.c are equivalent by examining their call
stacks:
get_user_page_nowait():
get_user_pages(start, 1, flags, page, NULL)
__get_user_pages_locked(current, current->mm, start, 1, page, NULL, NULL,
false, flags | FOLL_TOUCH)
__get_user_pages(current, current->mm, start, 1,
flags | FOLL_TOUCH | FOLL_GET, page, NULL, NULL)
check_user_page_hwpoison():
get_user_pages(addr, 1, flags, NULL, NULL)
__get_user_pages_locked(current, current->mm, addr, 1, NULL, NULL, NULL,
false, flags | FOLL_TOUCH)
__get_user_pages(current, current->mm, addr, 1, flags | FOLL_TOUCH, NULL,
NULL, NULL)
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull vmap stack fixes from Ingo Molnar:
"This is fallout from CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_VMAP_STACK=y on x86: stack
accesses that used to be just somewhat questionable are now totally
buggy.
These changes try to do it without breaking the ABI: the fields are
left there, they are just reporting zero, or reporting narrower
information (the maps file change)"
* 'mm-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
mm: Change vm_is_stack_for_task() to vm_is_stack_for_current()
fs/proc: Stop trying to report thread stacks
fs/proc: Stop reporting eip and esp in /proc/PID/stat
mm/numa: Remove duplicated include from mprotect.c
Asking for a non-current task's stack can't be done without races
unless the task is frozen in kernel mode. As far as I know,
vm_is_stack_for_task() never had a safe non-current use case.
The __unused annotation is because some KSTK_ESP implementations
ignore their parameter, which IMO is further justification for this
patch.
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linux API <linux-api@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Tycho Andersen <tycho.andersen@canonical.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4c3f68f426e6c061ca98b4fc7ef85ffbb0a25b0c.1475257877.git.luto@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The percpu allocator expectedly assumes that the requested alignment
is power of two but hasn't been veryfing the input. If the specified
alignment isn't power of two, the allocator can malfunction. Add the
sanity check.
The following is detailed analysis of the effects of alignments which
aren't power of two.
The alignment must be a even at least since the LSB of a chunk->map
element is used as free/in-use flag of a area; besides, the alignment
must be a power of 2 too since ALIGN() doesn't work well for other
alignment always but is adopted by pcpu_fit_in_area(). IOW, the
current allocator only works well for a power of 2 aligned area
allocation.
See below opposite example for why an odd alignment doesn't work.
Let's assume area [16, 36) is free but its previous one is in-use, we
want to allocate a @size == 8 and @align == 7 area. The larger area
[16, 36) is split to three areas [16, 21), [21, 29), [29, 36)
eventually. However, due to the usage for a chunk->map element, the
actual offset of the aim area [21, 29) is 21 but is recorded in
relevant element as 20; moreover, the residual tail free area [29,
36) is mistook as in-use and is lost silently
Unlike macro roundup(), ALIGN(x, a) doesn't work if @a isn't a power
of 2 for example, roundup(10, 6) == 12 but ALIGN(10, 6) == 10, and
the latter result isn't desired obviously.
tj: Code style and patch description updates.
Signed-off-by: zijun_hu <zijun_hu@htc.com>
Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Merge the gup_flags cleanups from Lorenzo Stoakes:
"This patch series adjusts functions in the get_user_pages* family such
that desired FOLL_* flags are passed as an argument rather than
implied by flags.
The purpose of this change is to make the use of FOLL_FORCE explicit
so it is easier to grep for and clearer to callers that this flag is
being used. The use of FOLL_FORCE is an issue as it overrides missing
VM_READ/VM_WRITE flags for the VMA whose pages we are reading
from/writing to, which can result in surprising behaviour.
The patch series came out of the discussion around commit 38e0885465
("mm: check VMA flags to avoid invalid PROT_NONE NUMA balancing"),
which addressed a BUG_ON() being triggered when a page was faulted in
with PROT_NONE set but having been overridden by FOLL_FORCE.
do_numa_page() was run on the assumption the page _must_ be one marked
for NUMA node migration as an actual PROT_NONE page would have been
dealt with prior to this code path, however FOLL_FORCE introduced a
situation where this assumption did not hold.
See
https://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=147585445805166
for the patch proposal"
Additionally, there's a fix for an ancient bug related to FOLL_FORCE and
FOLL_WRITE by me.
[ This branch was rebased recently to add a few more acked-by's and
reviewed-by's ]
* gup_flag-cleanups:
mm: replace access_process_vm() write parameter with gup_flags
mm: replace access_remote_vm() write parameter with gup_flags
mm: replace __access_remote_vm() write parameter with gup_flags
mm: replace get_user_pages_remote() write/force parameters with gup_flags
mm: replace get_user_pages() write/force parameters with gup_flags
mm: replace get_vaddr_frames() write/force parameters with gup_flags
mm: replace get_user_pages_locked() write/force parameters with gup_flags
mm: replace get_user_pages_unlocked() write/force parameters with gup_flags
mm: remove write/force parameters from __get_user_pages_unlocked()
mm: remove write/force parameters from __get_user_pages_locked()
mm: remove gup_flags FOLL_WRITE games from __get_user_pages()
This removes the 'write' argument from access_process_vm() and replaces
it with 'gup_flags' as use of this function previously silently implied
FOLL_FORCE, whereas after this patch callers explicitly pass this flag.
We make this explicit as use of FOLL_FORCE can result in surprising
behaviour (and hence bugs) within the mm subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This removes the 'write' argument from access_remote_vm() and replaces
it with 'gup_flags' as use of this function previously silently implied
FOLL_FORCE, whereas after this patch callers explicitly pass this flag.
We make this explicit as use of FOLL_FORCE can result in surprising
behaviour (and hence bugs) within the mm subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This removes the 'write' argument from __access_remote_vm() and replaces
it with 'gup_flags' as use of this function previously silently implied
FOLL_FORCE, whereas after this patch callers explicitly pass this flag.
We make this explicit as use of FOLL_FORCE can result in surprising
behaviour (and hence bugs) within the mm subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This removes the 'write' and 'force' from get_user_pages_remote() and
replaces them with 'gup_flags' to make the use of FOLL_FORCE explicit in
callers as use of this flag can result in surprising behaviour (and
hence bugs) within the mm subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This removes the 'write' and 'force' from get_user_pages() and replaces
them with 'gup_flags' to make the use of FOLL_FORCE explicit in callers
as use of this flag can result in surprising behaviour (and hence bugs)
within the mm subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Christian König <christian.koenig@amd.com>
Acked-by: Jesper Nilsson <jesper.nilsson@axis.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This removes the 'write' and 'force' from get_vaddr_frames() and
replaces them with 'gup_flags' to make the use of FOLL_FORCE explicit in
callers as use of this flag can result in surprising behaviour (and
hence bugs) within the mm subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This removes the 'write' and 'force' use from get_user_pages_locked()
and replaces them with 'gup_flags' to make the use of FOLL_FORCE
explicit in callers as use of this flag can result in surprising
behaviour (and hence bugs) within the mm subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This removes the 'write' and 'force' use from get_user_pages_unlocked()
and replaces them with 'gup_flags' to make the use of FOLL_FORCE
explicit in callers as use of this flag can result in surprising
behaviour (and hence bugs) within the mm subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This removes the redundant 'write' and 'force' parameters from
__get_user_pages_unlocked() to make the use of FOLL_FORCE explicit in
callers as use of this flag can result in surprising behaviour (and
hence bugs) within the mm subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This removes the redundant 'write' and 'force' parameters from
__get_user_pages_locked() to make the use of FOLL_FORCE explicit in
callers as use of this flag can result in surprising behaviour (and
hence bugs) within the mm subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is an ancient bug that was actually attempted to be fixed once
(badly) by me eleven years ago in commit 4ceb5db975 ("Fix
get_user_pages() race for write access") but that was then undone due to
problems on s390 by commit f33ea7f404 ("fix get_user_pages bug").
In the meantime, the s390 situation has long been fixed, and we can now
fix it by checking the pte_dirty() bit properly (and do it better). The
s390 dirty bit was implemented in abf09bed3c ("s390/mm: implement
software dirty bits") which made it into v3.9. Earlier kernels will
have to look at the page state itself.
Also, the VM has become more scalable, and what used a purely
theoretical race back then has become easier to trigger.
To fix it, we introduce a new internal FOLL_COW flag to mark the "yes,
we already did a COW" rather than play racy games with FOLL_WRITE that
is very fundamental, and then use the pte dirty flag to validate that
the FOLL_COW flag is still valid.
Reported-and-tested-by: Phil "not Paul" Oester <kernel@linuxace.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
extract as much possible uncertainty from a running system at boot time as
possible, hoping to capitalize on any possible variation in CPU operation
(due to runtime data differences, hardware differences, SMP ordering,
thermal timing variation, cache behavior, etc).
At the very least, this plugin is a much more comprehensive example for
how to manipulate kernel code using the gcc plugin internals.
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Merge tag 'gcc-plugins-v4.9-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux
Pull gcc plugins update from Kees Cook:
"This adds a new gcc plugin named "latent_entropy". It is designed to
extract as much possible uncertainty from a running system at boot
time as possible, hoping to capitalize on any possible variation in
CPU operation (due to runtime data differences, hardware differences,
SMP ordering, thermal timing variation, cache behavior, etc).
At the very least, this plugin is a much more comprehensive example
for how to manipulate kernel code using the gcc plugin internals"
* tag 'gcc-plugins-v4.9-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kees/linux:
latent_entropy: Mark functions with __latent_entropy
gcc-plugins: Add latent_entropy plugin
Pull percpu updates from Tejun Heo:
- Nick improved generic implementations of percpu operations which
modify the variable and return so that they calculate the physical
address only once.
- percpu_ref percpu <-> atomic mode switching improvements. The
patchset was originally posted about a year ago but fell through the
crack.
- misc non-critical fixes.
* 'for-4.9' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu:
mm/percpu.c: fix potential memory leakage for pcpu_embed_first_chunk()
mm/percpu.c: correct max_distance calculation for pcpu_embed_first_chunk()
percpu: eliminate two sparse warnings
percpu: improve generic percpu modify-return implementation
percpu-refcount: init ->confirm_switch member properly
percpu_ref: allow operation mode switching operations to be called concurrently
percpu_ref: restructure operation mode switching
percpu_ref: unify staggered atomic switching wait behavior
percpu_ref: reorganize __percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic() and relocate percpu_ref_switch_to_atomic()
percpu_ref: remove unnecessary RCU grace period for staggered atomic switching confirmation
This affectively reverts commit 377ccbb483 ("Makefile: Mute warning
for __builtin_return_address(>0) for tracing only") because it turns out
that it really isn't tracing only - it's all over the tree.
We already also had the warning disabled separately for mm/usercopy.c
(which this commit also removes), and it turns out that we will also
want to disable it for get_lock_parent_ip(), that is used for at least
TRACE_IRQFLAGS. Which (when enabled) ends up being all over the tree.
Steven Rostedt had a patch that tried to limit it to just the config
options that actually triggered this, but quite frankly, the extra
complexity and abstraction just isn't worth it. We have never actually
had a case where the warning is actually useful, so let's just disable
it globally and not worry about it.
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some of the kmemleak_*() callbacks in memblock, bootmem, CMA convert a
physical address to a virtual one using __va(). However, such physical
addresses may sometimes be located in highmem and using __va() is
incorrect, leading to inconsistent object tracking in kmemleak.
The following functions have been added to the kmemleak API and they take
a physical address as the object pointer. They only perform the
corresponding action if the address has a lowmem mapping:
kmemleak_alloc_phys
kmemleak_free_part_phys
kmemleak_not_leak_phys
kmemleak_ignore_phys
The affected calling places have been updated to use the new kmemleak
API.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1471531432-16503-1-git-send-email-catalin.marinas@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Reported-by: Vignesh R <vigneshr@ti.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull more vfs updates from Al Viro:
">rename2() work from Miklos + current_time() from Deepa"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
fs: Replace current_fs_time() with current_time()
fs: Replace CURRENT_TIME_SEC with current_time() for inode timestamps
fs: Replace CURRENT_TIME with current_time() for inode timestamps
fs: proc: Delete inode time initializations in proc_alloc_inode()
vfs: Add current_time() api
vfs: add note about i_op->rename changes to porting
fs: rename "rename2" i_op to "rename"
vfs: remove unused i_op->rename
fs: make remaining filesystems use .rename2
libfs: support RENAME_NOREPLACE in simple_rename()
fs: support RENAME_NOREPLACE for local filesystems
ncpfs: fix unused variable warning
Pull vfs xattr updates from Al Viro:
"xattr stuff from Andreas
This completes the switch to xattr_handler ->get()/->set() from
->getxattr/->setxattr/->removexattr"
* 'work.xattr' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
vfs: Remove {get,set,remove}xattr inode operations
xattr: Stop calling {get,set,remove}xattr inode operations
vfs: Check for the IOP_XATTR flag in listxattr
xattr: Add __vfs_{get,set,remove}xattr helpers
libfs: Use IOP_XATTR flag for empty directory handling
vfs: Use IOP_XATTR flag for bad-inode handling
vfs: Add IOP_XATTR inode operations flag
vfs: Move xattr_resolve_name to the front of fs/xattr.c
ecryptfs: Switch to generic xattr handlers
sockfs: Get rid of getxattr iop
sockfs: getxattr: Fail with -EOPNOTSUPP for invalid attribute names
kernfs: Switch to generic xattr handlers
hfs: Switch to generic xattr handlers
jffs2: Remove jffs2_{get,set,remove}xattr macros
xattr: Remove unnecessary NULL attribute name check
The __latent_entropy gcc attribute can be used only on functions and
variables. If it is on a function then the plugin will instrument it for
gathering control-flow entropy. If the attribute is on a variable then
the plugin will initialize it with random contents. The variable must
be an integer, an integer array type or a structure with integer fields.
These specific functions have been selected because they are init
functions (to help gather boot-time entropy), are called at unpredictable
times, or they have variable loops, each of which provide some level of
latent entropy.
Signed-off-by: Emese Revfy <re.emese@gmail.com>
[kees: expanded commit message]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
This adds a new gcc plugin named "latent_entropy". It is designed to
extract as much possible uncertainty from a running system at boot time as
possible, hoping to capitalize on any possible variation in CPU operation
(due to runtime data differences, hardware differences, SMP ordering,
thermal timing variation, cache behavior, etc).
At the very least, this plugin is a much more comprehensive example for
how to manipulate kernel code using the gcc plugin internals.
The need for very-early boot entropy tends to be very architecture or
system design specific, so this plugin is more suited for those sorts
of special cases. The existing kernel RNG already attempts to extract
entropy from reliable runtime variation, but this plugin takes the idea to
a logical extreme by permuting a global variable based on any variation
in code execution (e.g. a different value (and permutation function)
is used to permute the global based on loop count, case statement,
if/then/else branching, etc).
To do this, the plugin starts by inserting a local variable in every
marked function. The plugin then adds logic so that the value of this
variable is modified by randomly chosen operations (add, xor and rol) and
random values (gcc generates separate static values for each location at
compile time and also injects the stack pointer at runtime). The resulting
value depends on the control flow path (e.g., loops and branches taken).
Before the function returns, the plugin mixes this local variable into
the latent_entropy global variable. The value of this global variable
is added to the kernel entropy pool in do_one_initcall() and _do_fork(),
though it does not credit any bytes of entropy to the pool; the contents
of the global are just used to mix the pool.
Additionally, the plugin can pre-initialize arrays with build-time
random contents, so that two different kernel builds running on identical
hardware will not have the same starting values.
Signed-off-by: Emese Revfy <re.emese@gmail.com>
[kees: expanded commit message and code comments]
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Pull splice fixups from Al Viro:
"A couple of fixups for interaction of pipe-backed iov_iter with
O_DIRECT reads + constification of a couple of primitives in uio.h
missed by previous rounds.
Kudos to davej - his fuzzing has caught those bugs"
* 'work.splice_read' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
[btrfs] fix check_direct_IO() for non-iovec iterators
constify iov_iter_count() and iter_is_iovec()
fix ITER_PIPE interaction with direct_IO
Pull misc vfs updates from Al Viro:
"Assorted misc bits and pieces.
There are several single-topic branches left after this (rename2
series from Miklos, current_time series from Deepa Dinamani, xattr
series from Andreas, uaccess stuff from from me) and I'd prefer to
send those separately"
* 'work.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (39 commits)
proc: switch auxv to use of __mem_open()
hpfs: support FIEMAP
cifs: get rid of unused arguments of CIFSSMBWrite()
posix_acl: uapi header split
posix_acl: xattr representation cleanups
fs/aio.c: eliminate redundant loads in put_aio_ring_file
fs/internal.h: add const to ns_dentry_operations declaration
compat: remove compat_printk()
fs/buffer.c: make __getblk_slow() static
proc: unsigned file descriptors
fs/file: more unsigned file descriptors
fs: compat: remove redundant check of nr_segs
cachefiles: Fix attempt to read i_blocks after deleting file [ver #2]
cifs: don't use memcpy() to copy struct iov_iter
get rid of separate multipage fault-in primitives
fs: Avoid premature clearing of capabilities
fs: Give dentry to inode_change_ok() instead of inode
fuse: Propagate dentry down to inode_change_ok()
ceph: Propagate dentry down to inode_change_ok()
xfs: Propagate dentry down to inode_change_ok()
...
Pull protection keys syscall interface from Thomas Gleixner:
"This is the final step of Protection Keys support which adds the
syscalls so user space can actually allocate keys and protect memory
areas with them. Details and usage examples can be found in the
documentation.
The mm side of this has been acked by Mel"
* 'mm-pkeys-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/pkeys: Update documentation
x86/mm/pkeys: Do not skip PKRU register if debug registers are not used
x86/pkeys: Fix pkeys build breakage for some non-x86 arches
x86/pkeys: Add self-tests
x86/pkeys: Allow configuration of init_pkru
x86/pkeys: Default to a restrictive init PKRU
pkeys: Add details of system call use to Documentation/
generic syscalls: Wire up memory protection keys syscalls
x86: Wire up protection keys system calls
x86/pkeys: Allocation/free syscalls
x86/pkeys: Make mprotect_key() mask off additional vm_flags
mm: Implement new pkey_mprotect() system call
x86/pkeys: Add fault handling for PF_PK page fault bit
by making sure we call iov_iter_advance() on original
iov_iter even if direct_IO (done on its copy) has returned 0.
It's a no-op for old iov_iter flavours and does the right thing
(== truncation of the stuff we'd allocated, but not filled) in
ITER_PIPE case. Failures (e.g. -EIO) get caught and dealt with
by cleanup in generic_file_read_iter().
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Merge updates from Andrew Morton:
- fsnotify updates
- ocfs2 updates
- all of MM
* emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (127 commits)
console: don't prefer first registered if DT specifies stdout-path
cred: simpler, 1D supplementary groups
CREDITS: update Pavel's information, add GPG key, remove snail mail address
mailmap: add Johan Hovold
.gitattributes: set git diff driver for C source code files
uprobes: remove function declarations from arch/{mips,s390}
spelling.txt: "modeled" is spelt correctly
nmi_backtrace: generate one-line reports for idle cpus
arch/tile: adopt the new nmi_backtrace framework
nmi_backtrace: do a local dump_stack() instead of a self-NMI
nmi_backtrace: add more trigger_*_cpu_backtrace() methods
min/max: remove sparse warnings when they're nested
Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt: add more description for maps/smaps
mm, proc: fix region lost in /proc/self/smaps
proc: fix timerslack_ns CAP_SYS_NICE check when adjusting self
proc: add LSM hook checks to /proc/<tid>/timerslack_ns
proc: relax /proc/<tid>/timerslack_ns capability requirements
meminfo: break apart a very long seq_printf with #ifdefs
seq/proc: modify seq_put_decimal_[u]ll to take a const char *, not char
proc: faster /proc/*/status
...
These inode operations are no longer used; remove them.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Allow some seq_puts removals by taking a string instead of a single
char.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: update vmstat_show(), per Joe]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/667e1cf3d436de91a5698170a1e98d882905e956.1470704995.git.joe@perches.com
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When the huge page is added to the page cahce (huge_add_to_page_cache),
the page private flag will be cleared. since this code
(remove_inode_hugepages) will only be called for pages in the page
cahce, PagePrivate(page) will always be false.
The patch remove the code without any functional change.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1475113323-29368-1-git-send-email-zhongjiang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: zhong jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently we do warn only about allocation failures but small
allocations are basically nofail and they might loop in the page
allocator for a long time. Especially when the reclaim cannot make any
progress - e.g. GFP_NOFS cannot invoke the oom killer and rely on a
different context to make a forward progress in case there is a lot
memory used by filesystems.
Give us at least a clue when something like this happens and warn about
allocations which take more than 10s. Print the basic allocation
context information along with the cumulative time spent in the
allocation as well as the allocation stack. Repeat the warning after
every 10 seconds so that we know that the problem is permanent rather
than ephemeral.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160929084407.7004-3-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
warn_alloc_failed is currently used from the page and vmalloc
allocators. This is a good reuse of the code except that vmalloc would
appreciate a slightly different warning message. This is already
handled by the fmt parameter except that
"%s: page allocation failure: order:%u, mode:%#x(%pGg)"
is printed anyway. This might be quite misleading because it might be a
vmalloc failure which leads to the warning while the page allocator is
not the culprit here. Fix this by always using the fmt string and only
print the context that makes sense for the particular context (e.g.
order makes only very little sense for the vmalloc context).
Rename the function to not miss any user and also because a later patch
will reuse it also for !failure cases.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160929084407.7004-2-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We triggered a deadloop in truncate_inode_pages_range() on 32 bits
architecture with the test case bellow:
...
fd = open();
write(fd, buf, 4096);
preadv64(fd, &iovec, 1, 0xffffffff000);
ftruncate(fd, 0);
...
Then ftruncate() will not return forever.
The filesystem used in this case is ubifs, but it can be triggered on
many other filesystems.
When preadv64() is called with offset=0xffffffff000, a page with
index=0xffffffff will be added to the radix tree of ->mapping. Then
this page can be found in ->mapping with pagevec_lookup(). After that,
truncate_inode_pages_range(), which is called in ftruncate(), will fall
into an infinite loop:
- find a page with index=0xffffffff, since index>=end, this page won't
be truncated
- index++, and index become 0
- the page with index=0xffffffff will be found again
The data type of index is unsigned long, so index won't overflow to 0 on
64 bits architecture in this case, and the dead loop won't happen.
Since truncate_inode_pages_range() is executed with holding lock of
inode->i_rwsem, any operation related with this lock will be blocked,
and a hung task will happen, e.g.:
INFO: task truncate_test:3364 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
...
call_rwsem_down_write_failed+0x17/0x30
generic_file_write_iter+0x32/0x1c0
ubifs_write_iter+0xcc/0x170
__vfs_write+0xc4/0x120
vfs_write+0xb2/0x1b0
SyS_write+0x46/0xa0
The page with index=0xffffffff added to ->mapping is useless. Fix this
by checking the read position before allocating pages.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1475151010-40166-1-git-send-email-fangwei1@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Wei Fang <fangwei1@huawei.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Avoid making ifdef get pretty unwieldy if many ARCHs support gigantic
page. No functional change with this patch.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1475227569-63446-2-git-send-email-xieyisheng1@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Yisheng Xie <xieyisheng1@huawei.com>
Suggested-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Sudeep Holla <sudeep.holla@arm.com>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Rob Herring <robh+dt@kernel.org>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have received a hard to explain oom report from a customer. The oom
triggered regardless there is a lot of free memory:
PoolThread invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x280da, order=0, oom_adj=0, oom_score_adj=0
PoolThread cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0-7
Pid: 30055, comm: PoolThread Tainted: G E X 3.0.101-80-default #1
Call Trace:
dump_trace+0x75/0x300
dump_stack+0x69/0x6f
dump_header+0x8e/0x110
oom_kill_process+0xa6/0x350
out_of_memory+0x2b7/0x310
__alloc_pages_slowpath+0x7dd/0x820
__alloc_pages_nodemask+0x1e9/0x200
alloc_pages_vma+0xe1/0x290
do_anonymous_page+0x13e/0x300
do_page_fault+0x1fd/0x4c0
page_fault+0x25/0x30
[...]
active_anon:1135959151 inactive_anon:1051962 isolated_anon:0
active_file:13093 inactive_file:222506 isolated_file:0
unevictable:262144 dirty:2 writeback:0 unstable:0
free:432672819 slab_reclaimable:7917 slab_unreclaimable:95308
mapped:261139 shmem:166297 pagetables:2228282 bounce:0
[...]
Node 0 DMA free:15896kB min:0kB low:0kB high:0kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15672kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? yes
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 2892 775542 775542
Node 0 DMA32 free:2783784kB min:28kB low:32kB high:40kB active_anon:0kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:2961572kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:0kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? yes
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 772650 772650
Node 0 Normal free:8120kB min:8160kB low:10200kB high:12240kB active_anon:779334960kB inactive_anon:2198744kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:180kB unevictable:131072kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:791193600kB mlocked:131072kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:372940kB shmem:361480kB slab_reclaimable:4536kB slab_unreclaimable:68472kB kernel_stack:10104kB pagetables:1414820kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:2280 all_unreclaimable? yes
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Node 1 Normal free:476718144kB min:8192kB low:10240kB high:12288kB active_anon:307623696kB inactive_anon:283620kB active_file:10392kB inactive_file:69908kB unevictable:131072kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:794296320kB mlocked:131072kB dirty:4kB writeback:0kB mapped:257208kB shmem:189896kB slab_reclaimable:3868kB slab_unreclaimable:44756kB kernel_stack:1848kB pagetables:1369432kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Node 2 Normal free:386002452kB min:8192kB low:10240kB high:12288kB active_anon:398563752kB inactive_anon:68184kB active_file:10292kB inactive_file:29936kB unevictable:131072kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:794296320kB mlocked:131072kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:32084kB shmem:776kB slab_reclaimable:6888kB slab_unreclaimable:60056kB kernel_stack:8208kB pagetables:1282880kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Node 3 Normal free:196406760kB min:8192kB low:10240kB high:12288kB active_anon:587445640kB inactive_anon:164396kB active_file:5716kB inactive_file:709844kB unevictable:131072kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:794296320kB mlocked:131072kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:291776kB shmem:111416kB slab_reclaimable:5152kB slab_unreclaimable:44516kB kernel_stack:2168kB pagetables:1455956kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Node 4 Normal free:425338880kB min:8192kB low:10240kB high:12288kB active_anon:359695204kB inactive_anon:43216kB active_file:5748kB inactive_file:14772kB unevictable:131072kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:794296320kB mlocked:131072kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:24708kB shmem:1120kB slab_reclaimable:1884kB slab_unreclaimable:41060kB kernel_stack:1856kB pagetables:1100208kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Node 5 Normal free:11140kB min:8192kB low:10240kB high:12288kB active_anon:784240872kB inactive_anon:1217164kB active_file:28kB inactive_file:48kB unevictable:131072kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:794296320kB mlocked:131072kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:11408kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:2008kB slab_unreclaimable:49220kB kernel_stack:1360kB pagetables:531600kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:1202 all_unreclaimable? yes
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Node 6 Normal free:243395332kB min:8192kB low:10240kB high:12288kB active_anon:542015544kB inactive_anon:40208kB active_file:968kB inactive_file:8484kB unevictable:131072kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:794296320kB mlocked:131072kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:19992kB shmem:496kB slab_reclaimable:1672kB slab_unreclaimable:37052kB kernel_stack:2088kB pagetables:750264kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
Node 7 Normal free:10768kB min:8192kB low:10240kB high:12288kB active_anon:784916936kB inactive_anon:192316kB active_file:19228kB inactive_file:56852kB unevictable:131072kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:794296320kB mlocked:131072kB dirty:4kB writeback:0kB mapped:34440kB shmem:4kB slab_reclaimable:5660kB slab_unreclaimable:36100kB kernel_stack:1328kB pagetables:1007968kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:0 all_unreclaimable? no
lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
So all nodes but Node 0 have a lot of free memory which should suggest
that there is an available memory especially when mems_allowed=0-7. One
could speculate that a massive process has managed to terminate and free
up a lot of memory while racing with the above allocation request.
Although this is highly unlikely it cannot be ruled out.
A further debugging, however shown that the faulting process had
mempolicy (not cpuset) to bind to Node 0. We cannot see that
information from the report though. mems_allowed turned out to be more
confusing than really helpful.
Fix this by always priting the nodemask. It is either mempolicy mask
(and non-null) or the one defined by the cpusets. The new output for
the above oom report would be
PoolThread invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x280da(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE|__GFP_ZERO), nodemask=0, order=0, oom_adj=0, oom_score_adj=0
This patch doesn't touch show_mem and the node filtering based on the
cpuset node mask because mempolicy is always a subset of cpusets and
seeing the full cpuset oom context might be helpful for tunning more
specific mempolicies inside cpusets (e.g. when they turn out to be too
restrictive). To prevent from ugly ifdefs the mask is printed even for
!NUMA configurations but this should be OK (a single node will be
printed).
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160930214146.28600-1-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Sellami Abdelkader <abdelkader.sellami@sap.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Sellami Abdelkader <abdelkader.sellami@sap.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The old code was always doing:
vma->vm_end = next->vm_end
vma_rb_erase(next) // in __vma_unlink
vma->vm_next = next->vm_next // in __vma_unlink
next = vma->vm_next
vma_gap_update(next)
The new code still does the above for remove_next == 1 and 2, but for
remove_next == 3 it has been changed and it does:
next->vm_start = vma->vm_start
vma_rb_erase(vma) // in __vma_unlink
vma_gap_update(next)
In the latter case, while unlinking "vma", validate_mm_rb() is told to
ignore "vma" that is being removed, but next->vm_start was reduced
instead. So for the new case, to avoid the false positive from
validate_mm_rb, it should be "next" that is ignored when "vma" is
being unlinked.
"vma" and "next" in the above comment, considered pre-swap().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474492522-2261-4-git-send-email-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Shaun Tancheff <shaun.tancheff@seagate.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Jan Vorlicek <janvorli@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The cases are three not two.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474492522-2261-3-git-send-email-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Jan Vorlicek <janvorli@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If next would be NULL we couldn't reach such code path.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474309513-20313-2-git-send-email-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Jan Vorlicek <janvorli@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The rmap_walk can access vm_page_prot (and potentially vm_flags in the
pte/pmd manipulations). So it's not safe to wait the caller to update
the vm_page_prot/vm_flags after vma_merge returned potentially removing
the "next" vma and extending the "current" vma over the
next->vm_start,vm_end range, but still with the "current" vma
vm_page_prot, after releasing the rmap locks.
The vm_page_prot/vm_flags must be transferred from the "next" vma to the
current vma while vma_merge still holds the rmap locks.
The side effect of this race condition is pte corruption during migrate
as remove_migration_ptes when run on a address of the "next" vma that
got removed, used the vm_page_prot of the current vma.
migrate mprotect
------------ -------------
migrating in "next" vma
vma_merge() # removes "next" vma and
# extends "current" vma
# current vma is not with
# vm_page_prot updated
remove_migration_ptes
read vm_page_prot of current "vma"
establish pte with wrong permissions
vm_set_page_prot(vma) # too late!
change_protection in the old vma range
only, next range is not updated
This caused segmentation faults and potentially memory corruption in
heavy mprotect loads with some light page migration caused by compaction
in the background.
Hugh Dickins pointed out the comment about the Odd case 8 in vma_merge
which confirms the case 8 is only buggy one where the race can trigger,
in all other vma_merge cases the above cannot happen.
This fix removes the oddness factor from case 8 and it converts it from:
AAAA
PPPPNNNNXXXX -> PPPPNNNNNNNN
to:
AAAA
PPPPNNNNXXXX -> PPPPXXXXXXXX
XXXX has the right vma properties for the whole merged vma returned by
vma_adjust, so it solves the problem fully. It has the added benefits
that the callers could stop updating vma properties when vma_merge
succeeds however the callers are not updated by this patch (there are
bits like VM_SOFTDIRTY that still need special care for the whole range,
as the vma merging ignores them, but as long as they're not processed by
rmap walks and instead they're accessed with the mmap_sem at least for
reading, they are fine not to be updated within vma_adjust before
releasing the rmap_locks).
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474309513-20313-1-git-send-email-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Aditya Mandaleeka <adityam@microsoft.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Jan Vorlicek <janvorli@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mm->highest_vm_end doesn't need any update.
After finally removing the oddness from vma_merge case 8 that was
causing:
1) constant risk of trouble whenever anybody would check vma fields
from rmap_walks, like it happened when page migration was
introduced and it read the vma->vm_page_prot from a rmap_walk
2) the callers of vma_merge to re-initialize any value different from
the current vma, instead of vma_merge() more reliably returning a
vma that already matches all fields passed as parameter
.. it is also worth to take the opportunity of cleaning up superfluous
code in vma_adjust(), that if not removed adds up to the hard
readability of the function.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474492522-2261-5-git-send-email-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Jan Vorlicek <janvorli@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
vma->vm_page_prot is read lockless from the rmap_walk, it may be updated
concurrently and this prevents the risk of reading intermediate values.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474660305-19222-1-git-send-email-aarcange@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Jan Vorlicek <janvorli@microsoft.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
According to Hugh's suggestion, alloc_stable_node() with GFP_KERNEL can
in rare cases cause a hung task warning.
At present, if alloc_stable_node() allocation fails, two break_cows may
want to allocate a couple of pages, and the issue will come up when free
memory is under pressure.
We fix it by adding __GFP_HIGH to GFP, to grant access to memory
reserves, increasing the likelihood of allocation success.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474354484-58233-1-git-send-email-zhongjiang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: zhong jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com>
Suggested-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For every pfn aligned to minimum_order, dissolve_free_huge_pages() will
call dissolve_free_huge_page() which takes the hugetlb spinlock, even if
the page is not huge at all or a hugepage that is in-use.
Improve this by doing the PageHuge() and page_count() checks already in
dissolve_free_huge_pages() before calling dissolve_free_huge_page(). In
dissolve_free_huge_page(), when holding the spinlock, those checks need
to be revalidated.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160926172811.94033-4-gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K . V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Rui Teng <rui.teng@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In dissolve_free_huge_pages(), free hugepages will be dissolved without
making sure that there are enough of them left to satisfy hugepage
reservations.
Fix this by adding a return value to dissolve_free_huge_pages() and
checking h->free_huge_pages vs. h->resv_huge_pages. Note that this may
lead to the situation where dissolve_free_huge_page() returns an error
and all free hugepages that were dissolved before that error are lost,
while the memory block still cannot be set offline.
Fixes: c8721bbb ("mm: memory-hotplug: enable memory hotplug to handle hugepage")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160926172811.94033-3-gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K . V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Rui Teng <rui.teng@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "mm/hugetlb: memory offline issues with hugepages", v4.
This addresses several issues with hugepages and memory offline. While
the first patch fixes a panic, and is therefore rather important, the
last patch is just a performance optimization.
The second patch fixes a theoretical issue with reserved hugepages,
while still leaving some ugly usability issue, see description.
This patch (of 3):
dissolve_free_huge_pages() will either run into the VM_BUG_ON() or a
list corruption and addressing exception when trying to set a memory
block offline that is part (but not the first part) of a "gigantic"
hugetlb page with a size > memory block size.
When no other smaller hugetlb page sizes are present, the VM_BUG_ON()
will trigger directly. In the other case we will run into an addressing
exception later, because dissolve_free_huge_page() will not work on the
head page of the compound hugetlb page which will result in a NULL
hstate from page_hstate().
To fix this, first remove the VM_BUG_ON() because it is wrong, and then
use the compound head page in dissolve_free_huge_page(). This means
that an unused pre-allocated gigantic page that has any part of itself
inside the memory block that is going offline will be dissolved
completely. Losing an unused gigantic hugepage is preferable to failing
the memory offline, for example in the situation where a (possibly
faulty) memory DIMM needs to go offline.
Fixes: c8721bbb ("mm: memory-hotplug: enable memory hotplug to handle hugepage")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160926172811.94033-2-gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K . V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Rui Teng <rui.teng@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit b4def3509d ("mm, nobootmem: clean-up of free_low_memory_core_early()")
removed the unnecessary nodeid argument, after that, this comment
becomes more confused. We should move it to the right place.
Fixes: b4def3509d ("mm, nobootmem: clean-up of free_low_memory_core_early()")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1473996082-14603-1-git-send-email-wanlong.gao@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Wanlong Gao <wanlong.gao@gmail.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Every other dentry_operations instance is const, and this one might as
well be.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1473890528-7009-1-git-send-email-linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The cgroup core and the memory controller need to track socket ownership
for different purposes, but the tracking sites being entirely different
is kind of ugly.
Be a better citizen and rename the memory controller callbacks to match
the cgroup core callbacks, then move them to the same place.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160914194846.11153-3-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
So they are CONFIG_DEBUG_VM-only and more informative.
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit c32b3cbe0d ("oom, PM: make OOM detection in the freezer path
raceless") inserted a WARN_ON() into pagefault_out_of_memory() in order
to warn when we raced with disabling the OOM killer.
Now, patch "oom, suspend: fix oom_killer_disable vs. pm suspend
properly" introduced a timeout for oom_killer_disable(). Even if we
raced with disabling the OOM killer and the system is OOM livelocked,
the OOM killer will be enabled eventually (in 20 seconds by default) and
the OOM livelock will be solved. Therefore, we no longer need to warn
when we raced with disabling the OOM killer.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1473442120-7246-1-git-send-email-penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fragmentation index and the vm.extfrag_threshold sysctl is meant as a
heuristic to prevent excessive compaction for costly orders (i.e. THP).
It's unlikely to make any difference for non-costly orders, especially
with the default threshold. But we cannot afford any uncertainty for
the non-costly orders where the only alternative to successful
reclaim/compaction is OOM. After the recent patches we are guaranteed
maximum effort without heuristics from compaction before deciding OOM,
and fragindex is the last remaining heuristic. Therefore skip fragindex
altogether for non-costly orders.
Suggested-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160926162025.21555-5-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The compaction_zonelist_suitable() function tries to determine if
compaction will be able to proceed after sufficient reclaim, i.e.
whether there are enough reclaimable pages to provide enough order-0
freepages for compaction.
This addition of reclaimable pages to the free pages works well for the
order-0 watermark check, but in the fragmentation index check we only
consider truly free pages. Thus we can get fragindex value close to 0
which indicates failure do to lack of memory, and wrongly decide that
compaction won't be suitable even after reclaim.
Instead of trying to somehow adjust fragindex for reclaimable pages,
let's just skip it from compaction_zonelist_suitable().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160926162025.21555-4-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The should_reclaim_retry() makes decisions based on no_progress_loops,
so it makes sense to also update the counter there. It will be also
consistent with should_compact_retry() and compaction_retries. No
functional change.
[hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com: fix missing pointer dereferences]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160926162025.21555-3-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Several people have reported premature OOMs for order-2 allocations
(stack) due to OOM rework in 4.7. In the scenario (parallel kernel
build and dd writing to two drives) many pageblocks get marked as
Unmovable and compaction free scanner struggles to isolate free pages.
Joonsoo Kim pointed out that the free scanner skips pageblocks that are
not movable to prevent filling them and forcing non-movable allocations
to fallback to other pageblocks. Such heuristic makes sense to help
prevent long-term fragmentation, but premature OOMs are relatively more
urgent problem. As a compromise, this patch disables the heuristic only
for the ultimate compaction priority.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160906135258.18335-5-vbabka@suse.cz
Reported-by: Ralf-Peter Rohbeck <Ralf-Peter.Rohbeck@quantum.com>
Reported-by: Arkadiusz Miskiewicz <a.miskiewicz@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de>
Suggested-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The new ultimate compaction priority disables some heuristics, which may
result in excessive cost. This is fine for non-costly orders where we
want to try hard before resulting for OOM, but might be disruptive for
costly orders which do not trigger OOM and should generally have some
fallback. Thus, we disable the full priority for costly orders.
Suggested-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160906135258.18335-4-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
During reclaim/compaction loop, compaction priority can be increased by
the should_compact_retry() function, but the current code is not
optimal. Priority is only increased when compaction_failed() is true,
which means that compaction has scanned the whole zone. This may not
happen even after multiple attempts with a lower priority due to
parallel activity, so we might needlessly struggle on the lower
priorities and possibly run out of compaction retry attempts in the
process.
After this patch we are guaranteed at least one attempt at the highest
compaction priority even if we exhaust all retries at the lower
priorities.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160906135258.18335-3-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "reintroduce compaction feedback for OOM decisions".
After several people reported OOM's for order-2 allocations in 4.7 due
to Michal Hocko's OOM rework, he reverted the part that considered
compaction feedback [1] in the decisions to retry reclaim/compaction.
This was to provide a fix quickly for 4.8 rc and 4.7 stable series,
while mmotm had an almost complete solution that instead improved
compaction reliability.
This series completes the mmotm solution and reintroduces the compaction
feedback into OOM decisions. The first two patches restore the state of
mmotm before the temporary solution was merged, the last patch should be
the missing piece for reliability. The third patch restricts the
hardened compaction to non-costly orders, since costly orders don't
result in OOMs in the first place.
[1] http://marc.info/?i=20160822093249.GA14916%40dhcp22.suse.cz%3E
This patch (of 4):
Commit 6b4e3181d7 ("mm, oom: prevent premature OOM killer invocation
for high order request") was intended as a quick fix of OOM regressions
for 4.8 and stable 4.7.x kernels. For a better long-term solution, we
still want to consider compaction feedback, which should be possible
after some more improvements in the following patches.
This reverts commit 6b4e3181d7.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160906135258.18335-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch is to improve the performance of swap cache operations when
the type of the swap device is not 0. Originally, the whole swap entry
value is used as the key of the swap cache, even though there is one
radix tree for each swap device. If the type of the swap device is not
0, the height of the radix tree of the swap cache will be increased
unnecessary, especially on 64bit architecture. For example, for a 1GB
swap device on the x86_64 architecture, the height of the radix tree of
the swap cache is 11. But if the offset of the swap entry is used as
the key of the swap cache, the height of the radix tree of the swap
cache is 4. The increased height causes unnecessary radix tree
descending and increased cache footprint.
This patch reduces the height of the radix tree of the swap cache via
using the offset of the swap entry instead of the whole swap entry value
as the key of the swap cache. In 32 processes sequential swap out test
case on a Xeon E5 v3 system with RAM disk as swap, the lock contention
for the spinlock of the swap cache is reduced from 20.15% to 12.19%,
when the type of the swap device is 1.
Use the whole swap entry as key,
perf-profile.calltrace.cycles-pp._raw_spin_lock_irq.__add_to_swap_cache.add_to_swap_cache.add_to_swap.shrink_page_list: 10.37,
perf-profile.calltrace.cycles-pp._raw_spin_lock_irqsave.__remove_mapping.shrink_page_list.shrink_inactive_list.shrink_node_memcg: 9.78,
Use the swap offset as key,
perf-profile.calltrace.cycles-pp._raw_spin_lock_irq.__add_to_swap_cache.add_to_swap_cache.add_to_swap.shrink_page_list: 6.25,
perf-profile.calltrace.cycles-pp._raw_spin_lock_irqsave.__remove_mapping.shrink_page_list.shrink_inactive_list.shrink_node_memcg: 5.94,
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1473270649-27229-1-git-send-email-ying.huang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
vm_insert_mixed() unlike vm_insert_pfn_prot() and vmf_insert_pfn_pmd(),
fails to check the pgprot_t it uses for the mapping against the one
recorded in the memtype tracking tree. Add the missing call to
track_pfn_insert() to preclude cases where incompatible aliased mappings
are established for a given physical address range.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/147328717909.35069.14256589123570653697.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: David Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mem_cgroup_count_precharge() and mem_cgroup_move_charge() both call
walk_page_range() on the range 0 to ~0UL, neither provide a pte_hole
callback, which causes the current implementation to skip non-vma
regions. This is all fine but follow up changes would like to make
walk_page_range more generic so it is better to be explicit about which
range to traverse so let's use highest_vm_end to explicitly traverse
only user mmaped memory.
[mhocko@kernel.org: rewrote changelog]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472655897-22532-1-git-send-email-james.morse@arm.com
Signed-off-by: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The global zero page is used to satisfy an anonymous read fault. If
THP(Transparent HugePage) is enabled then the global huge zero page is
used. The global huge zero page uses an atomic counter for reference
counting and is allocated/freed dynamically according to its counter
value.
CPU time spent on that counter will greatly increase if there are a lot
of processes doing anonymous read faults. This patch proposes a way to
reduce the access to the global counter so that the CPU load can be
reduced accordingly.
To do this, a new flag of the mm_struct is introduced:
MMF_USED_HUGE_ZERO_PAGE. With this flag, the process only need to touch
the global counter in two cases:
1 The first time it uses the global huge zero page;
2 The time when mm_user of its mm_struct reaches zero.
Note that right now, the huge zero page is eligible to be freed as soon
as its last use goes away. With this patch, the page will not be
eligible to be freed until the exit of the last process from which it
was ever used.
And with the use of mm_user, the kthread is not eligible to use huge
zero page either. Since no kthread is using huge zero page today, there
is no difference after applying this patch. But if that is not desired,
I can change it to when mm_count reaches zero.
Case used for test on Haswell EP:
usemem -n 72 --readonly -j 0x200000 100G
Which spawns 72 processes and each will mmap 100G anonymous space and
then do read only access to that space sequentially with a step of 2MB.
CPU cycles from perf report for base commit:
54.03% usemem [kernel.kallsyms] [k] get_huge_zero_page
CPU cycles from perf report for this commit:
0.11% usemem [kernel.kallsyms] [k] mm_get_huge_zero_page
Performance(throughput) of the workload for base commit: 1784430792
Performance(throughput) of the workload for this commit: 4726928591
164% increase.
Runtime of the workload for base commit: 707592 us
Runtime of the workload for this commit: 303970 us
50% drop.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/fe51a88f-446a-4622-1363-ad1282d71385@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@intel.com>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In current kernel code, we only call node_set_state(cpu_to_node(cpu),
N_CPU) when a cpu is hot plugged. But we do not set the node state for
N_CPU when the cpus are brought online during boot.
So this could lead to failure when we check to see if a node contains
cpu with node_state(node_id, N_CPU).
One use case is in the node_reclaime function:
/*
* Only run node reclaim on the local node or on nodes that do
* not
* have associated processors. This will favor the local
* processor
* over remote processors and spread off node memory allocations
* as wide as possible.
*/
if (node_state(pgdat->node_id, N_CPU) && pgdat->node_id !=
numa_node_id())
return NODE_RECLAIM_NOSCAN;
I instrumented the kernel to call this function after boot and it always
returns 0 on a x86 desktop machine until I apply the attached patch.
int num_cpu_node(void)
{
int i, nr_cpu_nodes = 0;
for_each_node(i) {
if (node_state(i, N_CPU))
++ nr_cpu_nodes;
}
return nr_cpu_nodes;
}
Fix this by checking each node for online CPU when we initialize
vmstat that's responsible for maintaining node state.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160829175922.GA21775@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <Huang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@rjwysocki.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When CONFIG_FS_DAX_PMD is set, DAX supports mmap() using pmd page size.
This feature relies on both mmap virtual address and FS block (i.e.
physical address) to be aligned by the pmd page size. Users can use
mkfs options to specify FS to align block allocations. However,
aligning mmap address requires code changes to existing applications for
providing a pmd-aligned address to mmap().
For instance, fio with "ioengine=mmap" performs I/Os with mmap() [1].
It calls mmap() with a NULL address, which needs to be changed to
provide a pmd-aligned address for testing with DAX pmd mappings.
Changing all applications that call mmap() with NULL is undesirable.
Add thp_get_unmapped_area(), which can be called by filesystem's
get_unmapped_area to align an mmap address by the pmd size for a DAX
file. It calls the default handler, mm->get_unmapped_area(), to find a
range and then aligns it for a DAX file.
The patch is based on Matthew Wilcox's change that allows adding support
of the pud page size easily.
[1]: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/engines/mmap.c
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472497881-9323-2-git-send-email-toshi.kani@hpe.com
Signed-off-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Reviewed-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger.kernel@dilger.ca>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When one vma was with flag VM_LOCKED|VM_LOCKONFAULT (by invoking
mlock2(,MLOCK_ONFAULT)), it can again be populated with mlock() with
VM_LOCKED flag only.
There is a hole in mlock_fixup() which increase mm->locked_vm twice even
the two operations are on the same vma and both with VM_LOCKED flags.
The issue can be reproduced by following code:
mlock2(p, 1024 * 64, MLOCK_ONFAULT); //VM_LOCKED|VM_LOCKONFAULT
mlock(p, 1024 * 64); //VM_LOCKED
Then check the increase VmLck field in /proc/pid/status(to 128k).
When vma is set with different vm_flags, and the new vm_flags is with
VM_LOCKED, it is not necessarily be a "new locked" vma. This patch
corrects this bug by prevent mm->locked_vm from increment when old
vm_flags is already VM_LOCKED.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472554781-9835-3-git-send-email-wei.guo.simon@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Simon Guo <wei.guo.simon@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexey Klimov <klimov.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Simon Guo <wei.guo.simon@gmail.com>
Cc: Thierry Reding <treding@nvidia.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In do_mlock(), the check against locked memory limitation has a hole
which will fail following cases at step 3):
1) User has a memory chunk from addressA with 50k, and user mem lock
rlimit is 64k.
2) mlock(addressA, 30k)
3) mlock(addressA, 40k)
The 3rd step should have been allowed since the 40k request is
intersected with the previous 30k at step 2), and the 3rd step is
actually for mlock on the extra 10k memory.
This patch checks vma to caculate the actual "new" mlock size, if
necessary, and ajust the logic to fix this issue.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: clean up comment layout]
[wei.guo.simon@gmail.com: correct a typo in count_mm_mlocked_page_nr()]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1473325970-11393-2-git-send-email-wei.guo.simon@gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472554781-9835-2-git-send-email-wei.guo.simon@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Simon Guo <wei.guo.simon@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexey Klimov <klimov.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@akamai.com>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org>
Cc: Simon Guo <wei.guo.simon@gmail.com>
Cc: Thierry Reding <treding@nvidia.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since the lumpy reclaim is gone there is no source of higher order pages
if CONFIG_COMPACTION=n except for the order-0 pages reclaim which is
unreliable for that purpose to say the least. Hitting an OOM for
!costly higher order requests is therefore all not that hard to imagine.
We are trying hard to not invoke OOM killer as much as possible but
there is simply no reliable way to detect whether more reclaim retries
make sense.
Disabling COMPACTION is not widespread but it seems that some users
might have disable the feature without realizing full consequences
(mostly along with disabling THP because compaction used to be THP
mainly thing). This patch just adds a note if the OOM killer was
triggered by higher order request with compaction disabled. This will
help us identifying possible misconfiguration right from the oom report
which is easier than to always keep in mind that somebody might have
disabled COMPACTION without a good reason.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160830111632.GD23963@dhcp22.suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
File pages use a set of radix tree tags (DIRTY, TOWRITE, WRITEBACK,
etc.) to accelerate finding the pages with a specific tag in the radix
tree during inode writeback. But for anonymous pages in the swap cache,
there is no inode writeback. So there is no need to find the pages with
some writeback tags in the radix tree. It is not necessary to touch
radix tree writeback tags for pages in the swap cache.
Per Rik van Riel's suggestion, a new flag AS_NO_WRITEBACK_TAGS is
introduced for address spaces which don't need to update the writeback
tags. The flag is set for swap caches. It may be used for DAX file
systems, etc.
With this patch, the swap out bandwidth improved 22.3% (from ~1.2GB/s to
~1.48GBps) in the vm-scalability swap-w-seq test case with 8 processes.
The test is done on a Xeon E5 v3 system. The swap device used is a RAM
simulated PMEM (persistent memory) device. The improvement comes from
the reduced contention on the swap cache radix tree lock. To test
sequential swapping out, the test case uses 8 processes, which
sequentially allocate and write to the anonymous pages until RAM and
part of the swap device is used up.
Details of comparison is as follow,
base base+patch
---------------- --------------------------
%stddev %change %stddev
\ | \
2506952 ± 2% +28.1% 3212076 ± 7% vm-scalability.throughput
1207402 ± 7% +22.3% 1476578 ± 6% vmstat.swap.so
10.86 ± 12% -23.4% 8.31 ± 16% perf-profile.cycles-pp._raw_spin_lock_irq.__add_to_swap_cache.add_to_swap_cache.add_to_swap.shrink_page_list
10.82 ± 13% -33.1% 7.24 ± 14% perf-profile.cycles-pp._raw_spin_lock_irqsave.__remove_mapping.shrink_page_list.shrink_inactive_list.shrink_zone_memcg
10.36 ± 11% -100.0% 0.00 ± -1% perf-profile.cycles-pp._raw_spin_lock_irqsave.__test_set_page_writeback.bdev_write_page.__swap_writepage.swap_writepage
10.52 ± 12% -100.0% 0.00 ± -1% perf-profile.cycles-pp._raw_spin_lock_irqsave.test_clear_page_writeback.end_page_writeback.page_endio.pmem_rw_page
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472578089-5560-1-git-send-email-ying.huang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In ___alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic(), replace kzalloc() by kzalloc_node()
in order to allocate memory within given node preferentially when slab
is available
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1f487f12-6af4-5e4f-a28c-1de2361cdcd8@zoho.com
Signed-off-by: zijun_hu <zijun_hu@htc.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix the following bugs:
- the same ARCH_LOW_ADDRESS_LIMIT statements are duplicated between
header and relevant source
- don't ensure ARCH_LOW_ADDRESS_LIMIT perhaps defined by ARCH in
asm/processor.h is preferred over default in linux/bootmem.h
completely since the former header isn't included by the latter
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/e046aeaa-e160-6d9e-dc1b-e084c2fd999f@zoho.com
Signed-off-by: zijun_hu <zijun_hu@htc.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The total reserved memory in a system is accounted but not available for
use use outside mm/memblock.c. By exposing the total reserved memory,
systems can better calculate the size of large hashes.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472476010-4709-3-git-send-email-srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Suggested-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Mahesh Salgaonkar <mahesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently arch specific code can reserve memory blocks but
alloc_large_system_hash() may not take it into consideration when sizing
the hashes. This can lead to bigger hash than required and lead to no
available memory for other purposes. This is specifically true for
systems with CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT enabled.
One approach to solve this problem would be to walk through the memblock
regions and calculate the available memory and base the size of hash
system on the available memory.
The other approach would be to depend on the architecture to provide the
number of pages that are reserved. This change provides hooks to allow
the architecture to provide the required info.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472476010-4709-2-git-send-email-srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Suggested-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Mahesh Salgaonkar <mahesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use the existing enums instead of hardcoded index when looking at the
zonelist. This makes it more readable. No functionality change by this
patch.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472227078-24852-1-git-send-email-aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Anshuman Khandual <khandual@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
oom reaper was skipped for an mm which is shared with the kernel thread
(aka use_mm()). The primary concern was that such a kthread might want
to read from the userspace memory and see zero page as a result of the
oom reaper action. This is no longer a problem after "mm: make sure
that kthreads will not refault oom reaped memory" because any attempt to
fault in when the MMF_UNSTABLE is set will result in SIGBUS and so the
target user should see an error. This means that we can finally allow
oom reaper also to tasks which share their mm with kthreads.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472119394-11342-10-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are only few use_mm() users in the kernel right now. Most of them
write to the target memory but vhost driver relies on
copy_from_user/get_user from a kernel thread context. This makes it
impossible to reap the memory of an oom victim which shares the mm with
the vhost kernel thread because it could see a zero page unexpectedly
and theoretically make an incorrect decision visible outside of the
killed task context.
To quote Michael S. Tsirkin:
: Getting an error from __get_user and friends is handled gracefully.
: Getting zero instead of a real value will cause userspace
: memory corruption.
The vhost kernel thread is bound to an open fd of the vhost device which
is not tight to the mm owner life cycle in general. The device fd can
be inherited or passed over to another process which means that we
really have to be careful about unexpected memory corruption because
unlike for normal oom victims the result will be visible outside of the
oom victim context.
Make sure that no kthread context (users of use_mm) can ever see
corrupted data because of the oom reaper and hook into the page fault
path by checking MMF_UNSTABLE mm flag. __oom_reap_task_mm will set the
flag before it starts unmapping the address space while the flag is
checked after the page fault has been handled. If the flag is set then
SIGBUS is triggered so any g-u-p user will get a error code.
Regular tasks do not need this protection because all which share the mm
are killed when the mm is reaped and so the corruption will not outlive
them.
This patch shouldn't have any visible effect at this moment because the
OOM killer doesn't invoke oom reaper for tasks with mm shared with
kthreads yet.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472119394-11342-9-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There are no users of exit_oom_victim on !current task anymore so enforce
the API to always work on the current.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472119394-11342-8-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 7407054209 ("oom, suspend: fix oom_reaper vs.
oom_killer_disable race") has workaround an existing race between
oom_killer_disable and oom_reaper by adding another round of
try_to_freeze_tasks after the oom killer was disabled. This was the
easiest thing to do for a late 4.7 fix. Let's fix it properly now.
After "oom: keep mm of the killed task available" we no longer have to
call exit_oom_victim from the oom reaper because we have stable mm
available and hide the oom_reaped mm by MMF_OOM_SKIP flag. So let's
remove exit_oom_victim and the race described in the above commit
doesn't exist anymore if.
Unfortunately this alone is not sufficient for the oom_killer_disable
usecase because now we do not have any reliable way to reach
exit_oom_victim (the victim might get stuck on a way to exit for an
unbounded amount of time). OOM killer can cope with that by checking mm
flags and move on to another victim but we cannot do the same for
oom_killer_disable as we would lose the guarantee of no further
interference of the victim with the rest of the system. What we can do
instead is to cap the maximum time the oom_killer_disable waits for
victims. The only current user of this function (pm suspend) already
has a concept of timeout for back off so we can reuse the same value
there.
Let's drop set_freezable for the oom_reaper kthread because it is no
longer needed as the reaper doesn't wake or thaw any processes.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472119394-11342-7-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After "oom: keep mm of the killed task available" we can safely detect
an oom victim by checking task->signal->oom_mm so we do not need the
signal_struct counter anymore so let's get rid of it.
This alone wouldn't be sufficient for nommu archs because
exit_oom_victim doesn't hide the process from the oom killer anymore.
We can, however, mark the mm with a MMF flag in __mmput. We can reuse
MMF_OOM_REAPED and rename it to a more generic MMF_OOM_SKIP.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472119394-11342-6-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
oom_reap_task has to call exit_oom_victim in order to make sure that the
oom vicim will not block the oom killer for ever. This is, however,
opening new problems (e.g oom_killer_disable exclusion - see commit
7407054209 ("oom, suspend: fix oom_reaper vs. oom_killer_disable
race")). exit_oom_victim should be only called from the victim's
context ideally.
One way to achieve this would be to rely on per mm_struct flags. We
already have MMF_OOM_REAPED to hide a task from the oom killer since
"mm, oom: hide mm which is shared with kthread or global init". The
problem is that the exit path:
do_exit
exit_mm
tsk->mm = NULL;
mmput
__mmput
exit_oom_victim
doesn't guarantee that exit_oom_victim will get called in a bounded
amount of time. At least exit_aio depends on IO which might get blocked
due to lack of memory and who knows what else is lurking there.
This patch takes a different approach. We remember tsk->mm into the
signal_struct and bind it to the signal struct life time for all oom
victims. __oom_reap_task_mm as well as oom_scan_process_thread do not
have to rely on find_lock_task_mm anymore and they will have a reliable
reference to the mm struct. As a result all the oom specific
communication inside the OOM killer can be done via tsk->signal->oom_mm.
Increasing the signal_struct for something as unlikely as the oom killer
is far from ideal but this approach will make the code much more
reasonable and long term we even might want to move task->mm into the
signal_struct anyway. In the next step we might want to make the oom
killer exclusion and access to memory reserves completely independent
which would be also nice.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472119394-11342-4-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
"mm, oom_reaper: do not attempt to reap a task twice" tried to give the
OOM reaper one more chance to retry using MMF_OOM_NOT_REAPABLE flag.
But the usefulness of the flag is rather limited and actually never
shown in practice. If the flag is set, it means that the holder of
mm->mmap_sem cannot call up_write() due to presumably being blocked at
unkillable wait waiting for other thread's memory allocation. But since
one of threads sharing that mm will queue that mm immediately via
task_will_free_mem() shortcut (otherwise, oom_badness() will select the
same mm again due to oom_score_adj value unchanged), retrying
MMF_OOM_NOT_REAPABLE mm is unlikely helpful.
Let's always set MMF_OOM_REAPED.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472119394-11342-3-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "fortify oom killer even more", v2.
This patch (of 9):
__oom_reap_task() can be simplified a bit if it receives a valid mm from
oom_reap_task() which also uses that mm when __oom_reap_task() failed.
We can drop one find_lock_task_mm() call and also make the
__oom_reap_task() code flow easier to follow. Moreover, this will make
later patch in the series easier to review. Pinning mm's mm_count for
longer time is not really harmful because this will not pin much memory.
This patch doesn't introduce any functional change.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472119394-11342-2-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This is a code clean up patch without functionality changes. The
swap_cluster_list data structure and its operations are introduced to
provide some better encapsulation for the free cluster and discard
cluster list operations. This avoid some code duplication, improved the
code readability, and reduced the total line number.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472067356-16004-1-git-send-email-ying.huang@intel.com
Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If a fatal signal has been received, fail immediately instead of trying
to read more data.
If wait_on_page_locked_killable() was interrupted then this page is most
likely is not PageUptodate() and in this case do_generic_file_read()
will fail after lock_page_killable().
See also commit ebded02788 ("mm: filemap: avoid unnecessary calls to
lock_page when waiting for IO to complete during a read")
[oleg@redhat.com: changelog addition]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/63068e8e-8bee-b208-8441-a3c39a9d9eb6@sandisk.com
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bart.vanassche@sandisk.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is a memory waste problem if we define field on struct page_ext by
hard-coding. Entry size of struct page_ext includes the size of those
fields even if it is disabled at runtime. Now, extra memory request at
runtime is possible so page_owner don't need to define it's own fields
by hard-coding.
This patch removes hard-coded define and uses extra memory for storing
page_owner information in page_owner. Most of code are just mechanical
changes.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1471315879-32294-7-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Until now, if some page_ext users want to use it's own field on
page_ext, it should be defined in struct page_ext by hard-coding. It
has a problem that wastes memory in following situation.
struct page_ext {
#ifdef CONFIG_A
int a;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_B
int b;
#endif
};
Assume that kernel is built with both CONFIG_A and CONFIG_B. Even if we
enable feature A and doesn't enable feature B at runtime, each entry of
struct page_ext takes two int rather than one int. It's undesirable
result so this patch tries to fix it.
To solve above problem, this patch implements to support extra space
allocation at runtime. When need() callback returns true, it's extra
memory requirement is summed to entry size of page_ext. Also, offset
for each user's extra memory space is returned. With this offset, user
can use this extra space and there is no need to define needed field on
page_ext by hard-coding.
This patch only implements an infrastructure. Following patch will use
it for page_owner which is only user having it's own fields on page_ext.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1471315879-32294-6-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Here, 'offset' means entry index in page_ext array. Following patch
will use 'offset' for field offset in each entry so rename current
'offset' to prevent confusion.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1471315879-32294-5-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
There is no reason that page_owner specific function resides on
vmstat.c.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1471315879-32294-4-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
What debug_pagealloc does is just mapping/unmapping page table.
Basically, it doesn't need additional memory space to memorize
something. But, with guard page feature, it requires additional memory
to distinguish if the page is for guard or not. Guard page is only used
when debug_guardpage_minorder is non-zero so this patch removes
additional memory allocation (page_ext) if debug_guardpage_minorder is
zero.
It saves memory if we just use debug_pagealloc and not guard page.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1471315879-32294-3-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "Reduce memory waste by page extension user".
This patchset tries to reduce memory waste by page extension user.
First case is architecture supported debug_pagealloc. It doesn't
requires additional memory if guard page isn't used. 8 bytes per page
will be saved in this case.
Second case is related to page owner feature. Until now, if page_ext
users want to use it's own fields on page_ext, fields should be defined
in struct page_ext by hard-coding. It has a following problem.
struct page_ext {
#ifdef CONFIG_A
int a;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_B
int b;
#endif
};
Assume that kernel is built with both CONFIG_A and CONFIG_B. Even if we
enable feature A and doesn't enable feature B at runtime, each entry of
struct page_ext takes two int rather than one int. It's undesirable
waste so this patch tries to reduce it. By this patchset, we can save
20 bytes per page dedicated for page owner feature in some
configurations.
This patch (of 6):
We can make code clean by moving decision condition for set_page_guard()
into set_page_guard() itself. It will help code readability. There is
no functional change.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1471315879-32294-2-git-send-email-iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
throttle_vm_writeout() was introduced back in 2005 to fix OOMs caused by
excessive pageout activity during the reclaim. Too many pages could be
put under writeback therefore LRUs would be full of unreclaimable pages
until the IO completes and in turn the OOM killer could be invoked.
There have been some important changes introduced since then in the
reclaim path though. Writers are throttled by balance_dirty_pages when
initiating the buffered IO and later during the memory pressure, the
direct reclaim is throttled by wait_iff_congested if the node is
considered congested by dirty pages on LRUs and the underlying bdi is
congested by the queued IO. The kswapd is throttled as well if it
encounters pages marked for immediate reclaim or under writeback which
signals that that there are too many pages under writeback already.
Finally should_reclaim_retry does congestion_wait if the reclaim cannot
make any progress and there are too many dirty/writeback pages.
Another important aspect is that we do not issue any IO from the direct
reclaim context anymore. In a heavy parallel load this could queue a
lot of IO which would be very scattered and thus unefficient which would
just make the problem worse.
This three mechanisms should throttle and keep the amount of IO in a
steady state even under heavy IO and memory pressure so yet another
throttling point doesn't really seem helpful. Quite contrary, Mikulas
Patocka has reported that swap backed by dm-crypt doesn't work properly
because the swapout IO cannot make sufficient progress as the writeout
path depends on dm_crypt worker which has to allocate memory to perform
the encryption. In order to guarantee a forward progress it relies on
the mempool allocator. mempool_alloc(), however, prefers to use the
underlying (usually page) allocator before it grabs objects from the
pool. Such an allocation can dive into the memory reclaim and
consequently to throttle_vm_writeout. If there are too many dirty or
pages under writeback it will get throttled even though it is in fact a
flusher to clear pending pages.
kworker/u4:0 D ffff88003df7f438 10488 6 2 0x00000000
Workqueue: kcryptd kcryptd_crypt [dm_crypt]
Call Trace:
schedule+0x3c/0x90
schedule_timeout+0x1d8/0x360
io_schedule_timeout+0xa4/0x110
congestion_wait+0x86/0x1f0
throttle_vm_writeout+0x44/0xd0
shrink_zone_memcg+0x613/0x720
shrink_zone+0xe0/0x300
do_try_to_free_pages+0x1ad/0x450
try_to_free_pages+0xef/0x300
__alloc_pages_nodemask+0x879/0x1210
alloc_pages_current+0xa1/0x1f0
new_slab+0x2d7/0x6a0
___slab_alloc+0x3fb/0x5c0
__slab_alloc+0x51/0x90
kmem_cache_alloc+0x27b/0x310
mempool_alloc_slab+0x1d/0x30
mempool_alloc+0x91/0x230
bio_alloc_bioset+0xbd/0x260
kcryptd_crypt+0x114/0x3b0 [dm_crypt]
Let's just drop throttle_vm_writeout altogether. It is not very much
helpful anymore.
I have tried to test a potential writeback IO runaway similar to the one
described in the original patch which has introduced that [1]. Small
virtual machine (512MB RAM, 4 CPUs, 2G of swap space and disk image on a
rather slow NFS in a sync mode on the host) with 8 parallel writers each
writing 1G worth of data. As soon as the pagecache fills up and the
direct reclaim hits then I start anon memory consumer in a loop
(allocating 300M and exiting after populating it) in the background to
make the memory pressure even stronger as well as to disrupt the steady
state for the IO. The direct reclaim is throttled because of the
congestion as well as kswapd hitting congestion_wait due to nr_immediate
but throttle_vm_writeout doesn't ever trigger the sleep throughout the
test. Dirty+writeback are close to nr_dirty_threshold with some
fluctuations caused by the anon consumer.
[1] https://www2.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/akpm/patches/2.6/2.6.9-rc1/2.6.9-rc1-mm3/broken-out/vm-pageout-throttling.patch
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1471171473-21418-1-git-send-email-mhocko@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reported-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com>
Cc: Ondrej Kozina <okozina@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On x86_64 MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES is usually 4M, and a pageblock is usually
2M, so we only set one pageblock's migratetype in deferred_free_range()
if pfn is aligned to MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES. That means it causes
uninitialized migratetype blocks, you can see from "cat
/proc/pagetypeinfo", almost half blocks are Unmovable.
Also we missed freeing the last block in deferred_init_memmap(), it
causes memory leak.
Fixes: ac5d2539b2 ("mm: meminit: reduce number of times pageblocks are set during struct page init")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/57A3260F.4050709@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kamezawa Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The compaction_ready() is used during direct reclaim for costly order
allocations to skip reclaim for zones where compaction should be
attempted instead. It's combining the standard compaction_suitable()
check with its own watermark check based on high watermark with extra
gap, and the result is confusing at best.
This patch attempts to better structure and document the checks
involved. First, compaction_suitable() can determine that the
allocation should either succeed already, or that compaction doesn't
have enough free pages to proceed. The third possibility is that
compaction has enough free pages, but we still decide to reclaim first -
unless we are already above the high watermark with gap. This does not
mean that the reclaim will actually reach this watermark during single
attempt, this is rather an over-reclaim protection. So document the
code as such. The check for compaction_deferred() is removed
completely, as it in fact had no proper role here.
The result after this patch is mainly a less confusing code. We also
skip some over-reclaim in cases where the allocation should already
succed.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-12-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The __compaction_suitable() function checks the low watermark plus a
compact_gap() gap to decide if there's enough free memory to perform
compaction. Then __isolate_free_page uses low watermark check to decide
if particular free page can be isolated. In the latter case, using low
watermark is needlessly pessimistic, as the free page isolations are
only temporary. For __compaction_suitable() the higher watermark makes
sense for high-order allocations where more freepages increase the
chance of success, and we can typically fail with some order-0 fallback
when the system is struggling to reach that watermark. But for
low-order allocation, forming the page should not be that hard. So
using low watermark here might just prevent compaction from even trying,
and eventually lead to OOM killer even if we are above min watermarks.
So after this patch, we use min watermark for non-costly orders in
__compaction_suitable(), and for all orders in __isolate_free_page().
[vbabka@suse.cz: clarify __isolate_free_page() comment]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/7ae4baec-4eca-e70b-2a69-94bea4fb19fa@suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-11-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The __compaction_suitable() function checks the low watermark plus a
compact_gap() gap to decide if there's enough free memory to perform
compaction. This check uses direct compactor's alloc_flags, but that's
wrong, since these flags are not applicable for freepage isolation.
For example, alloc_flags may indicate access to memory reserves, making
compaction proceed, and then fail watermark check during the isolation.
A similar problem exists for ALLOC_CMA, which may be part of
alloc_flags, but not during freepage isolation. In this case however it
makes sense to use ALLOC_CMA both in __compaction_suitable() and
__isolate_free_page(), since there's actually nothing preventing the
freepage scanner to isolate from CMA pageblocks, with the assumption
that a page that could be migrated once by compaction can be migrated
also later by CMA allocation. Thus we should count pages in CMA
pageblocks when considering compaction suitability and when isolating
freepages.
To sum up, this patch should remove some false positives from
__compaction_suitable(), and allow compaction to proceed when free pages
required for compaction reside in the CMA pageblocks.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-10-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Compaction uses a watermark gap of (2UL << order) pages at various
places and it's not immediately obvious why. Abstract it through a
compact_gap() wrapper to create a single place with a thorough
explanation.
[vbabka@suse.cz: clarify the comment of compact_gap()]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/7b6aed1f-fdf8-2063-9ff4-bbe4de712d37@suse.cz
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-9-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The __compact_finished() function uses low watermark in a check that has
to pass if the direct compaction is to finish and allocation should
succeed. This is too pessimistic, as the allocation will typically use
min watermark. It may happen that during compaction, we drop below the
low watermark (due to parallel activity), but still form the target
high-order page. By checking against low watermark, we might needlessly
continue compaction.
Similarly, __compaction_suitable() uses low watermark in a check whether
allocation can succeed without compaction. Again, this is unnecessarily
pessimistic.
After this patch, these check will use direct compactor's alloc_flags to
determine the watermark, which is effectively the min watermark.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-8-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
During reclaim/compaction loop, it's desirable to get a final answer
from unsuccessful compaction so we can either fail the allocation or
invoke the OOM killer. However, heuristics such as deferred compaction
or pageblock skip bits can cause compaction to skip parts or whole zones
and lead to premature OOM's, failures or excessive reclaim/compaction
retries.
To remedy this, we introduce a new direct compaction priority called
COMPACT_PRIO_SYNC_FULL, which instructs direct compaction to:
- ignore deferred compaction status for a zone
- ignore pageblock skip hints
- ignore cached scanner positions and scan the whole zone
The new priority should get eventually picked up by
should_compact_retry() and this should improve success rates for costly
allocations using __GFP_REPEAT, such as hugetlbfs allocations, and
reduce some corner-case OOM's for non-costly allocations.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-6-vbabka@suse.cz
[vbabka@suse.cz: use the MIN_COMPACT_PRIORITY alias]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/d443b884-87e7-1c93-8684-3a3a35759fb1@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Joonsoo has reminded me that in a later patch changing watermark checks
throughout compaction I forgot to update checks in
try_to_compact_pages() and compactd_do_work(). Closer inspection
however shows that they are redundant now in the success case, because
compact_zone() now reliably reports this with COMPACT_SUCCESS. So
effectively the checks just repeat (a subset) of checks that have just
passed. So instead of checking watermarks again, just test the return
value.
Note it's also possible that compaction would declare failure e.g.
because its find_suitable_fallback() is more strict than simple
watermark check, and then the watermark check we are removing would then
still succeed. After this patch this is not possible and it's arguably
better, because for long-term fragmentation avoidance we should rather
try a different zone than allocate with the unsuitable fallback. If
compaction of all zones fail and the allocation is important enough, it
will retry and succeed anyway.
Also remove the stray "bool success" variable from kcompactd_do_work().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-5-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
COMPACT_PARTIAL has historically meant that compaction returned after
doing some work without fully compacting a zone. It however didn't
distinguish if compaction terminated because it succeeded in creating
the requested high-order page. This has changed recently and now we
only return COMPACT_PARTIAL when compaction thinks it succeeded, or the
high-order watermark check in compaction_suitable() passes and no
compaction needs to be done.
So at this point we can make the return value clearer by renaming it to
COMPACT_SUCCESS. The next patch will remove some redundant tests for
success where compaction just returned COMPACT_SUCCESS.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-4-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since kswapd compaction moved to kcompactd, compact_pgdat() is not
called anymore, so we remove it. The only caller of __compact_pgdat()
is compact_node(), so we merge them and remove code that was only
reachable from kswapd.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-3-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Patch series "make direct compaction more deterministic")
This is mostly a followup to Michal's oom detection rework, which
highlighted the need for direct compaction to provide better feedback in
reclaim/compaction loop, so that it can reliably recognize when
compaction cannot make further progress, and allocation should invoke
OOM killer or fail. We've discussed this at LSF/MM [1] where I proposed
expanding the async/sync migration mode used in compaction to more
general "priorities". This patchset adds one new priority that just
overrides all the heuristics and makes compaction fully scan all zones.
I don't currently think that we need more fine-grained priorities, but
we'll see. Other than that there's some smaller fixes and cleanups,
mainly related to the THP-specific hacks.
I've tested this with stress-highalloc in GFP_KERNEL order-4 and
THP-like order-9 scenarios. There's some improvement for compaction
stats for the order-4, which is likely due to the better watermarks
handling. In the previous version I reported mostly noise wrt
compaction stats, and decreased direct reclaim - now the reclaim is
without difference. I believe this is due to the less aggressive
compaction priority increase in patch 6.
"before" is a mmotm tree prior to 4.7 release plus the first part of the
series that was sent and merged separately
before after
order-4:
Compaction stalls 27216 30759
Compaction success 19598 25475
Compaction failures 7617 5283
Page migrate success 370510 464919
Page migrate failure 25712 27987
Compaction pages isolated 849601 1041581
Compaction migrate scanned 143146541 101084990
Compaction free scanned 208355124 144863510
Compaction cost 1403 1210
order-9:
Compaction stalls 7311 7401
Compaction success 1634 1683
Compaction failures 5677 5718
Page migrate success 194657 183988
Page migrate failure 4753 4170
Compaction pages isolated 498790 456130
Compaction migrate scanned 565371 524174
Compaction free scanned 4230296 4250744
Compaction cost 215 203
[1] https://lwn.net/Articles/684611/
This patch (of 11):
A recent patch has added whole_zone flag that compaction sets when
scanning starts from the zone boundary, in order to report that zone has
been fully scanned in one attempt. For allocations that want to try
really hard or cannot fail, we will want to introduce a mode where
scanning whole zone is guaranteed regardless of the cached positions.
This patch reuses the whole_zone flag in a way that if it's already
passed true to compaction, the cached scanner positions are ignored.
Employing this flag during reclaim/compaction loop will be done in the
next patch. This patch however converts compaction invoked from
userspace via procfs to use this flag. Before this patch, the cached
positions were first reset to zone boundaries and then read back from
struct zone, so there was a window where a parallel compaction could
replace the reset values, making the manual compaction less effective.
Using the flag instead of performing reset is more robust.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160810091226.6709-2-vbabka@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It causes double align requirement for __get_vm_area_node() if parameter
size is power of 2 and VM_IOREMAP is set in parameter flags, for example
size=0x10000 -> fls_long(0x10000)=17 -> align=0x20000
get_count_order_long() is implemented and can be used instead of
fls_long() for fixing the bug, for example size=0x10000 ->
get_count_order_long(0x10000)=16 -> align=0x10000
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/get_order_long()/get_count_order_long()/]
[zijun_hu@zoho.com: fixes]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/57AABC8B.1040409@zoho.com
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: locate get_count_order_long() next to get_count_order()]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: move get_count_order[_long] definitions to pick up fls_long()]
[zijun_hu@htc.com: move out get_count_order[_long]() from __KERNEL__ scope]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/57B2C4CE.80303@zoho.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/fc045ecf-20fa-0722-b3ac-9a6140488fad@zoho.com
Signed-off-by: zijun_hu <zijun_hu@htc.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: zijun_hu <zijun_hu@htc.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When selecting an oom victim, we use the same heuristic for both memory
cgroup and global oom. The only difference is the scope of tasks to
select the victim from. So we could just export an iterator over all
memcg tasks and keep all oom related logic in oom_kill.c, but instead we
duplicate pieces of it in memcontrol.c reusing some initially private
functions of oom_kill.c in order to not duplicate all of it. That looks
ugly and error prone, because any modification of select_bad_process
should also be propagated to mem_cgroup_out_of_memory.
Let's rework this as follows: keep all oom heuristic related code private
to oom_kill.c and make oom_kill.c use exported memcg functions when it's
really necessary (like in case of iterating over memcg tasks).
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1470056933-7505-1-git-send-email-vdavydov@virtuozzo.com
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull VFS splice updates from Al Viro:
"There's a bunch of branches this cycle, both mine and from other folks
and I'd rather send pull requests separately.
This one is the conversion of ->splice_read() to ITER_PIPE iov_iter
(and introduction of such). Gets rid of a lot of code in fs/splice.c
and elsewhere; there will be followups, but these are for the next
cycle... Some pipe/splice-related cleanups from Miklos in the same
branch as well"
* 'work.splice_read' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
pipe: fix comment in pipe_buf_operations
pipe: add pipe_buf_steal() helper
pipe: add pipe_buf_confirm() helper
pipe: add pipe_buf_release() helper
pipe: add pipe_buf_get() helper
relay: simplify relay_file_read()
switch default_file_splice_read() to use of pipe-backed iov_iter
switch generic_file_splice_read() to use of ->read_iter()
new iov_iter flavour: pipe-backed
fuse_dev_splice_read(): switch to add_to_pipe()
skb_splice_bits(): get rid of callback
new helper: add_to_pipe()
splice: lift pipe_lock out of splice_to_pipe()
splice: switch get_iovec_page_array() to iov_iter
splice_to_pipe(): don't open-code wakeup_pipe_readers()
consistent treatment of EFAULT on O_DIRECT read/write
Included in this update:
- change of XFS mailing list to linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org
- iomap-based DAX infrastructure w/ XFS and ext2 support
- small iomap fixes and additions
- more efficient XFS delayed allocation infrastructure based on iomap
- a rework of log recovery writeback scheduling to ensure we don't
fail recovery when trying to replay items that are already on disk
- some preparation patches for upcoming reflink support
- configurable error handling fixes and documentation
- aio access time update race fixes for XFS and generic_file_read_iter
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Merge tag 'xfs-for-linus-4.9-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dgc/linux-xfs
Pull xfs and iomap updates from Dave Chinner:
"The main things in this update are the iomap-based DAX infrastructure,
an XFS delalloc rework, and a chunk of fixes to how log recovery
schedules writeback to prevent spurious corruption detections when
recovery of certain items was not required.
The other main chunk of code is some preparation for the upcoming
reflink functionality. Most of it is generic and cleanups that stand
alone, but they were ready and reviewed so are in this pull request.
Speaking of reflink, I'm currently planning to send you another pull
request next week containing all the new reflink functionality. I'm
working through a similar process to the last cycle, where I sent the
reverse mapping code in a separate request because of how large it
was. The reflink code merge is even bigger than reverse mapping, so
I'll be doing the same thing again....
Summary for this update:
- change of XFS mailing list to linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org
- iomap-based DAX infrastructure w/ XFS and ext2 support
- small iomap fixes and additions
- more efficient XFS delayed allocation infrastructure based on iomap
- a rework of log recovery writeback scheduling to ensure we don't
fail recovery when trying to replay items that are already on disk
- some preparation patches for upcoming reflink support
- configurable error handling fixes and documentation
- aio access time update race fixes for XFS and
generic_file_read_iter"
* tag 'xfs-for-linus-4.9-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dgc/linux-xfs: (40 commits)
fs: update atime before I/O in generic_file_read_iter
xfs: update atime before I/O in xfs_file_dio_aio_read
ext2: fix possible integer truncation in ext2_iomap_begin
xfs: log recovery tracepoints to track current lsn and buffer submission
xfs: update metadata LSN in buffers during log recovery
xfs: don't warn on buffers not being recovered due to LSN
xfs: pass current lsn to log recovery buffer validation
xfs: rework log recovery to submit buffers on LSN boundaries
xfs: quiesce the filesystem after recovery on readonly mount
xfs: remote attribute blocks aren't really userdata
ext2: use iomap to implement DAX
ext2: stop passing buffer_head to ext2_get_blocks
xfs: use iomap to implement DAX
xfs: refactor xfs_setfilesize
xfs: take the ilock shared if possible in xfs_file_iomap_begin
xfs: fix locking for DAX writes
dax: provide an iomap based fault handler
dax: provide an iomap based dax read/write path
dax: don't pass buffer_head to copy_user_dax
dax: don't pass buffer_head to dax_insert_mapping
...
Commit 22f2ac51b6 ("mm: workingset: fix crash in shadow node shrinker
caused by replace_page_cache_page()") switched replace_page_cache() from
raw radix tree operations to page_cache_tree_insert() but didn't take
into account that the latter function, unlike the raw radix tree op,
handles mapping->nrpages. As a result, that counter is bumped for each
page replacement rather than balanced out even.
The mapping->nrpages counter is used to skip needless radix tree walks
when invalidating, truncating, syncing inodes without pages, as well as
statistics for userspace. Since the error is positive, we'll do more
page cache tree walks than necessary; we won't miss a necessary one.
And we'll report more buffer pages to userspace than there are. The
error is limited to fuse inodes.
Fixes: 22f2ac51b6 ("mm: workingset: fix crash in shadow node shrinker caused by replace_page_cache_page()")
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When the underflow checks were added to workingset_node_shadow_dec(),
they triggered immediately:
kernel BUG at ./include/linux/swap.h:276!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
Modules linked in: isofs usb_storage fuse xt_CHECKSUM ipt_MASQUERADE nf_nat_masquerade_ipv4 tun nf_conntrack_netbios_ns nf_conntrack_broadcast ip6t_REJECT nf_reject_ipv6
soundcore wmi acpi_als pinctrl_sunrisepoint kfifo_buf tpm_tis industrialio acpi_pad pinctrl_intel tpm_tis_core tpm nfsd auth_rpcgss nfs_acl lockd grace sunrpc dm_crypt
CPU: 0 PID: 20929 Comm: blkid Not tainted 4.8.0-rc8-00087-gbe67d60ba944 #1
Hardware name: System manufacturer System Product Name/Z170-K, BIOS 1803 05/06/2016
task: ffff8faa93ecd940 task.stack: ffff8faa7f478000
RIP: page_cache_tree_insert+0xf1/0x100
Call Trace:
__add_to_page_cache_locked+0x12e/0x270
add_to_page_cache_lru+0x4e/0xe0
mpage_readpages+0x112/0x1d0
blkdev_readpages+0x1d/0x20
__do_page_cache_readahead+0x1ad/0x290
force_page_cache_readahead+0xaa/0x100
page_cache_sync_readahead+0x3f/0x50
generic_file_read_iter+0x5af/0x740
blkdev_read_iter+0x35/0x40
__vfs_read+0xe1/0x130
vfs_read+0x96/0x130
SyS_read+0x55/0xc0
entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x13/0x8f
Code: 03 00 48 8b 5d d8 65 48 33 1c 25 28 00 00 00 44 89 e8 75 19 48 83 c4 18 5b 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 5d c3 0f 0b 41 bd ef ff ff ff eb d7 <0f> 0b e8 88 68 ef ff 0f 1f 84 00
RIP page_cache_tree_insert+0xf1/0x100
This is a long-standing bug in the way shadow entries are accounted in
the radix tree nodes. The shrinker needs to know when radix tree nodes
contain only shadow entries, no pages, so node->count is split in half
to count shadows in the upper bits and pages in the lower bits.
Unfortunately, the radix tree implementation doesn't know of this and
assumes all entries are in node->count. When there is a shadow entry
directly in root->rnode and the tree is later extended, the radix tree
implementation will copy that entry into the new node and and bump its
node->count, i.e. increases the page count bits. Once the shadow gets
removed and we subtract from the upper counter, node->count underflows
and triggers the warning. Afterwards, without node->count reaching 0
again, the radix tree node is leaked.
Limit shadow entries to when we have actual radix tree nodes and can
count them properly. That means we lose the ability to detect refaults
from files that had only the first page faulted in at eviction time.
Fixes: 449dd6984d ("mm: keep page cache radix tree nodes in check")
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-and-tested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
in order to ensure the percpu group areas within a chunk aren't
distributed too sparsely, pcpu_embed_first_chunk() goes to error handling
path when a chunk spans over 3/4 VMALLOC area, however, during the error
handling, it forget to free the memory allocated for all percpu groups by
going to label @out_free other than @out_free_areas.
it will cause memory leakage issue if the rare scene really happens, in
order to fix the issue, we check chunk spanned area immediately after
completing memory allocation for all percpu groups, we go to label
@out_free_areas to free the memory then return if the checking is failed.
in order to verify the approach, we dump all memory allocated then
enforce the jump then dump all memory freed, the result is okay after
checking whether we free all memory we allocate in this function.
BTW, The approach is chosen after thinking over the below scenes
- we don't go to label @out_free directly to fix this issue since we
maybe free several allocated memory blocks twice
- the aim of jumping after pcpu_setup_first_chunk() is bypassing free
usable memory other than handling error, moreover, the function does
not return error code in any case, it either panics due to BUG_ON()
or return 0.
Signed-off-by: zijun_hu <zijun_hu@htc.com>
Tested-by: zijun_hu <zijun_hu@htc.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
pcpu_embed_first_chunk() calculates the range a percpu chunk spans into
@max_distance and uses it to ensure that a chunk is not too big compared
to the total vmalloc area. However, during calculation, it used incorrect
top address by adding a unit size to the highest group's base address.
This can make the calculated max_distance slightly smaller than the actual
distance although given the scale of values involved the error is very
unlikely to have an actual impact.
Fix this issue by adding the group's size instead of a unit size.
BTW, The type of variable max_distance is changed from size_t to unsigned
long too based on below consideration:
- type unsigned long usually have same width with IP core registers and
can be applied at here very well
- make @max_distance type consistent with the operand calculated against
it such as @ai->groups[i].base_offset and macro VMALLOC_TOTAL
- type unsigned long is more universal then size_t, size_t is type defined
to unsigned int or unsigned long among various ARCHs usually
Signed-off-by: zijun_hu <zijun_hu@htc.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Pull CPU hotplug updates from Thomas Gleixner:
"Yet another batch of cpu hotplug core updates and conversions:
- Provide core infrastructure for multi instance drivers so the
drivers do not have to keep custom lists.
- Convert custom lists to the new infrastructure. The block-mq custom
list conversion comes through the block tree and makes the diffstat
tip over to more lines removed than added.
- Handle unbalanced hotplug enable/disable calls more gracefully.
- Remove the obsolete CPU_STARTING/DYING notifier support.
- Convert another batch of notifier users.
The relayfs changes which conflicted with the conversion have been
shipped to me by Andrew.
The remaining lot is targeted for 4.10 so that we finally can remove
the rest of the notifiers"
* 'smp-hotplug-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (46 commits)
cpufreq: Fix up conversion to hotplug state machine
blk/mq: Reserve hotplug states for block multiqueue
x86/apic/uv: Convert to hotplug state machine
s390/mm/pfault: Convert to hotplug state machine
mips/loongson/smp: Convert to hotplug state machine
mips/octeon/smp: Convert to hotplug state machine
fault-injection/cpu: Convert to hotplug state machine
padata: Convert to hotplug state machine
cpufreq: Convert to hotplug state machine
ACPI/processor: Convert to hotplug state machine
virtio scsi: Convert to hotplug state machine
oprofile/timer: Convert to hotplug state machine
block/softirq: Convert to hotplug state machine
lib/irq_poll: Convert to hotplug state machine
x86/microcode: Convert to hotplug state machine
sh/SH-X3 SMP: Convert to hotplug state machine
ia64/mca: Convert to hotplug state machine
ARM/OMAP/wakeupgen: Convert to hotplug state machine
ARM/shmobile: Convert to hotplug state machine
arm64/FP/SIMD: Convert to hotplug state machine
...
Pull x86 vdso updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main changes in this cycle centered around adding support for
32-bit compatible C/R of the vDSO on 64-bit kernels, by Dmitry
Safonov"
* 'x86-vdso-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/vdso: Use CONFIG_X86_X32_ABI to enable vdso prctl
x86/vdso: Only define map_vdso_randomized() if CONFIG_X86_64
x86/vdso: Only define prctl_map_vdso() if CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
x86/signal: Add SA_{X32,IA32}_ABI sa_flags
x86/ptrace: Down with test_thread_flag(TIF_IA32)
x86/coredump: Use pr_reg size, rather that TIF_IA32 flag
x86/arch_prctl/vdso: Add ARCH_MAP_VDSO_*
x86/vdso: Replace calculate_addr in map_vdso() with addr
x86/vdso: Unmap vdso blob on vvar mapping failure
- Add a mechanism for passing hints from the scheduler to cpufreq governors
via their utilization update callbacks and use it to introduce "IOwait
boosting" into the schedutil governor and intel_pstate that will make them
boost performance if the enqueued task was previously waiting on I/O
(Rafael Wysocki).
- Fix a schedutil governor problem that causes it to overestimate utilization
if SMT is in use (Steve Muckle).
- Update defconfigs trying to use the schedutil governor as a module which is
not possible any more (Javier Martinez Canillas).
- Update the intel_pstate's pstate_sample tracepoint to take "IOwait boosting"
into account (Srinivas Pandruvada).
- Fix a problem in the cpufreq core causing it to mishandle the initialization
of CPUs registered after the cpufreq driver (Viresh Kumar, Rafael Wysocki).
- Make the cpufreq-dt driver support per-policy governor tunables, clean it
up and update its Kconfig description (Viresh Kumar).
- Add support for more ARM platforms to the cpufreq-dt driver (Chanwoo Choi,
Dave Gerlach, Geert Uytterhoeven).
- Make the cpufreq CPPC driver report frequencies in KHz to avoid user space
compatiblility issues (Al Stone, Hoan Tran).
- Clean up a few cpufreq drivers (st, kirkwood, SCPI) a bit (Colin Ian King,
Markus Elfring).
- Constify some local structures in the intel_pstate driver (Julia Lawall).
- Add a Documentation/cpu-freq/ entry to MAINTAINERS (Jean Delvare).
- Add support for PM domain removal to the generic power domains (genpd)
framework, add new DT helper functions to it and make it always enable
debugfs support if available (Jon Hunter, Tomeu Vizoso).
- Clean up the generic power domains (genpd) framework and make it avoid
measuring power-on and power-off latencies during system-wide PM transitions
(Ulf Hansson).
- Add support for the RockChip DFI controller and the rk3399 DMC to the
devfreq framework (Lin Huang, Axel Lin, Arnd Bergmann).
- Add COMPILE_TEST to the devfreq framework (Krzysztof Kozlowski, Stephen
Rothwell).
- Fix a minor issue in the exynos-ppmu devfreq driver and fix up devfreq
Kconfig indentation style (Wei Yongjun, Jisheng Zhang).
- Fix the system suspend interface to make suspend-to-idle work if platform
suspend operations have not been registered (Sudeep Holla).
- Make it possible to use hibernation with PAGE_POISONING_ZERO enabled
(Anisse Astier).
- Increas the default timeout of the system suspend/resume watchdog and make it
depend on EXPERT (Chen Yu).
- Make the operating performance points (OPP) framework avoid using OPPs that
aren't supported by the platform and fix a build warning in it (Dave Gerlach,
Arnd Bergmann).
- Fix the ARM cpuidle driver's return value (Christophe Jaillet).
- Make the SmartReflex AVS (Adaptive Voltage Scaling) driver use more common
logging style (Joe Perches).
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Merge tag 'pm-4.9-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm
Pull power management updates from Rafael Wysocki:
"Traditionally, cpufreq is the area with the greatest number of
changes, but there are fewer of them than last time. There also is
some activity in the generic power domains and the devfreq frameworks,
a couple of system suspend and hibernation fixes and some assorted
changes in other places.
One new feature is the cpufreq change to allow the scheduler to pass
hints to the governors' utilization update callbacks and some code
rework based on that. Another one is the support for domain removal in
the generic power domains framework. Also it is now possible to use
hibernation with PAGE_POISONING_ZERO enabled and devfreq supports the
RockChip DFI controller and the rk3399 DMC.
The rest of the changes is mostly fixes and cleanups in a number of
places.
Specifics:
- Add a mechanism for passing hints from the scheduler to cpufreq
governors via their utilization update callbacks and use it to
introduce "IOwait boosting" into the schedutil governor and
intel_pstate that will make them boost performance if the enqueued
task was previously waiting on I/O (Rafael Wysocki).
- Fix a schedutil governor problem that causes it to overestimate
utilization if SMT is in use (Steve Muckle).
- Update defconfigs trying to use the schedutil governor as a module
which is not possible any more (Javier Martinez Canillas).
- Update the intel_pstate's pstate_sample tracepoint to take "IOwait
boosting" into account (Srinivas Pandruvada).
- Fix a problem in the cpufreq core causing it to mishandle the
initialization of CPUs registered after the cpufreq driver (Viresh
Kumar, Rafael Wysocki).
- Make the cpufreq-dt driver support per-policy governor tunables,
clean it up and update its Kconfig description (Viresh Kumar).
- Add support for more ARM platforms to the cpufreq-dt driver
(Chanwoo Choi, Dave Gerlach, Geert Uytterhoeven).
- Make the cpufreq CPPC driver report frequencies in KHz to avoid
user space compatiblility issues (Al Stone, Hoan Tran).
- Clean up a few cpufreq drivers (st, kirkwood, SCPI) a bit (Colin
Ian King, Markus Elfring).
- Constify some local structures in the intel_pstate driver (Julia
Lawall).
- Add a Documentation/cpu-freq/ entry to MAINTAINERS (Jean Delvare).
- Add support for PM domain removal to the generic power domains
(genpd) framework, add new DT helper functions to it and make it
always enable debugfs support if available (Jon Hunter, Tomeu
Vizoso).
- Clean up the generic power domains (genpd) framework and make it
avoid measuring power-on and power-off latencies during system-wide
PM transitions (Ulf Hansson).
- Add support for the RockChip DFI controller and the rk3399 DMC to
the devfreq framework (Lin Huang, Axel Lin, Arnd Bergmann).
- Add COMPILE_TEST to the devfreq framework (Krzysztof Kozlowski,
Stephen Rothwell).
- Fix a minor issue in the exynos-ppmu devfreq driver and fix up
devfreq Kconfig indentation style (Wei Yongjun, Jisheng Zhang).
- Fix the system suspend interface to make suspend-to-idle work if
platform suspend operations have not been registered (Sudeep
Holla).
- Make it possible to use hibernation with PAGE_POISONING_ZERO
enabled (Anisse Astier).
- Increas the default timeout of the system suspend/resume watchdog
and make it depend on EXPERT (Chen Yu).
- Make the operating performance points (OPP) framework avoid using
OPPs that aren't supported by the platform and fix a build warning
in it (Dave Gerlach, Arnd Bergmann).
- Fix the ARM cpuidle driver's return value (Christophe Jaillet).
- Make the SmartReflex AVS (Adaptive Voltage Scaling) driver use more
common logging style (Joe Perches)"
* tag 'pm-4.9-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (58 commits)
PM / OPP: Don't support OPP if it provides supported-hw but platform does not
cpufreq: st: add missing \n to end of dev_err message
cpufreq: kirkwood: add missing \n to end of dev_err messages
PM / Domains: Rename pm_genpd_sync_poweron|poweroff()
PM / Domains: Don't measure latency of ->power_on|off() during system PM
PM / Domains: Remove redundant system PM callbacks
PM / Domains: Simplify detaching a device from its genpd
PM / devfreq: rk3399_dmc: Remove explictly regulator_put call in .remove
PM / devfreq: rockchip: add PM_DEVFREQ_EVENT dependency
PM / OPP: avoid maybe-uninitialized warning
PM / Domains: Allow holes in genpd_data.domains array
cpufreq: CPPC: Avoid overflow when calculating desired_perf
cpufreq: ti: Use generic platdev driver
cpufreq: intel_pstate: Add io_boost trace
partial revert of "PM / devfreq: Add COMPILE_TEST for build coverage"
cpufreq: intel_pstate: Use IOWAIT flag in Atom algorithm
cpufreq: schedutil: Add iowait boosting
cpufreq / sched: SCHED_CPUFREQ_IOWAIT flag to indicate iowait condition
PM / Domains: Add support for removing nested PM domains by provider
PM / Domains: Add support for removing PM domains
...
- Support for execute-only page permissions
- Support for hibernate and DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
- Support for heterogeneous systems with mismatches cache line sizes
- Errata workarounds (A53 843419 update and QorIQ A-008585 timer bug)
- arm64 PMU perf updates, including cpumasks for heterogeneous systems
- Set UTS_MACHINE for building rpm packages
- Yet another head.S tidy-up
- Some cleanups and refactoring, particularly in the NUMA code
- Lots of random, non-critical fixes across the board
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Merge tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux
Pull arm64 updates from Will Deacon:
"It's a bit all over the place this time with no "killer feature" to
speak of. Support for mismatched cache line sizes should help people
seeing whacky JIT failures on some SoCs, and the big.LITTLE perf
updates have been a long time coming, but a lot of the changes here
are cleanups.
We stray outside arch/arm64 in a few areas: the arch/arm/ arch_timer
workaround is acked by Russell, the DT/OF bits are acked by Rob, the
arch_timer clocksource changes acked by Marc, CPU hotplug by tglx and
jump_label by Peter (all CC'd).
Summary:
- Support for execute-only page permissions
- Support for hibernate and DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
- Support for heterogeneous systems with mismatches cache line sizes
- Errata workarounds (A53 843419 update and QorIQ A-008585 timer bug)
- arm64 PMU perf updates, including cpumasks for heterogeneous systems
- Set UTS_MACHINE for building rpm packages
- Yet another head.S tidy-up
- Some cleanups and refactoring, particularly in the NUMA code
- Lots of random, non-critical fixes across the board"
* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (100 commits)
arm64: tlbflush.h: add __tlbi() macro
arm64: Kconfig: remove SMP dependence for NUMA
arm64: Kconfig: select OF/ACPI_NUMA under NUMA config
arm64: fix dump_backtrace/unwind_frame with NULL tsk
arm/arm64: arch_timer: Use archdata to indicate vdso suitability
arm64: arch_timer: Work around QorIQ Erratum A-008585
arm64: arch_timer: Add device tree binding for A-008585 erratum
arm64: Correctly bounds check virt_addr_valid
arm64: migrate exception table users off module.h and onto extable.h
arm64: pmu: Hoist pmu platform device name
arm64: pmu: Probe default hw/cache counters
arm64: pmu: add fallback probe table
MAINTAINERS: Update ARM PMU PROFILING AND DEBUGGING entry
arm64: Improve kprobes test for atomic sequence
arm64/kvm: use alternative auto-nop
arm64: use alternative auto-nop
arm64: alternative: add auto-nop infrastructure
arm64: lse: convert lse alternatives NOP padding to use __nops
arm64: barriers: introduce nops and __nops macros for NOP sequences
arm64: sysreg: replace open-coded mrs_s/msr_s with {read,write}_sysreg_s
...
After the call to ->direct_IO the final reference to the file might have
been dropped by aio_complete already, and the call to file_accessed might
cause a use after free.
Instead update the access time before the I/O, similar to how we
update the time stamps before writes.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Antonio reports the following crash when using fuse under memory pressure:
kernel BUG at /build/linux-a2WvEb/linux-4.4.0/mm/workingset.c:346!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
Modules linked in: all of them
CPU: 2 PID: 63 Comm: kswapd0 Not tainted 4.4.0-36-generic #55-Ubuntu
Hardware name: System manufacturer System Product Name/P8H67-M PRO, BIOS 3904 04/27/2013
task: ffff88040cae6040 ti: ffff880407488000 task.ti: ffff880407488000
RIP: shadow_lru_isolate+0x181/0x190
Call Trace:
__list_lru_walk_one.isra.3+0x8f/0x130
list_lru_walk_one+0x23/0x30
scan_shadow_nodes+0x34/0x50
shrink_slab.part.40+0x1ed/0x3d0
shrink_zone+0x2ca/0x2e0
kswapd+0x51e/0x990
kthread+0xd8/0xf0
ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
which corresponds to the following sanity check in the shadow node
tracking:
BUG_ON(node->count & RADIX_TREE_COUNT_MASK);
The workingset code tracks radix tree nodes that exclusively contain
shadow entries of evicted pages in them, and this (somewhat obscure)
line checks whether there are real pages left that would interfere with
reclaim of the radix tree node under memory pressure.
While discussing ways how fuse might sneak pages into the radix tree
past the workingset code, Miklos pointed to replace_page_cache_page(),
and indeed there is a problem there: it properly accounts for the old
page being removed - __delete_from_page_cache() does that - but then
does a raw raw radix_tree_insert(), not accounting for the replacement
page. Eventually the page count bits in node->count underflow while
leaving the node incorrectly linked to the shadow node LRU.
To address this, make sure replace_page_cache_page() uses the tracked
page insertion code, page_cache_tree_insert(). This fixes the page
accounting and makes sure page-containing nodes are properly unlinked
from the shadow node LRU again.
Also, make the sanity checks a bit less obscure by using the helpers for
checking the number of pages and shadows in a radix tree node.
Fixes: 449dd6984d ("mm: keep page cache radix tree nodes in check")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160919155822.29498-1-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: Antonio SJ Musumeci <trapexit@spawn.link>
Debugged-by: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.15+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
9bb627be47 ("mem-hotplug: don't clear the only node in new_node_page()")
prevents allocating from an empty nodemask, but as David points out, it is
still wrong. As node_online_map may include memoryless nodes, only
allocating from these nodes is meaningless.
This patch uses node_states[N_MEMORY] mask to prevent the above case.
Fixes: 9bb627be47 ("mem-hotplug: don't clear the only node in new_node_page()")
Fixes: 394e31d2ce ("mem-hotplug: alloc new page from a nearest neighbor node when mem-offline")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474447117.28370.6.camel@TP420
Signed-off-by: Li Zhong <zhong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Suggested-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: John Allen <jallen@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
I hit the following hung task when runing a OOM LTP test case with 4.1
kernel.
Call trace:
[<ffffffc000086a88>] __switch_to+0x74/0x8c
[<ffffffc000a1bae0>] __schedule+0x23c/0x7bc
[<ffffffc000a1c09c>] schedule+0x3c/0x94
[<ffffffc000a1eb84>] rwsem_down_write_failed+0x214/0x350
[<ffffffc000a1e32c>] down_write+0x64/0x80
[<ffffffc00021f794>] __ksm_exit+0x90/0x19c
[<ffffffc0000be650>] mmput+0x118/0x11c
[<ffffffc0000c3ec4>] do_exit+0x2dc/0xa74
[<ffffffc0000c46f8>] do_group_exit+0x4c/0xe4
[<ffffffc0000d0f34>] get_signal+0x444/0x5e0
[<ffffffc000089fcc>] do_signal+0x1d8/0x450
[<ffffffc00008a35c>] do_notify_resume+0x70/0x78
The oom victim cannot terminate because it needs to take mmap_sem for
write while the lock is held by ksmd for read which loops in the page
allocator
ksm_do_scan
scan_get_next_rmap_item
down_read
get_next_rmap_item
alloc_rmap_item #ksmd will loop permanently.
There is no way forward because the oom victim cannot release any memory
in 4.1 based kernel. Since 4.6 we have the oom reaper which would solve
this problem because it would release the memory asynchronously.
Nevertheless we can relax alloc_rmap_item requirements and use
__GFP_NORETRY because the allocation failure is acceptable as ksm_do_scan
would just retry later after the lock got dropped.
Such a patch would be also easy to backport to older stable kernels which
do not have oom_reaper.
While we are at it add GFP_NOWARN so the admin doesn't have to be alarmed
by the allocation failure.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474165570-44398-1-git-send-email-zhongjiang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: zhong jiang <zhongjiang@huawei.com>
Suggested-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Suggested-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
CURRENT_TIME macro is not appropriate for filesystems as it
doesn't use the right granularity for filesystem timestamps.
Use current_time() instead.
CURRENT_TIME is also not y2038 safe.
This is also in preparation for the patch that transitions
vfs timestamps to use 64 bit time and hence make them
y2038 safe. As part of the effort current_time() will be
extended to do range checks. Hence, it is necessary for all
file system timestamps to use current_time(). Also,
current_time() will be transitioned along with vfs to be
y2038 safe.
Note that whenever a single call to current_time() is used
to change timestamps in different inodes, it is because they
share the same time granularity.
Signed-off-by: Deepa Dinamani <deepa.kernel@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Felipe Balbi <balbi@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Acked-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
The NUMA balancing logic uses an arch-specific PROT_NONE page table flag
defined by pte_protnone() or pmd_protnone() to mark PTEs or huge page
PMDs respectively as requiring balancing upon a subsequent page fault.
User-defined PROT_NONE memory regions which also have this flag set will
not normally invoke the NUMA balancing code as do_page_fault() will send
a segfault to the process before handle_mm_fault() is even called.
However if access_remote_vm() is invoked to access a PROT_NONE region of
memory, handle_mm_fault() is called via faultin_page() and
__get_user_pages() without any access checks being performed, meaning
the NUMA balancing logic is incorrectly invoked on a non-NUMA memory
region.
A simple means of triggering this problem is to access PROT_NONE mmap'd
memory using /proc/self/mem which reliably results in the NUMA handling
functions being invoked when CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING is set.
This issue was reported in bugzilla (issue 99101) which includes some
simple repro code.
There are BUG_ON() checks in do_numa_page() and do_huge_pmd_numa_page()
added at commit c0e7cad to avoid accidentally provoking strange
behaviour by attempting to apply NUMA balancing to pages that are in
fact PROT_NONE. The BUG_ON()'s are consistently triggered by the repro.
This patch moves the PROT_NONE check into mm/memory.c rather than
invoking BUG_ON() as faulting in these pages via faultin_page() is a
valid reason for reaching the NUMA check with the PROT_NONE page table
flag set and is therefore not always a bug.
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=99101
Reported-by: Trevor Saunders <tbsaunde@tbsaunde.org>
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lstoakes@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge VM fixes from High Dickins:
"I get the impression that Andrew is away or busy at the moment, so I'm
going to send you three independent uncontroversial little mm fixes
directly - though none is strictly a 4.8 regression fix.
- shmem: fix tmpfs to handle the huge= option properly from Toshi
Kani is a one-liner to fix a major embarrassment in 4.8's hugepages
on tmpfs feature: although Hillf pointed it out in June, somehow
both Kirill and I repeatedly dropped the ball on this one. You
might wonder if the feature got tested at all with that bug in:
yes, it did, but for wider testing coverage, Kirill and I had each
relied too much on an override which bypasses that condition.
- huge tmpfs: fix Committed_AS leak just a run-of-the-mill accounting
fix in the same feature.
- mm: delete unnecessary and unsafe init_tlb_ubc() is an unrelated
fix to 4.3's TLB flush batching in reclaim: the bug would be rare,
and none of us will be shamed if this one misses 4.8; but it got
such a quick ack from Mel today that I'm inclined to offer it along
with the first two"
* emailed patches from Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>:
mm: delete unnecessary and unsafe init_tlb_ubc()
huge tmpfs: fix Committed_AS leak
shmem: fix tmpfs to handle the huge= option properly
init_tlb_ubc() looked unnecessary to me: tlb_ubc is statically
initialized with zeroes in the init_task, and copied from parent to
child while it is quiescent in arch_dup_task_struct(); so I went to
delete it.
But inserted temporary debug WARN_ONs in place of init_tlb_ubc() to
check that it was always empty at that point, and found them firing:
because memcg reclaim can recurse into global reclaim (when allocating
biosets for swapout in my case), and arrive back at the init_tlb_ubc()
in shrink_node_memcg().
Resetting tlb_ubc.flush_required at that point is wrong: if the upper
level needs a deferred TLB flush, but the lower level turns out not to,
we miss a TLB flush. But fortunately, that's the only part of the
protocol that does not nest: with the initialization removed, cpumask
collects bits from upper and lower levels, and flushes TLB when needed.
Fixes: 72b252aed5 ("mm: send one IPI per CPU to TLB flush all entries after unmapping pages")
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.3+
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Under swapping load on huge tmpfs, /proc/meminfo's Committed_AS grows
bigger and bigger: just a cosmetic issue for most users, but disabling
for those who run without overcommit (/proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory 2).
shmem_uncharge() was forgetting to unaccount __vm_enough_memory's
charge, and shmem_charge() was forgetting it on the filesystem-full
error path.
Fixes: 800d8c63b2 ("shmem: add huge pages support")
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
shmem_get_unmapped_area() checks SHMEM_SB(sb)->huge incorrectly, which
leads to a reversed effect of "huge=" mount option.
Fix the check in shmem_get_unmapped_area().
Note, the default value of SHMEM_SB(sb)->huge remains as
SHMEM_HUGE_NEVER. User will need to specify "huge=" option to enable
huge page mappings.
Reported-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Signed-off-by: Toshi Kani <toshi.kani@hpe.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
inode_change_ok() will be resposible for clearing capabilities and IMA
extended attributes and as such will need dentry. Give it as an argument
to inode_change_ok() instead of an inode. Also rename inode_change_ok()
to setattr_prepare() to better relect that it does also some
modifications in addition to checks.
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
While running a compile on arm64, I hit a memory exposure
usercopy: kernel memory exposure attempt detected from fffffc0000f3b1a8 (buffer_head) (1 bytes)
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at mm/usercopy.c:75!
Internal error: Oops - BUG: 0 [#1] SMP
Modules linked in: ip6t_rpfilter ip6t_REJECT
nf_reject_ipv6 xt_conntrack ip_set nfnetlink ebtable_broute bridge stp
llc ebtable_nat ip6table_security ip6table_raw ip6table_nat
nf_conntrack_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv6 nf_nat_ipv6 ip6table_mangle
iptable_security iptable_raw iptable_nat nf_conntrack_ipv4
nf_defrag_ipv4 nf_nat_ipv4 nf_nat nf_conntrack iptable_mangle
ebtable_filter ebtables ip6table_filter ip6_tables vfat fat xgene_edac
xgene_enet edac_core i2c_xgene_slimpro i2c_core at803x realtek xgene_dma
mdio_xgene gpio_dwapb gpio_xgene_sb xgene_rng mailbox_xgene_slimpro nfsd
auth_rpcgss nfs_acl lockd grace sunrpc xfs libcrc32c sdhci_of_arasan
sdhci_pltfm sdhci mmc_core xhci_plat_hcd gpio_keys
CPU: 0 PID: 19744 Comm: updatedb Tainted: G W 4.8.0-rc3-threadinfo+ #1
Hardware name: AppliedMicro X-Gene Mustang Board/X-Gene Mustang Board, BIOS 3.06.12 Aug 12 2016
task: fffffe03df944c00 task.stack: fffffe00d128c000
PC is at __check_object_size+0x70/0x3f0
LR is at __check_object_size+0x70/0x3f0
...
[<fffffc00082b4280>] __check_object_size+0x70/0x3f0
[<fffffc00082cdc30>] filldir64+0x158/0x1a0
[<fffffc0000f327e8>] __fat_readdir+0x4a0/0x558 [fat]
[<fffffc0000f328d4>] fat_readdir+0x34/0x40 [fat]
[<fffffc00082cd8f8>] iterate_dir+0x190/0x1e0
[<fffffc00082cde58>] SyS_getdents64+0x88/0x120
[<fffffc0008082c70>] el0_svc_naked+0x24/0x28
fffffc0000f3b1a8 is a module address. Modules may have compiled in
strings which could get copied to userspace. In this instance, it
looks like "." which matches with a size of 1 byte. Extend the
is_vmalloc_addr check to be is_vmalloc_or_module_addr to cover
all possible cases.
Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
During cgroup2 rollout into production, we started encountering css
refcount underflows and css access crashes in the memory controller.
Splitting the heavily shared css reference counter into logical users
narrowed the imbalance down to the cgroup2 socket memory accounting.
The problem turns out to be the per-cpu charge cache. Cgroup1 had a
separate socket counter, but the new cgroup2 socket accounting goes
through the common charge path that uses a shared per-cpu cache for all
memory that is being tracked. Those caches are safe against scheduling
preemption, but not against interrupts - such as the newly added packet
receive path. When cache draining is interrupted by network RX taking
pages out of the cache, the resuming drain operation will put references
of in-use pages, thus causing the imbalance.
Disable IRQs during all per-cpu charge cache operations.
Fixes: f7e1cb6ec5 ("mm: memcontrol: account socket memory in unified hierarchy memory controller")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160914194846.11153-1-hannes@cmpxchg.org
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.5+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 62c230bc17 ("mm: add support for a filesystem to activate
swap files and use direct_IO for writing swap pages") replaced the
swap_aops dirty hook from __set_page_dirty_no_writeback() with
swap_set_page_dirty().
For normal cases without these special SWP flags code path falls back to
__set_page_dirty_no_writeback() so the behaviour is expected to be the
same as before.
But swap_set_page_dirty() makes use of the page_swap_info() helper to
get the swap_info_struct to check for the flags like SWP_FILE,
SWP_BLKDEV etc as desired for those features. This helper has
BUG_ON(!PageSwapCache(page)) which is racy and safe only for the
set_page_dirty_lock() path.
For the set_page_dirty() path which is often needed for cases to be
called from irq context, kswapd() can toggle the flag behind the back
while the call is getting executed when system is low on memory and
heavy swapping is ongoing.
This ends up with undesired kernel panic.
This patch just moves the check outside the helper to its users
appropriately to fix kernel panic for the described path. Couple of
users of helpers already take care of SwapCache condition so I skipped
them.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1473460718-31013-1-git-send-email-santosh.shilimkar@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Santosh Shilimkar <santosh.shilimkar@oracle.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.7.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
dump_page() uses page_mapcount() to get mapcount of the page.
page_mapcount() has VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageSlab(page)) as mapcount doesn't
make sense for slab pages and the field in struct page used for other
information.
It leads to recursion if dump_page() called for slub page and DEBUG_VM
is enabled:
dump_page() -> page_mapcount() -> VM_BUG_ON_PAGE() -> dump_page -> ...
Let's avoid calling page_mapcount() for slab pages in dump_page().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160908082137.131076-1-kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, khugepaged does not permit swapin if there are enough young
pages in a THP. The problem is when a THP does not have enough young
pages, khugepaged leaks mapped ptes.
This patch prohibits leaking mapped ptes.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1472820276-7831-1-git-send-email-ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
hugepage_vma_revalidate() tries to re-check if we still should try to
collapse small pages into huge one after the re-acquiring mmap_sem.
The problem Dmitry Vyukov reported[1] is that the vma found by
hugepage_vma_revalidate() can be suitable for huge pages, but not the
same vma we had before dropping mmap_sem. And dereferencing original
vma can lead to fun results..
Let's use vma hugepage_vma_revalidate() found instead of assuming it's the
same as what we had before the lock was dropped.
[1] http://lkml.kernel.org/r/CACT4Y+Z3gigBvhca9kRJFcjX0G70V_nRhbwKBU+yGoESBDKi9Q@mail.gmail.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160907122559.GA6542@black.fi.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <levinsasha928@gmail.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: syzkaller <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 394e31d2ce ("mem-hotplug: alloc new page from a nearest
neighbor node when mem-offline") introduced new_node_page() for memory
hotplug.
In new_node_page(), the nid is cleared before calling
__alloc_pages_nodemask(). But if it is the only node of the system, and
the first round allocation fails, it will not be able to get memory from
an empty nodemask, and will trigger oom.
The patch checks whether it is the last node on the system, and if it
is, then don't clear the nid in the nodemask.
Fixes: 394e31d2ce ("mem-hotplug: alloc new page from a nearest neighbor node when mem-offline")
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1473044391.4250.19.camel@TP420
Signed-off-by: Li Zhong <zhong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reported-by: John Allen <jallen@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now that workqueue can handle work item queueing from very early
during boot, there is no need to gate schedule_delayed_work_on() while
!keventd_up(). Remove it.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Commit:
4d94246699 ("mm: convert p[te|md]_mknonnuma and remaining page table manipulations")
changed NUMA balancing from _PAGE_NUMA to using PROT_NONE, and was quickly
found to introduce a regression with NUMA grouping.
It was followed up by these commits:
53da3bc2ba ("mm: fix up numa read-only thread grouping logic")
bea66fbd11 ("mm: numa: group related processes based on VMA flags instead of page table flags")
b191f9b106 ("mm: numa: preserve PTE write permissions across a NUMA hinting fault")
The first of those two commits try alternate approaches to NUMA
grouping, which apparently do not work as well as looking at the PTE
write permissions.
The latter patch preserves the PTE write permissions across a NUMA
protection fault. However, it forgets to revert the condition for
whether or not to group tasks together back to what it was before
v3.19, even though the information is now preserved in the page tables
once again.
This patch brings the NUMA grouping heuristic back to what it was
before commit 4d94246699, which the changelogs of subsequent
commits suggest worked best.
We have all the information again. We should probably use it.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: aarcange@redhat.com
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: mgorman@suse.de
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160908213053.07c992a9@annuminas.surriel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
PAGE_POISONING_ZERO disables zeroing new pages on alloc, they are
poisoned (zeroed) as they become available.
In the hibernate use case, free pages will appear in the system without
being cleared, left there by the loading kernel.
This patch will make sure free pages are cleared on resume when
PAGE_POISONING_ZERO is enabled. We free the pages just after resume
because we can't do it later: going through any device resume code might
allocate some memory and invalidate the free pages bitmap.
Thus we don't need to disable hibernation when PAGE_POISONING_ZERO is
enabled.
Signed-off-by: Anisse Astier <anisse@astier.eu>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
Pull libnvdimm fixes from Dan Williams:
"nvdimm fixes for v4.8, two of them are tagged for -stable:
- Fix devm_memremap_pages() to use track_pfn_insert(). Otherwise,
DAX pmd mappings end up with an uncached pgprot, and unusable
performance for the device-dax interface. The device-dax interface
appeared in 4.7 so this is tagged for -stable.
- Fix a couple VM_BUG_ON() checks in the show_smaps() path to
understand DAX pmd entries. This fix is tagged for -stable.
- Fix a mis-merge of the nfit machine-check handler to flip the
polarity of an if() to match the final version of the patch that
Vishal sent for 4.8-rc1. Without this the nfit machine check
handler never detects / inserts new 'badblocks' entries which
applications use to identify lost portions of files.
- For test purposes, fix the nvdimm_clear_poison() path to operate on
legacy / simulated nvdimm memory ranges. Without this fix a test
can set badblocks, but never clear them on these ranges.
- Fix the range checking done by dax_dev_pmd_fault(). This is not
tagged for -stable since this problem is mitigated by specifying
aligned resources at device-dax setup time.
These patches have appeared in a next release over the past week. The
recent rebase you can see in the timestamps was to drop an invalid fix
as identified by the updated device-dax unit tests [1]. The -mm
touches have an ack from Andrew"
[1]: "[ndctl PATCH 0/3] device-dax test for recent kernel bugs"
https://lists.01.org/pipermail/linux-nvdimm/2016-September/006855.html
* 'libnvdimm-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm:
libnvdimm: allow legacy (e820) pmem region to clear bad blocks
nfit, mce: Fix SPA matching logic in MCE handler
mm: fix cache mode of dax pmd mappings
mm: fix show_smap() for zone_device-pmd ranges
dax: fix mapping size check
Attempting to dump /proc/<pid>/smaps for a process with pmd dax mappings
currently results in the following VM_BUG_ONs:
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1105!
task: ffff88045f16b140 task.stack: ffff88045be14000
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff81268f9b>] [<ffffffff81268f9b>] follow_trans_huge_pmd+0x2cb/0x340
[..]
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff81306030>] smaps_pte_range+0xa0/0x4b0
[<ffffffff814c2755>] ? vsnprintf+0x255/0x4c0
[<ffffffff8123c46e>] __walk_page_range+0x1fe/0x4d0
[<ffffffff8123c8a2>] walk_page_vma+0x62/0x80
[<ffffffff81307656>] show_smap+0xa6/0x2b0
kernel BUG at fs/proc/task_mmu.c:585!
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff81306469>] [<ffffffff81306469>] smaps_pte_range+0x499/0x4b0
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff814c2795>] ? vsnprintf+0x255/0x4c0
[<ffffffff8123c46e>] __walk_page_range+0x1fe/0x4d0
[<ffffffff8123c8a2>] walk_page_vma+0x62/0x80
[<ffffffff81307696>] show_smap+0xa6/0x2b0
These locations are sanity checking page flags that must be set for an
anonymous transparent huge page, but are not set for the zone_device
pages associated with dax mappings.
Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
This patch adds two new system calls:
int pkey_alloc(unsigned long flags, unsigned long init_access_rights)
int pkey_free(int pkey);
These implement an "allocator" for the protection keys
themselves, which can be thought of as analogous to the allocator
that the kernel has for file descriptors. The kernel tracks
which numbers are in use, and only allows operations on keys that
are valid. A key which was not obtained by pkey_alloc() may not,
for instance, be passed to pkey_mprotect().
These system calls are also very important given the kernel's use
of pkeys to implement execute-only support. These help ensure
that userspace can never assume that it has control of a key
unless it first asks the kernel. The kernel does not promise to
preserve PKRU (right register) contents except for allocated
pkeys.
The 'init_access_rights' argument to pkey_alloc() specifies the
rights that will be established for the returned pkey. For
instance:
pkey = pkey_alloc(flags, PKEY_DENY_WRITE);
will allocate 'pkey', but also sets the bits in PKRU[1] such that
writing to 'pkey' is already denied.
The kernel does not prevent pkey_free() from successfully freeing
in-use pkeys (those still assigned to a memory range by
pkey_mprotect()). It would be expensive to implement the checks
for this, so we instead say, "Just don't do it" since sane
software will never do it anyway.
Any piece of userspace calling pkey_alloc() needs to be prepared
for it to fail. Why? pkey_alloc() returns the same error code
(ENOSPC) when there are no pkeys and when pkeys are unsupported.
They can be unsupported for a whole host of reasons, so apps must
be prepared for this. Also, libraries or LD_PRELOADs might steal
keys before an application gets access to them.
This allocation mechanism could be implemented in userspace.
Even if we did it in userspace, we would still need additional
user/kernel interfaces to tell userspace which keys are being
used by the kernel internally (such as for execute-only
mappings). Having the kernel provide this facility completely
removes the need for these additional interfaces, or having an
implementation of this in userspace at all.
Note that we have to make changes to all of the architectures
that do not use mman-common.h because we use the new
PKEY_DENY_ACCESS/WRITE macros in arch-independent code.
1. PKRU is the Protection Key Rights User register. It is a
usermode-accessible register that controls whether writes
and/or access to each individual pkey is allowed or denied.
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
Cc: arnd@arndb.de
Cc: linux-api@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: luto@kernel.org
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: torvalds@linux-foundation.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160729163015.444FE75F@viggo.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Today, mprotect() takes 4 bits of data: PROT_READ/WRITE/EXEC/NONE.
Three of those bits: READ/WRITE/EXEC get translated directly in to
vma->vm_flags by calc_vm_prot_bits(). If a bit is unset in
mprotect()'s 'prot' argument then it must be cleared in vma->vm_flags
during the mprotect() call.
We do this clearing today by first calculating the VMA flags we
want set, then clearing the ones we do not want to inherit from
the original VMA:
vm_flags = calc_vm_prot_bits(prot, key);
...
newflags = vm_flags;
newflags |= (vma->vm_flags & ~(VM_READ | VM_WRITE | VM_EXEC));
However, we *also* want to mask off the original VMA's vm_flags in
which we store the protection key.
To do that, this patch adds a new macro:
ARCH_VM_PKEY_FLAGS
which allows the architecture to specify additional bits that it would
like cleared. We use that to ensure that the VM_PKEY_BIT* bits get
cleared.
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
Cc: arnd@arndb.de
Cc: linux-api@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: luto@kernel.org
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: torvalds@linux-foundation.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160729163013.E48D6981@viggo.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
pkey_mprotect() is just like mprotect, except it also takes a
protection key as an argument. On systems that do not support
protection keys, it still works, but requires that key=0.
Otherwise it does exactly what mprotect does.
I expect it to get used like this, if you want to guarantee that
any mapping you create can *never* be accessed without the right
protection keys set up.
int real_prot = PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
pkey = pkey_alloc(0, PKEY_DENY_ACCESS);
ptr = mmap(NULL, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_NONE, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
ret = pkey_mprotect(ptr, PAGE_SIZE, real_prot, pkey);
This way, there is *no* window where the mapping is accessible
since it was always either PROT_NONE or had a protection key set
that denied all access.
We settled on 'unsigned long' for the type of the key here. We
only need 4 bits on x86 today, but I figured that other
architectures might need some more space.
Semantically, we have a bit of a problem if we combine this
syscall with our previously-introduced execute-only support:
What do we do when we mix execute-only pkey use with
pkey_mprotect() use? For instance:
pkey_mprotect(ptr, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_WRITE, 6); // set pkey=6
mprotect(ptr, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_EXEC); // set pkey=X_ONLY_PKEY?
mprotect(ptr, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_WRITE); // is pkey=6 again?
To solve that, we make the plain-mprotect()-initiated execute-only
support only apply to VMAs that have the default protection key (0)
set on them.
Proposed semantics:
1. protection key 0 is special and represents the default,
"unassigned" protection key. It is always allocated.
2. mprotect() never affects a mapping's pkey_mprotect()-assigned
protection key. A protection key of 0 (even if set explicitly)
represents an unassigned protection key.
2a. mprotect(PROT_EXEC) on a mapping with an assigned protection
key may or may not result in a mapping with execute-only
properties. pkey_mprotect() plus pkey_set() on all threads
should be used to _guarantee_ execute-only semantics if this
is not a strong enough semantic.
3. mprotect(PROT_EXEC) may result in an "execute-only" mapping. The
kernel will internally attempt to allocate and dedicate a
protection key for the purpose of execute-only mappings. This
may not be possible in cases where there are no free protection
keys available. It can also happen, of course, in situations
where there is no hardware support for protection keys.
Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@sr71.net>
Cc: arnd@arndb.de
Cc: linux-api@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: luto@kernel.org
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: torvalds@linux-foundation.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160729163012.3DDD36C4@viggo.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
A custom allocator without __GFP_COMP that copies to userspace has been
found in vmw_execbuf_process[1], so this disables the page-span checker
by placing it behind a CONFIG for future work where such things can be
tracked down later.
[1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1373326
Reported-by: Vinson Lee <vlee@freedesktop.org>
Fixes: f5509cc18d ("mm: Hardened usercopy")
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
