Commit Graph

269 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Linus Torvalds
6bec003528 Merge branch 'for-3.20/bdi' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block
Pull backing device changes from Jens Axboe:
 "This contains a cleanup of how the backing device is handled, in
  preparation for a rework of the life time rules.  In this part, the
  most important change is to split the unrelated nommu mmap flags from
  it, but also removing a backing_dev_info pointer from the
  address_space (and inode), and a cleanup of other various minor bits.

  Christoph did all the work here, I just fixed an oops with pages that
  have a swap backing.  Arnd fixed a missing export, and Oleg killed the
  lustre backing_dev_info from staging.  Last patch was from Al,
  unexporting parts that are now no longer needed outside"

* 'for-3.20/bdi' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block:
  Make super_blocks and sb_lock static
  mtd: export new mtd_mmap_capabilities
  fs: make inode_to_bdi() handle NULL inode
  staging/lustre/llite: get rid of backing_dev_info
  fs: remove default_backing_dev_info
  fs: don't reassign dirty inodes to default_backing_dev_info
  nfs: don't call bdi_unregister
  ceph: remove call to bdi_unregister
  fs: remove mapping->backing_dev_info
  fs: export inode_to_bdi and use it in favor of mapping->backing_dev_info
  nilfs2: set up s_bdi like the generic mount_bdev code
  block_dev: get bdev inode bdi directly from the block device
  block_dev: only write bdev inode on close
  fs: introduce f_op->mmap_capabilities for nommu mmap support
  fs: kill BDI_CAP_SWAP_BACKED
  fs: deduplicate noop_backing_dev_info
2015-02-12 13:50:21 -08:00
Konstantin Khebnikov
8d38633c3b page_writeback: put account_page_redirty() after set_page_dirty()
Helper account_page_redirty() fixes dirty pages counter for redirtied
pages.  This patch puts it after dirtying and prevents temporary
underflows of dirtied pages counters on zone/bdi and current->nr_dirtied.

Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khebnikov <khlebnikov@yandex-team.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11 17:06:04 -08:00
Johannes Weiner
6de226191d mm: memcontrol: track move_lock state internally
The complexity of memcg page stat synchronization is currently leaking
into the callsites, forcing them to keep track of the move_lock state and
the IRQ flags.  Simplify the API by tracking it in the memcg.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-02-11 17:06:00 -08:00
Christoph Hellwig
de1414a654 fs: export inode_to_bdi and use it in favor of mapping->backing_dev_info
Now that we got rid of the bdi abuse on character devices we can always use
sb->s_bdi to get at the backing_dev_info for a file, except for the block
device special case.  Export inode_to_bdi and replace uses of
mapping->backing_dev_info with it to prepare for the removal of
mapping->backing_dev_info.

Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2015-01-20 14:03:04 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
2d6d7f9828 mm: protect set_page_dirty() from ongoing truncation
Tejun, while reviewing the code, spotted the following race condition
between the dirtying and truncation of a page:

__set_page_dirty_nobuffers()       __delete_from_page_cache()
  if (TestSetPageDirty(page))
                                     page->mapping = NULL
				     if (PageDirty())
				       dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_FILE_DIRTY);
				       dec_bdi_stat(mapping->backing_dev_info, BDI_RECLAIMABLE);
    if (page->mapping)
      account_page_dirtied(page)
        __inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_FILE_DIRTY);
	__inc_bdi_stat(mapping->backing_dev_info, BDI_RECLAIMABLE);

which results in an imbalance of NR_FILE_DIRTY and BDI_RECLAIMABLE.

Dirtiers usually lock out truncation, either by holding the page lock
directly, or in case of zap_pte_range(), by pinning the mapcount with
the page table lock held.  The notable exception to this rule, though,
is do_wp_page(), for which this race exists.  However, do_wp_page()
already waits for a locked page to unlock before setting the dirty bit,
in order to prevent a race where clear_page_dirty() misses the page bit
in the presence of dirty ptes.  Upgrade that wait to a fully locked
set_page_dirty() to also cover the situation explained above.

Afterwards, the code in set_page_dirty() dealing with a truncation race
is no longer needed.  Remove it.

Reported-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-01-08 15:10:51 -08:00
Michal Hocko
e4bd6a0248 mm, memcg: fix potential undefined behaviour in page stat accounting
Since commit d7365e783e ("mm: memcontrol: fix missed end-writeback
page accounting") mem_cgroup_end_page_stat consumes locked and flags
variables directly rather than via pointers which might trigger C
undefined behavior as those variables are initialized only in the slow
path of mem_cgroup_begin_page_stat.

Although mem_cgroup_end_page_stat handles parameters correctly and
touches them only when they hold a sensible value it is caller which
loads a potentially uninitialized value which then might allow compiler
to do crazy things.

I haven't seen any warning from gcc and it seems that the current
version (4.9) doesn't exploit this type undefined behavior but Sasha has
reported the following:

  UBSan: Undefined behaviour in mm/rmap.c:1084:2
  load of value 255 is not a valid value for type '_Bool'
  CPU: 4 PID: 8304 Comm: rngd Not tainted 3.18.0-rc2-next-20141029-sasha-00039-g77ed13d-dirty #1427
  Call Trace:
    dump_stack (lib/dump_stack.c:52)
    ubsan_epilogue (lib/ubsan.c:159)
    __ubsan_handle_load_invalid_value (lib/ubsan.c:482)
    page_remove_rmap (mm/rmap.c:1084 mm/rmap.c:1096)
    unmap_page_range (./arch/x86/include/asm/atomic.h:27 include/linux/mm.h:463 mm/memory.c:1146 mm/memory.c:1258 mm/memory.c:1279 mm/memory.c:1303)
    unmap_single_vma (mm/memory.c:1348)
    unmap_vmas (mm/memory.c:1377 (discriminator 3))
    exit_mmap (mm/mmap.c:2837)
    mmput (kernel/fork.c:659)
    do_exit (./arch/x86/include/asm/thread_info.h:168 kernel/exit.c:462 kernel/exit.c:747)
    do_group_exit (include/linux/sched.h:775 kernel/exit.c:873)
    SyS_exit_group (kernel/exit.c:901)
    tracesys_phase2 (arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S:529)

Fix this by using pointer parameters for both locked and flags and be
more robust for future compiler changes even though the current code is
implemented correctly.

Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-12-10 17:41:08 -08:00
Johannes Weiner
d7365e783e mm: memcontrol: fix missed end-writeback page accounting
Commit 0a31bc97c8 ("mm: memcontrol: rewrite uncharge API") changed
page migration to uncharge the old page right away.  The page is locked,
unmapped, truncated, and off the LRU, but it could race with writeback
ending, which then doesn't unaccount the page properly:

test_clear_page_writeback()              migration
                                           wait_on_page_writeback()
  TestClearPageWriteback()
                                           mem_cgroup_migrate()
                                             clear PCG_USED
  mem_cgroup_update_page_stat()
    if (PageCgroupUsed(pc))
      decrease memcg pages under writeback

  release pc->mem_cgroup->move_lock

The per-page statistics interface is heavily optimized to avoid a
function call and a lookup_page_cgroup() in the file unmap fast path,
which means it doesn't verify whether a page is still charged before
clearing PageWriteback() and it has to do it in the stat update later.

Rework it so that it looks up the page's memcg once at the beginning of
the transaction and then uses it throughout.  The charge will be
verified before clearing PageWriteback() and migration can't uncharge
the page as long as that is still set.  The RCU lock will protect the
memcg past uncharge.

As far as losing the optimization goes, the following test results are
from a microbenchmark that maps, faults, and unmaps a 4GB sparse file
three times in a nested fashion, so that there are two negative passes
that don't account but still go through the new transaction overhead.
There is no actual difference:

 old:     33.195102545 seconds time elapsed       ( +-  0.01% )
 new:     33.199231369 seconds time elapsed       ( +-  0.03% )

The time spent in page_remove_rmap()'s callees still adds up to the
same, but the time spent in the function itself seems reduced:

     # Children      Self  Command        Shared Object       Symbol
 old:     0.12%     0.11%  filemapstress  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] page_remove_rmap
 new:     0.12%     0.08%  filemapstress  [kernel.kallsyms]   [k] page_remove_rmap

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[3.17.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-29 16:33:15 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
3a3c02ecf7 mm: page-writeback: inline account_page_dirtied() into single caller
A follow-up patch would have changed the call signature.  To save the
trouble, just fold it instead.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@parallels.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[3.17.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-29 16:33:14 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
c798360cd1 Merge branch 'for-3.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu
Pull percpu updates from Tejun Heo:
 "A lot of activities on percpu front.  Notable changes are...

   - percpu allocator now can take @gfp.  If @gfp doesn't contain
     GFP_KERNEL, it tries to allocate from what's already available to
     the allocator and a work item tries to keep the reserve around
     certain level so that these atomic allocations usually succeed.

     This will replace the ad-hoc percpu memory pool used by
     blk-throttle and also be used by the planned blkcg support for
     writeback IOs.

     Please note that I noticed a bug in how @gfp is interpreted while
     preparing this pull request and applied the fix 6ae833c7fe
     ("percpu: fix how @gfp is interpreted by the percpu allocator")
     just now.

   - percpu_ref now uses longs for percpu and global counters instead of
     ints.  It leads to more sparse packing of the percpu counters on
     64bit machines but the overhead should be negligible and this
     allows using percpu_ref for refcnting pages and in-memory objects
     directly.

   - The switching between percpu and single counter modes of a
     percpu_ref is made independent of putting the base ref and a
     percpu_ref can now optionally be initialized in single or killed
     mode.  This allows avoiding percpu shutdown latency for cases where
     the refcounted objects may be synchronously created and destroyed
     in rapid succession with only a fraction of them reaching fully
     operational status (SCSI probing does this when combined with
     blk-mq support).  It's also planned to be used to implement forced
     single mode to detect underflow more timely for debugging.

  There's a separate branch percpu/for-3.18-consistent-ops which cleans
  up the duplicate percpu accessors.  That branch causes a number of
  conflicts with s390 and other trees.  I'll send a separate pull
  request w/ resolutions once other branches are merged"

* 'for-3.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/percpu: (33 commits)
  percpu: fix how @gfp is interpreted by the percpu allocator
  blk-mq, percpu_ref: start q->mq_usage_counter in atomic mode
  percpu_ref: make INIT_ATOMIC and switch_to_atomic() sticky
  percpu_ref: add PERCPU_REF_INIT_* flags
  percpu_ref: decouple switching to percpu mode and reinit
  percpu_ref: decouple switching to atomic mode and killing
  percpu_ref: add PCPU_REF_DEAD
  percpu_ref: rename things to prepare for decoupling percpu/atomic mode switch
  percpu_ref: replace pcpu_ prefix with percpu_
  percpu_ref: minor code and comment updates
  percpu_ref: relocate percpu_ref_reinit()
  Revert "blk-mq, percpu_ref: implement a kludge for SCSI blk-mq stall during probe"
  Revert "percpu: free percpu allocation info for uniprocessor system"
  percpu-refcount: make percpu_ref based on longs instead of ints
  percpu-refcount: improve WARN messages
  percpu: fix locking regression in the failure path of pcpu_alloc()
  percpu-refcount: add @gfp to percpu_ref_init()
  proportions: add @gfp to init functions
  percpu_counter: add @gfp to percpu_counter_init()
  percpu_counter: make percpu_counters_lock irq-safe
  ...
2014-10-10 07:26:02 -04:00
Mark Rustad
7c809968ff mm/page-writeback.c: use min3/max3 macros to avoid shadow warnings
Nested calls to min/max functions result in shadow warnings in W=2 builds.
 Avoid the warning by using the min3 and max3 macros to get the min/max of
3 values instead of nested calls.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rustad <mark.d.rustad@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Kirsher <jeffrey.t.kirsher@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-09 22:25:57 -04:00
Tejun Heo
20ae00792c proportions: add @gfp to init functions
Percpu allocator now supports allocation mask.  Add @gfp to
[flex_]proportions init functions so that !GFP_KERNEL allocation masks
can be used with them too.

This patch doesn't make any functional difference.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
2014-09-08 09:51:30 +09:00
David Rientjes
9ef0a0ffa2 mm, writeback: prevent race when calculating dirty limits
Setting vm_dirty_bytes and dirty_background_bytes is not protected by
any serialization.

Therefore, it's possible for either variable to change value after the
test in global_dirty_limits() to determine whether available_memory
needs to be initialized or not.

Always ensure that available_memory is properly initialized.

Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-06 18:01:21 -07:00
Maxim Patlasov
f6789593d5 mm/page-writeback.c: fix divide by zero in bdi_dirty_limits()
Under memory pressure, it is possible for dirty_thresh, calculated by
global_dirty_limits() in balance_dirty_pages(), to equal zero.  Then, if
strictlimit is true, bdi_dirty_limits() tries to resolve the proportion:

  bdi_bg_thresh : bdi_thresh = background_thresh : dirty_thresh

by dividing by zero.

Signed-off-by: Maxim Patlasov <mpatlasov@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-07-30 17:16:13 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
f8409abdc5 Clean ups and miscellaneous bug fixes, in particular for the new
collapse_range and zero_range fallocate functions.  In addition,
 improve the scalability of adding and remove inodes from the orphan
 list.
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Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4

Pull ext4 updates from Ted Ts'o:
 "Clean ups and miscellaneous bug fixes, in particular for the new
  collapse_range and zero_range fallocate functions.  In addition,
  improve the scalability of adding and remove inodes from the orphan
  list"

* tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (25 commits)
  ext4: handle symlink properly with inline_data
  ext4: fix wrong assert in ext4_mb_normalize_request()
  ext4: fix zeroing of page during writeback
  ext4: remove unused local variable "stored" from ext4_readdir(...)
  ext4: fix ZERO_RANGE test failure in data journalling
  ext4: reduce contention on s_orphan_lock
  ext4: use sbi in ext4_orphan_{add|del}()
  ext4: use EXT_MAX_BLOCKS in ext4_es_can_be_merged()
  ext4: add missing BUFFER_TRACE before ext4_journal_get_write_access
  ext4: remove unnecessary double parentheses
  ext4: do not destroy ext4_groupinfo_caches if ext4_mb_init() fails
  ext4: make local functions static
  ext4: fix block bitmap validation when bigalloc, ^flex_bg
  ext4: fix block bitmap initialization under sparse_super2
  ext4: find the group descriptors on a 1k-block bigalloc,meta_bg filesystem
  ext4: avoid unneeded lookup when xattr name is invalid
  ext4: fix data integrity sync in ordered mode
  ext4: remove obsoleted check
  ext4: add a new spinlock i_raw_lock to protect the ext4's raw inode
  ext4: fix locking for O_APPEND writes
  ...
2014-06-08 13:03:35 -07:00
Joe Perches
cccad5b983 mm: convert use of typedef ctl_table to struct ctl_table
This typedef is unnecessary and should just be removed.

Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-06 16:08:16 -07:00
Jianyu Zhan
d2f3102838 mm/page-writeback.c: remove outdated comment
There is an orphaned prehistoric comment , which used to be against
get_dirty_limits(), the dawn of global_dirtyable_memory().

Back then, the implementation of get_dirty_limits() is complicated and
full of magic numbers, so this comment is necessary.  But we now use the
clear and neat global_dirtyable_memory(), which renders this comment
ambiguous and useless.  Remove it.

Signed-off-by: Jianyu Zhan <nasa4836@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-04 16:54:13 -07:00
Christoph Lameter
7c8e0181e6 mm: replace __get_cpu_var uses with this_cpu_ptr
Replace places where __get_cpu_var() is used for an address calculation
with this_cpu_ptr().

Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-06-04 16:54:03 -07:00
Namjae Jeon
1c8349a171 ext4: fix data integrity sync in ordered mode
When we perform a data integrity sync we tag all the dirty pages with
PAGECACHE_TAG_TOWRITE at start of ext4_da_writepages.  Later we check
for this tag in write_cache_pages_da and creates a struct
mpage_da_data containing contiguously indexed pages tagged with this
tag and sync these pages with a call to mpage_da_map_and_submit.  This
process is done in while loop until all the PAGECACHE_TAG_TOWRITE
pages are synced. We also do journal start and stop in each iteration.
journal_stop could initiate journal commit which would call
ext4_writepage which in turn will call ext4_bio_write_page even for
delayed OR unwritten buffers. When ext4_bio_write_page is called for
such buffers, even though it does not sync them but it clears the
PAGECACHE_TAG_TOWRITE of the corresponding page and hence these pages
are also not synced by the currently running data integrity sync. We
will end up with dirty pages although sync is completed.

This could cause a potential data loss when the sync call is followed
by a truncate_pagecache call, which is exactly the case in
collapse_range.  (It will cause generic/127 failure in xfstests)

To avoid this issue, we can use set_page_writeback_keepwrite instead of
set_page_writeback, which doesn't clear TOWRITE tag.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <namjae.jeon@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Ashish Sangwan <a.sangwan@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
2014-05-12 08:12:25 -04:00
Rik van Riel
d5c9fde3da mm/page-writeback.c: fix divide by zero in pos_ratio_polynom
It is possible for "limit - setpoint + 1" to equal zero, after getting
truncated to a 32 bit variable, and resulting in a divide by zero error.

Using the fully 64 bit divide functions avoids this problem.  It also
will cause pos_ratio_polynom() to return the correct value when
(setpoint - limit) exceeds 2^32.

Also uninline pos_ratio_polynom, at Andrew's request.

Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Luiz Capitulino <lcapitulino@redhat.com>
Cc: Masayoshi Mizuma <m.mizuma@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-05-06 13:04:58 -07:00
Miklos Szeredi
ed6d7c8e57 mm: remove unused arg of set_page_dirty_balance()
There's only one caller of set_page_dirty_balance() and that will call it
with page_mkwrite == 0.

The page_mkwrite argument was unused since commit b827e496c8 "mm: close
page_mkwrite races".

Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-04-07 16:35:57 -07:00
KOSAKI Motohiro
a85d9df1ea mm: __set_page_dirty_nobuffers() uses spin_lock_irqsave() instead of spin_lock_irq()
During aio stress test, we observed the following lockdep warning.  This
mean AIO+numa_balancing is currently deadlockable.

The problem is, aio_migratepage disable interrupt, but
__set_page_dirty_nobuffers unintentionally enable it again.

Generally, all helper function should use spin_lock_irqsave() instead of
spin_lock_irq() because they don't know caller at all.

   other info that might help us debug this:
    Possible unsafe locking scenario:

          CPU0
          ----
     lock(&(&ctx->completion_lock)->rlock);
     <Interrupt>
       lock(&(&ctx->completion_lock)->rlock);

    *** DEADLOCK ***

      dump_stack+0x19/0x1b
      print_usage_bug+0x1f7/0x208
      mark_lock+0x21d/0x2a0
      mark_held_locks+0xb9/0x140
      trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0x105/0x1d0
      trace_hardirqs_on+0xd/0x10
      _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x2c/0x50
      __set_page_dirty_nobuffers+0x8c/0xf0
      migrate_page_copy+0x434/0x540
      aio_migratepage+0xb1/0x140
      move_to_new_page+0x7d/0x230
      migrate_pages+0x5e5/0x700
      migrate_misplaced_page+0xbc/0xf0
      do_numa_page+0x102/0x190
      handle_pte_fault+0x241/0x970
      handle_mm_fault+0x265/0x370
      __do_page_fault+0x172/0x5a0
      do_page_fault+0x1a/0x70
      page_fault+0x28/0x30

Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-02-06 13:48:51 -08:00
Johannes Weiner
a1c3bfb2f6 mm/page-writeback.c: do not count anon pages as dirtyable memory
The VM is currently heavily tuned to avoid swapping.  Whether that is
good or bad is a separate discussion, but as long as the VM won't swap
to make room for dirty cache, we can not consider anonymous pages when
calculating the amount of dirtyable memory, the baseline to which
dirty_background_ratio and dirty_ratio are applied.

A simple workload that occupies a significant size (40+%, depending on
memory layout, storage speeds etc.) of memory with anon/tmpfs pages and
uses the remainder for a streaming writer demonstrates this problem.  In
that case, the actual cache pages are a small fraction of what is
considered dirtyable overall, which results in an relatively large
portion of the cache pages to be dirtied.  As kswapd starts rotating
these, random tasks enter direct reclaim and stall on IO.

Only consider free pages and file pages dirtyable.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-01-29 16:22:39 -08:00
Johannes Weiner
a804552b9a mm/page-writeback.c: fix dirty_balance_reserve subtraction from dirtyable memory
Tejun reported stuttering and latency spikes on a system where random
tasks would enter direct reclaim and get stuck on dirty pages.  Around
50% of memory was occupied by tmpfs backed by an SSD, and another disk
(rotating) was reading and writing at max speed to shrink a partition.

: The problem was pretty ridiculous.  It's a 8gig machine w/ one ssd and 10k
: rpm harddrive and I could reliably reproduce constant stuttering every
: several seconds for as long as buffered IO was going on on the hard drive
: either with tmpfs occupying somewhere above 4gig or a test program which
: allocates about the same amount of anon memory.  Although swap usage was
: zero, turning off swap also made the problem go away too.
:
: The trigger conditions seem quite plausible - high anon memory usage w/
: heavy buffered IO and swap configured - and it's highly likely that this
: is happening in the wild too.  (this can happen with copying large files
: to usb sticks too, right?)

This patch (of 2):

The dirty_balance_reserve is an approximation of the fraction of free
pages that the page allocator does not make available for page cache
allocations.  As a result, it has to be taken into account when
calculating the amount of "dirtyable memory", the baseline to which
dirty_background_ratio and dirty_ratio are applied.

However, currently the reserve is subtracted from the sum of free and
reclaimable pages, which is non-sensical and leads to erroneous results
when the system is dominated by unreclaimable pages and the
dirty_balance_reserve is bigger than free+reclaimable.  In that case, at
least the already allocated cache should be considered dirtyable.

Fix the calculation by subtracting the reserve from the amount of free
pages, then adding the reclaimable pages on top.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix CONFIG_HIGHMEM build]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reported-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-01-29 16:22:39 -08:00
Fengguang Wu
e3b6c655b9 writeback: fix negative bdi max pause
Toralf runs trinity on UML/i386.  After some time it hangs and the last
message line is

	BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 22s! [trinity-child0:1521]

It's found that pages_dirtied becomes very large.  More than 1000000000
pages in this case:

	period = HZ * pages_dirtied / task_ratelimit;
	BUG_ON(pages_dirtied > 2000000000);
	BUG_ON(pages_dirtied > 1000000000);      <---------

UML debug printf shows that we got negative pause here:

	ick: pause : -984
	ick: pages_dirtied : 0
	ick: task_ratelimit: 0

	 pause:
	+       if (pause < 0)  {
	+               extern int printf(char *, ...);
	+               printf("ick : pause : %li\n", pause);
	+               printf("ick: pages_dirtied : %lu\n", pages_dirtied);
	+               printf("ick: task_ratelimit: %lu\n", task_ratelimit);
	+               BUG_ON(1);
	+       }
	        trace_balance_dirty_pages(bdi,

Since pause is bounded by [min_pause, max_pause] where min_pause is also
bounded by max_pause.  It's suspected and demonstrated that the
max_pause calculation goes wrong:

	ick: pause : -717
	ick: min_pause : -177
	ick: max_pause : -717
	ick: pages_dirtied : 14
	ick: task_ratelimit: 0

The problem lies in the two "long = unsigned long" assignments in
bdi_max_pause() which might go negative if the highest bit is 1, and the
min_t(long, ...) check failed to protect it falling under 0.  Fix all of
them by using "unsigned long" throughout the function.

Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Reported-by: Toralf Förster <toralf.foerster@gmx.de>
Tested-by: Toralf Förster <toralf.foerster@gmx.de>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-10-16 21:35:53 -07:00
Sha Zhengju
3ea67d06e4 memcg: add per cgroup writeback pages accounting
Add memcg routines to count writeback pages, later dirty pages will also
be accounted.

After Kame's commit 89c06bd52f ("memcg: use new logic for page stat
accounting"), we can use 'struct page' flag to test page state instead
of per page_cgroup flag.  But memcg has a feature to move a page from a
cgroup to another one and may have race between "move" and "page stat
accounting".  So in order to avoid the race we have designed a new lock:

         mem_cgroup_begin_update_page_stat()
         modify page information        -->(a)
         mem_cgroup_update_page_stat()  -->(b)
         mem_cgroup_end_update_page_stat()

It requires both (a) and (b)(writeback pages accounting) to be pretected
in mem_cgroup_{begin/end}_update_page_stat().  It's full no-op for
!CONFIG_MEMCG, almost no-op if memcg is disabled (but compiled in), rcu
read lock in the most cases (no task is moving), and spin_lock_irqsave
on top in the slow path.

There're two writeback interfaces to modify: test_{clear/set}_page_writeback().
And the lock order is:
	--> memcg->move_lock
	  --> mapping->tree_lock

Signed-off-by: Sha Zhengju <handai.szj@taobao.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-12 15:38:02 -07:00
Maxim Patlasov
5a53748568 mm/page-writeback.c: add strictlimit feature
The feature prevents mistrusted filesystems (ie: FUSE mounts created by
unprivileged users) to grow a large number of dirty pages before
throttling.  For such filesystems balance_dirty_pages always check bdi
counters against bdi limits.  I.e.  even if global "nr_dirty" is under
"freerun", it's not allowed to skip bdi checks.  The only use case for now
is fuse: it sets bdi max_ratio to 1% by default and system administrators
are supposed to expect that this limit won't be exceeded.

The feature is on if a BDI is marked by BDI_CAP_STRICTLIMIT flag.  A
filesystem may set the flag when it initializes its BDI.

The problematic scenario comes from the fact that nobody pays attention to
the NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP counter (i.e.  number of pages under fuse
writeback).  The implementation of fuse writeback releases original page
(by calling end_page_writeback) almost immediately.  A fuse request queued
for real processing bears a copy of original page.  Hence, if userspace
fuse daemon doesn't finalize write requests in timely manner, an
aggressive mmap writer can pollute virtually all memory by those temporary
fuse page copies.  They are carefully accounted in NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP, but
nobody cares.

To make further explanations shorter, let me use "NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP
problem" as a shortcut for "a possibility of uncontrolled grow of amount
of RAM consumed by temporary pages allocated by kernel fuse to process
writeback".

The problem was very easy to reproduce.  There is a trivial example
filesystem implementation in fuse userspace distribution: fusexmp_fh.c.  I
added "sleep(1);" to the write methods, then recompiled and mounted it.
Then created a huge file on the mount point and run a simple program which
mmap-ed the file to a memory region, then wrote a data to the region.  An
hour later I observed almost all RAM consumed by fuse writeback.  Since
then some unrelated changes in kernel fuse made it more difficult to
reproduce, but it is still possible now.

Putting this theoretical happens-in-the-lab thing aside, there is another
thing that really hurts real world (FUSE) users.  This is write-through
page cache policy FUSE currently uses.  I.e.  handling write(2), kernel
fuse populates page cache and flushes user data to the server
synchronously.  This is excessively suboptimal.  Pavel Emelyanov's patches
("writeback cache policy") solve the problem, but they also make resolving
NR_WRITEBACK_TEMP problem absolutely necessary.  Otherwise, simply copying
a huge file to a fuse mount would result in memory starvation.  Miklos,
the maintainer of FUSE, believes strictlimit feature the way to go.

And eventually putting FUSE topics aside, there is one more use-case for
strictlimit feature.  Using a slow USB stick (mass storage) in a machine
with huge amount of RAM installed is a well-known pain.  Let's make simple
computations.  Assuming 64GB of RAM installed, existing implementation of
balance_dirty_pages will start throttling only after 9.6GB of RAM becomes
dirty (freerun == 15% of total RAM).  So, the command "cp 9GB_file
/media/my-usb-storage/" may return in a few seconds, but subsequent
"umount /media/my-usb-storage/" will take more than two hours if effective
throughput of the storage is, to say, 1MB/sec.

After inclusion of strictlimit feature, it will be trivial to add a knob
(e.g.  /sys/devices/virtual/bdi/x:y/strictlimit) to enable it on demand.
Manually or via udev rule.  May be I'm wrong, but it seems to be quite a
natural desire to limit the amount of dirty memory for some devices we are
not fully trust (in the sense of sustainable throughput).

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning in page-writeback.c]
Signed-off-by: Maxim Patlasov <MPatlasov@parallels.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@parallels.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:04 -07:00
Lisa Du
6e543d5780 mm: vmscan: fix do_try_to_free_pages() livelock
This patch is based on KOSAKI's work and I add a little more description,
please refer https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/6/14/74.

Currently, I found system can enter a state that there are lots of free
pages in a zone but only order-0 and order-1 pages which means the zone is
heavily fragmented, then high order allocation could make direct reclaim
path's long stall(ex, 60 seconds) especially in no swap and no compaciton
enviroment.  This problem happened on v3.4, but it seems issue still lives
in current tree, the reason is do_try_to_free_pages enter live lock:

kswapd will go to sleep if the zones have been fully scanned and are still
not balanced.  As kswapd thinks there's little point trying all over again
to avoid infinite loop.  Instead it changes order from high-order to
0-order because kswapd think order-0 is the most important.  Look at
73ce02e9 in detail.  If watermarks are ok, kswapd will go back to sleep
and may leave zone->all_unreclaimable =3D 0.  It assume high-order users
can still perform direct reclaim if they wish.

Direct reclaim continue to reclaim for a high order which is not a
COSTLY_ORDER without oom-killer until kswapd turn on
zone->all_unreclaimble= .  This is because to avoid too early oom-kill.
So it means direct_reclaim depends on kswapd to break this loop.

In worst case, direct-reclaim may continue to page reclaim forever when
kswapd sleeps forever until someone like watchdog detect and finally kill
the process.  As described in:
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.mm/103737

We can't turn on zone->all_unreclaimable from direct reclaim path because
direct reclaim path don't take any lock and this way is racy.  Thus this
patch removes zone->all_unreclaimable field completely and recalculates
zone reclaimable state every time.

Note: we can't take the idea that direct-reclaim see zone->pages_scanned
directly and kswapd continue to use zone->all_unreclaimable.  Because, it
is racy.  commit 929bea7c71 (vmscan: all_unreclaimable() use
zone->all_unreclaimable as a name) describes the detail.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: uninline zone_reclaimable_pages() and zone_reclaimable()]
Cc: Aaditya Kumar <aaditya.kumar.30@gmail.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Cc: Neil Zhang <zhangwm@marvell.com>
Cc: Russell King - ARM Linux <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Lisa Du <cldu@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:58:01 -07:00
Johannes Weiner
72457c0a05 mm: revert "page-writeback.c: subtract min_free_kbytes from dirtyable memory"
This reverts commit 75f7ad8e04.  It was the result of a problem
observed with a 3.2 kernel and merged in 3.9, while the issue had been
resolved upstream in 3.3 (commit ab8fabd46f: "mm: exclude reserved
pages from dirtyable memory").

The "reserved pages" are a superset of min_free_kbytes, thus this change
is redundant and confusing.  Revert it.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Paul Szabo <psz@maths.usyd.edu.au>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-09-11 15:57:23 -07:00
Paul Gortmaker
0db0628d90 kernel: delete __cpuinit usage from all core kernel files
The __cpuinit type of throwaway sections might have made sense
some time ago when RAM was more constrained, but now the savings
do not offset the cost and complications.  For example, the fix in
commit 5e427ec2d0 ("x86: Fix bit corruption at CPU resume time")
is a good example of the nasty type of bugs that can be created
with improper use of the various __init prefixes.

After a discussion on LKML[1] it was decided that cpuinit should go
the way of devinit and be phased out.  Once all the users are gone,
we can then finally remove the macros themselves from linux/init.h.

This removes all the uses of the __cpuinit macros from C files in
the core kernel directories (kernel, init, lib, mm, and include)
that don't really have a specific maintainer.

[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/5/20/589

Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
2013-07-14 19:36:59 -04:00
Darrick J. Wong
7136851117 mm: make snapshotting pages for stable writes a per-bio operation
Walking a bio's page mappings has proved problematic, so create a new
bio flag to indicate that a bio's data needs to be snapshotted in order
to guarantee stable pages during writeback.  Next, for the one user
(ext3/jbd) of snapshotting, hook all the places where writes can be
initiated without PG_writeback set, and set BIO_SNAP_STABLE there.

We must also flag journal "metadata" bios for stable writeout, since
file data can be written through the journal.  Finally, the
MS_SNAP_STABLE mount flag (only used by ext3) is now superfluous, so get
rid of it.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: rename _submit_bh()'s `flags' to `bio_flags', delobotomize the _submit_bh declaration]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: teeny cleanup]
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind1@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-04-29 15:54:33 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
de1a2262b0 2 writeback fixes
- fix negative (setpoint - dirty) in 32bit archs
 - use down_read_trylock() in writeback_inodes_sb(_nr)_if_idle()
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Merge tag 'writeback-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wfg/linux

Pull writeback fixes from Wu Fengguang:
 "Two writeback fixes

   - fix negative (setpoint - dirty) in 32bit archs

   - use down_read_trylock() in writeback_inodes_sb(_nr)_if_idle()"

* tag 'writeback-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wfg/linux:
  Negative (setpoint-dirty) in bdi_position_ratio()
  vfs: re-implement writeback_inodes_sb(_nr)_if_idle() and rename them
2013-02-28 13:21:44 -08:00
Linus Torvalds
ee89f81252 Merge branch 'for-3.9/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block
Pull block IO core bits from Jens Axboe:
 "Below are the core block IO bits for 3.9.  It was delayed a few days
  since my workstation kept crashing every 2-8h after pulling it into
  current -git, but turns out it is a bug in the new pstate code (divide
  by zero, will report separately).  In any case, it contains:

   - The big cfq/blkcg update from Tejun and and Vivek.

   - Additional block and writeback tracepoints from Tejun.

   - Improvement of the should sort (based on queues) logic in the plug
     flushing.

   - _io() variants of the wait_for_completion() interface, using
     io_schedule() instead of schedule() to contribute to io wait
     properly.

   - Various little fixes.

  You'll get two trivial merge conflicts, which should be easy enough to
  fix up"

Fix up the trivial conflicts due to hlist traversal cleanups (commit
b67bfe0d42: "hlist: drop the node parameter from iterators").

* 'for-3.9/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (39 commits)
  block: remove redundant check to bd_openers()
  block: use i_size_write() in bd_set_size()
  cfq: fix lock imbalance with failed allocations
  drivers/block/swim3.c: fix null pointer dereference
  block: don't select PERCPU_RWSEM
  block: account iowait time when waiting for completion of IO request
  sched: add wait_for_completion_io[_timeout]
  writeback: add more tracepoints
  block: add block_{touch|dirty}_buffer tracepoint
  buffer: make touch_buffer() an exported function
  block: add @req to bio_{front|back}_merge tracepoints
  block: add missing block_bio_complete() tracepoint
  block: Remove should_sort judgement when flush blk_plug
  block,elevator: use new hashtable implementation
  cfq-iosched: add hierarchical cfq_group statistics
  cfq-iosched: collect stats from dead cfqgs
  cfq-iosched: separate out cfqg_stats_reset() from cfq_pd_reset_stats()
  blkcg: make blkcg_print_blkgs() grab q locks instead of blkcg lock
  block: RCU free request_queue
  blkcg: implement blkg_[rw]stat_recursive_sum() and blkg_[rw]stat_merge()
  ...
2013-02-28 12:52:24 -08:00
Paul Szabo
75f7ad8e04 page-writeback.c: subtract min_free_kbytes from dirtyable memory
When calculating amount of dirtyable memory, min_free_kbytes should be
subtracted because it is not intended for dirty pages.

Addresses http://bugs.debian.org/695182

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up min_free_kbytes extern declarations]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix min() warning]
Signed-off-by: Paul Szabo <psz@maths.usyd.edu.au>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-02-23 17:50:17 -08:00
Darrick J. Wong
ffecfd1a72 block: optionally snapshot page contents to provide stable pages during write
This provides a band-aid to provide stable page writes on jbd without
needing to backport the fixed locking and page writeback bit handling
schemes of jbd2.  The band-aid works by using bounce buffers to snapshot
page contents instead of waiting.

For those wondering about the ext3 bandage -- fixing the jbd locking
(which was done as part of ext4dev years ago) is a lot of surgery, and
setting PG_writeback on data pages when we actually hold the page lock
dropped ext3 performance by nearly an order of magnitude.  If we're
going to migrate iscsi and raid to use stable page writes, the
complaints about high latency will likely return.  We might as well
centralize their page snapshotting thing to one place.

Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind1@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Cc: Ron Minnich <rminnich@sandia.gov>
Cc: Latchesar Ionkov <lucho@ionkov.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-02-21 17:22:20 -08:00
Darrick J. Wong
1d1d1a7672 mm: only enforce stable page writes if the backing device requires it
Create a helper function to check if a backing device requires stable
page writes and, if so, performs the necessary wait.  Then, make it so
that all points in the memory manager that handle making pages writable
use the helper function.  This should provide stable page write support
to most filesystems, while eliminating unnecessary waiting for devices
that don't require the feature.

Before this patchset, all filesystems would block, regardless of whether
or not it was necessary.  ext3 would wait, but still generate occasional
checksum errors.  The network filesystems were left to do their own
thing, so they'd wait too.

After this patchset, all the disk filesystems except ext3 and btrfs will
wait only if the hardware requires it.  ext3 (if necessary) snapshots
pages instead of blocking, and btrfs provides its own bdi so the mm will
never wait.  Network filesystems haven't been touched, so either they
provide their own stable page guarantees or they don't block at all.
The blocking behavior is back to what it was before 3.0 if you don't
have a disk requiring stable page writes.

Here's the result of using dbench to test latency on ext2:

3.8.0-rc3:
 Operation      Count    AvgLat    MaxLat
 ----------------------------------------
 WriteX        109347     0.028    59.817
 ReadX         347180     0.004     3.391
 Flush          15514    29.828   287.283

Throughput 57.429 MB/sec  4 clients  4 procs  max_latency=287.290 ms

3.8.0-rc3 + patches:
 WriteX        105556     0.029     4.273
 ReadX         335004     0.005     4.112
 Flush          14982    30.540   298.634

Throughput 55.4496 MB/sec  4 clients  4 procs  max_latency=298.650 ms

As you can see, the maximum write latency drops considerably with this
patch enabled.  The other filesystems (ext3/ext4/xfs/btrfs) behave
similarly, but see the cover letter for those results.

Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind1@gmail.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Eric Van Hensbergen <ericvh@gmail.com>
Cc: Ron Minnich <rminnich@sandia.gov>
Cc: Latchesar Ionkov <lucho@ionkov.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-02-21 17:22:19 -08:00
Clark Williams
8bd75c77b7 sched/rt: Move rt specific bits into new header file
Move rt scheduler definitions out of include/linux/sched.h into
new file include/linux/sched/rt.h

Signed-off-by: Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130207094707.7b9f825f@riff.lan
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2013-02-07 20:51:08 +01:00
paul.szabo@sydney.edu.au
ed84825b78 Negative (setpoint-dirty) in bdi_position_ratio()
In bdi_position_ratio(), get difference (setpoint-dirty) right even when
negative. Both setpoint and dirty are unsigned long, the difference was
zero-padded thus wrongly sign-extended to s64. This issue affects all
32-bit architectures, does not affect 64-bit architectures where long
and s64 are equivalent.

In this function, dirty is between freerun and limit, the pseudo-float x
is between [-1,1], expected to be negative about half the time. With
zero-padding, instead of a small negative x we obtained a large positive
one so bdi_position_ratio() returned garbage.

Casting the difference to s64 also prevents overflow with left-shift;
though normally these numbers are small and I never observed a 32-bit
overflow there.

(This patch does not solve the PAE OOM issue.)

Paul Szabo   psz@maths.usyd.edu.au   http://www.maths.usyd.edu.au/u/psz/
School of Mathematics and Statistics   University of Sydney    Australia

Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Paul Szabo <psz@maths.usyd.edu.au>
Reference: http://bugs.debian.org/695182
Signed-off-by: Paul Szabo <psz@maths.usyd.edu.au>
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
2013-01-24 22:22:22 +08:00
Tejun Heo
9fb0a7da0c writeback: add more tracepoints
Add tracepoints for page dirtying, writeback_single_inode start, inode
dirtying and writeback.  For the latter two inode events, a pair of
events are defined to denote start and end of the operations (the
starting one has _start suffix and the one w/o suffix happens after
the operation is complete).  These inode ops are FS specific and can
be non-trivial and having enclosing tracepoints is useful for external
tracers.

This is part of tracepoint additions to improve visiblity into
dirtying / writeback operations for io tracer and userland.

v2: writeback_dirty_inode[_start] TPs may be called for files on
    pseudo FSes w/ unregistered bdi.  Check whether bdi->dev is %NULL
    before dereferencing.

v3: buffer dirtying moved to a block TP.

Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2013-01-14 15:00:36 +01:00
Sonny Rao
c8b74c2f66 mm: fix calculation of dirtyable memory
The system uses global_dirtyable_memory() to calculate number of
dirtyable pages/pages that can be allocated to the page cache.  A bug
causes an underflow thus making the page count look like a big unsigned
number.  This in turn confuses the dirty writeback throttling to
aggressively write back pages as they become dirty (usually 1 page at a
time).  This generally only affects systems with highmem because the
underflowed count gets subtracted from the global count of dirtyable
memory.

The problem was introduced with v3.2-4896-gab8fabd

Fix is to ensure we don't get an underflowed total of either highmem or
global dirtyable memory.

Signed-off-by: Sonny Rao <sonnyrao@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Puneet Kumar <puneetster@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Tested-by: Damien Wyart <damien.wyart@free.fr>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-12-20 17:40:18 -08:00
Namjae Jeon
d0e1d66b5a writeback: remove nr_pages_dirtied arg from balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr()
There is no reason to pass the nr_pages_dirtied argument, because
nr_pages_dirtied value from the caller is unused in
balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited_nr().

Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Vivek Trivedi <vtrivedi018@gmail.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-12-11 17:22:21 -08:00
Srivatsa S. Bhat
2f60d628ff CPU hotplug, writeback: Don't call writeback_set_ratelimit() too often during hotplug
The CPU hotplug callback related to writeback calls writeback_set_ratelimit()
during every state change in the hotplug sequence. This is unnecessary
since num_online_cpus() changes only once during the entire hotplug operation.

So invoke the function only once per hotplug, thereby avoiding the
unnecessary repetition of those costly calculations.

Signed-off-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2012-09-28 20:27:49 +08:00
Artem Bityutskiy
f0cd2dbb6c vfs: kill write_super and sync_supers
Finally we can kill the 'sync_supers' kernel thread along with the
'->write_super()' superblock operation because all the users are gone.
Now every file-system is supposed to self-manage own superblock and
its dirty state.

The nice thing about killing this thread is that it improves power management.
Indeed, 'sync_supers' is a source of monotonic system wake-ups - it woke up
every 5 seconds no matter what - even if there were no dirty superblocks and
even if there were no file-systems using this service (e.g., btrfs and
journalled ext4 do not need it). So it was wasting power most of the time. And
because the thread was in the core of the kernel, all systems had to have it.
So I am quite happy to make it go away.

Interestingly, this thread is a left-over from the pdflush kernel thread which
was a self-forking kernel thread responsible for all the write-back in old
Linux kernels. It was turned into per-block device BDI threads, and
'sync_supers' was a left-over. Thus, R.I.P, pdflush as well.

Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-08-04 01:24:44 +04:00
Wanpeng Li
331cbdeede writeback: Fix some comment errors
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <liwp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
2012-06-09 19:54:47 +08:00
Jan Kara
eb608e3a34 block: Convert BDI proportion calculations to flexible proportions
Convert calculations of proportion of writeback each bdi does to new flexible
proportion code. That allows us to use aging period of fixed wallclock time
which gives better proportion estimates given the hugely varying throughput of
different devices.

Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
2012-06-09 08:37:56 +09:00
Fengguang Wu
68809c7108 writeback: initialize global_dirty_limit
This prevents global_dirty_limit from remaining 0 (the initial value)
for long time, since it's only updated in update_dirty_limit() when
above the dirty freerun area.

It will avoid unexpected consequences when some random code use it as a
convenient approximation of the global dirty threshold.

Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
2012-05-06 13:41:58 +08:00
H Hartley Sweeten
18cf8cf8ba mm: page-writeback.c: local functions should not be exposed globally
The function global_dirtyable_memory is only referenced in this file and
should be marked static to prevent it from being exposed globally.

This quiets the sparse warning:

warning: symbol 'global_dirtyable_memory' was not declared. Should it be static?

Signed-off-by: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
2012-04-14 17:37:27 +08:00
Linus Torvalds
69e1aaddd6 Ext4 commits for 3.3 merge window; mostly cleanups and bug fixes
The changes to export dirty_writeback_interval are from Artem's s_dirt
 cleanup patch series.  The same is true of the change to remove the
 s_dirt helper functions which never got used by anyone in-tree.  I've
 run these changes by Al Viro, and am carrying them so that Artem can
 more easily fix up the rest of the file systems during the next merge
 window.  (Originally we had hopped to remove the use of s_dirt from
 ext4 during this merge window, but his patches had some bugs, so I
 ultimately ended dropping them from the ext4 tree.)
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Merge tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4

Pull ext4 updates for 3.4 from Ted Ts'o:
 "Ext4 commits for 3.3 merge window; mostly cleanups and bug fixes

  The changes to export dirty_writeback_interval are from Artem's s_dirt
  cleanup patch series.  The same is true of the change to remove the
  s_dirt helper functions which never got used by anyone in-tree.  I've
  run these changes by Al Viro, and am carrying them so that Artem can
  more easily fix up the rest of the file systems during the next merge
  window.  (Originally we had hopped to remove the use of s_dirt from
  ext4 during this merge window, but his patches had some bugs, so I
  ultimately ended dropping them from the ext4 tree.)"

* tag 'ext4_for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tytso/ext4: (66 commits)
  vfs: remove unused superblock helpers
  mm: export dirty_writeback_interval
  ext4: remove useless s_dirt assignment
  ext4: write superblock only once on unmount
  ext4: do not mark superblock as dirty unnecessarily
  ext4: correct ext4_punch_hole return codes
  ext4: remove restrictive checks for EOFBLOCKS_FL
  ext4: always set then trimmed blocks count into len
  ext4: fix trimmed block count accunting
  ext4: fix start and len arguments handling in ext4_trim_fs()
  ext4: update s_free_{inodes,blocks}_count during online resize
  ext4: change some printk() calls to use ext4_msg() instead
  ext4: avoid output message interleaving in ext4_error_<foo>()
  ext4: remove trailing newlines from ext4_msg() and ext4_error() messages
  ext4: add no_printk argument validation, fix fallout
  ext4: remove redundant "EXT4-fs: " from uses of ext4_msg
  ext4: give more helpful error message in ext4_ext_rm_leaf()
  ext4: remove unused code from ext4_ext_map_blocks()
  ext4: rewrite punch hole to use ext4_ext_remove_space()
  jbd2: cleanup journal tail after transaction commit
  ...
2012-03-28 10:02:55 -07:00
Artem Bityutskiy
91913a2942 mm: export dirty_writeback_interval
Export 'dirty_writeback_interval' to make it visible to
file-systems. We are going to push superblock management down to
file-systems and get rid of the 'sync_supers' kernel thread completly.

Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
2012-03-21 22:33:00 -04:00
Fengguang Wu
47a133339c mm: use global_dirty_limit in throttle_vm_writeout()
When starting a memory hog task, a desktop box w/o swap is found to go
unresponsive for a long time.  It's solely caused by lots of congestion
waits in throttle_vm_writeout():

 gnome-system-mo-4201 553.073384: congestion_wait: throttle_vm_writeout+0x70/0x7f shrink_mem_cgroup_zone+0x48f/0x4a1
 gnome-system-mo-4201 553.073386: writeback_congestion_wait: usec_timeout=100000 usec_delayed=100000
           gtali-4237 553.080377: congestion_wait: throttle_vm_writeout+0x70/0x7f shrink_mem_cgroup_zone+0x48f/0x4a1
           gtali-4237 553.080378: writeback_congestion_wait: usec_timeout=100000 usec_delayed=100000
            Xorg-3483 553.103375: congestion_wait: throttle_vm_writeout+0x70/0x7f shrink_mem_cgroup_zone+0x48f/0x4a1
            Xorg-3483 553.103377: writeback_congestion_wait: usec_timeout=100000 usec_delayed=100000

The root cause is, the dirty threshold is knocked down a lot by the memory
hog task.  Fixed by using global_dirty_limit which decreases gradually on
such events and can guarantee we stay above (the also decreasing) nr_dirty
in the progress of following down to the new dirty threshold.

Signed-off-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-21 17:54:58 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
001a541ea9 Merge branch 'writeback-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wfg/linux
* 'writeback-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wfg/linux:
  writeback: move MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES to fs-writeback.c
  writeback: balanced_rate cannot exceed write bandwidth
  writeback: do strict bdi dirty_exceeded
  writeback: avoid tiny dirty poll intervals
  writeback: max, min and target dirty pause time
  writeback: dirty ratelimit - think time compensation
  btrfs: fix dirtied pages accounting on sub-page writes
  writeback: fix dirtied pages accounting on redirty
  writeback: fix dirtied pages accounting on sub-page writes
  writeback: charge leaked page dirties to active tasks
  writeback: Include all dirty inodes in background writeback
2012-01-10 16:59:59 -08:00