The latency timer was introduced with the FT232BM and FT245BM chips. Do
not bother attempting to read or write it for older chip versions.
Signed-off-by: Ian Abbott <abbotti@mev.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
FTDI devices use a receive latency timer to periodically empty the
receive buffer and report modem and line status (also when the buffer is
empty).
When a break or error condition is detected the corresponding status
flags will be set on a packet with nonzero data payload and the flags
are not updated until the break is over or further characters are
received.
In order to avoid over-reporting break and error conditions, these flags
must therefore only be processed for packets with payload.
This specifically fixes the case where after an overrun, the error
condition is continuously reported and NULL-characters inserted until
further data is received.
Reported-by: Michael Walle <michael@walle.cc>
Fixes: 72fda3ca6f ("USB: serial: ftd_sio: implement sysrq handling on
break")
Fixes: 166ceb6907 ("USB: ftdi_sio: clean up line-status handling")
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v2.6.35
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Clean up the ioctl handler and make sure to pass an unsigned-int rather
than serial_struct pointer to the TIOCSERGETLSR helper as this it what
the user argument really is.
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Since commit 557aaa7ffa ("ft232: support the ASYNC_LOW_LATENCY
flag") the FTDI driver has been using a receive latency-timer value of
1 ms instead of the device default of 16 ms.
The latency timer is used to periodically empty a non-full receive
buffer, but a status header is always sent when the timer expires
including when the buffer is empty. This means that a two-byte bulk
message is received every millisecond also for an otherwise idle port as
long as it is open.
Let's restore the pre-2009 behaviour which reduces the rate of the
status messages to 1/16th (e.g. interrupt frequency drops from 1 kHz to
62.5 Hz) by not setting ASYNC_LOW_LATENCY by default.
Anyone willing to pay the price for the minimum-latency behaviour should
set the flag explicitly instead using the TIOCSSERIAL ioctl or a tool
such as setserial (e.g. setserial /dev/ttyUSB0 low_latency).
Note that since commit 0cbd81a9f6 ("USB: ftdi_sio: remove
tty->low_latency") the ASYNC_LOW_LATENCY flag has no other effects but
to set a minimal latency timer.
Reported-by: Antoine Aubert <a.aubert@overkiz.com>
Fixes: 557aaa7ffa ("ft232: support the ASYNC_LOW_LATENCY flag")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # v2.6.31: e3e574ad85
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Make sure to detect short responses when reading the latency timer to
avoid using stale buffer data.
Note that no heap data would currently leak through sysfs as
ASYNC_LOW_LATENCY is set by default.
Fixes: 1da177e4c3 ("Linux-2.6.12-rc2")
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Make sure to detect short responses when fetching the modem status in
order to avoid parsing uninitialised buffer data and having bits of it
leak to user space.
Note that we still allow for short 1-byte responses.
Fixes: 1da177e4c3 ("Linux-2.6.12-rc2")
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
These updates include a new driver for Fintek F8153x devices, support
for the GPIO functionality on CP2105 devices, and improved support for
CH34X devices.
Included are also some clean ups and fixes for various minor issues.
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----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=FChe
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'usb-serial-4.10-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/johan/usb-serial into usb-next
Johan writes:
USB-serial updates for v4.10-rc1
These updates include a new driver for Fintek F8153x devices, support
for the GPIO functionality on CP2105 devices, and improved support for
CH34X devices.
Included are also some clean ups and fixes for various minor issues.
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Drop invalid user-pointer checks from ioctl handlers.
A NULL-pointer can be valid in user space and copy_to_user() takes care
of sanity checking.
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
This patch adds support for the TI CC3200 LaunchPad board, which uses a
custom USB vendor ID and product ID. Channel A is used for JTAG, and
channel B is used for a UART.
Signed-off-by: Doug Brown <doug@schmorgal.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
This adds support to ftdi_sio for the Infineon TriBoard TC2X7
engineering board for first-generation Aurix SoCs with Tricore CPUs.
Mere addition of the device IDs does the job.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Tauner <stefan.tauner@technikum-wien.at>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
BCM20706V2_EVAL is a WICED dev board designed with FT2232H USB 2.0
UART/FIFO IC.
To support BCM920706V2_EVAL dev board for WICED development on Linux.
Add the VID(0a5c) and PID(6422) to ftdi_sio driver to allow loading
ftdi_sio for this board.
Signed-off-by: Sheng-Hui J. Chu <s.jeffrey.chu@gmail.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Ivium Technologies uses the FTDI VID with custom PIDs for their line of
electrochemical interfaces and the PalmSens they developed for PalmSens
BV.
Signed-off-by: Robert Delien <robert@delien.nl>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
The ftdi_sio_quirk structures are never modified, so declare them as
const.
Done with the help of Coccinelle.
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <Julia.Lawall@lip6.fr>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
A Fedora user reports that the ftdi_sio driver works properly for the
ICP DAS I-7561U device. Further, the user manual for these devices
instructs users to load the driver and add the ids using the sysfs
interface.
Add support for these in the driver directly so that the devices work
out of the box instead of needing manual configuration.
Reported-by: <thesource@mail.ru>
CC: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@fedoraproject.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Move constants to the right of binary operators where it increases
readability.
Generated by: scripts/coccinelle/misc/compare_const_fl.cocci
Signed-off-by: Mathieu OTHACEHE <m.othacehe@gmail.com>
[johan: drop some chunks and fix others, amend commit message ]
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Harald Linden reports that the ftdi_sio driver works properly for the
Yaesu SCU-18 cable if the device ids are added to the driver. So let's
add them.
Reported-by: Harald Linden <harald.linden@7183.org>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
CustomWare uses the FTDI VID with custom PIDs for their ShipModul MiniPlex
products.
Signed-off-by: Matthijs Kooijman <matthijs@stdin.nl>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This adds support for new Xsens device, Motion Tracker Development Board,
using Xsens' own Vendor ID
Signed-off-by: Patrick Riphagen <patrick.riphagen@xsens.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
This patch uses the existing CALAO Systems ftdi_8u2232c_probe in order
to avoid attaching a TTY to the JTAG port as this board is based on the
CALAO Systems reference design and needs the same fix up.
Signed-off-by: Doug Goldstein <cardoe@cardoe.com>
CC: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
[johan: clean up probe logic ]
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Synapse Wireless uses the FTDI VID with a custom PID of 0x9090 for their
SNAP Stick 200 product.
Signed-off-by: Doug Goldstein <cardoe@cardoe.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
This patch integrates Cyber Cortex AV boards with the existing
ftdi_jtag_quirk in order to use serial port 0 with JTAG which is
required by the manufacturers' software.
Steps: 2
[ftdi_sio_ids.h]
1. Defined the device PID
[ftdi_sio.c]
2. Added a macro declaration to the ids array, in order to enable the
jtag quirk for the device.
Signed-off-by: Max Mansfield <max.m.mansfield@gmail.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
These product identifiers (PID) all deal with marine NMEA format data
used on motor boats and yachts. We supply the programmed devices to
Chetco, for use inside their equipment. The PIDs are a direct copy of
our Windows device drivers (FTDI drivers with altered PIDs).
Signed-off-by: Mark Glover <mark@actisense.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
[johan: edit commit message slightly ]
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Add PIDs for new Matrix Orbital GTT series products.
Signed-off-by: Troy Clark <tclark@matrixorbital.ca>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
[johan: shorten commit message ]
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
An official recent Windows driver from FTDI detects counterfeit devices
and reprograms the internal EEPROM containing the USB PID to 0, effectively
bricking the device.
Add support for this VID/PID pair to correctly bind the driver on these
devices.
See:
http://hackaday.com/2014/10/22/watch-that-windows-update-ftdi-drivers-are-killing-fake-chips/
Signed-off-by: Perry Hung <iperry@gmail.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Add new IDs for the Xsens Awinda Station and Awinda Dongle.
While at it, order the definitions by PID and add a logical separation
between devices using Xsens' VID and those using FTDI's VID.
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frans Klaver <frans.klaver@xsens.com>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Add device id for NOVITUS Bono E thermal printer.
Reported-by: Emanuel Koczwara <poczta@emanuelkoczwara.pl>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Added support to the ftdi_sio driver for ekey Converter USB which
uses an FT232BM chip.
Signed-off-by: Jaša Bartelj <jasa.bartelj@gmail.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Add device id for Basic Micro ATOM Nano USB2Serial adapters.
Reported-by: Nicolas Alt <n.alt@mytum.de>
Tested-by: Nicolas Alt <n.alt@mytum.de>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
This adds support for new Xsens devices, using Xsens' own Vendor ID.
Signed-off-by: Patrick Riphagen <patrick.riphagen@xsens.com>
Signed-off-by: Frans Klaver <frans.klaver@xsens.com>
Cc: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Here are some minor fixes and clean-ups to the ftdi_sio, mos7840 and kl5kusb105
drivers for v3.17-rc1.
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v2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=tUqf
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'usb-serial-3.17-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/johan/usb-serial into usb-next
Johan writes:
USB-serial updates for v3.17-rc1
Here are some minor fixes and clean-ups to the ftdi_sio, mos7840 and kl5kusb105
drivers for v3.17-rc1.
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
This patch adds PID 0x0003 to the VID 0x128d (Testo). At least the
Testo 435-4 uses this, likely other gear as well.
Signed-off-by: Bert Vermeulen <bert@biot.com>
Cc: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Remove redundant mtxorb quirk used to fix up incorrect wMaxPacketSize,
which was added before 895f28badc ("USB: ftdi_sio: fix hi-speed device
packet size calculation") which does the same thing for all devices.
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Promote max-packet-size-override message to warning level and use the
port device for logging, while using actual endpoint numbers in the
message itself.
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
There's no need to print the number of endpoints per interface or
endpoint wMaxPacketSize during port probe. This information is readily
available using lsusb should it ever be needed.
Note that this also fixes the wMaxPacketSize being incorrectly reported
on big-endian systems due to a missing le16_to_cpu().
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
Fix NULL-pointer dereference when probing an interface with no
endpoints.
These devices have two bulk endpoints per interface, but this avoids
crashing the kernel if a user forces a non-FTDI device to be probed.
Note that the iterator variable was made unsigned in order to avoid
a maybe-uninitialized compiler warning for ep_desc after the loop.
Fixes: 895f28badc ("USB: ftdi_sio: fix hi-speed device packet size
calculation")
Reported-by: Mike Remski <mremski@mutualink.net>
Tested-by: Mike Remski <mremski@mutualink.net>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 2.6.31
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org>
The NovaTech OrionLXm uses an onboard FTDI serial converter for JTAG and
console access.
Here is the lsusb output:
Bus 004 Device 123: ID 0403:7c90 Future Technology Devices
International, Ltd
Signed-off-by: George McCollister <george.mccollister@gmail.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Hello,
the following patch adds an entry for the PID of a Cressi Leonardo
diving computer interface to kernel 3.13.0.
It is detected as FT232RL.
Works with subsurface.
Signed-off-by: Joerg Dorchain <joerg@dorchain.net>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Adding two more IDs to the ftdi_sio usb serial driver.
It now connects Tagsys RFID readers.
There might be more IDs out there for other Tagsys models.
Signed-off-by: Ulrich Hahn <uhahn@eanco.de>
Cc: Johan Hovold <johan@hovold.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
None of these files are actually using any __init type directives
and hence don't need to include <linux/init.h>. Most are just a
left over from __devinit and __cpuinit removal, or simply due to
code getting copied from one driver to the next.
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Genuine FTDI chips support only CS7/8. A previous fix in commit
8704211f65 ("USB: ftdi_sio: fixed handling of unsupported CSIZE
setting") enforced this limitation and reported it back to userspace.
However, certain types of smartcard readers depend on specific
driver behaviour that requests 0 data bits (not 5) to change into a
different operating mode if CS5 has been set.
This patch reenables this behaviour for all FTDI devices.
Tagged to be added to stable, because it affects a lot of users of
embedded systems which rely on these readers to work properly.
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Reported-by: Heinrich Siebmanns <H.Siebmanns@t-online.de>
Tested-by: Heinrich Siebmanns <H.Siebmanns@t-online.de>
Signed-off-by: Colin Leitner <colin.leitner@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Remove redundant error messages on allocation failures, which have
already been logged.
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Remove redundant ioctl debugging from subdrivers. The ioctl request code
has already been logged by usb-serial core.
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Declare device-id tables as const where possible.
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
FTDI UARTs support only 7 or 8 data bits. Until now the ftdi_sio driver would
only report this limitation for CS6 to dmesg and fail to reflect this fact to
tcgetattr.
This patch reverts the unsupported CSIZE setting and reports the fact with less
severance to dmesg for both CS5 and CS6.
To test the patch it's sufficient to call
stty -F /dev/ttyUSB0 cs5
which will succeed without the patch and report an error with the patch
applied.
As an additional fix this patch ensures that the control request will always
include a data bit size.
Signed-off-by: Colin Leitner <colin.leitner@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Johan Hovold <jhovold@gmail.com>
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Here's the big USB driver update for 3.13-rc1.
It includes the usual xhci changes, EHCI updates to get the scheduling
of USB transactions working better, and a raft of gadget and musb
updates as well.
All of this has been in linux-next for a while with no reported issues.
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v2.0.19 (GNU/Linux)
iEYEABECAAYFAlJ6xycACgkQMUfUDdst+ymO+gCgxXdQXSU23i9ykc2CKBemdEBH
w6IAoKcokITcdN1IxxkfiMxOEld2hgZm
=3kbb
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'usb-3.13-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb
Pull USB driver update from Greg KH:
"Here's the big USB driver update for 3.13-rc1.
It includes the usual xhci changes, EHCI updates to get the scheduling
of USB transactions working better, and a raft of gadget and musb
updates as well.
All of this has been in linux-next for a while with no reported
issues"
* tag 'usb-3.13-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb: (305 commits)
USB: Maintainers change for usb serial drivers
usb: usbtest: support container id descriptor test
usb: usbtest: support superspeed device capbility descriptor test
usb: usbtest: support usb2 extension descriptor test
usb: chipidea: only get vbus regulator for non-peripheral mode
USB: ehci-atmel: add usb_clk for transition to CCF
usb: cdc-wdm: ignore speed change notifications
USB: cdc-wdm: support back-to-back USB_CDC_NOTIFY_RESPONSE_AVAILABLE notifications
usbatm: Fix dynamic_debug / ratelimited atm_dbg and atm_rldbg macros
printk: pr_debug_ratelimited: check state first to reduce "callbacks suppressed" messages
usb: usbtest: support bos descriptor test for usb 3.0
USB: phy: samsung: Support multiple PHYs of same type
usb: wusbcore: change WA_SEGS_MAX to a legal value
usb: wusbcore: add a quirk for Alereon HWA device isoc behavior
usb: wusbcore: combine multiple isoc frames in a single transfer request.
usb: wusbcore: set the RPIPE wMaxPacketSize value correctly
usb: chipidea: host: more enhancement when ci->hcd is NULL
usb: ohci: remove ep93xx bus glue platform driver
usb: usbtest: fix checkpatch warning as sizeof code style
UWB: clean up attribute use by using ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS()
...
