We can place this in definitions that we expect the compiler to remove by
dead code elimination. If this assertion fails, we get a nice error
message at build time.
The GCC function attribute error("message") was added in version 4.3, so
we define a new macro __linktime_error(message) to expand to this for
GCC-4.3 and later. This will give us an error diagnostic from the
compiler on the line that fails. For other compilers
__linktime_error(message) expands to nothing, and we have to be content
with a link time error, but at least we will still get a build error.
BUILD_BUG() expands to the undefined function __build_bug_failed() and
will fail at link time if the compiler ever emits code for it. On GCC-4.3
and later, attribute((error())) is used so that the failure will be noted
at compile time instead.
Signed-off-by: David Daney <david.daney@cavium.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: DM <dm.n9107@gmail.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sparse can't parse warning and error attribute. then they should be
hidden from sparse.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A __naked function is defined in C but with a body completely implemented
by asm(), including any prologue and epilogue. These asm() bodies expect
standard calling conventions for parameter passing. Older GCCs implement
that correctly, but 4.[56] currently do not, see GCC PR44290. In the
Linux kernel this breaks ARM, causing most arch/arm/mm/copypage-*.c
modules to get miscompiled, resulting in kernel crashes during bootup.
Part of the kernel fix is to augment the __naked function attribute to
also imply noinline and noclone. This patch implements that, and has been
verified to fix boot failures with gcc-4.5 compiled 2.6.34 and 2.6.35-rc1
kernels. The patch is a no-op with older GCCs.
Signed-off-by: Mikael Pettersson <mikpe@it.uu.se>
Signed-off-by: Khem Raj <raj.khem@gmail.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'x86-asm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
include/linux/compiler-gcc4.h: Fix build bug - gcc-4.0.2 doesn't understand __builtin_object_size
x86/alternatives: No need for alternatives-asm.h to re-invent stuff already in asm.h
x86/alternatives: Check replacementlen <= instrlen at build time
x86, 64-bit: Set data segments to null after switching to 64-bit mode
x86: Clean up the loadsegment() macro
x86: Optimize loadsegment()
x86: Add missing might_fault() checks to copy_{to,from}_user()
x86-64: __copy_from_user_inatomic() adjustments
x86: Remove unused thread_return label from switch_to()
x86, 64-bit: Fix bstep_iret jump
x86: Don't use the strict copy checks when branch profiling is in use
x86, 64-bit: Move K8 B step iret fixup to fault entry asm
x86: Generate cmpxchg build failures
x86: Add a Kconfig option to turn the copy_from_user warnings into errors
x86: Turn the copy_from_user check into an (optional) compile time warning
x86: Use __builtin_memset and __builtin_memcpy for memset/memcpy
x86: Use __builtin_object_size() to validate the buffer size for copy_from_user()
Starting with version 4.5, GCC has a new built-in function
__builtin_unreachable() that can be used in places like the kernel's
BUG() where inline assembly is used to transfer control flow. This
eliminated the need for an endless loop in these places.
The patch adds a new macro 'unreachable()' that will expand to either
__builtin_unreachable() or an endless loop depending on the compiler
version.
Change from v1: Simplify unreachable() for non-GCC 4.5 case.
Signed-off-by: David Daney <ddaney@caviumnetworks.com>
Acked-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Maybe 4.1.0 doesn't too, but this fixed it for me.
Caused by:
4a31276: x86: Turn the copy_from_user check into an (optional) compile time warning
9f0cf4a: x86: Use __builtin_object_size() to validate the buffer size for copy_from_user()
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
LKML-Reference: <200910090724.n997OQl6013538@imap1.linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
For automated testing it is useful to have the option to turn
the warnings on copy_from_user() etc checks into errors:
In function ‘copy_from_user’,
inlined from ‘fd_copyin’ at drivers/block/floppy.c:3080,
inlined from ‘fd_ioctl’ at drivers/block/floppy.c:3503:
linux/arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess_32.h:213:
error: call to ‘copy_from_user_overflow’ declared with attribute error:
copy_from_user buffer size is not provably correct
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
LKML-Reference: <20091002075050.4e9f7641@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
A previous patch added the buffer size check to copy_from_user().
One of the things learned from analyzing the result of the previous
patch is that in general, gcc is really good at proving that the
code contains sufficient security checks to not need to do a
runtime check. But that for those cases where gcc could not prove
this, there was a relatively high percentage of real security
issues.
This patch turns the case of "gcc cannot prove" into a compile time
warning, as long as a sufficiently new gcc is in use that supports
this. The objective is that these warnings will trigger developers
checking new cases out before a security hole enters a linux kernel
release.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
LKML-Reference: <20090930130523.348ae6c4@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
gcc (4.x) supports the __builtin_object_size() builtin, which
reports the size of an object that a pointer point to, when known
at compile time. If the buffer size is not known at compile time, a
constant -1 is returned.
This patch uses this feature to add a sanity check to
copy_from_user(); if the target buffer is known to be smaller than
the copy size, the copy is aborted and a WARNing is emitted in
memory debug mode.
These extra checks compile away when the object size is not known,
or if both the buffer size and the copy length are constants.
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
LKML-Reference: <20090926143301.2c396b94@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: Fix for exported headers
We only want to error out on specific gcc versions if we are actually
building the kernel, so conditionalize the #if...#error on __KERNEL__.
Based on a patchset by Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>.
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
These compiler versions are known to miscompile __weak functions and
thus generate kernels that don't necessarily work correctly. If a weak
function is int he same compilation unit as a caller, gcc may end up
inlining it, and thus binding the weak function too early.
See
http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=27781
for details.
Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Cc: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- include the gcc version-dependent header files from the generic gcc
header file, rather than the other way around (iow: don't make the
non-gcc header file have to know about gcc versions)
- don't include compiler-gcc4.h for gcc 5 (for whenever it gets
released). That's just confusing and made us do odd things in the
gcc4 header file (testing that we really had version 4!)
- generate the name from the __GNUC__ version directly, rather than
having a mess of #if conditionals.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Other than the defconfigs, remove the entry in compiler-gcc4.h,
Kconfig.debug and feature-removal-schedule.txt.
Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Remove the deprecated __attribute_used__.
[Introduce __section in a few places to silence checkpatch /sam]
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Replace worthless comments with actual preprocessor errors when including
the wrong versions of the compiler.h files.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: make it work]
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
gcc 4.3 supports a new __attribute__((__cold__)) to mark functions cold. Any
path directly leading to a call of this function will be unlikely. And gcc
will try to generate smaller code for the function itself.
Please use with care. The code generation advantage isn't large and in most
cases it is not worth uglifying code with this.
This patch marks some common error functions like panic(), printk()
as cold. This will longer term make many unlikely()s unnecessary, although
we can keep them for now for older compilers.
BUG is not marked cold because there is currently no way to tell
gcc to mark a inline function told.
Also all __init and __exit functions are marked cold. With a non -Os
build this will tell the compiler to generate slightly smaller code
for them. I think it currently only uses less alignments for labels,
but that might change in the future.
One disadvantage over *likely() is that they cannot be easily instrumented
to verify them.
Another drawback is that only the latest gcc 4.3 snapshots support this.
Unfortunately we cannot detect this using the preprocessor. This means older
snapshots will fail now. I don't think that's a problem because they are
unreleased compilers that nobody should be using.
gcc also has a __hot__ attribute, but I don't see any sense in using
this in the kernel right now. But someday I hope gcc will be able
to use more aggressive optimizing for hot functions even in -Os,
if that happens it should be added.
Includes compile fix from Thomas Gleixner.
Cc: Jan Hubicka <jh@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__used is defined to be __attribute__((unused)) for all pre-3.3 gcc
compilers to suppress warnings for unused functions because perhaps they
are referenced only in inline assembly. It is defined to be
__attribute__((used)) for gcc 3.3 and later so that the code is still
emitted for such functions.
__maybe_unused is defined to be __attribute__((unused)) for both function
and variable use if it could possibly be unreferenced due to the evaluation
of preprocessor macros. Function prototypes shall be marked with
__maybe_unused if the actual definition of the function is dependant on
preprocessor macros.
No update to compiler-intel.h is necessary because ICC supports both
__attribute__((used)) and __attribute__((unused)) as specified by the gcc
manual.
__attribute_used__ is deprecated and will be removed once all current
code is converted to using __used.
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Introduce a macro for suppressing gcc from generating a warning about a
probable uninitialized state of a variable.
Example:
- spinlock_t *ptl;
+ spinlock_t *uninitialized_var(ptl);
Not a happy solution, but those warnings are obnoxious.
- Using the usual pointlessly-set-it-to-zero approach wastes several
bytes of text.
- Using a macro means we can (hopefully) do something else if gcc changes
cause the `x = x' hack to stop working
- Using a macro means that people who are worried about hiding true bugs
can easily turn it off.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bbpetkov@yahoo.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If optimizing for size (CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE), allow gcc4 compilers
to decide what to inline and what not - instead of the kernel forcing gcc
to inline all the time. This requires several places that require to be
inlined to be marked as such, previous patches in this series do that.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
This patch is the first in a series that tries to optimize the kernel in terms
of size (and thus cache behavior, both cpu and pagecache).
This first patch changes __always_inline to be a forced inline instead of the
"regular" inline it was on everything except alpha. This forced inline
matches the intention of the define better as a matter of documentation.
There is no change in behavior by this patch, since "inline" currently is
mapped to a forced inline anyway.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Remove various things which were checking for gcc-1.x and gcc-2.x compilers.
From: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Some documentation updates and removes some code paths for gcc < 3.2.
Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
