With transparent hugepage support, handle_mm_fault() has to be careful
that a normal PMD has been established before handling a PTE fault. To
achieve this, it used __pte_alloc() directly instead of pte_alloc_map
as pte_alloc_map is unsafe to run against a huge PMD. pte_offset_map()
is called once it is known the PMD is safe.
pte_alloc_map() is smart enough to check if a PTE is already present
before calling __pte_alloc but this check was lost. As a consequence,
PTEs may be allocated unnecessarily and the page table lock taken.
Thi useless PTE does get cleaned up but it's a performance hit which
is visible in page_test from aim9.
This patch simply re-adds the check normally done by pte_alloc_map to
check if the PTE needs to be allocated before taking the page table
lock. The effect is noticable in page_test from aim9.
AIM9
2.6.38-vanilla 2.6.38-checkptenone
creat-clo 446.10 ( 0.00%) 424.47 (-5.10%)
page_test 38.10 ( 0.00%) 42.04 ( 9.37%)
brk_test 52.45 ( 0.00%) 51.57 (-1.71%)
exec_test 382.00 ( 0.00%) 456.90 (16.39%)
fork_test 60.11 ( 0.00%) 67.79 (11.34%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 611.90 612.22
(While this affects 2.6.38, it is a performance rather than a
functional bug and normally outside the rules -stable. While the big
performance differences are to a microbench, the difference in fork
and exec performance may be significant enough that -stable wants to
consider the patch)
Reported-by: Raz Ben Yehuda <raziebe@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
[ Picked this up from the AutoNUMA tree to help
it upstream and to allow apples-to-apples
performance comparisons. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
do_wp_page() sets mmun_called if mmun_start and mmun_end were
initialized and, if so, may call mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end()
with these values. This doesn't prevent gcc from emitting a build
warning though:
mm/memory.c: In function `do_wp_page':
mm/memory.c:2530: warning: `mmun_start' may be used uninitialized in this function
mm/memory.c:2531: warning: `mmun_end' may be used uninitialized in this function
It's much easier to initialize the variables to impossible values and do
a simple comparison to determine if they were initialized to remove the
bool entirely.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a transparent hugepage is mapped and it is included in an mlock()
range, follow_page() incorrectly avoids setting the page's mlock bit and
moving it to the unevictable lru.
This is evident if you try to mlock(), munlock(), and then mlock() a
range again. Currently:
#define MAP_SIZE (4 << 30) /* 4GB */
void *ptr = mmap(NULL, MAP_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, 0, 0);
mlock(ptr, MAP_SIZE);
$ grep -E "Unevictable|Inactive\(anon" /proc/meminfo
Inactive(anon): 6304 kB
Unevictable: 4213924 kB
munlock(ptr, MAP_SIZE);
Inactive(anon): 4186252 kB
Unevictable: 19652 kB
mlock(ptr, MAP_SIZE);
Inactive(anon): 4198556 kB
Unevictable: 21684 kB
Notice that less than 2MB was added to the unevictable list; this is
because these pages in the range are not transparent hugepages since the
4GB range was allocated with mmap() and has no specific alignment. If
posix_memalign() were used instead, unevictable would not have grown at
all on the second mlock().
The fix is to call mlock_vma_page() so that the mlock bit is set and the
page is added to the unevictable list. With this patch:
mlock(ptr, MAP_SIZE);
Inactive(anon): 4056 kB
Unevictable: 4213940 kB
munlock(ptr, MAP_SIZE);
Inactive(anon): 4198268 kB
Unevictable: 19636 kB
mlock(ptr, MAP_SIZE);
Inactive(anon): 4008 kB
Unevictable: 4213940 kB
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In order to allow sleeping during invalidate_page mmu notifier calls, we
need to avoid calling when holding the PT lock. In addition to its direct
calls, invalidate_page can also be called as a substitute for a change_pte
call, in case the notifier client hasn't implemented change_pte.
This patch drops the invalidate_page call from change_pte, and instead
wraps all calls to change_pte with invalidate_range_start and
invalidate_range_end calls.
Note that change_pte still cannot sleep after this patch, and that clients
implementing change_pte should not take action on it in case the number of
outstanding invalidate_range_start calls is larger than one, otherwise
they might miss a later invalidation.
Signed-off-by: Haggai Eran <haggaie@mellanox.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com>
Cc: Sagi Grimberg <sagig@mellanox.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Or Gerlitz <ogerlitz@mellanox.com>
Cc: Haggai Eran <haggaie@mellanox.com>
Cc: Shachar Raindel <raindel@mellanox.com>
Cc: Liran Liss <liranl@mellanox.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In order to allow sleeping during mmu notifier calls, we need to avoid
invoking them under the page table spinlock. This patch solves the
problem by calling invalidate_page notification after releasing the lock
(but before freeing the page itself), or by wrapping the page invalidation
with calls to invalidate_range_begin and invalidate_range_end.
To prevent accidental changes to the invalidate_range_end arguments after
the call to invalidate_range_begin, the patch introduces a convention of
saving the arguments in consistently named locals:
unsigned long mmun_start; /* For mmu_notifiers */
unsigned long mmun_end; /* For mmu_notifiers */
...
mmun_start = ...
mmun_end = ...
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(mm, mmun_start, mmun_end);
...
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(mm, mmun_start, mmun_end);
The patch changes code to use this convention for all calls to
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start/end, except those where the calls are
close enough so that anyone who glances at the code can see the values
aren't changing.
This patchset is a preliminary step towards on-demand paging design to be
added to the RDMA stack.
Why do we want on-demand paging for Infiniband?
Applications register memory with an RDMA adapter using system calls,
and subsequently post IO operations that refer to the corresponding
virtual addresses directly to HW. Until now, this was achieved by
pinning the memory during the registration calls. The goal of on demand
paging is to avoid pinning the pages of registered memory regions (MRs).
This will allow users the same flexibility they get when swapping any
other part of their processes address spaces. Instead of requiring the
entire MR to fit in physical memory, we can allow the MR to be larger,
and only fit the current working set in physical memory.
Why should anyone care? What problems are users currently experiencing?
This can make programming with RDMA much simpler. Today, developers
that are working with more data than their RAM can hold need either to
deregister and reregister memory regions throughout their process's
life, or keep a single memory region and copy the data to it. On demand
paging will allow these developers to register a single MR at the
beginning of their process's life, and let the operating system manage
which pages needs to be fetched at a given time. In the future, we
might be able to provide a single memory access key for each process
that would provide the entire process's address as one large memory
region, and the developers wouldn't need to register memory regions at
all.
Is there any prospect that any other subsystems will utilise these
infrastructural changes? If so, which and how, etc?
As for other subsystems, I understand that XPMEM wanted to sleep in
MMU notifiers, as Christoph Lameter wrote at
http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0802.1/0460.html and
perhaps Andrea knows about other use cases.
Scheduling in mmu notifications is required since we need to sync the
hardware with the secondary page tables change. A TLB flush of an IO
device is inherently slower than a CPU TLB flush, so our design works by
sending the invalidation request to the device, and waiting for an
interrupt before exiting the mmu notifier handler.
Avi said:
kvm may be a buyer. kvm::mmu_lock, which serializes guest page
faults, also protects long operations such as destroying large ranges.
It would be good to convert it into a spinlock, but as it is used inside
mmu notifiers, this cannot be done.
(there are alternatives, such as keeping the spinlock and using a
generation counter to do the teardown in O(1), which is what the "may"
is doing up there).
[akpm@linux-foundation.orgpossible speed tweak in hugetlb_cow(), cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@qumranet.com>
Signed-off-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagig@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Haggai Eran <haggaie@mellanox.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Or Gerlitz <ogerlitz@mellanox.com>
Cc: Haggai Eran <haggaie@mellanox.com>
Cc: Shachar Raindel <raindel@mellanox.com>
Cc: Liran Liss <liranl@mellanox.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We had thought that pages could no longer get freed while still marked as
mlocked; but Johannes Weiner posted this program to demonstrate that
truncating an mlocked private file mapping containing COWed pages is still
mishandled:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *map;
int fd;
system("grep mlockfreed /proc/vmstat");
fd = open("chigurh", O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_RDWR);
unlink("chigurh");
ftruncate(fd, 4096);
map = mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
map[0] = 11;
mlock(map, sizeof(fd));
ftruncate(fd, 0);
close(fd);
munlock(map, sizeof(fd));
munmap(map, 4096);
system("grep mlockfreed /proc/vmstat");
return 0;
}
The anon COWed pages are not caught by truncation's clear_page_mlock() of
the pagecache pages; but unmap_mapping_range() unmaps them, so we ought to
look out for them there in page_remove_rmap(). Indeed, why should
truncation or invalidation be doing the clear_page_mlock() when removing
from pagecache? mlock is a property of mapping in userspace, not a
property of pagecache: an mlocked unmapped page is nonsensical.
Reported-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Implement an interval tree as a replacement for the VMA prio_tree. The
algorithms are similar to lib/interval_tree.c; however that code can't be
directly reused as the interval endpoints are not explicitly stored in the
VMA. So instead, the common algorithm is moved into a template and the
details (node type, how to get interval endpoints from the node, etc) are
filled in using the C preprocessor.
Once the interval tree functions are available, using them as a
replacement to the VMA prio tree is a relatively simple, mechanical job.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A long time ago, in v2.4, VM_RESERVED kept swapout process off VMA,
currently it lost original meaning but still has some effects:
| effect | alternative flags
-+------------------------+---------------------------------------------
1| account as reserved_vm | VM_IO
2| skip in core dump | VM_IO, VM_DONTDUMP
3| do not merge or expand | VM_IO, VM_DONTEXPAND, VM_HUGETLB, VM_PFNMAP
4| do not mlock | VM_IO, VM_DONTEXPAND, VM_HUGETLB, VM_PFNMAP
This patch removes reserved_vm counter from mm_struct. Seems like nobody
cares about it, it does not exported into userspace directly, it only
reduces total_vm showed in proc.
Thus VM_RESERVED can be replaced with VM_IO or pair VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP.
remap_pfn_range() and io_remap_pfn_range() set VM_IO|VM_DONTEXPAND|VM_DONTDUMP.
remap_vmalloc_range() set VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci.c fixup]
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: Kentaro Takeda <takedakn@nttdata.co.jp>
Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge VM_INSERTPAGE into VM_MIXEDMAP. VM_MIXEDMAP VMA can mix pure-pfn
ptes, special ptes and normal ptes.
Now copy_page_range() always copies VM_MIXEDMAP VMA on fork like
VM_PFNMAP. If driver populates whole VMA at mmap() it probably not
expects page-faults.
This patch removes special check from vma_wants_writenotify() which
disables pages write tracking for VMA populated via vm_instert_page().
BDI below mapped file should not use dirty-accounting, moreover
do_wp_page() can handle this.
vm_insert_page() still marks vma after first usage. Usually it is called
from f_op->mmap() handler under mm->mmap_sem write-lock, so it able to
change vma->vm_flags. Caller must set VM_MIXEDMAP at mmap time if it
wants to call this function from other places, for example from page-fault
handler.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: Kentaro Takeda <takedakn@nttdata.co.jp>
Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Replace the generic vma-flag VM_PFN_AT_MMAP with x86-only VM_PAT.
We can toss mapping address from remap_pfn_range() into
track_pfn_vma_new(), and collect all PAT-related logic together in
arch/x86/.
This patch also restores orignal frustration-free is_cow_mapping() check
in remap_pfn_range(), as it was before commit v2.6.28-rc8-88-g3c8bb73
("x86: PAT: store vm_pgoff for all linear_over_vma_region mappings - v3")
is_linear_pfn_mapping() checks can be removed from mm/huge_memory.c,
because it already handled by VM_PFNMAP in VM_NO_THP bit-mask.
[suresh.b.siddha@intel.com: Reset the VM_PAT flag as part of untrack_pfn_vma()]
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: Kentaro Takeda <takedakn@nttdata.co.jp>
Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With PAT enabled, vm_insert_pfn() looks up the existing pfn memory
attribute and uses it. Expectation is that the driver reserves the
memory attributes for the pfn before calling vm_insert_pfn().
remap_pfn_range() (when called for the whole vma) will setup a new
attribute (based on the prot argument) for the specified pfn range.
This addresses the legacy usage which typically calls remap_pfn_range()
with a desired memory attribute. For ranges smaller than the vma size
(which is typically not the case), remap_pfn_range() will use the
existing memory attribute for the pfn range.
Expose two different API's for these different behaviors.
track_pfn_insert() for tracking the pfn attribute set by vm_insert_pfn()
and track_pfn_remap() for the remap_pfn_range().
This cleanup also prepares the ground for the track/untrack pfn vma
routines to take over the ownership of setting PAT specific vm_flag in
the 'vma'.
[khlebnikov@openvz.org: Clear checks in track_pfn_remap()]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak a few comments]
Signed-off-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: Kentaro Takeda <takedakn@nttdata.co.jp>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com>
Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull second vfs pile from Al Viro:
"The stuff in there: fsfreeze deadlock fixes by Jan (essentially, the
deadlock reproduced by xfstests 068), symlink and hardlink restriction
patches, plus assorted cleanups and fixes.
Note that another fsfreeze deadlock (emergency thaw one) is *not*
dealt with - the series by Fernando conflicts a lot with Jan's, breaks
userland ABI (FIFREEZE semantics gets changed) and trades the deadlock
for massive vfsmount leak; this is going to be handled next cycle.
There probably will be another pull request, but that stuff won't be
in it."
Fix up trivial conflicts due to unrelated changes next to each other in
drivers/{staging/gdm72xx/usb_boot.c, usb/gadget/storage_common.c}
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (54 commits)
delousing target_core_file a bit
Documentation: Correct s_umount state for freeze_fs/unfreeze_fs
fs: Remove old freezing mechanism
ext2: Implement freezing
btrfs: Convert to new freezing mechanism
nilfs2: Convert to new freezing mechanism
ntfs: Convert to new freezing mechanism
fuse: Convert to new freezing mechanism
gfs2: Convert to new freezing mechanism
ocfs2: Convert to new freezing mechanism
xfs: Convert to new freezing code
ext4: Convert to new freezing mechanism
fs: Protect write paths by sb_start_write - sb_end_write
fs: Skip atime update on frozen filesystem
fs: Add freezing handling to mnt_want_write() / mnt_drop_write()
fs: Improve filesystem freezing handling
switch the protection of percpu_counter list to spinlock
nfsd: Push mnt_want_write() outside of i_mutex
btrfs: Push mnt_want_write() outside of i_mutex
fat: Push mnt_want_write() outside of i_mutex
...
If a process creates a large hugetlbfs mapping that is eligible for page
table sharing and forks heavily with children some of whom fault and
others which destroy the mapping then it is possible for page tables to
get corrupted. Some teardowns of the mapping encounter a "bad pmd" and
output a message to the kernel log. The final teardown will trigger a
BUG_ON in mm/filemap.c.
This was reproduced in 3.4 but is known to have existed for a long time
and goes back at least as far as 2.6.37. It was probably was introduced
in 2.6.20 by [39dde65c: shared page table for hugetlb page]. The messages
look like this;
[ ..........] Lots of bad pmd messages followed by this
[ 127.164256] mm/memory.c:391: bad pmd ffff880412e04fe8(80000003de4000e7).
[ 127.164257] mm/memory.c:391: bad pmd ffff880412e04ff0(80000003de6000e7).
[ 127.164258] mm/memory.c:391: bad pmd ffff880412e04ff8(80000003de0000e7).
[ 127.186778] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 127.186781] kernel BUG at mm/filemap.c:134!
[ 127.186782] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP
[ 127.186783] CPU 7
[ 127.186784] Modules linked in: af_packet cpufreq_conservative cpufreq_userspace cpufreq_powersave acpi_cpufreq mperf ext3 jbd dm_mod coretemp crc32c_intel usb_storage ghash_clmulni_intel aesni_intel i2c_i801 r8169 mii uas sr_mod cdrom sg iTCO_wdt iTCO_vendor_support shpchp serio_raw cryptd aes_x86_64 e1000e pci_hotplug dcdbas aes_generic container microcode ext4 mbcache jbd2 crc16 sd_mod crc_t10dif i915 drm_kms_helper drm i2c_algo_bit ehci_hcd ahci libahci usbcore rtc_cmos usb_common button i2c_core intel_agp video intel_gtt fan processor thermal thermal_sys hwmon ata_generic pata_atiixp libata scsi_mod
[ 127.186801]
[ 127.186802] Pid: 9017, comm: hugetlbfs-test Not tainted 3.4.0-autobuild #53 Dell Inc. OptiPlex 990/06D7TR
[ 127.186804] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff810ed6ce>] [<ffffffff810ed6ce>] __delete_from_page_cache+0x15e/0x160
[ 127.186809] RSP: 0000:ffff8804144b5c08 EFLAGS: 00010002
[ 127.186810] RAX: 0000000000000001 RBX: ffffea000a5c9000 RCX: 00000000ffffffc0
[ 127.186811] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000009 RDI: ffff88042dfdad00
[ 127.186812] RBP: ffff8804144b5c18 R08: 0000000000000009 R09: 0000000000000003
[ 127.186813] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 000000000000002d R12: ffff880412ff83d8
[ 127.186814] R13: ffff880412ff83d8 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffff880412ff83d8
[ 127.186815] FS: 00007fe18ed2c700(0000) GS:ffff88042dce0000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 127.186816] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
[ 127.186817] CR2: 00007fe340000503 CR3: 0000000417a14000 CR4: 00000000000407e0
[ 127.186818] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[ 127.186819] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[ 127.186820] Process hugetlbfs-test (pid: 9017, threadinfo ffff8804144b4000, task ffff880417f803c0)
[ 127.186821] Stack:
[ 127.186822] ffffea000a5c9000 0000000000000000 ffff8804144b5c48 ffffffff810ed83b
[ 127.186824] ffff8804144b5c48 000000000000138a 0000000000001387 ffff8804144b5c98
[ 127.186825] ffff8804144b5d48 ffffffff811bc925 ffff8804144b5cb8 0000000000000000
[ 127.186827] Call Trace:
[ 127.186829] [<ffffffff810ed83b>] delete_from_page_cache+0x3b/0x80
[ 127.186832] [<ffffffff811bc925>] truncate_hugepages+0x115/0x220
[ 127.186834] [<ffffffff811bca43>] hugetlbfs_evict_inode+0x13/0x30
[ 127.186837] [<ffffffff811655c7>] evict+0xa7/0x1b0
[ 127.186839] [<ffffffff811657a3>] iput_final+0xd3/0x1f0
[ 127.186840] [<ffffffff811658f9>] iput+0x39/0x50
[ 127.186842] [<ffffffff81162708>] d_kill+0xf8/0x130
[ 127.186843] [<ffffffff81162812>] dput+0xd2/0x1a0
[ 127.186845] [<ffffffff8114e2d0>] __fput+0x170/0x230
[ 127.186848] [<ffffffff81236e0e>] ? rb_erase+0xce/0x150
[ 127.186849] [<ffffffff8114e3ad>] fput+0x1d/0x30
[ 127.186851] [<ffffffff81117db7>] remove_vma+0x37/0x80
[ 127.186853] [<ffffffff81119182>] do_munmap+0x2d2/0x360
[ 127.186855] [<ffffffff811cc639>] sys_shmdt+0xc9/0x170
[ 127.186857] [<ffffffff81410a39>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
[ 127.186858] Code: 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 8b 43 08 48 8b 00 48 8b 40 28 8b b0 40 03 00 00 85 f6 0f 88 df fe ff ff 48 89 df e8 e7 cb 05 00 e9 d2 fe ff ff <0f> 0b 55 83 e2 fd 48 89 e5 48 83 ec 30 48 89 5d d8 4c 89 65 e0
[ 127.186868] RIP [<ffffffff810ed6ce>] __delete_from_page_cache+0x15e/0x160
[ 127.186870] RSP <ffff8804144b5c08>
[ 127.186871] ---[ end trace 7cbac5d1db69f426 ]---
The bug is a race and not always easy to reproduce. To reproduce it I was
doing the following on a single socket I7-based machine with 16G of RAM.
$ hugeadm --pool-pages-max DEFAULT:13G
$ echo $((18*1048576*1024)) > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
$ echo $((18*1048576*1024)) > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
$ for i in `seq 1 9000`; do ./hugetlbfs-test; done
On my particular machine, it usually triggers within 10 minutes but
enabling debug options can change the timing such that it never hits.
Once the bug is triggered, the machine is in trouble and needs to be
rebooted. The machine will respond but processes accessing proc like "ps
aux" will hang due to the BUG_ON. shutdown will also hang and needs a
hard reset or a sysrq-b.
The basic problem is a race between page table sharing and teardown. For
the most part page table sharing depends on i_mmap_mutex. In some cases,
it is also taking the mm->page_table_lock for the PTE updates but with
shared page tables, it is the i_mmap_mutex that is more important.
Unfortunately it appears to be also insufficient. Consider the following
situation
Process A Process B
--------- ---------
hugetlb_fault shmdt
LockWrite(mmap_sem)
do_munmap
unmap_region
unmap_vmas
unmap_single_vma
unmap_hugepage_range
Lock(i_mmap_mutex)
Lock(mm->page_table_lock)
huge_pmd_unshare/unmap tables <--- (1)
Unlock(mm->page_table_lock)
Unlock(i_mmap_mutex)
huge_pte_alloc ...
Lock(i_mmap_mutex) ...
vma_prio_walk, find svma, spte ...
Lock(mm->page_table_lock) ...
share spte ...
Unlock(mm->page_table_lock) ...
Unlock(i_mmap_mutex) ...
hugetlb_no_page <--- (2)
free_pgtables
unlink_file_vma
hugetlb_free_pgd_range
remove_vma_list
In this scenario, it is possible for Process A to share page tables with
Process B that is trying to tear them down. The i_mmap_mutex on its own
does not prevent Process A walking Process B's page tables. At (1) above,
the page tables are not shared yet so it unmaps the PMDs. Process A sets
up page table sharing and at (2) faults a new entry. Process B then trips
up on it in free_pgtables.
This patch fixes the problem by adding a new function
__unmap_hugepage_range_final that is only called when the VMA is about to
be destroyed. This function clears VM_MAYSHARE during
unmap_hugepage_range() under the i_mmap_mutex. This makes the VMA
ineligible for sharing and avoids the race. Superficially this looks like
it would then be vunerable to truncate and madvise issues but hugetlbfs
has its own truncate handlers so does not use unmap_mapping_range() and
does not support madvise(DONTNEED).
This should be treated as a -stable candidate if it is merged.
Test program is as follows. The test case was mostly written by Michal
Hocko with a few minor changes to reproduce this bug.
==== CUT HERE ====
static size_t huge_page_size = (2UL << 20);
static size_t nr_huge_page_A = 512;
static size_t nr_huge_page_B = 5632;
unsigned int get_random(unsigned int max)
{
struct timeval tv;
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
srandom(tv.tv_usec);
return random() % max;
}
static void play(void *addr, size_t size)
{
unsigned char *start = addr,
*end = start + size,
*a;
start += get_random(size/2);
/* we could itterate on huge pages but let's give it more time. */
for (a = start; a < end; a += 4096)
*a = 0;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
key_t key = IPC_PRIVATE;
size_t sizeA = nr_huge_page_A * huge_page_size;
size_t sizeB = nr_huge_page_B * huge_page_size;
int shmidA, shmidB;
void *addrA = NULL, *addrB = NULL;
int nr_children = 300, n = 0;
if ((shmidA = shmget(key, sizeA, IPC_CREAT|SHM_HUGETLB|0660)) == -1) {
perror("shmget:");
return 1;
}
if ((addrA = shmat(shmidA, addrA, SHM_R|SHM_W)) == (void *)-1UL) {
perror("shmat");
return 1;
}
if ((shmidB = shmget(key, sizeB, IPC_CREAT|SHM_HUGETLB|0660)) == -1) {
perror("shmget:");
return 1;
}
if ((addrB = shmat(shmidB, addrB, SHM_R|SHM_W)) == (void *)-1UL) {
perror("shmat");
return 1;
}
fork_child:
switch(fork()) {
case 0:
switch (n%3) {
case 0:
play(addrA, sizeA);
break;
case 1:
play(addrB, sizeB);
break;
case 2:
break;
}
break;
case -1:
perror("fork:");
break;
default:
if (++n < nr_children)
goto fork_child;
play(addrA, sizeA);
break;
}
shmdt(addrA);
shmdt(addrB);
do {
wait(NULL);
} while (--n > 0);
shmctl(shmidA, IPC_RMID, NULL);
shmctl(shmidB, IPC_RMID, NULL);
return 0;
}
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: name the declaration's args, fix CONFIG_HUGETLBFS=n build]
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Call up_read(&mm->mmap_sem) directly since we have already got mm via
current->mm at the beginning of print_vma_addr().
Signed-off-by: Jie Liu <jeff.liu@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Use a mmu_gather instead of a temporary linked list for accumulating pages
when we unmap a hugepage range
Signed-off-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Filesystems wanting to properly support freezing need to have control
when file_update_time() is called. After pushing file_update_time()
to all relevant .page_mkwrite implementations we can just stop calling
file_update_time() when filesystem implements .page_mkwrite.
Tested-by: Kamal Mostafa <kamal@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Peter M. Petrakis <peter.petrakis@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Dann Frazier <dann.frazier@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Massimo Morana <massimo.morana@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Pull x86/mm changes from Peter Anvin:
"The big change here is the patchset by Alex Shi to use INVLPG to flush
only the affected pages when we only need to flush a small page range.
It also removes the special INVALIDATE_TLB_VECTOR interrupts (32
vectors!) and replace it with an ordinary IPI function call."
Fix up trivial conflicts in arch/x86/include/asm/apic.h (added code next
to changed line)
* 'x86-mm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/tlb: Fix build warning and crash when building for !SMP
x86/tlb: do flush_tlb_kernel_range by 'invlpg'
x86/tlb: replace INVALIDATE_TLB_VECTOR by CALL_FUNCTION_VECTOR
x86/tlb: enable tlb flush range support for x86
mm/mmu_gather: enable tlb flush range in generic mmu_gather
x86/tlb: add tlb_flushall_shift knob into debugfs
x86/tlb: add tlb_flushall_shift for specific CPU
x86/tlb: fall back to flush all when meet a THP large page
x86/flush_tlb: try flush_tlb_single one by one in flush_tlb_range
x86/tlb_info: get last level TLB entry number of CPU
x86: Add read_mostly declaration/definition to variables from smp.h
x86: Define early read-mostly per-cpu macros
This patch enabled the tlb flush range support in generic mmu layer.
Most of arch has self tlb flush range support, like ARM/IA64 etc.
X86 arch has no this support in hardware yet. But another instruction
'invlpg' can implement this function in some degree. So, enable this
feather in generic layer for x86 now. and maybe useful for other archs
in further.
Generic mmu_gather struct is protected by micro
HAVE_GENERIC_MMU_GATHER. Other archs that has flush range supported
own self mmu_gather struct. So, now this change is safe for them.
In future we may unify this struct and related functions on multiple
archs.
Thanks for Peter Zijlstra time and time reminder for multiple
architecture code safe!
Signed-off-by: Alex Shi <alex.shi@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1340845344-27557-7-git-send-email-alex.shi@intel.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Fix kernel-doc warnings in mm/memory.c:
Warning(mm/memory.c:1377): No description found for parameter 'start'
Warning(mm/memory.c:1377): Excess function parameter 'address' description in 'zap_page_range'
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Andrea asked for addr, end, vma->vm_start, and vma->vm_end to be emitted
when !rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem). Otherwise, debugging the
underlying issue is more difficult.
Suggested-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On COW, a new hugepage is allocated and charged to the memcg. If the
system is oom or the charge to the memcg fails, however, the fault
handler will return VM_FAULT_OOM which results in an oom kill.
Instead, it's possible to fallback to splitting the hugepage so that the
COW results only in an order-0 page being allocated and charged to the
memcg which has a higher liklihood to succeed. This is expensive
because the hugepage must be split in the page fault handler, but it is
much better than unnecessarily oom killing a process.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The swap token code no longer fits in with the current VM model. It
does not play well with cgroups or the better NUMA placement code in
development, since we have only one swap token globally.
It also has the potential to mess with scalability of the system, by
increasing the number of non-reclaimable pages on the active and
inactive anon LRU lists.
Last but not least, the swap token code has been broken for a year
without complaints, as reported by Konstantin Khlebnikov. This suggests
we no longer have much use for it.
The days of sub-1G memory systems with heavy use of swap are over. If
we ever need thrashing reducing code in the future, we will have to
implement something that does scale.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Bob Picco <bpicco@meloft.net>
Acked-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull user-space probe instrumentation from Ingo Molnar:
"The uprobes code originates from SystemTap and has been used for years
in Fedora and RHEL kernels. This version is much rewritten, reviews
from PeterZ, Oleg and myself shaped the end result.
This tree includes uprobes support in 'perf probe' - but SystemTap
(and other tools) can take advantage of user probe points as well.
Sample usage of uprobes via perf, for example to profile malloc()
calls without modifying user-space binaries.
First boot a new kernel with CONFIG_UPROBE_EVENT=y enabled.
If you don't know which function you want to probe you can pick one
from 'perf top' or can get a list all functions that can be probed
within libc (binaries can be specified as well):
$ perf probe -F -x /lib/libc.so.6
To probe libc's malloc():
$ perf probe -x /lib64/libc.so.6 malloc
Added new event:
probe_libc:malloc (on 0x7eac0)
You can now use it in all perf tools, such as:
perf record -e probe_libc:malloc -aR sleep 1
Make use of it to create a call graph (as the flat profile is going to
look very boring):
$ perf record -e probe_libc:malloc -gR make
[ perf record: Woken up 173 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 44.190 MB perf.data (~1930712
$ perf report | less
32.03% git libc-2.15.so [.] malloc
|
--- malloc
29.49% cc1 libc-2.15.so [.] malloc
|
--- malloc
|
|--0.95%-- 0x208eb1000000000
|
|--0.63%-- htab_traverse_noresize
11.04% as libc-2.15.so [.] malloc
|
--- malloc
|
7.15% ld libc-2.15.so [.] malloc
|
--- malloc
|
5.07% sh libc-2.15.so [.] malloc
|
--- malloc
|
4.99% python-config libc-2.15.so [.] malloc
|
--- malloc
|
4.54% make libc-2.15.so [.] malloc
|
--- malloc
|
|--7.34%-- glob
| |
| |--93.18%-- 0x41588f
| |
| --6.82%-- glob
| 0x41588f
...
Or:
$ perf report -g flat | less
# Overhead Command Shared Object Symbol
# ........ ............. ............. ..........
#
32.03% git libc-2.15.so [.] malloc
27.19%
malloc
29.49% cc1 libc-2.15.so [.] malloc
24.77%
malloc
11.04% as libc-2.15.so [.] malloc
11.02%
malloc
7.15% ld libc-2.15.so [.] malloc
6.57%
malloc
...
The core uprobes design is fairly straightforward: uprobes probe
points register themselves at (inode:offset) addresses of
libraries/binaries, after which all existing (or new) vmas that map
that address will have a software breakpoint injected at that address.
vmas are COW-ed to preserve original content. The probe points are
kept in an rbtree.
If user-space executes the probed inode:offset instruction address
then an event is generated which can be recovered from the regular
perf event channels and mmap-ed ring-buffer.
Multiple probes at the same address are supported, they create a
dynamic callback list of event consumers.
The basic model is further complicated by the XOL speedup: the
original instruction that is probed is copied (in an architecture
specific fashion) and executed out of line when the probe triggers.
The XOL area is a single vma per process, with a fixed number of
entries (which limits probe execution parallelism).
The API: uprobes are installed/removed via
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/uprobe_events, the API is integrated to
align with the kprobes interface as much as possible, but is separate
to it.
Injecting a probe point is privileged operation, which can be relaxed
by setting perf_paranoid to -1.
You can use multiple probes as well and mix them with kprobes and
regular PMU events or tracepoints, when instrumenting a task."
Fix up trivial conflicts in mm/memory.c due to previous cleanup of
unmap_single_vma().
* 'perf-uprobes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (21 commits)
perf probe: Detect probe target when m/x options are absent
perf probe: Provide perf interface for uprobes
tracing: Fix kconfig warning due to a typo
tracing: Provide trace events interface for uprobes
tracing: Extract out common code for kprobes/uprobes trace events
tracing: Modify is_delete, is_return from int to bool
uprobes/core: Decrement uprobe count before the pages are unmapped
uprobes/core: Make background page replacement logic account for rss_stat counters
uprobes/core: Optimize probe hits with the help of a counter
uprobes/core: Allocate XOL slots for uprobes use
uprobes/core: Handle breakpoint and singlestep exceptions
uprobes/core: Rename bkpt to swbp
uprobes/core: Make order of function parameters consistent across functions
uprobes/core: Make macro names consistent
uprobes: Update copyright notices
uprobes/core: Move insn to arch specific structure
uprobes/core: Remove uprobe_opcode_sz
uprobes/core: Make instruction tables volatile
uprobes: Move to kernel/events/
uprobes/core: Clean up, refactor and improve the code
...
The VM accounting makes no sense at this level, and half of the callers
didn't ever actually use the end result. The only time we want to
unaccount the memory is when we actually remove the vma, so do the
accounting at that point instead.
This simplifies the interfaces (no need to pass down that silly page
counter to functions that really don't care), and also makes it much
more obvious what is actually going on: we do vm_[un]acct_memory() when
adding or removing the vma, not on random page walking.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
None of the callers want to pass in 'zap_details', and it doesn't even
make sense for the case of actually unmapping vma's. So remove the
argument, and clean up the interface.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Uprobes has a callback (uprobe_munmap()) in the unmap path to
maintain the uprobes count.
In the exit path this callback gets called in unlink_file_vma().
However by the time unlink_file_vma() is called, the pages would
have been unmapped (in unmap_vmas()) and the task->rss_stat counts
accounted (in zap_pte_range()).
If the exiting process has probepoints, uprobe_munmap() checks if
the breakpoint instruction was around before decrementing the probe
count.
This results in a file backed page being reread by uprobe_munmap()
and hence it does not find the breakpoint.
This patch fixes this problem by moving the callback to
unmap_single_vma(). Since unmap_single_vma() may not unmap the
complete vma, add start and end parameters to uprobe_munmap().
This bug became apparent courtesy of commit c3f0327f8e
("mm: add rss counters consistency check").
Signed-off-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ananth N Mavinakayanahalli <ananth@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Jim Keniston <jkenisto@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Linux-mm <linux-mm@kvack.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@infradead.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Anton Arapov <anton@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120411103527.23245.9835.sendpatchset@srdronam.in.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
The motivation for this patchset was that I was looking at a way for a
qemu-kvm process, to exclude the guest memory from its core dump, which
can be quite large. There are already a number of filter flags in
/proc/<pid>/coredump_filter, however, these allow one to specify 'types'
of kernel memory, not specific address ranges (which is needed in this
case).
Since there are no more vma flags available, the first patch eliminates
the need for the 'VM_ALWAYSDUMP' flag. The flag is used internally by
the kernel to mark vdso and vsyscall pages. However, it is simple
enough to check if a vma covers a vdso or vsyscall page without the need
for this flag.
The second patch then replaces the 'VM_ALWAYSDUMP' flag with a new
'VM_NODUMP' flag, which can be set by userspace using new madvise flags:
'MADV_DONTDUMP', and unset via 'MADV_DODUMP'. The core dump filters
continue to work the same as before unless 'MADV_DONTDUMP' is set on the
region.
The qemu code which implements this features is at:
http://people.redhat.com/~jbaron/qemu-dump/qemu-dump.patch
In my testing the qemu core dump shrunk from 383MB -> 13MB with this
patch.
I also believe that the 'MADV_DONTDUMP' flag might be useful for
security sensitive apps, which might want to select which areas are
dumped.
This patch:
The VM_ALWAYSDUMP flag is currently used by the coredump code to
indicate that a vma is part of a vsyscall or vdso section. However, we
can determine if a vma is in one these sections by checking it against
the gate_vma and checking for a non-NULL return value from
arch_vma_name(). Thus, freeing a valuable vma bit.
Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Roland McGrath <roland@hack.frob.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Merge first batch of patches from Andrew Morton:
"A few misc things and all the MM queue"
* emailed from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (92 commits)
memcg: avoid THP split in task migration
thp: add HPAGE_PMD_* definitions for !CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
memcg: clean up existing move charge code
mm/memcontrol.c: remove unnecessary 'break' in mem_cgroup_read()
mm/memcontrol.c: remove redundant BUG_ON() in mem_cgroup_usage_unregister_event()
mm/memcontrol.c: s/stealed/stolen/
memcg: fix performance of mem_cgroup_begin_update_page_stat()
memcg: remove PCG_FILE_MAPPED
memcg: use new logic for page stat accounting
memcg: remove PCG_MOVE_LOCK flag from page_cgroup
memcg: simplify move_account() check
memcg: remove EXPORT_SYMBOL(mem_cgroup_update_page_stat)
memcg: kill dead prev_priority stubs
memcg: remove PCG_CACHE page_cgroup flag
memcg: let css_get_next() rely upon rcu_read_lock()
cgroup: revert ss_id_lock to spinlock
idr: make idr_get_next() good for rcu_read_lock()
memcg: remove unnecessary thp check in page stat accounting
memcg: remove redundant returns
memcg: enum lru_list lru
...
There's no difference between sync_mm_rss() and __sync_task_rss_stat(),
so fold the latter into the former.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
sync_mm_rss() can only be used for current to avoid race conditions in
iterating and clearing its per-task counters. Remove the task argument
for it and its helper function, __sync_task_rss_stat(), to avoid thinking
it can be used safely for anything other than current.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In some cases it may happen that pmd_none_or_clear_bad() is called with
the mmap_sem hold in read mode. In those cases the huge page faults can
allocate hugepmds under pmd_none_or_clear_bad() and that can trigger a
false positive from pmd_bad() that will not like to see a pmd
materializing as trans huge.
It's not khugepaged causing the problem, khugepaged holds the mmap_sem
in write mode (and all those sites must hold the mmap_sem in read mode
to prevent pagetables to go away from under them, during code review it
seems vm86 mode on 32bit kernels requires that too unless it's
restricted to 1 thread per process or UP builds). The race is only with
the huge pagefaults that can convert a pmd_none() into a
pmd_trans_huge().
Effectively all these pmd_none_or_clear_bad() sites running with
mmap_sem in read mode are somewhat speculative with the page faults, and
the result is always undefined when they run simultaneously. This is
probably why it wasn't common to run into this. For example if the
madvise(MADV_DONTNEED) runs zap_page_range() shortly before the page
fault, the hugepage will not be zapped, if the page fault runs first it
will be zapped.
Altering pmd_bad() not to error out if it finds hugepmds won't be enough
to fix this, because zap_pmd_range would then proceed to call
zap_pte_range (which would be incorrect if the pmd become a
pmd_trans_huge()).
The simplest way to fix this is to read the pmd in the local stack
(regardless of what we read, no need of actual CPU barriers, only
compiler barrier needed), and be sure it is not changing under the code
that computes its value. Even if the real pmd is changing under the
value we hold on the stack, we don't care. If we actually end up in
zap_pte_range it means the pmd was not none already and it was not huge,
and it can't become huge from under us (khugepaged locking explained
above).
All we need is to enforce that there is no way anymore that in a code
path like below, pmd_trans_huge can be false, but pmd_none_or_clear_bad
can run into a hugepmd. The overhead of a barrier() is just a compiler
tweak and should not be measurable (I only added it for THP builds). I
don't exclude different compiler versions may have prevented the race
too by caching the value of *pmd on the stack (that hasn't been
verified, but it wouldn't be impossible considering
pmd_none_or_clear_bad, pmd_bad, pmd_trans_huge, pmd_none are all inlines
and there's no external function called in between pmd_trans_huge and
pmd_none_or_clear_bad).
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
if (next-addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
VM_BUG_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&tlb->mm->mmap_sem));
split_huge_page_pmd(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
} else if (zap_huge_pmd(tlb, vma, pmd, addr))
continue;
/* fall through */
}
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
Because this race condition could be exercised without special
privileges this was reported in CVE-2012-1179.
The race was identified and fully explained by Ulrich who debugged it.
I'm quoting his accurate explanation below, for reference.
====== start quote =======
mapcount 0 page_mapcount 1
kernel BUG at mm/huge_memory.c:1384!
At some point prior to the panic, a "bad pmd ..." message similar to the
following is logged on the console:
mm/memory.c:145: bad pmd ffff8800376e1f98(80000000314000e7).
The "bad pmd ..." message is logged by pmd_clear_bad() before it clears
the page's PMD table entry.
143 void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *pmd)
144 {
-> 145 pmd_ERROR(*pmd);
146 pmd_clear(pmd);
147 }
After the PMD table entry has been cleared, there is an inconsistency
between the actual number of PMD table entries that are mapping the page
and the page's map count (_mapcount field in struct page). When the page
is subsequently reclaimed, __split_huge_page() detects this inconsistency.
1381 if (mapcount != page_mapcount(page))
1382 printk(KERN_ERR "mapcount %d page_mapcount %d\n",
1383 mapcount, page_mapcount(page));
-> 1384 BUG_ON(mapcount != page_mapcount(page));
The root cause of the problem is a race of two threads in a multithreaded
process. Thread B incurs a page fault on a virtual address that has never
been accessed (PMD entry is zero) while Thread A is executing an madvise()
system call on a virtual address within the same 2 MB (huge page) range.
virtual address space
.---------------------.
| |
| |
.-|---------------------|
| | |
| | |<-- B(fault)
| | |
2 MB | |/////////////////////|-.
huge < |/////////////////////| > A(range)
page | |/////////////////////|-'
| | |
| | |
'-|---------------------|
| |
| |
'---------------------'
- Thread A is executing an madvise(..., MADV_DONTNEED) system call
on the virtual address range "A(range)" shown in the picture.
sys_madvise
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem)
...
madvise_vma
switch (behavior)
case MADV_DONTNEED:
madvise_dontneed
zap_page_range
unmap_vmas
unmap_page_range
zap_pud_range
zap_pmd_range
//
// Assume that this huge page has never been accessed.
// I.e. content of the PMD entry is zero (not mapped).
//
if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) {
// We don't get here due to the above assumption.
}
//
// Assume that Thread B incurred a page fault and
.---------> // sneaks in here as shown below.
| //
| if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
| {
| if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd)))
| pmd_clear_bad
| {
| pmd_ERROR
| // Log "bad pmd ..." message here.
| pmd_clear
| // Clear the page's PMD entry.
| // Thread B incremented the map count
| // in page_add_new_anon_rmap(), but
| // now the page is no longer mapped
| // by a PMD entry (-> inconsistency).
| }
| }
|
v
- Thread B is handling a page fault on virtual address "B(fault)" shown
in the picture.
...
do_page_fault
__do_page_fault
// Acquire the semaphore in shared mode.
down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)
...
handle_mm_fault
if (pmd_none(*pmd) && transparent_hugepage_enabled(vma))
// We get here due to the above assumption (PMD entry is zero).
do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
alloc_hugepage_vma
// Allocate a new transparent huge page here.
...
__do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page
...
spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock)
...
page_add_new_anon_rmap
// Here we increment the page's map count (starts at -1).
atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, 0)
set_pmd_at
// Here we set the page's PMD entry which will be cleared
// when Thread A calls pmd_clear_bad().
...
spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock)
The mmap_sem does not prevent the race because both threads are acquiring
it in shared mode (down_read). Thread B holds the page_table_lock while
the page's map count and PMD table entry are updated. However, Thread A
does not synchronize on that lock.
====== end quote =======
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: checkpatch fixes]
Reported-by: Ulrich Obergfell <uobergfe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [2.6.38+]
Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull munmap/truncate race fixes from Al Viro:
"Fixes for racy use of unmap_vmas() on truncate-related codepaths"
* 'vm' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs:
VM: make zap_page_range() callers that act on a single VMA use separate helper
VM: make unmap_vmas() return void
VM: don't bother with feeding upper limit to tlb_finish_mmu() in exit_mmap()
VM: make zap_page_range() return void
VM: can't go through the inner loop in unmap_vmas() more than once...
VM: unmap_page_range() can return void
... since all callers ignore its return value and it's been
useless since commit 97a894136f
(mm: Remove i_mmap_lock lockbreak) anyway.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Memory migration fills a pte with a migration entry and it doesn't
update the rss counters. Then it replaces the migration entry with the
new page (or the old one if migration failed). But between these two
passes this pte can be unmaped, or a task can fork a child and it will
get a copy of this migration entry. Nobody accounts for this in the rss
counters.
This patch properly adjust rss counters for migration entries in
zap_pte_range() and copy_one_pte(). Thus we avoid extra atomic
operations on the migration fast-path.
Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We have tlb_remove_tlb_entry to indicate a pte tlb flush entry should be
flushed, but not a corresponding API for pmd entry. This isn't a
problem so far because THP is only for x86 currently and tlb_flush()
under x86 will flush entire TLB. But this is confusion and could be
missed if thp is ported to other arch.
Also convert tlb->need_flush = 1 to a VM_BUG_ON(!tlb->need_flush) in
__tlb_remove_page() as suggested by Andrea Arcangeli. The
__tlb_remove_page() function is supposed to be called after
tlb_remove_xxx_tlb_entry() and we can catch any misuse.
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'modsplit-Oct31_2011' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulg/linux: (230 commits)
Revert "tracing: Include module.h in define_trace.h"
irq: don't put module.h into irq.h for tracking irqgen modules.
bluetooth: macroize two small inlines to avoid module.h
ip_vs.h: fix implicit use of module_get/module_put from module.h
nf_conntrack.h: fix up fallout from implicit moduleparam.h presence
include: replace linux/module.h with "struct module" wherever possible
include: convert various register fcns to macros to avoid include chaining
crypto.h: remove unused crypto_tfm_alg_modname() inline
uwb.h: fix implicit use of asm/page.h for PAGE_SIZE
pm_runtime.h: explicitly requires notifier.h
linux/dmaengine.h: fix implicit use of bitmap.h and asm/page.h
miscdevice.h: fix up implicit use of lists and types
stop_machine.h: fix implicit use of smp.h for smp_processor_id
of: fix implicit use of errno.h in include/linux/of.h
of_platform.h: delete needless include <linux/module.h>
acpi: remove module.h include from platform/aclinux.h
miscdevice.h: delete unnecessary inclusion of module.h
device_cgroup.h: delete needless include <linux/module.h>
net: sch_generic remove redundant use of <linux/module.h>
net: inet_timewait_sock doesnt need <linux/module.h>
...
Fix up trivial conflicts (other header files, and removal of the ab3550 mfd driver) in
- drivers/media/dvb/frontends/dibx000_common.c
- drivers/media/video/{mt9m111.c,ov6650.c}
- drivers/mfd/ab3550-core.c
- include/linux/dmaengine.h
Michel while working on the working set estimation code, noticed that
calling get_page_unless_zero() on a random pfn_to_page(random_pfn)
wasn't safe, if the pfn ended up being a tail page of a transparent
hugepage under splitting by __split_huge_page_refcount().
He then found the problem could also theoretically materialize with
page_cache_get_speculative() during the speculative radix tree lookups
that uses get_page_unless_zero() in SMP if the radix tree page is freed
and reallocated and get_user_pages is called on it before
page_cache_get_speculative has a chance to call get_page_unless_zero().
So the best way to fix the problem is to keep page_tail->_count zero at
all times. This will guarantee that get_page_unless_zero() can never
succeed on any tail page. page_tail->_mapcount is guaranteed zero and
is unused for all tail pages of a compound page, so we can simply
account the tail page references there and transfer them to
tail_page->_count in __split_huge_page_refcount() (in addition to the
head_page->_mapcount).
While debugging this s/_count/_mapcount/ change I also noticed get_page is
called by direct-io.c on pages returned by get_user_pages. That wasn't
entirely safe because the two atomic_inc in get_page weren't atomic. As
opposed to other get_user_page users like secondary-MMU page fault to
establish the shadow pagetables would never call any superflous get_page
after get_user_page returns. It's safer to make get_page universally safe
for tail pages and to use get_page_foll() within follow_page (inside
get_user_pages()). get_page_foll() is safe to do the refcounting for tail
pages without taking any locks because it is run within PT lock protected
critical sections (PT lock for pte and page_table_lock for
pmd_trans_huge).
The standard get_page() as invoked by direct-io instead will now take
the compound_lock but still only for tail pages. The direct-io paths
are usually I/O bound and the compound_lock is per THP so very
finegrined, so there's no risk of scalability issues with it. A simple
direct-io benchmarks with all lockdep prove locking and spinlock
debugging infrastructure enabled shows identical performance and no
overhead. So it's worth it. Ideally direct-io should stop calling
get_page() on pages returned by get_user_pages(). The spinlock in
get_page() is already optimized away for no-THP builds but doing
get_page() on tail pages returned by GUP is generally a rare operation
and usually only run in I/O paths.
This new refcounting on page_tail->_mapcount in addition to avoiding new
RCU critical sections will also allow the working set estimation code to
work without any further complexity associated to the tail page
refcounting with THP.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The files changed within are only using the EXPORT_SYMBOL
macro variants. They are not using core modular infrastructure
and hence don't need module.h but only the export.h header.
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
I haven't reproduced it myself but the fail scenario is that on such
machines (notably ARM and some embedded powerpc), if you manage to hit
that futex path on a writable page whose dirty bit has gone from the PTE,
you'll livelock inside the kernel from what I can tell.
It will go in a loop of trying the atomic access, failing, trying gup to
"fix it up", getting succcess from gup, go back to the atomic access,
failing again because dirty wasn't fixed etc...
So I think you essentially hang in the kernel.
The scenario is probably rare'ish because affected architecture are
embedded and tend to not swap much (if at all) so we probably rarely hit
the case where dirty is missing or young is missing, but I think Shan has
a piece of SW that can reliably reproduce it using a shared writable
mapping & fork or something like that.
On archs who use SW tracking of dirty & young, a page without dirty is
effectively mapped read-only and a page without young unaccessible in the
PTE.
Additionally, some architectures might lazily flush the TLB when relaxing
write protection (by doing only a local flush), and expect a fault to
invalidate the stale entry if it's still present on another processor.
The futex code assumes that if the "in_atomic()" access -EFAULT's, it can
"fix it up" by causing get_user_pages() which would then be equivalent to
taking the fault.
However that isn't the case. get_user_pages() will not call
handle_mm_fault() in the case where the PTE seems to have the right
permissions, regardless of the dirty and young state. It will eventually
update those bits ... in the struct page, but not in the PTE.
Additionally, it will not handle the lazy TLB flushing that can be
required by some architectures in the fault case.
Basically, gup is the wrong interface for the job. The patch provides a
more appropriate one which boils down to just calling handle_mm_fault()
since what we are trying to do is simulate a real page fault.
The futex code currently attempts to write to user memory within a
pagefault disabled section, and if that fails, tries to fix it up using
get_user_pages().
This doesn't work on archs where the dirty and young bits are maintained
by software, since they will gate access permission in the TLB, and will
not be updated by gup().
In addition, there's an expectation on some archs that a spurious write
fault triggers a local TLB flush, and that is missing from the picture as
well.
I decided that adding those "features" to gup() would be too much for this
already too complex function, and instead added a new simpler
fixup_user_fault() which is essentially a wrapper around handle_mm_fault()
which the futex code can call.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix some nits Darren saw, fiddle comment layout]
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Reported-by: Shan Hai <haishan.bai@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Shan Hai <haishan.bai@gmail.com>
Cc: David Laight <David.Laight@ACULAB.COM>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Darren Hart <darren.hart@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently we are keeping faulted page locked throughout whole __do_fault
call (except for page_mkwrite code path) after calling file system's fault
code. If we do early COW, we allocate a new page which has to be charged
for a memcg (mem_cgroup_newpage_charge).
This function, however, might block for unbounded amount of time if memcg
oom killer is disabled or fork-bomb is running because the only way out of
the OOM situation is either an external event or OOM-situation fix.
In the end we are keeping the faulted page locked and blocking other
processes from faulting it in which is not good at all because we are
basically punishing potentially an unrelated process for OOM condition in
a different group (I have seen stuck system because of ld-2.11.1.so being
locked).
We can do test easily.
% cgcreate -g memory:A
% cgset -r memory.limit_in_bytes=64M A
% cgset -r memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes=64M A
% cd kernel_dir; cgexec -g memory:A make -j
Then, the whole system will live-locked until you kill 'make -j'
by hands (or push reboot...) This is because some important page in a
a shared library are locked.
Considering again, the new page is not necessary to be allocated
with lock_page() held. And usual page allocation may dive into
long memory reclaim loop with holding lock_page() and can cause
very long latency.
There are 3 ways.
1. do allocation/charge before lock_page()
Pros. - simple and can handle page allocation in the same manner.
This will reduce holding time of lock_page() in general.
Cons. - we do page allocation even if ->fault() returns error.
2. do charge after unlock_page(). Even if charge fails, it's just OOM.
Pros. - no impact to non-memcg path.
Cons. - implemenation requires special cares of LRU and we need to modify
page_add_new_anon_rmap()...
3. do unlock->charge->lock again method.
Pros. - no impact to non-memcg path.
Cons. - This may kill LOCK_PAGE_RETRY optimization. We need to release
lock and get it again...
This patch moves "charge" and memory allocation for COW page
before lock_page(). Then, we can avoid scanning LRU with holding
a lock on a page and latency under lock_page() will be reduced.
Then, above livelock disappears.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix code layout]
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reported-by: Lutz Vieweg <lvml@5t9.de>
Original-idea-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ZAP_BLOCK_SIZE became unused in the preemptible-mmu_gather work ("mm:
Remove i_mmap_lock lockbreak"). So zap it.
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__tlb_remove_page() switches to a new batch page, but still checks space
in the old batch. This check always fails, and causes a forced tlb flush.
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
You would expect to find vmtruncate_range() next to vmtruncate() in
mm/truncate.c: move it there.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Running a ktest.pl test, I hit the following bug on x86_32:
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: at arch/x86/mm/highmem_32.c:81 __kunmap_atomic+0x64/0xc1()
Hardware name:
Modules linked in:
Pid: 93, comm: sh Not tainted 2.6.39-test+ #1
Call Trace:
[<c04450da>] warn_slowpath_common+0x7c/0x91
[<c042f5df>] ? __kunmap_atomic+0x64/0xc1
[<c042f5df>] ? __kunmap_atomic+0x64/0xc1^M
[<c0445111>] warn_slowpath_null+0x22/0x24
[<c042f5df>] __kunmap_atomic+0x64/0xc1
[<c04d4a22>] unmap_vmas+0x43a/0x4e0
[<c04d9065>] exit_mmap+0x91/0xd2
[<c0443057>] mmput+0x43/0xad
[<c0448358>] exit_mm+0x111/0x119
[<c044855f>] do_exit+0x1ff/0x5fa
[<c0454ea2>] ? set_current_blocked+0x3c/0x40
[<c0454f24>] ? sigprocmask+0x7e/0x8e
[<c0448b55>] do_group_exit+0x65/0x88
[<c0448b90>] sys_exit_group+0x18/0x1c
[<c0c3915f>] sysenter_do_call+0x12/0x38
---[ end trace 8055f74ea3c0eb62 ]---
Running a ktest.pl git bisect, found the culprit: commit e303297e6c
("mm: extended batches for generic mmu_gather")
But although this was the commit triggering the bug, it was not the one
originally responsible for the bug. That was commit d16dfc550f ("mm:
mmu_gather rework").
The code in zap_pte_range() has something that looks like the following:
pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
do {
[...]
} while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
pte_unmap_unlock(pte - 1, ptl);
The pte starts off pointing at the first element in the page table
directory that was returned by the pte_offset_map_lock(). When it's done
with the page, pte will be pointing to anything between the next entry and
the first entry of the next page inclusive. By doing a pte - 1, this puts
the pte back onto the original page, which is all that pte_unmap_unlock()
needs.
In most archs (64 bit), this is not an issue as the pte is ignored in the
pte_unmap_unlock(). But on 32 bit archs, where things may be kmapped, it
is essential that the pte passed to pte_unmap_unlock() resides on the same
page that was given by pte_offest_map_lock().
The problem came in d16dfc55 ("mm: mmu_gather rework") where it introduced
a "break;" from the while loop. This alone did not seem to easily trigger
the bug. But the modifications made by e303297e6 caused that "break;" to
be hit on the first iteration, before the pte++.
The pte not being incremented will now cause pte_unmap_unlock(pte - 1) to
be pointing to the previous page. This will cause the wrong page to be
unmapped, and also trigger the warning above.
The simple solution is to just save the pointer given by
pte_offset_map_lock() and use it in the unlock.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix new kernel-doc warnings in mm/memory.c:
Warning(mm/memory.c:1327): No description found for parameter 'tlb'
Warning(mm/memory.c:1327): Excess function parameter 'tlbp' description in 'unmap_vmas'
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Two new stats in per-memcg memory.stat which tracks the number of page
faults and number of major page faults.
"pgfault"
"pgmajfault"
They are different from "pgpgin"/"pgpgout" stat which count number of
pages charged/discharged to the cgroup and have no meaning of reading/
writing page to disk.
It is valuable to track the two stats for both measuring application's
performance as well as the efficiency of the kernel page reclaim path.
Counting pagefaults per process is useful, but we also need the aggregated
value since processes are monitored and controlled in cgroup basis in
memcg.
Functional test: check the total number of pgfault/pgmajfault of all
memcgs and compare with global vmstat value:
$ cat /proc/vmstat | grep fault
pgfault 1070751
pgmajfault 553
$ cat /dev/cgroup/memory.stat | grep fault
pgfault 1071138
pgmajfault 553
total_pgfault 1071142
total_pgmajfault 553
$ cat /dev/cgroup/A/memory.stat | grep fault
pgfault 199
pgmajfault 0
total_pgfault 199
total_pgmajfault 0
Performance test: run page fault test(pft) wit 16 thread on faulting in
15G anon pages in 16G container. There is no regression noticed on the
"flt/cpu/s"
Sample output from pft:
TAG pft:anon-sys-default:
Gb Thr CLine User System Wall flt/cpu/s fault/wsec
15 16 1 0.67s 233.41s 14.76s 16798.546 266356.260
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
N Min Max Median Avg Stddev
x 10 16682.962 17344.027 16913.524 16928.812 166.5362
+ 10 16695.568 16923.896 16820.604 16824.652 84.816568
No difference proven at 95.0% confidence
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
[hughd@google.com: shmem fix]
Signed-off-by: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The type of vma->vm_flags is 'unsigned long'. Neither 'int' nor
'unsigned int'. This patch fixes such misuse.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
[ Changed to use a typedef - we'll extend it to cover more cases
later, since there has been discussion about making it a 64-bit
type.. - Linus ]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some of these functions have grown beyond inline sanity, move them
out-of-line.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Requested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Requested-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Straightforward conversion of i_mmap_lock to a mutex.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Hugh says:
"The only significant loser, I think, would be page reclaim (when
concurrent with truncation): could spin for a long time waiting for
the i_mmap_mutex it expects would soon be dropped? "
Counter points:
- cpu contention makes the spin stop (need_resched())
- zap pages should be freeing pages at a higher rate than reclaim
ever can
I think the simplification of the truncate code is definitely worth it.
Effectively reverts: 2aa15890f3 ("mm: prevent concurrent
unmap_mapping_range() on the same inode") and takes out the code that
caused its problem.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Instead of using a single batch (the small on-stack, or an allocated
page), try and extend the batch every time it runs out and only flush once
either the extend fails or we're done.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Requested-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In case other architectures require RCU freed page-tables to implement
gup_fast() and software filled hashes and similar things, provide the
means to do so by moving the logic into generic code.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Requested-by: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Rework the existing mmu_gather infrastructure.
The direct purpose of these patches was to allow preemptible mmu_gather,
but even without that I think these patches provide an improvement to the
status quo.
The first 9 patches rework the mmu_gather infrastructure. For review
purpose I've split them into generic and per-arch patches with the last of
those a generic cleanup.
The next patch provides generic RCU page-table freeing, and the followup
is a patch converting s390 to use this. I've also got 4 patches from
DaveM lined up (not included in this series) that uses this to implement
gup_fast() for sparc64.
Then there is one patch that extends the generic mmu_gather batching.
After that follow the mm preemptibility patches, these make part of the mm
a lot more preemptible. It converts i_mmap_lock and anon_vma->lock to
mutexes which together with the mmu_gather rework makes mmu_gather
preemptible as well.
Making i_mmap_lock a mutex also enables a clean-up of the truncate code.
This also allows for preemptible mmu_notifiers, something that XPMEM I
think wants.
Furthermore, it removes the new and universially detested unmap_mutex.
This patch:
Remove the first obstacle towards a fully preemptible mmu_gather.
The current scheme assumes mmu_gather is always done with preemption
disabled and uses per-cpu storage for the page batches. Change this to
try and allocate a page for batching and in case of failure, use a small
on-stack array to make some progress.
Preemptible mmu_gather is desired in general and usable once i_mmap_lock
becomes a mutex. Doing it before the mutex conversion saves us from
having to rework the code by moving the mmu_gather bits inside the
pte_lock.
Also avoid flushing the tlb batches from under the pte lock, this is
useful even without the i_mmap_lock conversion as it significantly reduces
pte lock hold times.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment tpyo]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently we have expand_upwards exported while expand_downwards is
accessible only via expand_stack or expand_stack_downwards.
check_stack_guard_page is a nice example of the asymmetry. It uses
expand_stack for VM_GROWSDOWN while expand_upwards is called for
VM_GROWSUP case.
Let's clean this up by exporting both functions and make those names
consistent. Let's use expand_{upwards,downwards} because expanding
doesn't always involve stack manipulation (an example is
ia64_do_page_fault which uses expand_upwards for registers backing store
expansion). expand_downwards has to be defined for both
CONFIG_STACK_GROWS{UP,DOWN} because get_arg_page calls the downwards
version in the early process initialization phase for growsup
configuration.
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Linux kernel excludes guard page when performing mlock on a VMA with
down-growing stack. However, some architectures have up-growing stack
and locking the guard page should be excluded in this case too.
This patch fixes lvm2 on PA-RISC (and possibly other architectures with
up-growing stack). lvm2 calculates number of used pages when locking and
when unlocking and reports an internal error if the numbers mismatch.
[ Patch changed fairly extensively to also fix /proc/<pid>/maps for the
grows-up case, and to move things around a bit to clean it all up and
share the infrstructure with the /proc bits.
Tested on ia64 that has both grow-up and grow-down segments - Linus ]
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mikulas@artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz>
Tested-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@gmail.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The logic in __get_user_pages() used to skip the stack guard page lookup
whenever the caller wasn't interested in seeing what the actual page
was. But Michel Lespinasse points out that there are cases where we
don't care about the physical page itself (so 'pages' may be NULL), but
do want to make sure a page is mapped into the virtual address space.
So using the existence of the "pages" array as an indication of whether
to look up the guard page or not isn't actually so great, and we really
should just use the FOLL_MLOCK bit. But because that bit was only set
for the VM_LOCKED case (and not all vma's necessarily have it, even for
mlock()), we couldn't do that originally.
Fix that by moving the VM_LOCKED check deeper into the call-chain, which
actually simplifies many things. Now mlock() gets simpler, and we can
also check for FOLL_MLOCK in __get_user_pages() and the code ends up
much more straightforward.
Reported-and-reviewed-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
With transparent hugepage support, handle_mm_fault() has to be careful
that a normal PMD has been established before handling a PTE fault. To
achieve this, it used __pte_alloc() directly instead of pte_alloc_map as
pte_alloc_map is unsafe to run against a huge PMD. pte_offset_map() is
called once it is known the PMD is safe.
pte_alloc_map() is smart enough to check if a PTE is already present
before calling __pte_alloc but this check was lost. As a consequence,
PTEs may be allocated unnecessarily and the page table lock taken. Thi
useless PTE does get cleaned up but it's a performance hit which is
visible in page_test from aim9.
This patch simply re-adds the check normally done by pte_alloc_map to
check if the PTE needs to be allocated before taking the page table lock.
The effect is noticable in page_test from aim9.
AIM9
2.6.38-vanilla 2.6.38-checkptenone
creat-clo 446.10 ( 0.00%) 424.47 (-5.10%)
page_test 38.10 ( 0.00%) 42.04 ( 9.37%)
brk_test 52.45 ( 0.00%) 51.57 (-1.71%)
exec_test 382.00 ( 0.00%) 456.90 (16.39%)
fork_test 60.11 ( 0.00%) 67.79 (11.34%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 611.90 612.22
(While this affects 2.6.38, it is a performance rather than a functional
bug and normally outside the rules -stable. While the big performance
differences are to a microbench, the difference in fork and exec
performance may be significant enough that -stable wants to consider the
patch)
Reported-by: Raz Ben Yehuda <raziebe@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.38.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In __access_remote_vm() we need to check that we have found the right
vma, not the following vma before we try to access it. Otherwise we
might call the vma's access routine with an address which does not fall
inside the vma.
It was discovered on a current kernel but with an unreleased driver,
from memory it was strace leading to a kernel bad access, but it
obviously depends on what the access implementation does.
Looking at other access implementations I only see:
$ git grep -A 5 vm_operations|grep access
arch/powerpc/platforms/cell/spufs/file.c- .access = spufs_mem_mmap_access,
arch/x86/pci/i386.c- .access = generic_access_phys,
drivers/char/mem.c- .access = generic_access_phys
fs/sysfs/bin.c- .access = bin_access,
The spufs one looks like it might behave badly given the wrong vma, it
assumes vma->vm_file->private_data is a spu_context, and looks like it
would probably blow up pretty quickly if it wasn't.
generic_access_phys() only uses the vma to check vm_flags and get the
mm, and then walks page tables using the address. So it should bail on
the vm_flags check, or at worst let you access some other VM_IO mapping.
And bin_access() just proxies to another access implementation.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 53a7706d5e ("mlock: do not hold mmap_sem for extended periods
of time") changed mlock() to care about the exact number of pages that
__get_user_pages() had brought it. Before, it would only care about
errors.
And that doesn't work, because we also handled one page specially in
__mlock_vma_pages_range(), namely the stack guard page. So when that
case was handled, the number of pages that the function returned was off
by one. In particular, it could be zero, and then the caller would end
up not making any progress at all.
Rather than try to fix up that off-by-one error for the mlock case
specially, this just moves the logic to handle the stack guard page
into__get_user_pages() itself, thus making all the counts come out
right automatically.
Reported-by: Robert Święcki <robert@swiecki.net>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix mm/memory.c incorrect kernel-doc function notation:
Warning(mm/memory.c:3718): Cannot understand * @access_remote_vm - access another process' address space
on line 3718 - I thought it was a doc line
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6:
deal with races in /proc/*/{syscall,stack,personality}
proc: enable writing to /proc/pid/mem
proc: make check_mem_permission() return an mm_struct on success
proc: hold cred_guard_mutex in check_mem_permission()
proc: disable mem_write after exec
mm: implement access_remote_vm
mm: factor out main logic of access_process_vm
mm: use mm_struct to resolve gate vma's in __get_user_pages
mm: arch: rename in_gate_area_no_task to in_gate_area_no_mm
mm: arch: make in_gate_area take an mm_struct instead of a task_struct
mm: arch: make get_gate_vma take an mm_struct instead of a task_struct
x86: mark associated mm when running a task in 32 bit compatibility mode
x86: add context tag to mark mm when running a task in 32-bit compatibility mode
auxv: require the target to be tracable (or yourself)
close race in /proc/*/environ
report errors in /proc/*/*map* sanely
pagemap: close races with suid execve
make sessionid permissions in /proc/*/task/* match those in /proc/*
fix leaks in path_lookupat()
Fix up trivial conflicts in fs/proc/base.c
Remove initialization of vaiable in caller of memory cgroup function.
Actually, it's return value of memcg function but it's initialized in
caller.
Some memory cgroup uses following style to bring the result of start
function to the end function for avoiding races.
mem_cgroup_start_A(&(*ptr))
/* Something very complicated can happen here. */
mem_cgroup_end_A(*ptr)
In some calls, *ptr should be initialized to NULL be caller. But it's
ugly. This patch fixes that *ptr is initialized by _start function.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Provide an alternative to access_process_vm that allows the caller to obtain a
reference to the supplied mm_struct.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Wilson <wilsons@start.ca>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Introduce an internal helper __access_remote_vm and base access_process_vm on
top of it. This new method may be called with a NULL task_struct if page fault
accounting is not desired. This code will be shared with a new address space
accessor that is independent of task_struct.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Wilson <wilsons@start.ca>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
We now check if a requested user page overlaps a gate vma using the supplied mm
instead of the supplied task. The given task is now used solely for accounting
purposes and may be NULL.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Wilson <wilsons@start.ca>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Now that gate vma's are referenced with respect to a particular mm and not a
particular task it only makes sense to propagate the change to this predicate as
well.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Wilson <wilsons@start.ca>
Reviewed-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Morally, the question of whether an address lies in a gate vma should be asked
with respect to an mm, not a particular task. Moreover, dropping the dependency
on task_struct will help make existing and future operations on mm's more
flexible and convenient.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Wilson <wilsons@start.ca>
Reviewed-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Morally, the presence of a gate vma is more an attribute of a particular mm than
a particular task. Moreover, dropping the dependency on task_struct will help
make both existing and future operations on mm's more flexible and convenient.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Wilson <wilsons@start.ca>
Reviewed-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
GUP user may want to try to acquire a reference to a page if it is already
in memory, but not if IO, to bring it in, is needed. For example KVM may
tell vcpu to schedule another guest process if current one is trying to
access swapped out page. Meanwhile, the page will be swapped in and the
guest process, that depends on it, will be able to run again.
This patch adds FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT (suggested by Linus) and
FOLL_NOWAIT follow_page flags. FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT, when used in
conjunction with VM_FAULT_ALLOW_RETRY, indicates to handle_mm_fault that
it shouldn't drop mmap_sem and wait on a page, but return VM_FAULT_RETRY
instead.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: improve FOLL_NOWAIT comment]
Signed-off-by: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (47 commits)
doc: CONFIG_UNEVICTABLE_LRU doesn't exist anymore
Update cpuset info & webiste for cgroups
dcdbas: force SMI to happen when expected
arch/arm/Kconfig: remove one to many l's in the word.
asm-generic/user.h: Fix spelling in comment
drm: fix printk typo 'sracth'
Remove one to many n's in a word
Documentation/filesystems/romfs.txt: fixing link to genromfs
drivers:scsi Change printk typo initate -> initiate
serial, pch uart: Remove duplicate inclusion of linux/pci.h header
fs/eventpoll.c: fix spelling
mm: Fix out-of-date comments which refers non-existent functions
drm: Fix printk typo 'failled'
coh901318.c: Change initate to initiate.
mbox-db5500.c Change initate to initiate.
edac: correct i82975x error-info reported
edac: correct i82975x mci initialisation
edac: correct commented info
fs: update comments to point correct document
target: remove duplicate include of target/target_core_device.h from drivers/target/target_core_hba.c
...
Trivial conflict in fs/eventpoll.c (spelling vs addition)
Make __get_user_pages return -EHWPOISON for HWPOISON page only if
FOLL_HWPOISON is specified. With this patch, the interested callers
can distinguish HWPOISON pages from general FAULT pages, while other
callers will still get -EFAULT for all these pages, so the user space
interface need not to be changed.
This feature is needed by KVM, where UCR MCE should be relayed to
guest for HWPOISON page, while instruction emulation and MMIO will be
tried for general FAULT page.
The idea comes from Andrew Morton.
Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
In most cases, get_user_pages and get_user_pages_fast should be used
to pin user pages in memory. But sometimes, some special flags except
FOLL_GET, FOLL_WRITE and FOLL_FORCE are needed, for example in
following patch, KVM needs FOLL_HWPOISON. To support these users,
__get_user_pages is exported directly.
There are some symbol name conflicts in infiniband driver, fixed them too.
Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com>
CC: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
CC: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
CC: Roland Dreier <roland@kernel.org>
CC: Ralph Campbell <infinipath@qlogic.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Michael Leun reported that running parallel opens on a fuse filesystem
can trigger a "kernel BUG at mm/truncate.c:475"
Gurudas Pai reported the same bug on NFS.
The reason is, unmap_mapping_range() is not prepared for more than
one concurrent invocation per inode. For example:
thread1: going through a big range, stops in the middle of a vma and
stores the restart address in vm_truncate_count.
thread2: comes in with a small (e.g. single page) unmap request on
the same vma, somewhere before restart_address, finds that the
vma was already unmapped up to the restart address and happily
returns without doing anything.
Another scenario would be two big unmap requests, both having to
restart the unmapping and each one setting vm_truncate_count to its
own value. This could go on forever without any of them being able to
finish.
Truncate and hole punching already serialize with i_mutex. Other
callers of unmap_mapping_range() do not, and it's difficult to get
i_mutex protection for all callers. In particular ->d_revalidate(),
which calls invalidate_inode_pages2_range() in fuse, may be called
with or without i_mutex.
This patch adds a new mutex to 'struct address_space' to prevent
running multiple concurrent unmap_mapping_range() on the same mapping.
[ We'll hopefully get rid of all this with the upcoming mm
preemptibility series by Peter Zijlstra, the "mm: Remove i_mmap_mutex
lockbreak" patch in particular. But that is for 2.6.39 ]
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Reported-by: Michael Leun <lkml20101129@newton.leun.net>
Reported-by: Gurudas Pai <gurudas.pai@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Gurudas Pai <gurudas.pai@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
do_file_page and do_no_page don't exist anymore, but some comments
still refers them. The patch fixes them by replacing them with
existing ones.
Signed-off-by: Ryota Ozaki <ozaki.ryota@gmail.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
If the page is going to be written to, __do_page needs to break COW.
However, the old page (before breaking COW) was never mapped mapped into
the current pte (__do_fault is only called when the pte is not present),
so vmscan can't have marked the old page as PageMlocked due to being
mapped in __do_fault's VMA. Therefore, __do_fault() does not need to
worry about clearing PageMlocked() on the old page.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
vmscan can lazily find pages that are mapped within VM_LOCKED vmas, and
set the PageMlocked bit on these pages, transfering them onto the
unevictable list. When do_wp_page() breaks COW within a VM_LOCKED vma,
it may need to clear PageMlocked on the old page and set it on the new
page instead.
This change fixes an issue where do_wp_page() was clearing PageMlocked
on the old page while the pte was still pointing to it (as well as
rmap). Therefore, we were not protected against vmscan immediately
transfering the old page back onto the unevictable list. This could
cause pages to get stranded there forever.
I propose to move the corresponding code to the end of do_wp_page(),
after the pte (and rmap) have been pointed to the new page.
Additionally, we can use munlock_vma_page() instead of
clear_page_mlock(), so that the old page stays mlocked if there are
still other VM_LOCKED vmas mapping it.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add debug checks for invariants that if broken could lead to mapcount vs
page_mapcount debug checks to trigger later in split_huge_page.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
No pmd_trans_huge should ever materialize in migration ptes areas, because
we split the hugepage before migration ptes are instantiated.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
pte_trans_huge must not leak in certain vmas like the mmio special pfn or
filebacked mappings.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If you configure THP in addition to HUGETLB_PAGE on x86_32 without PAE,
the p?d-folding works out that munlock_vma_pages_range() can crash to
follow_page()'s pud_huge() BUG_ON(flags & FOLL_GET): it needs the same
VM_HUGETLB check already there on the pmd_huge() line. Conveniently,
openSUSE provides a "blogd" which tests this out at startup!
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Lately I've been working to make KVM use hugepages transparently without
the usual restrictions of hugetlbfs. Some of the restrictions I'd like to
see removed:
1) hugepages have to be swappable or the guest physical memory remains
locked in RAM and can't be paged out to swap
2) if a hugepage allocation fails, regular pages should be allocated
instead and mixed in the same vma without any failure and without
userland noticing
3) if some task quits and more hugepages become available in the
buddy, guest physical memory backed by regular pages should be
relocated on hugepages automatically in regions under
madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) (ideally event driven by waking up the
kernel deamon if the order=HPAGE_PMD_SHIFT-PAGE_SHIFT list becomes
not null)
4) avoidance of reservation and maximization of use of hugepages whenever
possible. Reservation (needed to avoid runtime fatal faliures) may be ok for
1 machine with 1 database with 1 database cache with 1 database cache size
known at boot time. It's definitely not feasible with a virtualization
hypervisor usage like RHEV-H that runs an unknown number of virtual machines
with an unknown size of each virtual machine with an unknown amount of
pagecache that could be potentially useful in the host for guest not using
O_DIRECT (aka cache=off).
hugepages in the virtualization hypervisor (and also in the guest!) are
much more important than in a regular host not using virtualization,
becasue with NPT/EPT they decrease the tlb-miss cacheline accesses from 24
to 19 in case only the hypervisor uses transparent hugepages, and they
decrease the tlb-miss cacheline accesses from 19 to 15 in case both the
linux hypervisor and the linux guest both uses this patch (though the
guest will limit the addition speedup to anonymous regions only for
now...). Even more important is that the tlb miss handler is much slower
on a NPT/EPT guest than for a regular shadow paging or no-virtualization
scenario. So maximizing the amount of virtual memory cached by the TLB
pays off significantly more with NPT/EPT than without (even if there would
be no significant speedup in the tlb-miss runtime).
The first (and more tedious) part of this work requires allowing the VM to
handle anonymous hugepages mixed with regular pages transparently on
regular anonymous vmas. This is what this patch tries to achieve in the
least intrusive possible way. We want hugepages and hugetlb to be used in
a way so that all applications can benefit without changes (as usual we
leverage the KVM virtualization design: by improving the Linux VM at
large, KVM gets the performance boost too).
The most important design choice is: always fallback to 4k allocation if
the hugepage allocation fails! This is the _very_ opposite of some large
pagecache patches that failed with -EIO back then if a 64k (or similar)
allocation failed...
Second important decision (to reduce the impact of the feature on the
existing pagetable handling code) is that at any time we can split an
hugepage into 512 regular pages and it has to be done with an operation
that can't fail. This way the reliability of the swapping isn't decreased
(no need to allocate memory when we are short on memory to swap) and it's
trivial to plug a split_huge_page* one-liner where needed without
polluting the VM. Over time we can teach mprotect, mremap and friends to
handle pmd_trans_huge natively without calling split_huge_page*. The fact
it can't fail isn't just for swap: if split_huge_page would return -ENOMEM
(instead of the current void) we'd need to rollback the mprotect from the
middle of it (ideally including undoing the split_vma) which would be a
big change and in the very wrong direction (it'd likely be simpler not to
call split_huge_page at all and to teach mprotect and friends to handle
hugepages instead of rolling them back from the middle). In short the
very value of split_huge_page is that it can't fail.
The collapsing and madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) part will remain separated and
incremental and it'll just be an "harmless" addition later if this initial
part is agreed upon. It also should be noted that locking-wise replacing
regular pages with hugepages is going to be very easy if compared to what
I'm doing below in split_huge_page, as it will only happen when
page_count(page) matches page_mapcount(page) if we can take the PG_lock
and mmap_sem in write mode. collapse_huge_page will be a "best effort"
that (unlike split_huge_page) can fail at the minimal sign of trouble and
we can try again later. collapse_huge_page will be similar to how KSM
works and the madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) will work similar to
madvise(MADV_MERGEABLE).
The default I like is that transparent hugepages are used at page fault
time. This can be changed with
/sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled. The control knob can be set
to three values "always", "madvise", "never" which mean respectively that
hugepages are always used, or only inside madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE) regions,
or never used. /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag instead
controls if the hugepage allocation should defrag memory aggressively
"always", only inside "madvise" regions, or "never".
The pmd_trans_splitting/pmd_trans_huge locking is very solid. The
put_page (from get_user_page users that can't use mmu notifier like
O_DIRECT) that runs against a __split_huge_page_refcount instead was a
pain to serialize in a way that would result always in a coherent page
count for both tail and head. I think my locking solution with a
compound_lock taken only after the page_first is valid and is still a
PageHead should be safe but it surely needs review from SMP race point of
view. In short there is no current existing way to serialize the O_DIRECT
final put_page against split_huge_page_refcount so I had to invent a new
one (O_DIRECT loses knowledge on the mapping status by the time gup_fast
returns so...). And I didn't want to impact all gup/gup_fast users for
now, maybe if we change the gup interface substantially we can avoid this
locking, I admit I didn't think too much about it because changing the gup
unpinning interface would be invasive.
If we ignored O_DIRECT we could stick to the existing compound refcounting
code, by simply adding a get_user_pages_fast_flags(foll_flags) where KVM
(and any other mmu notifier user) would call it without FOLL_GET (and if
FOLL_GET isn't set we'd just BUG_ON if nobody registered itself in the
current task mmu notifier list yet). But O_DIRECT is fundamental for
decent performance of virtualized I/O on fast storage so we can't avoid it
to solve the race of put_page against split_huge_page_refcount to achieve
a complete hugepage feature for KVM.
Swap and oom works fine (well just like with regular pages ;). MMU
notifier is handled transparently too, with the exception of the young bit
on the pmd, that didn't have a range check but I think KVM will be fine
because the whole point of hugepages is that EPT/NPT will also use a huge
pmd when they notice gup returns pages with PageCompound set, so they
won't care of a range and there's just the pmd young bit to check in that
case.
NOTE: in some cases if the L2 cache is small, this may slowdown and waste
memory during COWs because 4M of memory are accessed in a single fault
instead of 8k (the payoff is that after COW the program can run faster).
So we might want to switch the copy_huge_page (and clear_huge_page too) to
not temporal stores. I also extensively researched ways to avoid this
cache trashing with a full prefault logic that would cow in 8k/16k/32k/64k
up to 1M (I can send those patches that fully implemented prefault) but I
concluded they're not worth it and they add an huge additional complexity
and they remove all tlb benefits until the full hugepage has been faulted
in, to save a little bit of memory and some cache during app startup, but
they still don't improve substantially the cache-trashing during startup
if the prefault happens in >4k chunks. One reason is that those 4k pte
entries copied are still mapped on a perfectly cache-colored hugepage, so
the trashing is the worst one can generate in those copies (cow of 4k page
copies aren't so well colored so they trashes less, but again this results
in software running faster after the page fault). Those prefault patches
allowed things like a pte where post-cow pages were local 4k regular anon
pages and the not-yet-cowed pte entries were pointing in the middle of
some hugepage mapped read-only. If it doesn't payoff substantially with
todays hardware it will payoff even less in the future with larger l2
caches, and the prefault logic would blot the VM a lot. If one is
emebdded transparent_hugepage can be disabled during boot with sysfs or
with the boot commandline parameter transparent_hugepage=0 (or
transparent_hugepage=2 to restrict hugepages inside madvise regions) that
will ensure not a single hugepage is allocated at boot time. It is simple
enough to just disable transparent hugepage globally and let transparent
hugepages be allocated selectively by applications in the MADV_HUGEPAGE
region (both at page fault time, and if enabled with the
collapse_huge_page too through the kernel daemon).
This patch supports only hugepages mapped in the pmd, archs that have
smaller hugepages will not fit in this patch alone. Also some archs like
power have certain tlb limits that prevents mixing different page size in
the same regions so they will not fit in this framework that requires
"graceful fallback" to basic PAGE_SIZE in case of physical memory
fragmentation. hugetlbfs remains a perfect fit for those because its
software limits happen to match the hardware limits. hugetlbfs also
remains a perfect fit for hugepage sizes like 1GByte that cannot be hoped
to be found not fragmented after a certain system uptime and that would be
very expensive to defragment with relocation, so requiring reservation.
hugetlbfs is the "reservation way", the point of transparent hugepages is
not to have any reservation at all and maximizing the use of cache and
hugepages at all times automatically.
Some performance result:
vmx andrea # LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib64/libhugetlbfs.so HUGETLB_MORECORE=yes HUGETLB_PATH=/mnt/huge/ ./largep
ages3
memset page fault 1566023
memset tlb miss 453854
memset second tlb miss 453321
random access tlb miss 41635
random access second tlb miss 41658
vmx andrea # LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib64/libhugetlbfs.so HUGETLB_MORECORE=yes HUGETLB_PATH=/mnt/huge/ ./largepages3
memset page fault 1566471
memset tlb miss 453375
memset second tlb miss 453320
random access tlb miss 41636
random access second tlb miss 41637
vmx andrea # ./largepages3
memset page fault 1566642
memset tlb miss 453417
memset second tlb miss 453313
random access tlb miss 41630
random access second tlb miss 41647
vmx andrea # ./largepages3
memset page fault 1566872
memset tlb miss 453418
memset second tlb miss 453315
random access tlb miss 41618
random access second tlb miss 41659
vmx andrea # echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/transparent_hugepage
vmx andrea # ./largepages3
memset page fault 2182476
memset tlb miss 460305
memset second tlb miss 460179
random access tlb miss 44483
random access second tlb miss 44186
vmx andrea # ./largepages3
memset page fault 2182791
memset tlb miss 460742
memset second tlb miss 459962
random access tlb miss 43981
random access second tlb miss 43988
============
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#define SIZE (3UL*1024*1024*1024)
int main()
{
char *p = malloc(SIZE), *p2;
struct timeval before, after;
gettimeofday(&before, NULL);
memset(p, 0, SIZE);
gettimeofday(&after, NULL);
printf("memset page fault %Lu\n",
(after.tv_sec-before.tv_sec)*1000000UL +
after.tv_usec-before.tv_usec);
gettimeofday(&before, NULL);
memset(p, 0, SIZE);
gettimeofday(&after, NULL);
printf("memset tlb miss %Lu\n",
(after.tv_sec-before.tv_sec)*1000000UL +
after.tv_usec-before.tv_usec);
gettimeofday(&before, NULL);
memset(p, 0, SIZE);
gettimeofday(&after, NULL);
printf("memset second tlb miss %Lu\n",
(after.tv_sec-before.tv_sec)*1000000UL +
after.tv_usec-before.tv_usec);
gettimeofday(&before, NULL);
for (p2 = p; p2 < p+SIZE; p2 += 4096)
*p2 = 0;
gettimeofday(&after, NULL);
printf("random access tlb miss %Lu\n",
(after.tv_sec-before.tv_sec)*1000000UL +
after.tv_usec-before.tv_usec);
gettimeofday(&before, NULL);
for (p2 = p; p2 < p+SIZE; p2 += 4096)
*p2 = 0;
gettimeofday(&after, NULL);
printf("random access second tlb miss %Lu\n",
(after.tv_sec-before.tv_sec)*1000000UL +
after.tv_usec-before.tv_usec);
return 0;
}
============
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move the copy/clear_huge_page functions to common code to share between
hugetlb.c and huge_memory.c.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
pte alloc routines must wait for split_huge_page if the pmd is not present
and not null (i.e. pmd_trans_splitting). The additional branches are
optimized away at compile time by pmd_trans_splitting if the config option
is off. However we must pass the vma down in order to know the anon_vma
lock to wait for.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
huge_memory.c needs it too when it fallbacks in copying hugepages into
regular fragmented pages if hugepage allocation fails during COW.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
__get_user_pages gets a new 'nonblocking' parameter to signal that the
caller is prepared to re-acquire mmap_sem and retry the operation if
needed. This is used to split off long operations if they are going to
block on a disk transfer, or when we detect contention on the mmap_sem.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove ref to rwsem_is_contended()]
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move the code to mlock pages from __mlock_vma_pages_range() to
follow_page().
This allows __mlock_vma_pages_range() to not have to break down work into
16-page batches.
An additional motivation for doing this within the present patch series is
that it'll make it easier for a later chagne to drop mmap_sem when
blocking on disk (we'd like to be able to resume at the page that was read
from disk instead of at the start of a 16-page batch).
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When faulting in pages for mlock(), we want to break COW for anonymous or
file pages within VM_WRITABLE, non-VM_SHARED vmas. However, there is no
need to write-fault into VM_SHARED vmas since shared file pages can be
mlocked first and dirtied later, when/if they actually get written to.
Skipping the write fault is desirable, as we don't want to unnecessarily
cause these pages to be dirtied and queued for writeback.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Kosaki Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Theodore Tso <tytso@google.com>
Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reorganize the code so that dirty pages are handled closer to the place
that makes them dirty (handling write fault into shared, writable VMAs).
No behavior changes.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Kosaki Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Theodore Tso <tytso@google.com>
Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
mlocking a shared, writable vma currently causes the corresponding pages
to be marked as dirty and queued for writeback. This seems rather
unnecessary given that the pages are not being actually modified during
mlock. It is understood that for non-shared mappings (file or anon) we
want to use a write fault in order to break COW, but there is just no such
need for shared mappings.
The first two patches in this series do not introduce any behavior change.
The intent there is to make it obvious that dirtying file pages is only
done in the (writable, shared) case. I think this clarifies the code, but
I wouldn't mind dropping these two patches if there is no consensus about
them.
The last patch is where we actually avoid dirtying shared mappings during
mlock. Note that as a side effect of this, we won't call page_mkwrite()
for the mappings that define it, and won't be pre-allocating data blocks
at the FS level if the mapped file was sparsely allocated. My
understanding is that mlock does not need to provide such guarantee, as
evidenced by the fact that it never did for the filesystems that don't
define page_mkwrite() - including some common ones like ext3. However, I
would like to gather feedback on this from filesystem people as a
precaution. If this turns out to be a showstopper, maybe block
preallocation can be added back on using a different interface.
Large shared mlocks are getting significantly (>2x) faster in my tests, as
the disk can be fully used for reading the file instead of having to share
between this and writeback.
This patch:
Reorganize the code to remove the 'reuse' flag. No behavior changes.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Kosaki Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Theodore Tso <tytso@google.com>
Cc: Michael Rubin <mrubin@google.com>
Cc: Suleiman Souhlal <suleiman@google.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
After all that's what they are intended for.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The follow_pte() conditionally grabs *@ptlp in case of returning 0.
Rename and wrap it using __cond_lock() removes following warnings:
mm/memory.c:2337:9: warning: context imbalance in 'do_wp_page' - unexpected unlock
mm/memory.c:3142:19: warning: context imbalance in 'handle_mm_fault' - different lock contexts for basic block
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The do_wp_page() releases @ptl but was missing proper annotation. Add it.
This removes following warnings from sparse:
mm/memory.c:2337:9: warning: context imbalance in 'do_wp_page' - unexpected unlock
mm/memory.c:3142:19: warning: context imbalance in 'handle_mm_fault' - different lock contexts for basic block
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The get_locked_pte() conditionally grabs 'ptl' in case of returning
non-NULL. This leads sparse to complain about context imbalance. Rename
and wrap it using __cond_lock() to make sparse happy.
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
