Currently there is a difference in how verifier checks memory access for
helper arguments for PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE and PTR_TO_STACK with regard to
variable part of offset.
check_map_access, that is used for PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE, can handle variable
offsets just fine, so that BPF program can call a helper like this:
some_helper(map_value_ptr + off, size);
, where offset is unknown at load time, but is checked by program to be
in a safe rage (off >= 0 && off + size < map_value_size).
But it's not the case for check_stack_boundary, that is used for
PTR_TO_STACK, and same code with pointer to stack is rejected by
verifier:
some_helper(stack_value_ptr + off, size);
For example:
0: (7a) *(u64 *)(r10 -16) = 0
1: (7a) *(u64 *)(r10 -8) = 0
2: (61) r2 = *(u32 *)(r1 +0)
3: (57) r2 &= 4
4: (17) r2 -= 16
5: (0f) r2 += r10
6: (18) r1 = 0xffff888111343a80
8: (85) call bpf_map_lookup_elem#1
invalid variable stack read R2 var_off=(0xfffffffffffffff0; 0x4)
Add support for variable offset access to check_stack_boundary so that
if offset is checked by program to be in a safe range it's accepted by
verifier.
Signed-off-by: Andrey Ignatov <rdna@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Commit 7640ead939 ("bpf: verifier: make sure callees don't prune
with caller differences") connected up parentage chains of all
frames of the stack. It didn't, however, ensure propagate_liveness()
propagates all liveness information along those chains.
This means pruning happening in the callee may generate explored
states with incomplete liveness for the chains in lower frames
of the stack.
The included selftest is similar to the prior one from commit
7640ead939 ("bpf: verifier: make sure callees don't prune with
caller differences"), where callee would prune regardless of the
difference in r8 state.
Now we also initialize r9 to 0 or 1 based on a result from get_random().
r9 is never read so the walk with r9 = 0 gets pruned (correctly) after
the walk with r9 = 1 completes.
The selftest is so arranged that the pruning will happen in the
callee. Since callee does not propagate read marks of r8, the
explored state at the pruning point prior to the callee will
now ignore r8.
Propagate liveness on all frames of the stack when pruning.
Fixes: f4d7e40a5b ("bpf: introduce function calls (verification)")
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Allow looking up a sock_common. This gives eBPF programs
access to timewait and request sockets.
Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
It's currently not possible to access timewait or request sockets
from eBPF, since there is no way to return a PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON
from a helper. Introduce RET_PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON to enable this
behaviour.
Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
So far, the verifier only acquires reference tracking state for
RET_PTR_TO_SOCKET_OR_NULL. Instead of extending this for every
new return type which desires these semantics, acquire reference
tracking state iff the called helper is an acquire function.
Signed-off-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Syzkaller hit 'KASAN: use-after-free Write in sanitize_ptr_alu' bug.
Call trace:
dump_stack+0xbf/0x12e
print_address_description+0x6a/0x280
kasan_report+0x237/0x360
sanitize_ptr_alu+0x85a/0x8d0
adjust_ptr_min_max_vals+0x8f2/0x1ca0
adjust_reg_min_max_vals+0x8ed/0x22e0
do_check+0x1ca6/0x5d00
bpf_check+0x9ca/0x2570
bpf_prog_load+0xc91/0x1030
__se_sys_bpf+0x61e/0x1f00
do_syscall_64+0xc8/0x550
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x49/0xbe
Fault injection trace:
kfree+0xea/0x290
free_func_state+0x4a/0x60
free_verifier_state+0x61/0xe0
push_stack+0x216/0x2f0 <- inject failslab
sanitize_ptr_alu+0x2b1/0x8d0
adjust_ptr_min_max_vals+0x8f2/0x1ca0
adjust_reg_min_max_vals+0x8ed/0x22e0
do_check+0x1ca6/0x5d00
bpf_check+0x9ca/0x2570
bpf_prog_load+0xc91/0x1030
__se_sys_bpf+0x61e/0x1f00
do_syscall_64+0xc8/0x550
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x49/0xbe
When kzalloc() fails in push_stack(), free_verifier_state() will free
current verifier state. As push_stack() returns, dst_reg was restored
if ptr_is_dst_reg is false. However, as member of the cur_state,
dst_reg is also freed, and error occurs when dereferencing dst_reg.
Simply fix it by testing ret of push_stack() before restoring dst_reg.
Fixes: 979d63d50c ("bpf: prevent out of bounds speculation on pointer arithmetic")
Signed-off-by: Xu Yu <xuyu@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Naresh reported that test_align fails because of the mismatch at the
verbose printout of the register states. The reason is due to the newly
added ref_obj_id.
ref_obj_id is only useful for refcounted reg. Thus, this patch fixes it
by only printing ref_obj_id for refcounted reg. While at it, it also uses
comma instead of space to separate between "id" and "ref_obj_id".
Fixes: 1b98658968 ("bpf: Fix bpf_tcp_sock and bpf_sk_fullsock issue related to bpf_sk_release")
Reported-by: Naresh Kamboju <naresh.kamboju@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
It has been observed that sometimes a higher order memory allocation
for BPF maps fails when there is no obvious memory pressure in a system.
E.g. the map (BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_HASH, key=38, value=56, max_elems=524288)
could not be created due to vmalloc unable to allocate 75497472B,
when the system's memory consumption (in MB) was the following:
Total: 3942 Used: 837 (21.24%) Free: 138 Buffers: 239 Cached: 2727
Later analysis [1] by Michal Hocko showed that the vmalloc was not trying
to reclaim memory from the page cache and was failing prematurely due to
__GFP_NORETRY.
Considering dcda9b0471 ("mm, tree wide: replace __GFP_REPEAT by
__GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL with more useful semantic") and [1], we can replace
__GFP_NORETRY with __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL, as it won't invoke OOM killer
and will try harder to fulfil allocation requests.
Unfortunately, replacing the body of the BPF map memory allocation
function with the kvmalloc_node helper function is not an option at
this point in time, given 1) kmalloc is non-optional for higher order
allocations, and 2) passing __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL to the kmalloc would
stress the slab allocator too much for large requests.
The change has been tested with the workloads mentioned above and by
observing oom_kill value from /proc/vmstat.
[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20190310071318.GW5232@dhcp22.suse.cz/
Signed-off-by: Martynas Pumputis <m@lambda.lt>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20190318153940.GL8924@dhcp22.suse.cz/
Daniel Borkmann says:
====================
pull-request: bpf 2019-03-16
The following pull-request contains BPF updates for your *net* tree.
The main changes are:
1) Fix a umem memory leak on cleanup in AF_XDP, from Björn.
2) Fix BTF to properly resolve forward-declared enums into their corresponding
full enum definition types during deduplication, from Andrii.
3) Fix libbpf to reject invalid flags in xsk_socket__create(), from Magnus.
4) Fix accessing invalid pointer returned from bpf_tcp_sock() and
bpf_sk_fullsock() after bpf_sk_release() was called, from Martin.
5) Fix generation of load/store DW instructions in PPC JIT, from Naveen.
6) Various fixes in BPF helper function documentation in bpf.h UAPI header
used to bpf-helpers(7) man page, from Quentin.
7) Fix segfault in BPF test_progs when prog loading failed, from Yonghong.
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Lorenz Bauer [thanks!] reported that a ptr returned by bpf_tcp_sock(sk)
can still be accessed after bpf_sk_release(sk).
Both bpf_tcp_sock() and bpf_sk_fullsock() have the same issue.
This patch addresses them together.
A simple reproducer looks like this:
sk = bpf_sk_lookup_tcp();
/* if (!sk) ... */
tp = bpf_tcp_sock(sk);
/* if (!tp) ... */
bpf_sk_release(sk);
snd_cwnd = tp->snd_cwnd; /* oops! The verifier does not complain. */
The problem is the verifier did not scrub the register's states of
the tcp_sock ptr (tp) after bpf_sk_release(sk).
[ Note that when calling bpf_tcp_sock(sk), the sk is not always
refcount-acquired. e.g. bpf_tcp_sock(skb->sk). The verifier works
fine for this case. ]
Currently, the verifier does not track if a helper's return ptr (in REG_0)
is "carry"-ing one of its argument's refcount status. To carry this info,
the reg1->id needs to be stored in reg0.
One approach was tried, like "reg0->id = reg1->id", when calling
"bpf_tcp_sock()". The main idea was to avoid adding another "ref_obj_id"
for the same reg. However, overlapping the NULL marking and ref
tracking purpose in one "id" does not work well:
ref_sk = bpf_sk_lookup_tcp();
fullsock = bpf_sk_fullsock(ref_sk);
tp = bpf_tcp_sock(ref_sk);
if (!fullsock) {
bpf_sk_release(ref_sk);
return 0;
}
/* fullsock_reg->id is marked for NOT-NULL.
* Same for tp_reg->id because they have the same id.
*/
/* oops. verifier did not complain about the missing !tp check */
snd_cwnd = tp->snd_cwnd;
Hence, a new "ref_obj_id" is needed in "struct bpf_reg_state".
With a new ref_obj_id, when bpf_sk_release(sk) is called, the verifier can
scrub all reg states which has a ref_obj_id match. It is done with the
changes in release_reg_references() in this patch.
While fixing it, sk_to_full_sk() is removed from bpf_tcp_sock() and
bpf_sk_fullsock() to avoid these helpers from returning
another ptr. It will make bpf_sk_release(tp) possible:
sk = bpf_sk_lookup_tcp();
/* if (!sk) ... */
tp = bpf_tcp_sock(sk);
/* if (!tp) ... */
bpf_sk_release(tp);
A separate helper "bpf_get_listener_sock()" will be added in a later
patch to do sk_to_full_sk().
Misc change notes:
- To allow bpf_sk_release(tp), the arg of bpf_sk_release() is changed
from ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET to ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON. ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET
is removed from bpf.h since no helper is using it.
- arg_type_is_refcounted() is renamed to arg_type_may_be_refcounted()
because ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON is the only one and skb->sk is not
refcounted. All bpf_sk_release(), bpf_sk_fullsock() and bpf_tcp_sock()
take ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON.
- check_refcount_ok() ensures is_acquire_function() cannot take
arg_type_may_be_refcounted() as its argument.
- The check_func_arg() can only allow one refcount-ed arg. It is
guaranteed by check_refcount_ok() which ensures at most one arg can be
refcounted. Hence, it is a verifier internal error if >1 refcount arg
found in check_func_arg().
- In release_reference(), release_reference_state() is called
first to ensure a match on "reg->ref_obj_id" can be found before
scrubbing the reg states with release_reg_references().
- reg_is_refcounted() is no longer needed.
1. In mark_ptr_or_null_regs(), its usage is replaced by
"ref_obj_id && ref_obj_id == id" because,
when is_null == true, release_reference_state() should only be
called on the ref_obj_id obtained by a acquire helper (i.e.
is_acquire_function() == true). Otherwise, the following
would happen:
sk = bpf_sk_lookup_tcp();
/* if (!sk) { ... } */
fullsock = bpf_sk_fullsock(sk);
if (!fullsock) {
/*
* release_reference_state(fullsock_reg->ref_obj_id)
* where fullsock_reg->ref_obj_id == sk_reg->ref_obj_id.
*
* Hence, the following bpf_sk_release(sk) will fail
* because the ref state has already been released in the
* earlier release_reference_state(fullsock_reg->ref_obj_id).
*/
bpf_sk_release(sk);
}
2. In release_reg_references(), the current reg_is_refcounted() call
is unnecessary because the id check is enough.
- The type_is_refcounted() and type_is_refcounted_or_null()
are no longer needed also because reg_is_refcounted() is removed.
Fixes: 655a51e536 ("bpf: Add struct bpf_tcp_sock and BPF_FUNC_tcp_sock")
Reported-by: Lorenz Bauer <lmb@cloudflare.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Pull networking fixes from David Miller:
"First batch of fixes in the new merge window:
1) Double dst_cache free in act_tunnel_key, from Wenxu.
2) Avoid NULL deref in IN_DEV_MFORWARD() by failing early in the
ip_route_input_rcu() path, from Paolo Abeni.
3) Fix appletalk compile regression, from Arnd Bergmann.
4) If SLAB objects reach the TCP sendpage method we are in serious
trouble, so put a debugging check there. From Vasily Averin.
5) Memory leak in hsr layer, from Mao Wenan.
6) Only test GSO type on GSO packets, from Willem de Bruijn.
7) Fix crash in xsk_diag_put_umem(), from Eric Dumazet.
8) Fix VNIC mailbox length in nfp, from Dirk van der Merwe.
9) Fix race in ipv4 route exception handling, from Xin Long.
10) Missing DMA memory barrier in hns3 driver, from Jian Shen.
11) Use after free in __tcf_chain_put(), from Vlad Buslov.
12) Handle inet_csk_reqsk_queue_add() failures, from Guillaume Nault.
13) Return value correction when ip_mc_may_pull() fails, from Eric
Dumazet.
14) Use after free in x25_device_event(), also from Eric"
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net: (72 commits)
gro_cells: make sure device is up in gro_cells_receive()
vxlan: test dev->flags & IFF_UP before calling gro_cells_receive()
net/x25: fix use-after-free in x25_device_event()
isdn: mISDNinfineon: fix potential NULL pointer dereference
net: hns3: fix to stop multiple HNS reset due to the AER changes
ip: fix ip_mc_may_pull() return value
net: keep refcount warning in reqsk_free()
net: stmmac: Avoid one more sometimes uninitialized Clang warning
net: dsa: mv88e6xxx: Set correct interface mode for CPU/DSA ports
rxrpc: Fix client call queueing, waiting for channel
tcp: handle inet_csk_reqsk_queue_add() failures
net: ethernet: sun: Zero initialize class in default case in niu_add_ethtool_tcam_entry
8139too : Add support for U.S. Robotics USR997901A 10/100 Cardbus NIC
fou, fou6: avoid uninit-value in gue_err() and gue6_err()
net: sched: fix potential use-after-free in __tcf_chain_put()
vhost: silence an unused-variable warning
vsock/virtio: fix kernel panic from virtio_transport_reset_no_sock
connector: fix unsafe usage of ->real_parent
vxlan: do not need BH again in vxlan_cleanup()
net: hns3: add dma_rmb() for rx description
...
Non-zero imm value in the second part of the ldimm64 instruction for
BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD is invalid, and thus must be rejected. The map fd
only ever sits in the first instructions' imm field. None of the BPF
loaders known to us are using it, so risk of regression is minimal.
For clarity and consistency, the few insn->{src_reg,imm} occurrences
are rewritten into insn[0].{src_reg,imm}. Add a test case to the BPF
selftest suite as well.
Fixes: 0246e64d9a ("bpf: handle pseudo BPF_LD_IMM64 insn")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Pull perf updates from Ingo Molnar:
"Lots of tooling updates - too many to list, here's a few highlights:
- Various subcommand updates to 'perf trace', 'perf report', 'perf
record', 'perf annotate', 'perf script', 'perf test', etc.
- CPU and NUMA topology and affinity handling improvements,
- HW tracing and HW support updates:
- Intel PT updates
- ARM CoreSight updates
- vendor HW event updates
- BPF updates
- Tons of infrastructure updates, both on the build system and the
library support side
- Documentation updates.
- ... and lots of other changes, see the changelog for details.
Kernel side updates:
- Tighten up kprobes blacklist handling, reduce the number of places
where developers can install a kprobe and hang/crash the system.
- Fix/enhance vma address filter handling.
- Various PMU driver updates, small fixes and additions.
- refcount_t conversions
- BPF updates
- error code propagation enhancements
- misc other changes"
* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (238 commits)
perf script python: Add Python3 support to syscall-counts-by-pid.py
perf script python: Add Python3 support to syscall-counts.py
perf script python: Add Python3 support to stat-cpi.py
perf script python: Add Python3 support to stackcollapse.py
perf script python: Add Python3 support to sctop.py
perf script python: Add Python3 support to powerpc-hcalls.py
perf script python: Add Python3 support to net_dropmonitor.py
perf script python: Add Python3 support to mem-phys-addr.py
perf script python: Add Python3 support to failed-syscalls-by-pid.py
perf script python: Add Python3 support to netdev-times.py
perf tools: Add perf_exe() helper to find perf binary
perf script: Handle missing fields with -F +..
perf data: Add perf_data__open_dir_data function
perf data: Add perf_data__(create_dir|close_dir) functions
perf data: Fail check_backup in case of error
perf data: Make check_backup work over directories
perf tools: Add rm_rf_perf_data function
perf tools: Add pattern name checking to rm_rf
perf tools: Add depth checking to rm_rf
perf data: Add global path holder
...
Daniel Borkmann says:
====================
pull-request: bpf-next 2019-03-04
The following pull-request contains BPF updates for your *net-next* tree.
The main changes are:
1) Add AF_XDP support to libbpf. Rationale is to facilitate writing
AF_XDP applications by offering higher-level APIs that hide many
of the details of the AF_XDP uapi. Sample programs are converted
over to this new interface as well, from Magnus.
2) Introduce a new cant_sleep() macro for annotation of functions
that cannot sleep and use it in BPF_PROG_RUN() to assert that
BPF programs run under preemption disabled context, from Peter.
3) Introduce per BPF prog stats in order to monitor the usage
of BPF; this is controlled by kernel.bpf_stats_enabled sysctl
knob where monitoring tools can make use of this to efficiently
determine the average cost of programs, from Alexei.
4) Split up BPF selftest's test_progs similarly as we already
did with test_verifier. This allows to further reduce merge
conflicts in future and to get more structure into our
quickly growing BPF selftest suite, from Stanislav.
5) Fix a bug in BTF's dedup algorithm which can cause an infinite
loop in some circumstances; also various BPF doc fixes and
improvements, from Andrii.
6) Various BPF sample cleanups and migration to libbpf in order
to further isolate the old sample loader code (so we can get
rid of it at some point), from Jakub.
7) Add a new BPF helper for BPF cgroup skb progs that allows
to set ECN CE code point and a Host Bandwidth Manager (HBM)
sample program for limiting the bandwidth used by v2 cgroups,
from Lawrence.
8) Enable write access to skb->queue_mapping from tc BPF egress
programs in order to let BPF pick TX queue, from Jesper.
9) Fix a bug in BPF spinlock handling for map-in-map which did
not propagate spin_lock_off to the meta map, from Yonghong.
10) Fix a bug in the new per-CPU BPF prog counters to properly
initialize stats for each CPU, from Eric.
11) Add various BPF helper prototypes to selftest's bpf_helpers.h,
from Willem.
12) Fix various BPF samples bugs in XDP and tracing progs,
from Toke, Daniel and Yonghong.
13) Silence preemption splat in test_bpf after BPF_PROG_RUN()
enforces it now everywhere, from Anders.
14) Fix a signedness bug in libbpf's btf_dedup_ref_type() to
get error handling working, from Dan.
15) Fix bpftool documentation and auto-completion with regards
to stream_{verdict,parser} attach types, from Alban.
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Marek reported that he saw an issue with the below snippet in that
timing measurements where off when loaded as unpriv while results
were reasonable when loaded as privileged:
[...]
uint64_t a = bpf_ktime_get_ns();
uint64_t b = bpf_ktime_get_ns();
uint64_t delta = b - a;
if ((int64_t)delta > 0) {
[...]
Turns out there is a bug where a corner case is missing in the fix
d3bd7413e0 ("bpf: fix sanitation of alu op with pointer / scalar
type from different paths"), namely fixup_bpf_calls() only checks
whether aux has a non-zero alu_state, but it also needs to test for
the case of BPF_ALU_NON_POINTER since in both occasions we need to
skip the masking rewrite (as there is nothing to mask).
Fixes: d3bd7413e0 ("bpf: fix sanitation of alu op with pointer / scalar type from different paths")
Reported-by: Marek Majkowski <marek@cloudflare.com>
Reported-by: Arthur Fabre <afabre@cloudflare.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/CAJPywTJqP34cK20iLM5YmUMz9KXQOdu1-+BZrGMAGgLuBWz7fg@mail.gmail.com/T/
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
We need to iterate through all possible cpus.
Fixes: 492ecee892 ("bpf: enable program stats")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
In bpf/syscall.c, map_create() first set map->usercnt to 1, a file
descriptor is supposed to return to userspace. When bpf_map_new_fd()
fails, drop the refcount.
Fixes: bd5f5f4ecb ("bpf: Add BPF_MAP_GET_FD_BY_ID")
Signed-off-by: Peng Sun <sironhide0null@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Commit d83525ca62 ("bpf: introduce bpf_spin_lock")
introduced bpf_spin_lock and the field spin_lock_off
in kernel internal structure bpf_map has the following
meaning:
>=0 valid offset, <0 error
For every map created, the kernel will ensure
spin_lock_off has correct value.
Currently, bpf_map->spin_lock_off is not copied
from the inner map to the map_in_map inner_map_meta
during a map_in_map type map creation, so
inner_map_meta->spin_lock_off = 0.
This will give verifier wrong information that
inner_map has bpf_spin_lock and the bpf_spin_lock
is defined at offset 0. An access to offset 0
of a value pointer will trigger the following error:
bpf_spin_lock cannot be accessed directly by load/store
This patch fixed the issue by copy inner map's spin_lock_off
value to inner_map_meta->spin_lock_off.
Fixes: d83525ca62 ("bpf: introduce bpf_spin_lock")
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Return bpf program run_time_ns and run_cnt via bpf_prog_info
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
JITed BPF programs are indistinguishable from kernel functions, but unlike
kernel code BPF code can be changed often.
Typical approach of "perf record" + "perf report" profiling and tuning of
kernel code works just as well for BPF programs, but kernel code doesn't
need to be monitored whereas BPF programs do.
Users load and run large amount of BPF programs.
These BPF stats allow tools monitor the usage of BPF on the server.
The monitoring tools will turn sysctl kernel.bpf_stats_enabled
on and off for few seconds to sample average cost of the programs.
Aggregated data over hours and days will provide an insight into cost of BPF
and alarms can trigger in case given program suddenly gets more expensive.
The cost of two sched_clock() per program invocation adds ~20 nsec.
Fast BPF progs (like selftests/bpf/progs/test_pkt_access.c) will slow down
from ~10 nsec to ~30 nsec.
static_key minimizes the cost of the stats collection.
There is no measurable difference before/after this patch
with kernel.bpf_stats_enabled=0
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
In bpf/syscall.c, bpf_map_get_fd_by_id() use bpf_map_inc_not_zero()
to increase the refcount, both map->refcnt and map->usercnt. Then, if
bpf_map_new_fd() fails, should handle map->usercnt too.
Fixes: bd5f5f4ecb ("bpf: Add BPF_MAP_GET_FD_BY_ID")
Signed-off-by: Peng Sun <sironhide0null@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Three conflicts, one of which, for marvell10g.c is non-trivial and
requires some follow-up from Heiner or someone else.
The issue is that Heiner converted the marvell10g driver over to
use the generic c45 code as much as possible.
However, in 'net' a bug fix appeared which makes sure that a new
local mask (MDIO_AN_10GBT_CTRL_ADV_NBT_MASK) with value 0x01e0
is cleared.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
trie_delete_elem() was deleting an entry even though it was not matching
if the prefixlen was correct. This patch adds a check on matchlen.
Reproducer:
$ sudo bpftool map create /sys/fs/bpf/mylpm type lpm_trie key 8 value 1 entries 128 name mylpm flags 1
$ sudo bpftool map update pinned /sys/fs/bpf/mylpm key hex 10 00 00 00 aa bb cc dd value hex 01
$ sudo bpftool map dump pinned /sys/fs/bpf/mylpm
key: 10 00 00 00 aa bb cc dd value: 01
Found 1 element
$ sudo bpftool map delete pinned /sys/fs/bpf/mylpm key hex 10 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff
$ echo $?
0
$ sudo bpftool map dump pinned /sys/fs/bpf/mylpm
Found 0 elements
A similar reproducer is added in the selftests.
Without the patch:
$ sudo ./tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_lpm_map
test_lpm_map: test_lpm_map.c:485: test_lpm_delete: Assertion `bpf_map_delete_elem(map_fd, key) == -1 && errno == ENOENT' failed.
Aborted
With the patch: test_lpm_map runs without errors.
Fixes: e454cf5958 ("bpf: Implement map_delete_elem for BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE")
Cc: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alban Crequy <alban@kinvolk.io>
Acked-by: Craig Gallek <kraig@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Alexei Starovoitov says:
====================
pull-request: bpf-next 2019-02-16
The following pull-request contains BPF updates for your *net-next* tree.
The main changes are:
1) numerous libbpf API improvements, from Andrii, Andrey, Yonghong.
2) test all bpf progs in alu32 mode, from Jiong.
3) skb->sk access and bpf_sk_fullsock(), bpf_tcp_sock() helpers, from Martin.
4) support for IP encap in lwt bpf progs, from Peter.
5) remove XDP_QUERY_XSK_UMEM dead code, from Jan.
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Currently bpf_offload_dev does not have any priv pointer, forcing
the drivers to work backwards from the netdev in program metadata.
This is not great given programs are conceptually associated with
the offload device, and it means one or two unnecessary deferences.
Add a priv pointer to bpf_offload_dev.
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Reviewed-by: Quentin Monnet <quentin.monnet@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
This patch adds a helper function BPF_FUNC_tcp_sock and it
is currently available for cg_skb and sched_(cls|act):
struct bpf_tcp_sock *bpf_tcp_sock(struct bpf_sock *sk);
int cg_skb_foo(struct __sk_buff *skb) {
struct bpf_tcp_sock *tp;
struct bpf_sock *sk;
__u32 snd_cwnd;
sk = skb->sk;
if (!sk)
return 1;
tp = bpf_tcp_sock(sk);
if (!tp)
return 1;
snd_cwnd = tp->snd_cwnd;
/* ... */
return 1;
}
A 'struct bpf_tcp_sock' is also added to the uapi bpf.h to provide
read-only access. bpf_tcp_sock has all the existing tcp_sock's fields
that has already been exposed by the bpf_sock_ops.
i.e. no new tcp_sock's fields are exposed in bpf.h.
This helper returns a pointer to the tcp_sock. If it is not a tcp_sock
or it cannot be traced back to a tcp_sock by sk_to_full_sk(), it
returns NULL. Hence, the caller needs to check for NULL before
accessing it.
The current use case is to expose members from tcp_sock
to allow a cg_skb_bpf_prog to provide per cgroup traffic
policing/shaping.
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
In kernel, it is common to check "skb->sk && sk_fullsock(skb->sk)"
before accessing the fields in sock. For example, in __netdev_pick_tx:
static u16 __netdev_pick_tx(struct net_device *dev, struct sk_buff *skb,
struct net_device *sb_dev)
{
/* ... */
struct sock *sk = skb->sk;
if (queue_index != new_index && sk &&
sk_fullsock(sk) &&
rcu_access_pointer(sk->sk_dst_cache))
sk_tx_queue_set(sk, new_index);
/* ... */
return queue_index;
}
This patch adds a "struct bpf_sock *sk" pointer to the "struct __sk_buff"
where a few of the convert_ctx_access() in filter.c has already been
accessing the skb->sk sock_common's fields,
e.g. sock_ops_convert_ctx_access().
"__sk_buff->sk" is a PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON_OR_NULL in the verifier.
Some of the fileds in "bpf_sock" will not be directly
accessible through the "__sk_buff->sk" pointer. It is limited
by the new "bpf_sock_common_is_valid_access()".
e.g. The existing "type", "protocol", "mark" and "priority" in bpf_sock
are not allowed.
The newly added "struct bpf_sock *bpf_sk_fullsock(struct bpf_sock *sk)"
can be used to get a sk with all accessible fields in "bpf_sock".
This helper is added to both cg_skb and sched_(cls|act).
int cg_skb_foo(struct __sk_buff *skb) {
struct bpf_sock *sk;
sk = skb->sk;
if (!sk)
return 1;
sk = bpf_sk_fullsock(sk);
if (!sk)
return 1;
if (sk->family != AF_INET6 || sk->protocol != IPPROTO_TCP)
return 1;
/* some_traffic_shaping(); */
return 1;
}
(1) The sk is read only
(2) There is no new "struct bpf_sock_common" introduced.
(3) Future kernel sock's members could be added to bpf_sock only
instead of repeatedly adding at multiple places like currently
in bpf_sock_ops_md, bpf_sock_addr_md, sk_reuseport_md...etc.
(4) After "sk = skb->sk", the reg holding sk is in type
PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON_OR_NULL.
(5) After bpf_sk_fullsock(), the return type will be in type
PTR_TO_SOCKET_OR_NULL which is the same as the return type of
bpf_sk_lookup_xxx().
However, bpf_sk_fullsock() does not take refcnt. The
acquire_reference_state() is only depending on the return type now.
To avoid it, a new is_acquire_function() is checked before calling
acquire_reference_state().
(6) The WARN_ON in "release_reference_state()" is no longer an
internal verifier bug.
When reg->id is not found in state->refs[], it means the
bpf_prog does something wrong like
"bpf_sk_release(bpf_sk_fullsock(skb->sk))" where reference has
never been acquired by calling "bpf_sk_fullsock(skb->sk)".
A -EINVAL and a verbose are done instead of WARN_ON. A test is
added to the test_verifier in a later patch.
Since the WARN_ON in "release_reference_state()" is no longer
needed, "__release_reference_state()" is folded into
"release_reference_state()" also.
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
An ipvlan bug fix in 'net' conflicted with the abstraction away
of the IPV6 specific support in 'net-next'.
Similarly, a bug fix for mlx5 in 'net' conflicted with the flow
action conversion in 'net-next'.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Introduce BPF_F_LOCK flag for map_lookup and map_update syscall commands
and for map_update() helper function.
In all these cases take a lock of existing element (which was provided
in BTF description) before copying (in or out) the rest of map value.
Implementation details that are part of uapi:
Array:
The array map takes the element lock for lookup/update.
Hash:
hash map also takes the lock for lookup/update and tries to avoid the bucket lock.
If old element exists it takes the element lock and updates the element in place.
If element doesn't exist it allocates new one and inserts into hash table
while holding the bucket lock.
In rare case the hashmap has to take both the bucket lock and the element lock
to update old value in place.
Cgroup local storage:
It is similar to array. update in place and lookup are done with lock taken.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Introduce 'struct bpf_spin_lock' and bpf_spin_lock/unlock() helpers to let
bpf program serialize access to other variables.
Example:
struct hash_elem {
int cnt;
struct bpf_spin_lock lock;
};
struct hash_elem * val = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&hash_map, &key);
if (val) {
bpf_spin_lock(&val->lock);
val->cnt++;
bpf_spin_unlock(&val->lock);
}
Restrictions and safety checks:
- bpf_spin_lock is only allowed inside HASH and ARRAY maps.
- BTF description of the map is mandatory for safety analysis.
- bpf program can take one bpf_spin_lock at a time, since two or more can
cause dead locks.
- only one 'struct bpf_spin_lock' is allowed per map element.
It drastically simplifies implementation yet allows bpf program to use
any number of bpf_spin_locks.
- when bpf_spin_lock is taken the calls (either bpf2bpf or helpers) are not allowed.
- bpf program must bpf_spin_unlock() before return.
- bpf program can access 'struct bpf_spin_lock' only via
bpf_spin_lock()/bpf_spin_unlock() helpers.
- load/store into 'struct bpf_spin_lock lock;' field is not allowed.
- to use bpf_spin_lock() helper the BTF description of map value must be
a struct and have 'struct bpf_spin_lock anyname;' field at the top level.
Nested lock inside another struct is not allowed.
- syscall map_lookup doesn't copy bpf_spin_lock field to user space.
- syscall map_update and program map_update do not update bpf_spin_lock field.
- bpf_spin_lock cannot be on the stack or inside networking packet.
bpf_spin_lock can only be inside HASH or ARRAY map value.
- bpf_spin_lock is available to root only and to all program types.
- bpf_spin_lock is not allowed in inner maps of map-in-map.
- ld_abs is not allowed inside spin_lock-ed region.
- tracing progs and socket filter progs cannot use bpf_spin_lock due to
insufficient preemption checks
Implementation details:
- cgroup-bpf class of programs can nest with xdp/tc programs.
Hence bpf_spin_lock is equivalent to spin_lock_irqsave.
Other solutions to avoid nested bpf_spin_lock are possible.
Like making sure that all networking progs run with softirq disabled.
spin_lock_irqsave is the simplest and doesn't add overhead to the
programs that don't use it.
- arch_spinlock_t is used when its implemented as queued_spin_lock
- archs can force their own arch_spinlock_t
- on architectures where queued_spin_lock is not available and
sizeof(arch_spinlock_t) != sizeof(__u32) trivial lock is used.
- presence of bpf_spin_lock inside map value could have been indicated via
extra flag during map_create, but specifying it via BTF is cleaner.
It provides introspection for map key/value and reduces user mistakes.
Next steps:
- allow bpf_spin_lock in other map types (like cgroup local storage)
- introduce BPF_F_LOCK flag for bpf_map_update() syscall and helper
to request kernel to grab bpf_spin_lock before rewriting the value.
That will serialize access to map elements.
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
The map_lookup_elem used to not acquiring spinlock
in order to optimize the reader.
It was true until commit 557c0c6e7d ("bpf: convert stackmap to pre-allocation")
The syscall's map_lookup_elem(stackmap) calls bpf_stackmap_copy().
bpf_stackmap_copy() may find the elem no longer needed after the copy is done.
If that is the case, pcpu_freelist_push() saves this elem for reuse later.
This push requires a spinlock.
If a tracing bpf_prog got run in the middle of the syscall's
map_lookup_elem(stackmap) and this tracing bpf_prog is calling
bpf_get_stackid(stackmap) which also requires the same pcpu_freelist's
spinlock, it may end up with a dead lock situation as reported by
Eric Dumazet in https://patchwork.ozlabs.org/patch/1030266/
The situation is the same as the syscall's map_update_elem() which
needs to acquire the pcpu_freelist's spinlock and could race
with tracing bpf_prog. Hence, this patch fixes it by protecting
bpf_stackmap_copy() with this_cpu_inc(bpf_prog_active)
to prevent tracing bpf_prog from running.
A later syscall's map_lookup_elem commit f1a2e44a3a ("bpf: add queue and stack maps")
also acquires a spinlock and races with tracing bpf_prog similarly.
Hence, this patch is forward looking and protects the majority
of the map lookups. bpf_map_offload_lookup_elem() is the exception
since it is for network bpf_prog only (i.e. never called by tracing
bpf_prog).
Fixes: 557c0c6e7d ("bpf: convert stackmap to pre-allocation")
Reported-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Disabled preemption is necessary for proper access to per-cpu maps
from BPF programs.
But the sender side of socket filters didn't have preemption disabled:
unix_dgram_sendmsg->sk_filter->sk_filter_trim_cap->bpf_prog_run_save_cb->BPF_PROG_RUN
and a combination of af_packet with tun device didn't disable either:
tpacket_snd->packet_direct_xmit->packet_pick_tx_queue->ndo_select_queue->
tun_select_queue->tun_ebpf_select_queue->bpf_prog_run_clear_cb->BPF_PROG_RUN
Disable preemption before executing BPF programs (both classic and extended).
Reported-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Building with W=1 reveals some bitrot:
CC kernel/bpf/cgroup.o
kernel/bpf/cgroup.c:238: warning: Function parameter or member 'flags' not described in '__cgroup_bpf_attach'
kernel/bpf/cgroup.c:367: warning: Function parameter or member 'unused_flags' not described in '__cgroup_bpf_detach'
Add a kerneldoc line for 'flags'.
Fixing the warning for 'unused_flags' is best approached by
removing the unused parameter on the function call.
Signed-off-by: Valdis Kletnieks <valdis.kletnieks@vt.edu>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Over the years, the function signature has changed, but the
kerneldoc block hasn't.
Signed-off-by: Valdis Kletnieks <valdis.kletnieks@vt.edu>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Current implementation does not allow typedef func_proto.
But it is actually allowed.
-bash-4.4$ cat t.c
typedef int (f) (int);
f *g;
-bash-4.4$ clang -O2 -g -c -target bpf t.c -Xclang -target-feature -Xclang +dwarfris
-bash-4.4$ pahole -JV t.o
File t.o:
[1] PTR (anon) type_id=2
[2] TYPEDEF f type_id=3
[3] FUNC_PROTO (anon) return=4 args=(4 (anon))
[4] INT int size=4 bit_offset=0 nr_bits=32 encoding=SIGNED
-bash-4.4$
This patch related btf verifier to allow such (typedef func_proto)
patterns.
Fixes: 2667a2626f ("bpf: btf: Add BTF_KIND_FUNC and BTF_KIND_FUNC_PROTO")
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Daniel Borkmann says:
====================
pull-request: bpf-next 2019-01-29
The following pull-request contains BPF updates for your *net-next* tree.
The main changes are:
1) Teach verifier dead code removal, this also allows for optimizing /
removing conditional branches around dead code and to shrink the
resulting image. Code store constrained architectures like nfp would
have hard time doing this at JIT level, from Jakub.
2) Add JMP32 instructions to BPF ISA in order to allow for optimizing
code generation for 32-bit sub-registers. Evaluation shows that this
can result in code reduction of ~5-20% compared to 64 bit-only code
generation. Also add implementation for most JITs, from Jiong.
3) Add support for __int128 types in BTF which is also needed for
vmlinux's BTF conversion to work, from Yonghong.
4) Add a new command to bpftool in order to dump a list of BPF-related
parameters from the system or for a specific network device e.g. in
terms of available prog/map types or helper functions, from Quentin.
5) Add AF_XDP sock_diag interface for querying sockets from user
space which provides information about the RX/TX/fill/completion
rings, umem, memory usage etc, from Björn.
6) Add skb context access for skb_shared_info->gso_segs field, from Eric.
7) Add support for testing flow dissector BPF programs by extending
existing BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN infrastructure, from Stanislav.
8) Split BPF kselftest's test_verifier into various subgroups of tests
in order better deal with merge conflicts in this area, from Jakub.
9) Add support for queue/stack manipulations in bpftool, from Stanislav.
10) Document BTF, from Yonghong.
11) Dump supported ELF section names in libbpf on program load
failure, from Taeung.
12) Silence a false positive compiler warning in verifier's BTF
handling, from Peter.
13) Fix help string in bpftool's feature probing, from Prashant.
14) Remove duplicate includes in BPF kselftests, from Yue.
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This patch adds JIT blinds support for JMP32.
Like BPF_JMP_REG/IMM, JMP32 version are needed for building raw bpf insn.
They are added to both include/linux/filter.h and
tools/include/linux/filter.h.
Reviewed-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiong Wang <jiong.wang@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
This patch implements interpreting new JMP32 instructions.
Reviewed-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiong Wang <jiong.wang@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
This patch teaches disassembler about JMP32. There are two places to
update:
- Class 0x6 now used by BPF_JMP32, not "unused".
- BPF_JMP32 need to show comparison operands properly.
The disassemble format is to add an extra "(32)" before the operands if
it is a sub-register. A better disassemble format for both JMP32 and
ALU32 just show the register prefix as "w" instead of "r", this is the
format using by LLVM assembler.
Reviewed-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiong Wang <jiong.wang@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
This patch teach verifier about the new BPF_JMP32 instruction class.
Verifier need to treat it similar as the existing BPF_JMP class.
A BPF_JMP32 insn needs to go through all checks that have been done on
BPF_JMP.
Also, verifier is doing runtime optimizations based on the extra info
conditional jump instruction could offer, especially when the comparison is
between constant and register that the value range of the register could be
improved based on the comparison results. These code are updated
accordingly.
Acked-by: Jakub Kicinski <jakub.kicinski@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiong Wang <jiong.wang@netronome.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
