Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
The conversion of the hotplug locking to a percpu rwsem unearthed lock
ordering issues all over the place.
The jump_label code has two issues:
1) Nested get_online_cpus() invocations
2) Ordering problems vs. the cpus rwsem and the jump_label_mutex
To cure these, the following lock order has been established;
cpus_rwsem -> jump_label_lock -> text_mutex
Even if not all architectures need protection against CPU hotplug, taking
cpus_rwsem before jump_label_lock is now mandatory in code pathes which
actually modify code and therefor need text_mutex protection.
Move the get_online_cpus() invocations into the core jump label code and
establish the proper lock order where required.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Sebastian Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@akamai.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170524081549.025830817@linutronix.de
First of all, %*ph specifier allows to dump data in hex format using the
pointer to a buffer. This is suitable to use here.
Besides that Thomas suggested to move it to critical level and replace __FILE__
by explicit mention of "jumplabel".
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170110164354.47372-1-andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
alternative.h pulls in ptrace.h, which means that alternatives can't
be used in anything referenced from ptrace.h, which is a mess.
Break the dependency by pulling text patching helpers into their own
header.
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/99b93b13f2c9eb671f5c98bba4c2cbdc061293a2.1461698311.git.luto@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Since we've already stepped away from ENABLE is a JMP and DISABLE is a
NOP with the branch_default bits, and are going to make it even worse,
rename it to make it all clearer.
This way we don't mix multiple levels of logic attributes, but have a
plain 'physical' name for what the current instruction patching status
of a jump label is.
This is a first step in removing the naming confusion that has led to
a stream of avoidable bugs such as:
a833581e37 ("x86, perf: Fix static_key bug in load_mm_cr4()")
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
[ Beefed up the changelog. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
net_get_random_once(intrduced in the next patch) uses static_keys in
a way that they get enabled on boot-up instead of replaced with an
ideal_nop. So check for default_nop on initial enabling.
Other architectures don't check for this.
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Pull x86 jumplabel changes from Peter Anvin:
"One more x86 tree for this merge window. This tree improves the
handling of jump labels, so that most of the time we don't have to do
a massive initial patching run.
Furthermore, we will error out of the jump label is not what is
expected, eg if it has been corrupted or tampered with"
* 'x86/jumplabel' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/jump-label: Show where and what was wrong on errors
x86/jump-label: Add safety checks to jump label conversions
x86/jump-label: Do not bother updating nops if they are correct
x86/jump-label: Use best default nops for inital jump label calls
When modifying text sections for jump labels, a paranoid check is
performed. If the check fails, the system "bugs". But why it failed
is not shown.
The BUG_ON()s in the jump label update code is replaced with bug_at(ip).
This is a function that will show what pointer failed, and what was
at the location of the failure that made jump label panic.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
As with all modifying of kernel text, we need to be very paranoid.
When converting the jump label locations to and from nops to jumps
a check has been added to make sure what we are replacing is what we
expect, otherwise we bug.
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
On boot up, the jump label init function scans all the jump label locations
and converts them to the best nop for the machine. If the nop is already
the ideal nop, do not bother with changing it.
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Make jump labels use text_poke_bp() for text patching instead of
text_poke_smp(), avoiding the need for stop_machine().
Reviewed-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LNX.2.00.1307121120250.29788@pobox.suse.cz
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
WARNING: arch/x86/kernel/built-in.o(.text+0x4c71): Section mismatch in
reference from the function arch_jump_label_transform_static() to the
function .init.text:text_poke_early()
The function arch_jump_label_transform_static() references
the function __init text_poke_early().
This is often because arch_jump_label_transform_static lacks a __init
annotation or the annotation of text_poke_early is wrong.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-9lefe89mrvurrwpqw5h8xm8z@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This allows jump-label entries to be cheaply updated on code which is
not yet live.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
It is no longer used.
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Acked-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Clean up and unify the NOP selection infrastructure:
- Make the atomic 5-byte NOP a part of the selection system.
- Pick NOPs once during early boot and then be done with it.
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1303166160-10315-3-git-send-email-hpa@linux.intel.com
add x86 support for jump label. I'm keeping this patch separate so its clear
to arch maintainers what was required for x86 support this new feature.
Hopefully, it wouldn't be too painful for other archs.
Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <f838f49f40fbea0254036194be66dc48b598dcea.1284733808.git.jbaron@redhat.com>
[ cleaned up some formatting ]
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
