Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Machine checks are not really high frequency events. The extra two NOP5s for
the disabled tracepoints are noise vs. the heavy lifting which needs to be
done in the MCE handler.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170828064957.144301907@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
One include less is always a good thing(tm). Good riddance.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161209182912.2726-6-bp@alien8.de
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
- Use the more current logging style pr_<level>(...) instead of the old
printk(KERN_<LEVEL> ...).
- Convert pr_warning() to pr_warn().
Signed-off-by: Chen Yucong <slaoub@gmail.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1454384702-21707-1-git-send-email-slaoub@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
As requested by Linus add explicit __visible to the asmlinkage users.
This marks all functions visible to assembler.
Tree sweep for arch/x86/*
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1398984278-29319-3-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
[Purpose of this patch]
As Vaibhav explained in the thread below, tracepoints for irq vectors
are useful.
http://www.spinics.net/lists/mm-commits/msg85707.html
<snip>
The current interrupt traces from irq_handler_entry and irq_handler_exit
provide when an interrupt is handled. They provide good data about when
the system has switched to kernel space and how it affects the currently
running processes.
There are some IRQ vectors which trigger the system into kernel space,
which are not handled in generic IRQ handlers. Tracing such events gives
us the information about IRQ interaction with other system events.
The trace also tells where the system is spending its time. We want to
know which cores are handling interrupts and how they are affecting other
processes in the system. Also, the trace provides information about when
the cores are idle and which interrupts are changing that state.
<snip>
On the other hand, my usecase is tracing just local timer event and
getting a value of instruction pointer.
I suggested to add an argument local timer event to get instruction pointer before.
But there is another way to get it with external module like systemtap.
So, I don't need to add any argument to irq vector tracepoints now.
[Patch Description]
Vaibhav's patch shared a trace point ,irq_vector_entry/irq_vector_exit, in all events.
But there is an above use case to trace specific irq_vector rather than tracing all events.
In this case, we are concerned about overhead due to unwanted events.
So, add following tracepoints instead of introducing irq_vector_entry/exit.
so that we can enable them independently.
- local_timer_vector
- reschedule_vector
- call_function_vector
- call_function_single_vector
- irq_work_entry_vector
- error_apic_vector
- thermal_apic_vector
- threshold_apic_vector
- spurious_apic_vector
- x86_platform_ipi_vector
Also, introduce a logic switching IDT at enabling/disabling time so that a time penalty
makes a zero when tracepoints are disabled. Detailed explanations are as follows.
- Create trace irq handlers with entering_irq()/exiting_irq().
- Create a new IDT, trace_idt_table, at boot time by adding a logic to
_set_gate(). It is just a copy of original idt table.
- Register the new handlers for tracpoints to the new IDT by introducing
macros to alloc_intr_gate() called at registering time of irq_vector handlers.
- Add checking, whether irq vector tracing is on/off, into load_current_idt().
This has to be done below debug checking for these reasons.
- Switching to debug IDT may be kicked while tracing is enabled.
- On the other hands, switching to trace IDT is kicked only when debugging
is disabled.
In addition, the new IDT is created only when CONFIG_TRACING is enabled to avoid being
used for other purposes.
Signed-off-by: Seiji Aguchi <seiji.aguchi@hds.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/51C323ED.5050708@hds.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
When implementing tracepoints in interrupt handers, if the tracepoints are
simply added in the performance sensitive path of interrupt handers,
it may cause potential performance problem due to the time penalty.
To solve the problem, an idea is to prepare non-trace/trace irq handers and
switch their IDTs at the enabling/disabling time.
So, let's introduce entering_irq()/exiting_irq() for pre/post-
processing of each irq handler.
A way to use them is as follows.
Non-trace irq handler:
smp_irq_handler()
{
entering_irq(); /* pre-processing of this handler */
__smp_irq_handler(); /*
* common logic between non-trace and trace handlers
* in a vector.
*/
exiting_irq(); /* post-processing of this handler */
}
Trace irq_handler:
smp_trace_irq_handler()
{
entering_irq(); /* pre-processing of this handler */
trace_irq_entry(); /* tracepoint for irq entry */
__smp_irq_handler(); /*
* common logic between non-trace and trace handlers
* in a vector.
*/
trace_irq_exit(); /* tracepoint for irq exit */
exiting_irq(); /* post-processing of this handler */
}
If tracepoints can place outside entering_irq()/exiting_irq() as follows,
it looks cleaner.
smp_trace_irq_handler()
{
trace_irq_entry();
smp_irq_handler();
trace_irq_exit();
}
But it doesn't work.
The problem is with irq_enter/exit() being called. They must be called before
trace_irq_enter/exit(), because of the rcu_irq_enter() must be called before
any tracepoints are used, as tracepoints use rcu to synchronize.
As a possible alternative, we may be able to call irq_enter() first as follows
if irq_enter() can nest.
smp_trace_irq_hander()
{
irq_entry();
trace_irq_entry();
smp_irq_handler();
trace_irq_exit();
irq_exit();
}
But it doesn't work, either.
If irq_enter() is nested, it may have a time penalty because it has to check if it
was already called or not. The time penalty is not desired in performance sensitive
paths even if it is tiny.
Signed-off-by: Seiji Aguchi <seiji.aguchi@hds.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/51C3238D.9040706@hds.com
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Enable the 64bit MCE_INTEL code (CMCI, thermal interrupts) for 32bit NEW_MCE.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Hidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Impact: build fix
The APIC code rewrite in the x86 tree broke the x86/mce branch:
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/threshold.c: In function ‘mce_threshold_interrupt’:
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/threshold.c:24: error: implicit declaration of function ‘ack_APIC_irq’
Also tidy up the file a bit while at it.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: minor bugfix
The threshold handler on AMD (and soon on Intel) could be theoretically
reentered by the hardware. This could lead to corrupted events
because the machine check poll code assumes it is not reentered.
Move the APIC ACK to the end of the interrupt handler to let
the hardware avoid that.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Impact: cleanup; preparation for feature
The mce_amd_64 code has an own private MC threshold vector with an own
interrupt handler. Since Intel needs a similar handler
it makes sense to share the vector because both can not
be active at the same time.
I factored the common APIC handler code into a separate file which can
be used by both the Intel or AMD MC code.
This is needed for the next patch which adds an Intel specific
CMCI handler.
This patch should be a nop for AMD, it just moves some code
around.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
