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bpf: Introduce pseudo_btf_id

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Pseudo_btf_id is a type of ld_imm insn that associates a btf_id to a
ksym so that further dereferences on the ksym can use the BTF info
to validate accesses. Internally, when seeing a pseudo_btf_id ld insn,
the verifier reads the btf_id stored in the insn[0]'s imm field and
marks the dst_reg as PTR_TO_BTF_ID. The btf_id points to a VAR_KIND,
which is encoded in btf_vminux by pahole. If the VAR is not of a struct
type, the dst reg will be marked as PTR_TO_MEM instead of PTR_TO_BTF_ID
and the mem_size is resolved to the size of the VAR's type.

>From the VAR btf_id, the verifier can also read the address of the
ksym's corresponding kernel var from kallsyms and use that to fill
dst_reg.

Therefore, the proper functionality of pseudo_btf_id depends on (1)
kallsyms and (2) the encoding of kernel global VARs in pahole, which
should be available since pahole v1.18.

Signed-off-by: Hao Luo <haoluo@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200929235049.2533242-2-haoluo@google.com
This commit is contained in:
Hao Luo 2020-09-29 16:50:44 -07:00 committed by Alexei Starovoitov
parent 440c5752a3
commit 4976b718c3
6 changed files with 186 additions and 44 deletions
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7
include/linux/bpf_verifier.h
View File

@ -308,6 +308,13 @@ struct bpf_insn_aux_data {
u32 map_index; /* index into used_maps[] */
u32 map_off; /* offset from value base address */
};
struct {
enum bpf_reg_type reg_type; /* type of pseudo_btf_id */
union {
u32 btf_id; /* btf_id for struct typed var */
u32 mem_size; /* mem_size for non-struct typed var */
};
} btf_var;
};
u64 map_key_state; /* constant (32 bit) key tracking for maps */
int ctx_field_size; /* the ctx field size for load insn, maybe 0 */

15
include/linux/btf.h
View File

@ -145,6 +145,21 @@ static inline bool btf_type_is_func_proto(const struct btf_type *t)
return BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info) == BTF_KIND_FUNC_PROTO;
}
static inline bool btf_type_is_var(const struct btf_type *t)
{
return BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info) == BTF_KIND_VAR;
}
/* union is only a special case of struct:
* all its offsetof(member) == 0
*/
static inline bool btf_type_is_struct(const struct btf_type *t)
{
u8 kind = BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info);
return kind == BTF_KIND_STRUCT || kind == BTF_KIND_UNION;
}
static inline u16 btf_type_vlen(const struct btf_type *t)
{
return BTF_INFO_VLEN(t->info);

34
include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
View File

@ -356,18 +356,36 @@ enum bpf_link_type {
#define BPF_F_SLEEPABLE (1U << 4)
/* When BPF ldimm64's insn[0].src_reg != 0 then this can have
* two extensions:
* the following extensions:
*
* insn[0].src_reg: BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_VALUE
* insn[0].imm: map fd map fd
* insn[1].imm: 0 offset into value
* insn[0].off: 0 0
* insn[1].off: 0 0
* ldimm64 rewrite: address of map address of map[0]+offset
* verifier type: CONST_PTR_TO_MAP PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
* insn[0].src_reg: BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD
* insn[0].imm: map fd
* insn[1].imm: 0
* insn[0].off: 0
* insn[1].off: 0
* ldimm64 rewrite: address of map
* verifier type: CONST_PTR_TO_MAP
*/
#define BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD 1
/* insn[0].src_reg: BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_VALUE
* insn[0].imm: map fd
* insn[1].imm: offset into value
* insn[0].off: 0
* insn[1].off: 0
* ldimm64 rewrite: address of map[0]+offset
* verifier type: PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
*/
#define BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_VALUE 2
/* insn[0].src_reg: BPF_PSEUDO_BTF_ID
* insn[0].imm: kernel btd id of VAR
* insn[1].imm: 0
* insn[0].off: 0
* insn[1].off: 0
* ldimm64 rewrite: address of the kernel variable
* verifier type: PTR_TO_BTF_ID or PTR_TO_MEM, depending on whether the var
* is struct/union.
*/
#define BPF_PSEUDO_BTF_ID 3
/* when bpf_call->src_reg == BPF_PSEUDO_CALL, bpf_call->imm == pc-relative
* offset to another bpf function

15
kernel/bpf/btf.c
View File

@ -440,16 +440,6 @@ static bool btf_type_nosize_or_null(const struct btf_type *t)
return !t || btf_type_nosize(t);
}
/* union is only a special case of struct:
* all its offsetof(member) == 0
*/
static bool btf_type_is_struct(const struct btf_type *t)
{
u8 kind = BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info);
return kind == BTF_KIND_STRUCT || kind == BTF_KIND_UNION;
}
static bool __btf_type_is_struct(const struct btf_type *t)
{
return BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info) == BTF_KIND_STRUCT;
@ -460,11 +450,6 @@ static bool btf_type_is_array(const struct btf_type *t)
return BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info) == BTF_KIND_ARRAY;
}
static bool btf_type_is_var(const struct btf_type *t)
{
return BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info) == BTF_KIND_VAR;
}
static bool btf_type_is_datasec(const struct btf_type *t)
{
return BTF_INFO_KIND(t->info) == BTF_KIND_DATASEC;

125
kernel/bpf/verifier.c
View File

@ -7488,6 +7488,7 @@ static int check_ld_imm(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *insn)
{
struct bpf_insn_aux_data *aux = cur_aux(env);
struct bpf_reg_state *regs = cur_regs(env);
struct bpf_reg_state *dst_reg;
struct bpf_map *map;
int err;
@ -7504,25 +7505,44 @@ static int check_ld_imm(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_insn *insn)
if (err)
return err;
dst_reg = &regs[insn->dst_reg];
if (insn->src_reg == 0) {
u64 imm = ((u64)(insn + 1)->imm << 32) | (u32)insn->imm;
regs[insn->dst_reg].type = SCALAR_VALUE;
dst_reg->type = SCALAR_VALUE;
__mark_reg_known(&regs[insn->dst_reg], imm);
return 0;
}
if (insn->src_reg == BPF_PSEUDO_BTF_ID) {
mark_reg_known_zero(env, regs, insn->dst_reg);
dst_reg->type = aux->btf_var.reg_type;
switch (dst_reg->type) {
case PTR_TO_MEM:
dst_reg->mem_size = aux->btf_var.mem_size;
break;
case PTR_TO_BTF_ID:
dst_reg->btf_id = aux->btf_var.btf_id;
break;
default:
verbose(env, "bpf verifier is misconfigured\n");
return -EFAULT;
}
return 0;
}
map = env->used_maps[aux->map_index];
mark_reg_known_zero(env, regs, insn->dst_reg);
regs[insn->dst_reg].map_ptr = map;
dst_reg->map_ptr = map;
if (insn->src_reg == BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_VALUE) {
regs[insn->dst_reg].type = PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE;
regs[insn->dst_reg].off = aux->map_off;
dst_reg->type = PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE;
dst_reg->off = aux->map_off;
if (map_value_has_spin_lock(map))
regs[insn->dst_reg].id = ++env->id_gen;
dst_reg->id = ++env->id_gen;
} else if (insn->src_reg == BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD) {
regs[insn->dst_reg].type = CONST_PTR_TO_MAP;
dst_reg->type = CONST_PTR_TO_MAP;
} else {
verbose(env, "bpf verifier is misconfigured\n");
return -EINVAL;
@ -9424,6 +9444,73 @@ static int do_check(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
return 0;
}
/* replace pseudo btf_id with kernel symbol address */
static int check_pseudo_btf_id(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
struct bpf_insn *insn,
struct bpf_insn_aux_data *aux)
{
u32 type, id = insn->imm;
const struct btf_type *t;
const char *sym_name;
u64 addr;
if (!btf_vmlinux) {
verbose(env, "kernel is missing BTF, make sure CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF=y is specified in Kconfig.\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
if (insn[1].imm != 0) {
verbose(env, "reserved field (insn[1].imm) is used in pseudo_btf_id ldimm64 insn.\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
t = btf_type_by_id(btf_vmlinux, id);
if (!t) {
verbose(env, "ldimm64 insn specifies invalid btf_id %d.\n", id);
return -ENOENT;
}
if (!btf_type_is_var(t)) {
verbose(env, "pseudo btf_id %d in ldimm64 isn't KIND_VAR.\n",
id);
return -EINVAL;
}
sym_name = btf_name_by_offset(btf_vmlinux, t->name_off);
addr = kallsyms_lookup_name(sym_name);
if (!addr) {
verbose(env, "ldimm64 failed to find the address for kernel symbol '%s'.\n",
sym_name);
return -ENOENT;
}
insn[0].imm = (u32)addr;
insn[1].imm = addr >> 32;
type = t->type;
t = btf_type_skip_modifiers(btf_vmlinux, type, NULL);
if (!btf_type_is_struct(t)) {
const struct btf_type *ret;
const char *tname;
u32 tsize;
/* resolve the type size of ksym. */
ret = btf_resolve_size(btf_vmlinux, t, &tsize);
if (IS_ERR(ret)) {
tname = btf_name_by_offset(btf_vmlinux, t->name_off);
verbose(env, "ldimm64 unable to resolve the size of type '%s': %ld\n",
tname, PTR_ERR(ret));
return -EINVAL;
}
aux->btf_var.reg_type = PTR_TO_MEM;
aux->btf_var.mem_size = tsize;
} else {
aux->btf_var.reg_type = PTR_TO_BTF_ID;
aux->btf_var.btf_id = type;
}
return 0;
}
static int check_map_prealloc(struct bpf_map *map)
{
return (map->map_type != BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH &&
@ -9534,10 +9621,14 @@ static bool bpf_map_is_cgroup_storage(struct bpf_map *map)
map->map_type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_CGROUP_STORAGE);
}
/* look for pseudo eBPF instructions that access map FDs and
* replace them with actual map pointers
/* find and rewrite pseudo imm in ld_imm64 instructions:
*
* 1. if it accesses map FD, replace it with actual map pointer.
* 2. if it accesses btf_id of a VAR, replace it with pointer to the var.
*
* NOTE: btf_vmlinux is required for converting pseudo btf_id.
*/
static int replace_map_fd_with_map_ptr(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
static int resolve_pseudo_ldimm64(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
{
struct bpf_insn *insn = env->prog->insnsi;
int insn_cnt = env->prog->len;
@ -9578,6 +9669,14 @@ static int replace_map_fd_with_map_ptr(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
/* valid generic load 64-bit imm */
goto next_insn;
if (insn[0].src_reg == BPF_PSEUDO_BTF_ID) {
aux = &env->insn_aux_data[i];
err = check_pseudo_btf_id(env, insn, aux);
if (err)
return err;
goto next_insn;
}
/* In final convert_pseudo_ld_imm64() step, this is
* converted into regular 64-bit imm load insn.
*/
@ -11633,10 +11732,6 @@ int bpf_check(struct bpf_prog **prog, union bpf_attr *attr,
if (is_priv)
env->test_state_freq = attr->prog_flags & BPF_F_TEST_STATE_FREQ;
ret = replace_map_fd_with_map_ptr(env);
if (ret < 0)
goto skip_full_check;
if (bpf_prog_is_dev_bound(env->prog->aux)) {
ret = bpf_prog_offload_verifier_prep(env->prog);
if (ret)
@ -11662,6 +11757,10 @@ int bpf_check(struct bpf_prog **prog, union bpf_attr *attr,
if (ret)
goto skip_full_check;
ret = resolve_pseudo_ldimm64(env);
if (ret < 0)
goto skip_full_check;
ret = check_cfg(env);
if (ret < 0)
goto skip_full_check;

34
tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
View File

@ -356,18 +356,36 @@ enum bpf_link_type {
#define BPF_F_SLEEPABLE (1U << 4)
/* When BPF ldimm64's insn[0].src_reg != 0 then this can have
* two extensions:
* the following extensions:
*
* insn[0].src_reg: BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_VALUE
* insn[0].imm: map fd map fd
* insn[1].imm: 0 offset into value
* insn[0].off: 0 0
* insn[1].off: 0 0
* ldimm64 rewrite: address of map address of map[0]+offset
* verifier type: CONST_PTR_TO_MAP PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
* insn[0].src_reg: BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD
* insn[0].imm: map fd
* insn[1].imm: 0
* insn[0].off: 0
* insn[1].off: 0
* ldimm64 rewrite: address of map
* verifier type: CONST_PTR_TO_MAP
*/
#define BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD 1
/* insn[0].src_reg: BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_VALUE
* insn[0].imm: map fd
* insn[1].imm: offset into value
* insn[0].off: 0
* insn[1].off: 0
* ldimm64 rewrite: address of map[0]+offset
* verifier type: PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE
*/
#define BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_VALUE 2
/* insn[0].src_reg: BPF_PSEUDO_BTF_ID
* insn[0].imm: kernel btd id of VAR
* insn[1].imm: 0
* insn[0].off: 0
* insn[1].off: 0
* ldimm64 rewrite: address of the kernel variable
* verifier type: PTR_TO_BTF_ID or PTR_TO_MEM, depending on whether the var
* is struct/union.
*/
#define BPF_PSEUDO_BTF_ID 3
/* when bpf_call->src_reg == BPF_PSEUDO_CALL, bpf_call->imm == pc-relative
* offset to another bpf function