2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
#ifndef _LINUX__INIT_TASK_H
|
|
|
|
|
#define _LINUX__INIT_TASK_H
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-09-10 03:04:13 +07:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
|
2006-07-03 14:24:42 +07:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/irqflags.h>
|
2006-10-02 16:18:14 +07:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/utsname.h>
|
[PATCH] lockdep: core
Do 'make oldconfig' and accept all the defaults for new config options -
reboot into the kernel and if everything goes well it should boot up fine and
you should have /proc/lockdep and /proc/lockdep_stats files.
Typically if the lock validator finds some problem it will print out
voluminous debug output that begins with "BUG: ..." and which syslog output
can be used by kernel developers to figure out the precise locking scenario.
What does the lock validator do? It "observes" and maps all locking rules as
they occur dynamically (as triggered by the kernel's natural use of spinlocks,
rwlocks, mutexes and rwsems). Whenever the lock validator subsystem detects a
new locking scenario, it validates this new rule against the existing set of
rules. If this new rule is consistent with the existing set of rules then the
new rule is added transparently and the kernel continues as normal. If the
new rule could create a deadlock scenario then this condition is printed out.
When determining validity of locking, all possible "deadlock scenarios" are
considered: assuming arbitrary number of CPUs, arbitrary irq context and task
context constellations, running arbitrary combinations of all the existing
locking scenarios. In a typical system this means millions of separate
scenarios. This is why we call it a "locking correctness" validator - for all
rules that are observed the lock validator proves it with mathematical
certainty that a deadlock could not occur (assuming that the lock validator
implementation itself is correct and its internal data structures are not
corrupted by some other kernel subsystem). [see more details and conditionals
of this statement in include/linux/lockdep.h and
Documentation/lockdep-design.txt]
Furthermore, this "all possible scenarios" property of the validator also
enables the finding of complex, highly unlikely multi-CPU multi-context races
via single single-context rules, increasing the likelyhood of finding bugs
drastically. In practical terms: the lock validator already found a bug in
the upstream kernel that could only occur on systems with 3 or more CPUs, and
which needed 3 very unlikely code sequences to occur at once on the 3 CPUs.
That bug was found and reported on a single-CPU system (!). So in essence a
race will be found "piecemail-wise", triggering all the necessary components
for the race, without having to reproduce the race scenario itself! In its
short existence the lock validator found and reported many bugs before they
actually caused a real deadlock.
To further increase the efficiency of the validator, the mapping is not per
"lock instance", but per "lock-class". For example, all struct inode objects
in the kernel have inode->inotify_mutex. If there are 10,000 inodes cached,
then there are 10,000 lock objects. But ->inotify_mutex is a single "lock
type", and all locking activities that occur against ->inotify_mutex are
"unified" into this single lock-class. The advantage of the lock-class
approach is that all historical ->inotify_mutex uses are mapped into a single
(and as narrow as possible) set of locking rules - regardless of how many
different tasks or inode structures it took to build this set of rules. The
set of rules persist during the lifetime of the kernel.
To see the rough magnitude of checking that the lock validator does, here's a
portion of /proc/lockdep_stats, fresh after bootup:
lock-classes: 694 [max: 2048]
direct dependencies: 1598 [max: 8192]
indirect dependencies: 17896
all direct dependencies: 16206
dependency chains: 1910 [max: 8192]
in-hardirq chains: 17
in-softirq chains: 105
in-process chains: 1065
stack-trace entries: 38761 [max: 131072]
combined max dependencies: 2033928
hardirq-safe locks: 24
hardirq-unsafe locks: 176
softirq-safe locks: 53
softirq-unsafe locks: 137
irq-safe locks: 59
irq-unsafe locks: 176
The lock validator has observed 1598 actual single-thread locking patterns,
and has validated all possible 2033928 distinct locking scenarios.
More details about the design of the lock validator can be found in
Documentation/lockdep-design.txt, which can also found at:
http://redhat.com/~mingo/lockdep-patches/lockdep-design.txt
[bunk@stusta.de: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-07-03 14:24:50 +07:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/lockdep.h>
|
2009-03-26 07:55:00 +07:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/ftrace.h>
|
2006-10-02 16:18:20 +07:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/ipc.h>
|
2006-12-08 17:37:59 +07:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
|
2007-07-16 13:40:59 +07:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/user_namespace.h>
|
capabilities: implement per-process securebits
Filesystem capability support makes it possible to do away with (set)uid-0
based privilege and use capabilities instead. That is, with filesystem
support for capabilities but without this present patch, it is (conceptually)
possible to manage a system with capabilities alone and never need to obtain
privilege via (set)uid-0.
Of course, conceptually isn't quite the same as currently possible since few
user applications, certainly not enough to run a viable system, are currently
prepared to leverage capabilities to exercise privilege. Further, many
applications exist that may never get upgraded in this way, and the kernel
will continue to want to support their setuid-0 base privilege needs.
Where pure-capability applications evolve and replace setuid-0 binaries, it is
desirable that there be a mechanisms by which they can contain their
privilege. In addition to leveraging the per-process bounding and inheritable
sets, this should include suppressing the privilege of the uid-0 superuser
from the process' tree of children.
The feature added by this patch can be leveraged to suppress the privilege
associated with (set)uid-0. This suppression requires CAP_SETPCAP to
initiate, and only immediately affects the 'current' process (it is inherited
through fork()/exec()). This reimplementation differs significantly from the
historical support for securebits which was system-wide, unwieldy and which
has ultimately withered to a dead relic in the source of the modern kernel.
With this patch applied a process, that is capable(CAP_SETPCAP), can now drop
all legacy privilege (through uid=0) for itself and all subsequently
fork()'d/exec()'d children with:
prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, 0x2f);
This patch represents a no-op unless CONFIG_SECURITY_FILE_CAPABILITIES is
enabled at configure time.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix uninitialised var warning]
[serue@us.ibm.com: capabilities: use cap_task_prctl when !CONFIG_SECURITY]
Signed-off-by: Andrew G. Morgan <morgan@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Cc: Paul Moore <paul.moore@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-28 16:13:40 +07:00
|
|
|
#include <linux/securebits.h>
|
2007-09-12 16:55:17 +07:00
|
|
|
#include <net/net_namespace.h>
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
|
2010-12-01 01:51:33 +07:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
|
|
|
|
|
# define INIT_PUSHABLE_TASKS(tsk) \
|
|
|
|
|
.pushable_tasks = PLIST_NODE_INIT(tsk.pushable_tasks, MAX_PRIO),
|
|
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
|
# define INIT_PUSHABLE_TASKS(tsk)
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008-05-09 05:19:16 +07:00
|
|
|
extern struct files_struct init_files;
|
2008-12-26 12:35:37 +07:00
|
|
|
extern struct fs_struct init_fs;
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
|
2011-05-27 06:25:18 +07:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUPS
|
2011-12-13 09:12:21 +07:00
|
|
|
#define INIT_GROUP_RWSEM(sig) \
|
|
|
|
|
.group_rwsem = __RWSEM_INITIALIZER(sig.group_rwsem),
|
2011-05-27 06:25:18 +07:00
|
|
|
#else
|
2011-12-13 09:12:21 +07:00
|
|
|
#define INIT_GROUP_RWSEM(sig)
|
2011-05-27 06:25:18 +07:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
cpuset: mm: reduce large amounts of memory barrier related damage v3
Commit c0ff7453bb5c ("cpuset,mm: fix no node to alloc memory when
changing cpuset's mems") wins a super prize for the largest number of
memory barriers entered into fast paths for one commit.
[get|put]_mems_allowed is incredibly heavy with pairs of full memory
barriers inserted into a number of hot paths. This was detected while
investigating at large page allocator slowdown introduced some time
after 2.6.32. The largest portion of this overhead was shown by
oprofile to be at an mfence introduced by this commit into the page
allocator hot path.
For extra style points, the commit introduced the use of yield() in an
implementation of what looks like a spinning mutex.
This patch replaces the full memory barriers on both read and write
sides with a sequence counter with just read barriers on the fast path
side. This is much cheaper on some architectures, including x86. The
main bulk of the patch is the retry logic if the nodemask changes in a
manner that can cause a false failure.
While updating the nodemask, a check is made to see if a false failure
is a risk. If it is, the sequence number gets bumped and parallel
allocators will briefly stall while the nodemask update takes place.
In a page fault test microbenchmark, oprofile samples from
__alloc_pages_nodemask went from 4.53% of all samples to 1.15%. The
actual results were
3.3.0-rc3 3.3.0-rc3
rc3-vanilla nobarrier-v2r1
Clients 1 UserTime 0.07 ( 0.00%) 0.08 (-14.19%)
Clients 2 UserTime 0.07 ( 0.00%) 0.07 ( 2.72%)
Clients 4 UserTime 0.08 ( 0.00%) 0.07 ( 3.29%)
Clients 1 SysTime 0.70 ( 0.00%) 0.65 ( 6.65%)
Clients 2 SysTime 0.85 ( 0.00%) 0.82 ( 3.65%)
Clients 4 SysTime 1.41 ( 0.00%) 1.41 ( 0.32%)
Clients 1 WallTime 0.77 ( 0.00%) 0.74 ( 4.19%)
Clients 2 WallTime 0.47 ( 0.00%) 0.45 ( 3.73%)
Clients 4 WallTime 0.38 ( 0.00%) 0.37 ( 1.58%)
Clients 1 Flt/sec/cpu 497620.28 ( 0.00%) 520294.53 ( 4.56%)
Clients 2 Flt/sec/cpu 414639.05 ( 0.00%) 429882.01 ( 3.68%)
Clients 4 Flt/sec/cpu 257959.16 ( 0.00%) 258761.48 ( 0.31%)
Clients 1 Flt/sec 495161.39 ( 0.00%) 517292.87 ( 4.47%)
Clients 2 Flt/sec 820325.95 ( 0.00%) 850289.77 ( 3.65%)
Clients 4 Flt/sec 1020068.93 ( 0.00%) 1022674.06 ( 0.26%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 135.68 132.17
User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 164.2 160.13
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 123.46 120.87
The overall improvement is small but the System CPU time is much
improved and roughly in correlation to what oprofile reported (these
performance figures are without profiling so skew is expected). The
actual number of page faults is noticeably improved.
For benchmarks like kernel builds, the overall benefit is marginal but
the system CPU time is slightly reduced.
To test the actual bug the commit fixed I opened two terminals. The
first ran within a cpuset and continually ran a small program that
faulted 100M of anonymous data. In a second window, the nodemask of the
cpuset was continually randomised in a loop.
Without the commit, the program would fail every so often (usually
within 10 seconds) and obviously with the commit everything worked fine.
With this patch applied, it also worked fine so the fix should be
functionally equivalent.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-22 06:34:11 +07:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_CPUSETS
|
|
|
|
|
#define INIT_CPUSET_SEQ \
|
|
|
|
|
.mems_allowed_seq = SEQCNT_ZERO,
|
|
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
|
#define INIT_CPUSET_SEQ
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006-12-08 17:37:55 +07:00
|
|
|
#define INIT_SIGNALS(sig) { \
|
2010-05-27 04:43:24 +07:00
|
|
|
.nr_threads = 1, \
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
.wait_chldexit = __WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER(sig.wait_chldexit),\
|
2006-12-08 17:37:55 +07:00
|
|
|
.shared_pending = { \
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
.list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(sig.shared_pending.list), \
|
2006-12-08 17:37:55 +07:00
|
|
|
.signal = {{0}}}, \
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
.posix_timers = LIST_HEAD_INIT(sig.posix_timers), \
|
|
|
|
|
.cpu_timers = INIT_CPU_TIMERS(sig.cpu_timers), \
|
|
|
|
|
.rlim = INIT_RLIMITS, \
|
2009-02-05 18:24:16 +07:00
|
|
|
.cputimer = { \
|
|
|
|
|
.cputime = INIT_CPUTIME, \
|
|
|
|
|
.running = 0, \
|
2009-07-25 23:56:56 +07:00
|
|
|
.lock = __RAW_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(sig.cputimer.lock), \
|
2009-02-05 18:24:16 +07:00
|
|
|
}, \
|
2010-10-28 05:34:08 +07:00
|
|
|
.cred_guard_mutex = \
|
|
|
|
|
__MUTEX_INITIALIZER(sig.cred_guard_mutex), \
|
2011-12-13 09:12:21 +07:00
|
|
|
INIT_GROUP_RWSEM(sig) \
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006-10-02 16:18:06 +07:00
|
|
|
extern struct nsproxy init_nsproxy;
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
#define INIT_SIGHAND(sighand) { \
|
|
|
|
|
.count = ATOMIC_INIT(1), \
|
2010-05-27 04:44:12 +07:00
|
|
|
.action = { { { .sa_handler = SIG_DFL, } }, }, \
|
2006-07-03 14:24:34 +07:00
|
|
|
.siglock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(sighand.siglock), \
|
2007-09-21 02:40:16 +07:00
|
|
|
.signalfd_wqh = __WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER(sighand.signalfd_wqh), \
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
extern struct group_info init_groups;
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-05-11 12:23:00 +07:00
|
|
|
#define INIT_STRUCT_PID { \
|
|
|
|
|
.count = ATOMIC_INIT(1), \
|
|
|
|
|
.tasks = { \
|
pids: init_struct_pid.tasks should never see the swapper process
"statically initialize struct pid for swapper" commit 820e45db says:
Statically initialize a struct pid for the swapper process (pid_t == 0)
and attach it to init_task. This is needed so task_pid(), task_pgrp()
and task_session() interfaces work on the swapper process also.
OK, but:
- it doesn't make sense to add init_task.pids[].node into
init_struct_pid.tasks[], and in fact this just wrong.
idle threads are special, they shouldn't be visible on any
global list. In particular do_each_pid_task(init_struct_pid)
shouldn't see swapper.
This is the actual reason why kill(0, SIGKILL) from /sbin/init
(which starts with 0,0 special pids) crashes the kernel. The
signal sent to pgid/sid == 0 must never see idle threads, even
if the previous patch fixed the crash itself.
- we have other idle threads running on the non-boot CPUs, see
the next patch.
Change INIT_STRUCT_PID/INIT_PID_LINK to create the empty/unhashed
hlist_head/hlist_node. Like any other idle thread swapper can never exit,
so detach_pid()->__hlist_del() is not possible, but we could change
INIT_PID_LINK() to set pprev = &next if needed.
All we need is the valid swapper->pids[].pid == &init_struct_pid.
Reported-by: Mathias Krause <mathias.krause@secunet.com>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Mathias Krause <Mathias.Krause@secunet.com>
Acked-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-05-27 04:44:10 +07:00
|
|
|
{ .first = NULL }, \
|
|
|
|
|
{ .first = NULL }, \
|
|
|
|
|
{ .first = NULL }, \
|
2007-05-11 12:23:00 +07:00
|
|
|
}, \
|
2007-10-19 13:40:03 +07:00
|
|
|
.level = 0, \
|
|
|
|
|
.numbers = { { \
|
|
|
|
|
.nr = 0, \
|
|
|
|
|
.ns = &init_pid_ns, \
|
|
|
|
|
.pid_chain = { .next = NULL, .pprev = NULL }, \
|
|
|
|
|
}, } \
|
2007-05-11 12:23:00 +07:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#define INIT_PID_LINK(type) \
|
|
|
|
|
{ \
|
|
|
|
|
.node = { \
|
|
|
|
|
.next = NULL, \
|
pids: init_struct_pid.tasks should never see the swapper process
"statically initialize struct pid for swapper" commit 820e45db says:
Statically initialize a struct pid for the swapper process (pid_t == 0)
and attach it to init_task. This is needed so task_pid(), task_pgrp()
and task_session() interfaces work on the swapper process also.
OK, but:
- it doesn't make sense to add init_task.pids[].node into
init_struct_pid.tasks[], and in fact this just wrong.
idle threads are special, they shouldn't be visible on any
global list. In particular do_each_pid_task(init_struct_pid)
shouldn't see swapper.
This is the actual reason why kill(0, SIGKILL) from /sbin/init
(which starts with 0,0 special pids) crashes the kernel. The
signal sent to pgid/sid == 0 must never see idle threads, even
if the previous patch fixed the crash itself.
- we have other idle threads running on the non-boot CPUs, see
the next patch.
Change INIT_STRUCT_PID/INIT_PID_LINK to create the empty/unhashed
hlist_head/hlist_node. Like any other idle thread swapper can never exit,
so detach_pid()->__hlist_del() is not possible, but we could change
INIT_PID_LINK() to set pprev = &next if needed.
All we need is the valid swapper->pids[].pid == &init_struct_pid.
Reported-by: Mathias Krause <mathias.krause@secunet.com>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Mathias Krause <Mathias.Krause@secunet.com>
Acked-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-05-27 04:44:10 +07:00
|
|
|
.pprev = NULL, \
|
2007-05-11 12:23:00 +07:00
|
|
|
}, \
|
|
|
|
|
.pid = &init_struct_pid, \
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008-01-10 16:53:18 +07:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL
|
|
|
|
|
#define INIT_IDS \
|
2008-01-08 22:06:53 +07:00
|
|
|
.loginuid = -1, \
|
|
|
|
|
.sessionid = -1,
|
2008-01-10 16:53:18 +07:00
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
|
#define INIT_IDS
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
capabilities: introduce per-process capability bounding set
The capability bounding set is a set beyond which capabilities cannot grow.
Currently cap_bset is per-system. It can be manipulated through sysctl,
but only init can add capabilities. Root can remove capabilities. By
default it includes all caps except CAP_SETPCAP.
This patch makes the bounding set per-process when file capabilities are
enabled. It is inherited at fork from parent. Noone can add elements,
CAP_SETPCAP is required to remove them.
One example use of this is to start a safer container. For instance, until
device namespaces or per-container device whitelists are introduced, it is
best to take CAP_MKNOD away from a container.
The bounding set will not affect pP and pE immediately. It will only
affect pP' and pE' after subsequent exec()s. It also does not affect pI,
and exec() does not constrain pI'. So to really start a shell with no way
of regain CAP_MKNOD, you would do
prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP, CAP_MKNOD);
cap_t cap = cap_get_proc();
cap_value_t caparray[1];
caparray[0] = CAP_MKNOD;
cap_set_flag(cap, CAP_INHERITABLE, 1, caparray, CAP_DROP);
cap_set_proc(cap);
cap_free(cap);
The following test program will get and set the bounding
set (but not pI). For instance
./bset get
(lists capabilities in bset)
./bset drop cap_net_raw
(starts shell with new bset)
(use capset, setuid binary, or binary with
file capabilities to try to increase caps)
************************************************************
cap_bound.c
************************************************************
#include <sys/prctl.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifndef PR_CAPBSET_READ
#define PR_CAPBSET_READ 23
#endif
#ifndef PR_CAPBSET_DROP
#define PR_CAPBSET_DROP 24
#endif
int usage(char *me)
{
printf("Usage: %s get\n", me);
printf(" %s drop <capability>\n", me);
return 1;
}
#define numcaps 32
char *captable[numcaps] = {
"cap_chown",
"cap_dac_override",
"cap_dac_read_search",
"cap_fowner",
"cap_fsetid",
"cap_kill",
"cap_setgid",
"cap_setuid",
"cap_setpcap",
"cap_linux_immutable",
"cap_net_bind_service",
"cap_net_broadcast",
"cap_net_admin",
"cap_net_raw",
"cap_ipc_lock",
"cap_ipc_owner",
"cap_sys_module",
"cap_sys_rawio",
"cap_sys_chroot",
"cap_sys_ptrace",
"cap_sys_pacct",
"cap_sys_admin",
"cap_sys_boot",
"cap_sys_nice",
"cap_sys_resource",
"cap_sys_time",
"cap_sys_tty_config",
"cap_mknod",
"cap_lease",
"cap_audit_write",
"cap_audit_control",
"cap_setfcap"
};
int getbcap(void)
{
int comma=0;
unsigned long i;
int ret;
printf("i know of %d capabilities\n", numcaps);
printf("capability bounding set:");
for (i=0; i<numcaps; i++) {
ret = prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, i);
if (ret < 0)
perror("prctl");
else if (ret==1)
printf("%s%s", (comma++) ? ", " : " ", captable[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
int capdrop(char *str)
{
unsigned long i;
int found=0;
for (i=0; i<numcaps; i++) {
if (strcmp(captable[i], str) == 0) {
found=1;
break;
}
}
if (!found)
return 1;
if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP, i)) {
perror("prctl");
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc<2)
return usage(argv[0]);
if (strcmp(argv[1], "get")==0)
return getbcap();
if (strcmp(argv[1], "drop")!=0 || argc<3)
return usage(argv[0]);
if (capdrop(argv[2])) {
printf("unknown capability\n");
return 1;
}
return execl("/bin/bash", "/bin/bash", NULL);
}
************************************************************
[serue@us.ibm.com: fix typo]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew G. Morgan <morgan@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com>a
Signed-off-by: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serue@us.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-05 13:29:45 +07:00
|
|
|
|
2010-09-28 07:25:23 +07:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_RCU_BOOST
|
|
|
|
|
#define INIT_TASK_RCU_BOOST() \
|
|
|
|
|
.rcu_boost_mutex = NULL,
|
|
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
|
#define INIT_TASK_RCU_BOOST()
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
2009-08-23 03:56:53 +07:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU
|
2010-06-30 06:49:16 +07:00
|
|
|
#define INIT_TASK_RCU_TREE_PREEMPT() \
|
|
|
|
|
.rcu_blocked_node = NULL,
|
|
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
|
#define INIT_TASK_RCU_TREE_PREEMPT(tsk)
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU
|
rcu: Merge preemptable-RCU functionality into hierarchical RCU
Create a kernel/rcutree_plugin.h file that contains definitions
for preemptable RCU (or, under the #else branch of the #ifdef,
empty definitions for the classic non-preemptable semantics).
These definitions fit into plugins defined in kernel/rcutree.c
for this purpose.
This variant of preemptable RCU uses a new algorithm whose
read-side expense is roughly that of classic hierarchical RCU
under CONFIG_PREEMPT. This new algorithm's update-side expense
is similar to that of classic hierarchical RCU, and, in absence
of read-side preemption or blocking, is exactly that of classic
hierarchical RCU. Perhaps more important, this new algorithm
has a much simpler implementation, saving well over 1,000 lines
of code compared to mainline's implementation of preemptable
RCU, which will hopefully be retired in favor of this new
algorithm.
The simplifications are obtained by maintaining per-task
nesting state for running tasks, and using a simple
lock-protected algorithm to handle accounting when tasks block
within RCU read-side critical sections, making use of lessons
learned while creating numerous user-level RCU implementations
over the past 18 months.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josht@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
LKML-Reference: <12509746134003-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-08-23 03:56:52 +07:00
|
|
|
#define INIT_TASK_RCU_PREEMPT(tsk) \
|
|
|
|
|
.rcu_read_lock_nesting = 0, \
|
|
|
|
|
.rcu_read_unlock_special = 0, \
|
2010-06-30 06:49:16 +07:00
|
|
|
.rcu_node_entry = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.rcu_node_entry), \
|
2010-09-28 07:25:23 +07:00
|
|
|
INIT_TASK_RCU_TREE_PREEMPT() \
|
|
|
|
|
INIT_TASK_RCU_BOOST()
|
rcu: Merge preemptable-RCU functionality into hierarchical RCU
Create a kernel/rcutree_plugin.h file that contains definitions
for preemptable RCU (or, under the #else branch of the #ifdef,
empty definitions for the classic non-preemptable semantics).
These definitions fit into plugins defined in kernel/rcutree.c
for this purpose.
This variant of preemptable RCU uses a new algorithm whose
read-side expense is roughly that of classic hierarchical RCU
under CONFIG_PREEMPT. This new algorithm's update-side expense
is similar to that of classic hierarchical RCU, and, in absence
of read-side preemption or blocking, is exactly that of classic
hierarchical RCU. Perhaps more important, this new algorithm
has a much simpler implementation, saving well over 1,000 lines
of code compared to mainline's implementation of preemptable
RCU, which will hopefully be retired in favor of this new
algorithm.
The simplifications are obtained by maintaining per-task
nesting state for running tasks, and using a simple
lock-protected algorithm to handle accounting when tasks block
within RCU read-side critical sections, making use of lessons
learned while creating numerous user-level RCU implementations
over the past 18 months.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josht@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
LKML-Reference: <12509746134003-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-08-23 03:56:52 +07:00
|
|
|
#else
|
|
|
|
|
#define INIT_TASK_RCU_PREEMPT(tsk)
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008-11-14 06:39:16 +07:00
|
|
|
extern struct cred init_cred;
|
|
|
|
|
|
perf: Do the big rename: Performance Counters -> Performance Events
Bye-bye Performance Counters, welcome Performance Events!
In the past few months the perfcounters subsystem has grown out its
initial role of counting hardware events, and has become (and is
becoming) a much broader generic event enumeration, reporting, logging,
monitoring, analysis facility.
Naming its core object 'perf_counter' and naming the subsystem
'perfcounters' has become more and more of a misnomer. With pending
code like hw-breakpoints support the 'counter' name is less and
less appropriate.
All in one, we've decided to rename the subsystem to 'performance
events' and to propagate this rename through all fields, variables
and API names. (in an ABI compatible fashion)
The word 'event' is also a bit shorter than 'counter' - which makes
it slightly more convenient to write/handle as well.
Thanks goes to Stephane Eranian who first observed this misnomer and
suggested a rename.
User-space tooling and ABI compatibility is not affected - this patch
should be function-invariant. (Also, defconfigs were not touched to
keep the size down.)
This patch has been generated via the following script:
FILES=$(find * -type f | grep -vE 'oprofile|[^K]config')
sed -i \
-e 's/PERF_EVENT_/PERF_RECORD_/g' \
-e 's/PERF_COUNTER/PERF_EVENT/g' \
-e 's/perf_counter/perf_event/g' \
-e 's/nb_counters/nb_events/g' \
-e 's/swcounter/swevent/g' \
-e 's/tpcounter_event/tp_event/g' \
$FILES
for N in $(find . -name perf_counter.[ch]); do
M=$(echo $N | sed 's/perf_counter/perf_event/g')
mv $N $M
done
FILES=$(find . -name perf_event.*)
sed -i \
-e 's/COUNTER_MASK/REG_MASK/g' \
-e 's/COUNTER/EVENT/g' \
-e 's/\<event\>/event_id/g' \
-e 's/counter/event/g' \
-e 's/Counter/Event/g' \
$FILES
... to keep it as correct as possible. This script can also be
used by anyone who has pending perfcounters patches - it converts
a Linux kernel tree over to the new naming. We tried to time this
change to the point in time where the amount of pending patches
is the smallest: the end of the merge window.
Namespace clashes were fixed up in a preparatory patch - and some
stylistic fallout will be fixed up in a subsequent patch.
( NOTE: 'counters' are still the proper terminology when we deal
with hardware registers - and these sed scripts are a bit
over-eager in renaming them. I've undone some of that, but
in case there's something left where 'counter' would be
better than 'event' we can undo that on an individual basis
instead of touching an otherwise nicely automated patch. )
Suggested-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Reviewed-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-09-21 17:02:48 +07:00
|
|
|
#ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS
|
|
|
|
|
# define INIT_PERF_EVENTS(tsk) \
|
|
|
|
|
.perf_event_mutex = \
|
|
|
|
|
__MUTEX_INITIALIZER(tsk.perf_event_mutex), \
|
|
|
|
|
.perf_event_list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.perf_event_list),
|
2009-05-23 23:29:00 +07:00
|
|
|
#else
|
perf: Do the big rename: Performance Counters -> Performance Events
Bye-bye Performance Counters, welcome Performance Events!
In the past few months the perfcounters subsystem has grown out its
initial role of counting hardware events, and has become (and is
becoming) a much broader generic event enumeration, reporting, logging,
monitoring, analysis facility.
Naming its core object 'perf_counter' and naming the subsystem
'perfcounters' has become more and more of a misnomer. With pending
code like hw-breakpoints support the 'counter' name is less and
less appropriate.
All in one, we've decided to rename the subsystem to 'performance
events' and to propagate this rename through all fields, variables
and API names. (in an ABI compatible fashion)
The word 'event' is also a bit shorter than 'counter' - which makes
it slightly more convenient to write/handle as well.
Thanks goes to Stephane Eranian who first observed this misnomer and
suggested a rename.
User-space tooling and ABI compatibility is not affected - this patch
should be function-invariant. (Also, defconfigs were not touched to
keep the size down.)
This patch has been generated via the following script:
FILES=$(find * -type f | grep -vE 'oprofile|[^K]config')
sed -i \
-e 's/PERF_EVENT_/PERF_RECORD_/g' \
-e 's/PERF_COUNTER/PERF_EVENT/g' \
-e 's/perf_counter/perf_event/g' \
-e 's/nb_counters/nb_events/g' \
-e 's/swcounter/swevent/g' \
-e 's/tpcounter_event/tp_event/g' \
$FILES
for N in $(find . -name perf_counter.[ch]); do
M=$(echo $N | sed 's/perf_counter/perf_event/g')
mv $N $M
done
FILES=$(find . -name perf_event.*)
sed -i \
-e 's/COUNTER_MASK/REG_MASK/g' \
-e 's/COUNTER/EVENT/g' \
-e 's/\<event\>/event_id/g' \
-e 's/counter/event/g' \
-e 's/Counter/Event/g' \
$FILES
... to keep it as correct as possible. This script can also be
used by anyone who has pending perfcounters patches - it converts
a Linux kernel tree over to the new naming. We tried to time this
change to the point in time where the amount of pending patches
is the smallest: the end of the merge window.
Namespace clashes were fixed up in a preparatory patch - and some
stylistic fallout will be fixed up in a subsequent patch.
( NOTE: 'counters' are still the proper terminology when we deal
with hardware registers - and these sed scripts are a bit
over-eager in renaming them. I've undone some of that, but
in case there's something left where 'counter' would be
better than 'event' we can undo that on an individual basis
instead of touching an otherwise nicely automated patch. )
Suggested-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Reviewed-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-09-21 17:02:48 +07:00
|
|
|
# define INIT_PERF_EVENTS(tsk)
|
2009-05-23 23:29:00 +07:00
|
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011-10-27 04:14:16 +07:00
|
|
|
#define INIT_TASK_COMM "swapper"
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
/*
|
|
|
|
|
* INIT_TASK is used to set up the first task table, touch at
|
|
|
|
|
* your own risk!. Base=0, limit=0x1fffff (=2MB)
|
|
|
|
|
*/
|
|
|
|
|
#define INIT_TASK(tsk) \
|
|
|
|
|
{ \
|
|
|
|
|
.state = 0, \
|
2007-05-09 16:35:17 +07:00
|
|
|
.stack = &init_thread_info, \
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
.usage = ATOMIC_INIT(2), \
|
2008-07-25 15:47:37 +07:00
|
|
|
.flags = PF_KTHREAD, \
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
.prio = MAX_PRIO-20, \
|
|
|
|
|
.static_prio = MAX_PRIO-20, \
|
2006-06-27 16:54:51 +07:00
|
|
|
.normal_prio = MAX_PRIO-20, \
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
.policy = SCHED_NORMAL, \
|
|
|
|
|
.cpus_allowed = CPU_MASK_ALL, \
|
|
|
|
|
.mm = NULL, \
|
|
|
|
|
.active_mm = &init_mm, \
|
2008-04-20 00:45:00 +07:00
|
|
|
.se = { \
|
|
|
|
|
.group_node = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.se.group_node), \
|
|
|
|
|
}, \
|
2008-01-26 03:08:27 +07:00
|
|
|
.rt = { \
|
|
|
|
|
.run_list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.rt.run_list), \
|
2012-02-16 12:52:21 +07:00
|
|
|
.time_slice = RR_TIMESLICE, \
|
2008-01-26 03:08:30 +07:00
|
|
|
.nr_cpus_allowed = NR_CPUS, \
|
|
|
|
|
}, \
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
.tasks = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.tasks), \
|
2010-12-01 01:51:33 +07:00
|
|
|
INIT_PUSHABLE_TASKS(tsk) \
|
2008-03-25 08:36:23 +07:00
|
|
|
.ptraced = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.ptraced), \
|
|
|
|
|
.ptrace_entry = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.ptrace_entry), \
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
.real_parent = &tsk, \
|
|
|
|
|
.parent = &tsk, \
|
|
|
|
|
.children = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.children), \
|
|
|
|
|
.sibling = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.sibling), \
|
|
|
|
|
.group_leader = &tsk, \
|
2010-02-25 02:01:56 +07:00
|
|
|
RCU_INIT_POINTER(.real_cred, &init_cred), \
|
|
|
|
|
RCU_INIT_POINTER(.cred, &init_cred), \
|
2011-10-27 04:14:16 +07:00
|
|
|
.comm = INIT_TASK_COMM, \
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
.thread = INIT_THREAD, \
|
|
|
|
|
.fs = &init_fs, \
|
|
|
|
|
.files = &init_files, \
|
|
|
|
|
.signal = &init_signals, \
|
|
|
|
|
.sighand = &init_sighand, \
|
2006-10-02 16:18:06 +07:00
|
|
|
.nsproxy = &init_nsproxy, \
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
.pending = { \
|
|
|
|
|
.list = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.pending.list), \
|
|
|
|
|
.signal = {{0}}}, \
|
|
|
|
|
.blocked = {{0}}, \
|
2006-07-03 14:24:34 +07:00
|
|
|
.alloc_lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(tsk.alloc_lock), \
|
2009-12-18 04:23:24 +07:00
|
|
|
.journal_info = NULL, \
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
.cpu_timers = INIT_CPU_TIMERS(tsk.cpu_timers), \
|
2009-11-17 20:54:03 +07:00
|
|
|
.pi_lock = __RAW_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(tsk.pi_lock), \
|
2008-09-02 05:52:40 +07:00
|
|
|
.timer_slack_ns = 50000, /* 50 usec default slack */ \
|
2007-05-11 12:23:00 +07:00
|
|
|
.pids = { \
|
|
|
|
|
[PIDTYPE_PID] = INIT_PID_LINK(PIDTYPE_PID), \
|
|
|
|
|
[PIDTYPE_PGID] = INIT_PID_LINK(PIDTYPE_PGID), \
|
|
|
|
|
[PIDTYPE_SID] = INIT_PID_LINK(PIDTYPE_SID), \
|
|
|
|
|
}, \
|
2010-05-27 04:44:08 +07:00
|
|
|
.thread_group = LIST_HEAD_INIT(tsk.thread_group), \
|
2008-01-10 16:53:18 +07:00
|
|
|
INIT_IDS \
|
perf: Do the big rename: Performance Counters -> Performance Events
Bye-bye Performance Counters, welcome Performance Events!
In the past few months the perfcounters subsystem has grown out its
initial role of counting hardware events, and has become (and is
becoming) a much broader generic event enumeration, reporting, logging,
monitoring, analysis facility.
Naming its core object 'perf_counter' and naming the subsystem
'perfcounters' has become more and more of a misnomer. With pending
code like hw-breakpoints support the 'counter' name is less and
less appropriate.
All in one, we've decided to rename the subsystem to 'performance
events' and to propagate this rename through all fields, variables
and API names. (in an ABI compatible fashion)
The word 'event' is also a bit shorter than 'counter' - which makes
it slightly more convenient to write/handle as well.
Thanks goes to Stephane Eranian who first observed this misnomer and
suggested a rename.
User-space tooling and ABI compatibility is not affected - this patch
should be function-invariant. (Also, defconfigs were not touched to
keep the size down.)
This patch has been generated via the following script:
FILES=$(find * -type f | grep -vE 'oprofile|[^K]config')
sed -i \
-e 's/PERF_EVENT_/PERF_RECORD_/g' \
-e 's/PERF_COUNTER/PERF_EVENT/g' \
-e 's/perf_counter/perf_event/g' \
-e 's/nb_counters/nb_events/g' \
-e 's/swcounter/swevent/g' \
-e 's/tpcounter_event/tp_event/g' \
$FILES
for N in $(find . -name perf_counter.[ch]); do
M=$(echo $N | sed 's/perf_counter/perf_event/g')
mv $N $M
done
FILES=$(find . -name perf_event.*)
sed -i \
-e 's/COUNTER_MASK/REG_MASK/g' \
-e 's/COUNTER/EVENT/g' \
-e 's/\<event\>/event_id/g' \
-e 's/counter/event/g' \
-e 's/Counter/Event/g' \
$FILES
... to keep it as correct as possible. This script can also be
used by anyone who has pending perfcounters patches - it converts
a Linux kernel tree over to the new naming. We tried to time this
change to the point in time where the amount of pending patches
is the smallest: the end of the merge window.
Namespace clashes were fixed up in a preparatory patch - and some
stylistic fallout will be fixed up in a subsequent patch.
( NOTE: 'counters' are still the proper terminology when we deal
with hardware registers - and these sed scripts are a bit
over-eager in renaming them. I've undone some of that, but
in case there's something left where 'counter' would be
better than 'event' we can undo that on an individual basis
instead of touching an otherwise nicely automated patch. )
Suggested-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Reviewed-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-09-21 17:02:48 +07:00
|
|
|
INIT_PERF_EVENTS(tsk) \
|
2006-07-03 14:24:42 +07:00
|
|
|
INIT_TRACE_IRQFLAGS \
|
[PATCH] lockdep: core
Do 'make oldconfig' and accept all the defaults for new config options -
reboot into the kernel and if everything goes well it should boot up fine and
you should have /proc/lockdep and /proc/lockdep_stats files.
Typically if the lock validator finds some problem it will print out
voluminous debug output that begins with "BUG: ..." and which syslog output
can be used by kernel developers to figure out the precise locking scenario.
What does the lock validator do? It "observes" and maps all locking rules as
they occur dynamically (as triggered by the kernel's natural use of spinlocks,
rwlocks, mutexes and rwsems). Whenever the lock validator subsystem detects a
new locking scenario, it validates this new rule against the existing set of
rules. If this new rule is consistent with the existing set of rules then the
new rule is added transparently and the kernel continues as normal. If the
new rule could create a deadlock scenario then this condition is printed out.
When determining validity of locking, all possible "deadlock scenarios" are
considered: assuming arbitrary number of CPUs, arbitrary irq context and task
context constellations, running arbitrary combinations of all the existing
locking scenarios. In a typical system this means millions of separate
scenarios. This is why we call it a "locking correctness" validator - for all
rules that are observed the lock validator proves it with mathematical
certainty that a deadlock could not occur (assuming that the lock validator
implementation itself is correct and its internal data structures are not
corrupted by some other kernel subsystem). [see more details and conditionals
of this statement in include/linux/lockdep.h and
Documentation/lockdep-design.txt]
Furthermore, this "all possible scenarios" property of the validator also
enables the finding of complex, highly unlikely multi-CPU multi-context races
via single single-context rules, increasing the likelyhood of finding bugs
drastically. In practical terms: the lock validator already found a bug in
the upstream kernel that could only occur on systems with 3 or more CPUs, and
which needed 3 very unlikely code sequences to occur at once on the 3 CPUs.
That bug was found and reported on a single-CPU system (!). So in essence a
race will be found "piecemail-wise", triggering all the necessary components
for the race, without having to reproduce the race scenario itself! In its
short existence the lock validator found and reported many bugs before they
actually caused a real deadlock.
To further increase the efficiency of the validator, the mapping is not per
"lock instance", but per "lock-class". For example, all struct inode objects
in the kernel have inode->inotify_mutex. If there are 10,000 inodes cached,
then there are 10,000 lock objects. But ->inotify_mutex is a single "lock
type", and all locking activities that occur against ->inotify_mutex are
"unified" into this single lock-class. The advantage of the lock-class
approach is that all historical ->inotify_mutex uses are mapped into a single
(and as narrow as possible) set of locking rules - regardless of how many
different tasks or inode structures it took to build this set of rules. The
set of rules persist during the lifetime of the kernel.
To see the rough magnitude of checking that the lock validator does, here's a
portion of /proc/lockdep_stats, fresh after bootup:
lock-classes: 694 [max: 2048]
direct dependencies: 1598 [max: 8192]
indirect dependencies: 17896
all direct dependencies: 16206
dependency chains: 1910 [max: 8192]
in-hardirq chains: 17
in-softirq chains: 105
in-process chains: 1065
stack-trace entries: 38761 [max: 131072]
combined max dependencies: 2033928
hardirq-safe locks: 24
hardirq-unsafe locks: 176
softirq-safe locks: 53
softirq-unsafe locks: 137
irq-safe locks: 59
irq-unsafe locks: 176
The lock validator has observed 1598 actual single-thread locking patterns,
and has validated all possible 2033928 distinct locking scenarios.
More details about the design of the lock validator can be found in
Documentation/lockdep-design.txt, which can also found at:
http://redhat.com/~mingo/lockdep-patches/lockdep-design.txt
[bunk@stusta.de: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-07-03 14:24:50 +07:00
|
|
|
INIT_LOCKDEP \
|
2009-03-26 07:55:00 +07:00
|
|
|
INIT_FTRACE_GRAPH \
|
tracing: add same level recursion detection
The tracing infrastructure allows for recursion. That is, an interrupt
may interrupt the act of tracing an event, and that interrupt may very well
perform its own trace. This is a recursive trace, and is fine to do.
The problem arises when there is a bug, and the utility doing the trace
calls something that recurses back into the tracer. This recursion is not
caused by an external event like an interrupt, but by code that is not
expected to recurse. The result could be a lockup.
This patch adds a bitmask to the task structure that keeps track
of the trace recursion. To find the interrupt depth, the following
algorithm is used:
level = hardirq_count() + softirq_count() + in_nmi;
Here, level will be the depth of interrutps and softirqs, and even handles
the nmi. Then the corresponding bit is set in the recursion bitmask.
If the bit was already set, we know we had a recursion at the same level
and we warn about it and fail the writing to the buffer.
After the data has been committed to the buffer, we clear the bit.
No atomics are needed. The only races are with interrupts and they reset
the bitmask before returning anywy.
[ Impact: detect same irq level trace recursion ]
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2009-04-17 08:41:52 +07:00
|
|
|
INIT_TRACE_RECURSION \
|
rcu: Merge preemptable-RCU functionality into hierarchical RCU
Create a kernel/rcutree_plugin.h file that contains definitions
for preemptable RCU (or, under the #else branch of the #ifdef,
empty definitions for the classic non-preemptable semantics).
These definitions fit into plugins defined in kernel/rcutree.c
for this purpose.
This variant of preemptable RCU uses a new algorithm whose
read-side expense is roughly that of classic hierarchical RCU
under CONFIG_PREEMPT. This new algorithm's update-side expense
is similar to that of classic hierarchical RCU, and, in absence
of read-side preemption or blocking, is exactly that of classic
hierarchical RCU. Perhaps more important, this new algorithm
has a much simpler implementation, saving well over 1,000 lines
of code compared to mainline's implementation of preemptable
RCU, which will hopefully be retired in favor of this new
algorithm.
The simplifications are obtained by maintaining per-task
nesting state for running tasks, and using a simple
lock-protected algorithm to handle accounting when tasks block
within RCU read-side critical sections, making use of lessons
learned while creating numerous user-level RCU implementations
over the past 18 months.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com
Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com
Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca
Cc: josht@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com
Cc: niv@us.ibm.com
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org
LKML-Reference: <12509746134003-git-send-email->
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-08-23 03:56:52 +07:00
|
|
|
INIT_TASK_RCU_PREEMPT(tsk) \
|
cpuset: mm: reduce large amounts of memory barrier related damage v3
Commit c0ff7453bb5c ("cpuset,mm: fix no node to alloc memory when
changing cpuset's mems") wins a super prize for the largest number of
memory barriers entered into fast paths for one commit.
[get|put]_mems_allowed is incredibly heavy with pairs of full memory
barriers inserted into a number of hot paths. This was detected while
investigating at large page allocator slowdown introduced some time
after 2.6.32. The largest portion of this overhead was shown by
oprofile to be at an mfence introduced by this commit into the page
allocator hot path.
For extra style points, the commit introduced the use of yield() in an
implementation of what looks like a spinning mutex.
This patch replaces the full memory barriers on both read and write
sides with a sequence counter with just read barriers on the fast path
side. This is much cheaper on some architectures, including x86. The
main bulk of the patch is the retry logic if the nodemask changes in a
manner that can cause a false failure.
While updating the nodemask, a check is made to see if a false failure
is a risk. If it is, the sequence number gets bumped and parallel
allocators will briefly stall while the nodemask update takes place.
In a page fault test microbenchmark, oprofile samples from
__alloc_pages_nodemask went from 4.53% of all samples to 1.15%. The
actual results were
3.3.0-rc3 3.3.0-rc3
rc3-vanilla nobarrier-v2r1
Clients 1 UserTime 0.07 ( 0.00%) 0.08 (-14.19%)
Clients 2 UserTime 0.07 ( 0.00%) 0.07 ( 2.72%)
Clients 4 UserTime 0.08 ( 0.00%) 0.07 ( 3.29%)
Clients 1 SysTime 0.70 ( 0.00%) 0.65 ( 6.65%)
Clients 2 SysTime 0.85 ( 0.00%) 0.82 ( 3.65%)
Clients 4 SysTime 1.41 ( 0.00%) 1.41 ( 0.32%)
Clients 1 WallTime 0.77 ( 0.00%) 0.74 ( 4.19%)
Clients 2 WallTime 0.47 ( 0.00%) 0.45 ( 3.73%)
Clients 4 WallTime 0.38 ( 0.00%) 0.37 ( 1.58%)
Clients 1 Flt/sec/cpu 497620.28 ( 0.00%) 520294.53 ( 4.56%)
Clients 2 Flt/sec/cpu 414639.05 ( 0.00%) 429882.01 ( 3.68%)
Clients 4 Flt/sec/cpu 257959.16 ( 0.00%) 258761.48 ( 0.31%)
Clients 1 Flt/sec 495161.39 ( 0.00%) 517292.87 ( 4.47%)
Clients 2 Flt/sec 820325.95 ( 0.00%) 850289.77 ( 3.65%)
Clients 4 Flt/sec 1020068.93 ( 0.00%) 1022674.06 ( 0.26%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 135.68 132.17
User+Sys Time Running Test (seconds) 164.2 160.13
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 123.46 120.87
The overall improvement is small but the System CPU time is much
improved and roughly in correlation to what oprofile reported (these
performance figures are without profiling so skew is expected). The
actual number of page faults is noticeably improved.
For benchmarks like kernel builds, the overall benefit is marginal but
the system CPU time is slightly reduced.
To test the actual bug the commit fixed I opened two terminals. The
first ran within a cpuset and continually ran a small program that
faulted 100M of anonymous data. In a second window, the nodemask of the
cpuset was continually randomised in a loop.
Without the commit, the program would fail every so often (usually
within 10 seconds) and obviously with the commit everything worked fine.
With this patch applied, it also worked fine so the fix should be
functionally equivalent.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-22 06:34:11 +07:00
|
|
|
INIT_CPUSET_SEQ \
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#define INIT_CPU_TIMERS(cpu_timers) \
|
|
|
|
|
{ \
|
|
|
|
|
LIST_HEAD_INIT(cpu_timers[0]), \
|
|
|
|
|
LIST_HEAD_INIT(cpu_timers[1]), \
|
|
|
|
|
LIST_HEAD_INIT(cpu_timers[2]), \
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009-06-24 06:59:36 +07:00
|
|
|
/* Attach to the init_task data structure for proper alignment */
|
2010-02-20 07:03:35 +07:00
|
|
|
#define __init_task_data __attribute__((__section__(".data..init_task")))
|
2009-06-24 06:59:36 +07:00
|
|
|
|
2005-04-17 05:20:36 +07:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#endif
|