License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 21:07:57 +07:00
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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
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linux/compiler.h: Split into compiler.h and compiler_types.h
linux/compiler.h is included indirectly by linux/types.h via
uapi/linux/types.h -> uapi/linux/posix_types.h -> linux/stddef.h
-> uapi/linux/stddef.h and is needed to provide a proper definition of
offsetof.
Unfortunately, compiler.h requires a definition of
smp_read_barrier_depends() for defining lockless_dereference() and soon
for defining READ_ONCE(), which means that all
users of READ_ONCE() will need to include asm/barrier.h to avoid splats
such as:
In file included from include/uapi/linux/stddef.h:1:0,
from include/linux/stddef.h:4,
from arch/h8300/kernel/asm-offsets.c:11:
include/linux/list.h: In function 'list_empty':
>> include/linux/compiler.h:343:2: error: implicit declaration of function 'smp_read_barrier_depends' [-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
smp_read_barrier_depends(); /* Enforce dependency ordering from x */ \
^
A better alternative is to include asm/barrier.h in linux/compiler.h,
but this requires a type definition for "bool" on some architectures
(e.g. x86), which is defined later by linux/types.h. Type "bool" is also
used directly in linux/compiler.h, so the whole thing is pretty fragile.
This patch splits compiler.h in two: compiler_types.h contains type
annotations, definitions and the compiler-specific parts, whereas
compiler.h #includes compiler-types.h and additionally defines macros
such as {READ,WRITE.ACCESS}_ONCE().
uapi/linux/stddef.h and linux/linkage.h are then moved over to include
linux/compiler_types.h, which fixes the build for h8 and blackfin.
Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1508840570-22169-2-git-send-email-will.deacon@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-10-24 17:22:46 +07:00
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#ifndef __LINUX_COMPILER_TYPES_H
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2012-11-21 04:13:10 +07:00
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#error "Please don't include <linux/compiler-clang.h> directly, include <linux/compiler.h> instead."
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#endif
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/* Some compiler specific definitions are overwritten here
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* for Clang compiler
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*/
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#define uninitialized_var(x) x = *(&(x))
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2016-02-08 21:38:32 +07:00
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/* same as gcc, this was present in clang-2.6 so we can assume it works
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* with any version that can compile the kernel
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*/
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#define __UNIQUE_ID(prefix) __PASTE(__PASTE(__UNIQUE_ID_, prefix), __COUNTER__)
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include/linux/compiler-clang.h: handle randomizable anonymous structs
The GCC randomize layout plugin can randomize the member offsets of
sensitive kernel data structures. To use this feature, certain
annotations and members are added to the structures which affect the
member offsets even if this plugin is not used.
All of these structures are completely randomized, except for task_struct
which leaves out some of its members. All the other members are wrapped
within an anonymous struct with the __randomize_layout attribute. This is
done using the randomized_struct_fields_start and
randomized_struct_fields_end defines.
When the plugin is disabled, the behaviour of this attribute can vary
based on the GCC version. For GCC 5.1+, this attribute maps to
__designated_init otherwise it is just an empty define but the anonymous
structure is still present. For other compilers, both
randomized_struct_fields_start and randomized_struct_fields_end default
to empty defines meaning the anonymous structure is not introduced at
all.
So, if a module compiled with Clang, such as a BPF program, needs to
access task_struct fields such as pid and comm, the offsets of these
members as recognized by Clang are different from those recognized by
modules compiled with GCC. If GCC 4.6+ is used to build the kernel,
this can be solved by introducing appropriate defines for Clang so that
the anonymous structure is seen when determining the offsets for the
members.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171109064645.25581-1-sandipan@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Sandipan Das <sandipan@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-11-18 06:27:28 +07:00
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2018-02-07 06:36:03 +07:00
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/* all clang versions usable with the kernel support KASAN ABI version 5 */
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#define KASAN_ABI_VERSION 5
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/* emulate gcc's __SANITIZE_ADDRESS__ flag */
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#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
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#define __SANITIZE_ADDRESS__
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#endif
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2018-02-19 17:50:57 +07:00
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compiler.h: enable builtin overflow checkers and add fallback code
This adds wrappers for the __builtin overflow checkers present in gcc
5.1+ as well as fallback implementations for earlier compilers. It's not
that easy to implement the fully generic __builtin_X_overflow(T1 a, T2
b, T3 *d) in macros, so the fallback code assumes that T1, T2 and T3 are
the same. We obviously don't want the wrappers to have different
semantics depending on $GCC_VERSION, so we also insist on that even when
using the builtins.
There are a few problems with the 'a+b < a' idiom for checking for
overflow: For signed types, it relies on undefined behaviour and is
not actually complete (it doesn't check underflow;
e.g. INT_MIN+INT_MIN == 0 isn't caught). Due to type promotion it
is wrong for all types (signed and unsigned) narrower than
int. Similarly, when a and b does not have the same type, there are
subtle cases like
u32 a;
if (a + sizeof(foo) < a)
return -EOVERFLOW;
a += sizeof(foo);
where the test is always false on 64 bit platforms. Add to that that it
is not always possible to determine the types involved at a glance.
The new overflow.h is somewhat bulky, but that's mostly a result of
trying to be type-generic, complete (e.g. catching not only overflow
but also signed underflow) and not relying on undefined behaviour.
Linus is of course right [1] that for unsigned subtraction a-b, the
right way to check for overflow (underflow) is "b > a" and not
"__builtin_sub_overflow(a, b, &d)", but that's just one out of six cases
covered here, and included mostly for completeness.
So is it worth it? I think it is, if nothing else for the documentation
value of seeing
if (check_add_overflow(a, b, &d))
return -EGOAWAY;
do_stuff_with(d);
instead of the open-coded (and possibly wrong and/or incomplete and/or
UBsan-tickling)
if (a+b < a)
return -EGOAWAY;
do_stuff_with(a+b);
While gcc does recognize the 'a+b < a' idiom for testing unsigned add
overflow, it doesn't do nearly as good for unsigned multiplication
(there's also no single well-established idiom). So using
check_mul_overflow in kcalloc and friends may also make gcc generate
slightly better code.
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/11/2/658
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2018-05-08 05:36:27 +07:00
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/*
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* Not all versions of clang implement the the type-generic versions
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* of the builtin overflow checkers. Fortunately, clang implements
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* __has_builtin allowing us to avoid awkward version
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* checks. Unfortunately, we don't know which version of gcc clang
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* pretends to be, so the macro may or may not be defined.
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*/
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#if __has_builtin(__builtin_mul_overflow) && \
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__has_builtin(__builtin_add_overflow) && \
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__has_builtin(__builtin_sub_overflow)
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#define COMPILER_HAS_GENERIC_BUILTIN_OVERFLOW 1
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#endif
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2018-08-23 06:37:24 +07:00
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/* The following are for compatibility with GCC, from compiler-gcc.h,
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* and may be redefined here because they should not be shared with other
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* compilers, like ICC.
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*/
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#define barrier() __asm__ __volatile__("" : : : "memory")
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