linux_dsm_epyc7002/include/linux/livepatch.h

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/*
* livepatch.h - Kernel Live Patching Core
*
* Copyright (C) 2014 Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>
* Copyright (C) 2014 SUSE
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
* of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#ifndef _LINUX_LIVEPATCH_H_
#define _LINUX_LIVEPATCH_H_
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/ftrace.h>
livepatch: allow removal of a disabled patch Currently we do not allow patch module to unload since there is no method to determine if a task is still running in the patched code. The consistency model gives us the way because when the unpatching finishes we know that all tasks were marked as safe to call an original function. Thus every new call to the function calls the original code and at the same time no task can be somewhere in the patched code, because it had to leave that code to be marked as safe. We can safely let the patch module go after that. Completion is used for synchronization between module removal and sysfs infrastructure in a similar way to commit 942e443127e9 ("module: Fix mod->mkobj.kobj potentially freed too early"). Note that we still do not allow the removal for immediate model, that is no consistency model. The module refcount may increase in this case if somebody disables and enables the patch several times. This should not cause any harm. With this change a call to try_module_get() is moved to __klp_enable_patch from klp_register_patch to make module reference counting symmetric (module_put() is in a patch disable path) and to allow to take a new reference to a disabled module when being enabled. Finally, we need to be very careful about possible races between klp_unregister_patch(), kobject_put() functions and operations on the related sysfs files. kobject_put(&patch->kobj) must be called without klp_mutex. Otherwise, it might be blocked by enabled_store() that needs the mutex as well. In addition, enabled_store() must check if the patch was not unregisted in the meantime. There is no need to do the same for other kobject_put() callsites at the moment. Their sysfs operations neither take the lock nor they access any data that might be freed in the meantime. There was an attempt to use kobjects the right way and prevent these races by design. But it made the patch definition more complicated and opened another can of worms. See https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464018848-4303-1-git-send-email-pmladek@suse.com [Thanks to Petr Mladek for improving the commit message.] Signed-off-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-03-07 00:20:29 +07:00
#include <linux/completion.h>
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_LIVEPATCH)
#include <asm/livepatch.h>
livepatch: change to a per-task consistency model Change livepatch to use a basic per-task consistency model. This is the foundation which will eventually enable us to patch those ~10% of security patches which change function or data semantics. This is the biggest remaining piece needed to make livepatch more generally useful. This code stems from the design proposal made by Vojtech [1] in November 2014. It's a hybrid of kGraft and kpatch: it uses kGraft's per-task consistency and syscall barrier switching combined with kpatch's stack trace switching. There are also a number of fallback options which make it quite flexible. Patches are applied on a per-task basis, when the task is deemed safe to switch over. When a patch is enabled, livepatch enters into a transition state where tasks are converging to the patched state. Usually this transition state can complete in a few seconds. The same sequence occurs when a patch is disabled, except the tasks converge from the patched state to the unpatched state. An interrupt handler inherits the patched state of the task it interrupts. The same is true for forked tasks: the child inherits the patched state of the parent. Livepatch uses several complementary approaches to determine when it's safe to patch tasks: 1. The first and most effective approach is stack checking of sleeping tasks. If no affected functions are on the stack of a given task, the task is patched. In most cases this will patch most or all of the tasks on the first try. Otherwise it'll keep trying periodically. This option is only available if the architecture has reliable stacks (HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE). 2. The second approach, if needed, is kernel exit switching. A task is switched when it returns to user space from a system call, a user space IRQ, or a signal. It's useful in the following cases: a) Patching I/O-bound user tasks which are sleeping on an affected function. In this case you have to send SIGSTOP and SIGCONT to force it to exit the kernel and be patched. b) Patching CPU-bound user tasks. If the task is highly CPU-bound then it will get patched the next time it gets interrupted by an IRQ. c) In the future it could be useful for applying patches for architectures which don't yet have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. In this case you would have to signal most of the tasks on the system. However this isn't supported yet because there's currently no way to patch kthreads without HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. 3. For idle "swapper" tasks, since they don't ever exit the kernel, they instead have a klp_update_patch_state() call in the idle loop which allows them to be patched before the CPU enters the idle state. (Note there's not yet such an approach for kthreads.) All the above approaches may be skipped by setting the 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_patch' struct, which will disable per-task consistency and patch all tasks immediately. This can be useful if the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. Note that, even with this flag set, it's possible that some tasks may still be running with an old version of the function, until that function returns. There's also an 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_func' struct which allows you to specify that certain functions in the patch can be applied without per-task consistency. This might be useful if you want to patch a common function like schedule(), and the function change doesn't need consistency but the rest of the patch does. For architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE, the user must set patch->immediate which causes all tasks to be patched immediately. This option should be used with care, only when the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. In the future, architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE may be allowed to use per-task consistency if we can come up with another way to patch kthreads. The /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/transition file shows whether a patch is in transition. Only a single patch (the topmost patch on the stack) can be in transition at a given time. A patch can remain in transition indefinitely, if any of the tasks are stuck in the initial patch state. A transition can be reversed and effectively canceled by writing the opposite value to the /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/enabled file while the transition is in progress. Then all the tasks will attempt to converge back to the original patch state. [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141107140458.GA21774@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> # for the scheduler changes Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-02-14 08:42:40 +07:00
/* task patch states */
#define KLP_UNDEFINED -1
#define KLP_UNPATCHED 0
#define KLP_PATCHED 1
/**
* struct klp_func - function structure for live patching
* @old_name: name of the function to be patched
* @new_func: pointer to the patched function code
livepatch: add old_sympos as disambiguator field to klp_func Currently, patching objects with duplicate symbol names fail because the creation of the sysfs function directory collides with the previous attempt. Appending old_addr to the function name is problematic as it reveals the address of the function being patch to a normal user. Using the symbol's occurrence in kallsyms to postfix the function name in the sysfs directory solves the issue of having consistent unique names and ensuring that the address is not exposed to a normal user. In addition, using the symbol position as the user's method to disambiguate symbols instead of addr allows for disambiguating symbols in modules as well for both function addresses and for relocs. This also simplifies much of the code. Special handling for kASLR is no longer needed and can be removed. The klp_find_verify_func_addr function can be replaced by klp_find_object_symbol, and klp_verify_vmlinux_symbol and its callback can be removed completely. In cases of duplicate symbols, old_sympos will be used to disambiguate instead of old_addr. By default old_sympos will be 0, and patching will only succeed if the symbol is unique. Specifying a positive value will ensure that occurrence of the symbol in kallsyms for the patched object will be used for patching if it is valid. In addition, make old_addr an internal structure field not to be specified by the user. Finally, remove klp_find_verify_func_addr as it can be replaced by klp_find_object_symbol directly. Support for symbol position disambiguation for relocations is added in the next patch in this series. Signed-off-by: Chris J Arges <chris.j.arges@canonical.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-12-02 09:40:54 +07:00
* @old_sympos: a hint indicating which symbol position the old function
* can be found (optional)
* @old_addr: the address of the function being patched
* @kobj: kobject for sysfs resources
* @stack_node: list node for klp_ops func_stack list
* @old_size: size of the old function
* @new_size: size of the new function
* @patched: the func has been added to the klp_ops list
livepatch: change to a per-task consistency model Change livepatch to use a basic per-task consistency model. This is the foundation which will eventually enable us to patch those ~10% of security patches which change function or data semantics. This is the biggest remaining piece needed to make livepatch more generally useful. This code stems from the design proposal made by Vojtech [1] in November 2014. It's a hybrid of kGraft and kpatch: it uses kGraft's per-task consistency and syscall barrier switching combined with kpatch's stack trace switching. There are also a number of fallback options which make it quite flexible. Patches are applied on a per-task basis, when the task is deemed safe to switch over. When a patch is enabled, livepatch enters into a transition state where tasks are converging to the patched state. Usually this transition state can complete in a few seconds. The same sequence occurs when a patch is disabled, except the tasks converge from the patched state to the unpatched state. An interrupt handler inherits the patched state of the task it interrupts. The same is true for forked tasks: the child inherits the patched state of the parent. Livepatch uses several complementary approaches to determine when it's safe to patch tasks: 1. The first and most effective approach is stack checking of sleeping tasks. If no affected functions are on the stack of a given task, the task is patched. In most cases this will patch most or all of the tasks on the first try. Otherwise it'll keep trying periodically. This option is only available if the architecture has reliable stacks (HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE). 2. The second approach, if needed, is kernel exit switching. A task is switched when it returns to user space from a system call, a user space IRQ, or a signal. It's useful in the following cases: a) Patching I/O-bound user tasks which are sleeping on an affected function. In this case you have to send SIGSTOP and SIGCONT to force it to exit the kernel and be patched. b) Patching CPU-bound user tasks. If the task is highly CPU-bound then it will get patched the next time it gets interrupted by an IRQ. c) In the future it could be useful for applying patches for architectures which don't yet have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. In this case you would have to signal most of the tasks on the system. However this isn't supported yet because there's currently no way to patch kthreads without HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. 3. For idle "swapper" tasks, since they don't ever exit the kernel, they instead have a klp_update_patch_state() call in the idle loop which allows them to be patched before the CPU enters the idle state. (Note there's not yet such an approach for kthreads.) All the above approaches may be skipped by setting the 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_patch' struct, which will disable per-task consistency and patch all tasks immediately. This can be useful if the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. Note that, even with this flag set, it's possible that some tasks may still be running with an old version of the function, until that function returns. There's also an 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_func' struct which allows you to specify that certain functions in the patch can be applied without per-task consistency. This might be useful if you want to patch a common function like schedule(), and the function change doesn't need consistency but the rest of the patch does. For architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE, the user must set patch->immediate which causes all tasks to be patched immediately. This option should be used with care, only when the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. In the future, architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE may be allowed to use per-task consistency if we can come up with another way to patch kthreads. The /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/transition file shows whether a patch is in transition. Only a single patch (the topmost patch on the stack) can be in transition at a given time. A patch can remain in transition indefinitely, if any of the tasks are stuck in the initial patch state. A transition can be reversed and effectively canceled by writing the opposite value to the /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/enabled file while the transition is in progress. Then all the tasks will attempt to converge back to the original patch state. [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141107140458.GA21774@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> # for the scheduler changes Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-02-14 08:42:40 +07:00
* @transition: the func is currently being applied or reverted
*
* The patched and transition variables define the func's patching state. When
* patching, a func is always in one of the following states:
*
* patched=0 transition=0: unpatched
* patched=0 transition=1: unpatched, temporary starting state
* patched=1 transition=1: patched, may be visible to some tasks
* patched=1 transition=0: patched, visible to all tasks
*
* And when unpatching, it goes in the reverse order:
*
* patched=1 transition=0: patched, visible to all tasks
* patched=1 transition=1: patched, may be visible to some tasks
* patched=0 transition=1: unpatched, temporary ending state
* patched=0 transition=0: unpatched
*/
struct klp_func {
/* external */
const char *old_name;
void *new_func;
/*
livepatch: add old_sympos as disambiguator field to klp_func Currently, patching objects with duplicate symbol names fail because the creation of the sysfs function directory collides with the previous attempt. Appending old_addr to the function name is problematic as it reveals the address of the function being patch to a normal user. Using the symbol's occurrence in kallsyms to postfix the function name in the sysfs directory solves the issue of having consistent unique names and ensuring that the address is not exposed to a normal user. In addition, using the symbol position as the user's method to disambiguate symbols instead of addr allows for disambiguating symbols in modules as well for both function addresses and for relocs. This also simplifies much of the code. Special handling for kASLR is no longer needed and can be removed. The klp_find_verify_func_addr function can be replaced by klp_find_object_symbol, and klp_verify_vmlinux_symbol and its callback can be removed completely. In cases of duplicate symbols, old_sympos will be used to disambiguate instead of old_addr. By default old_sympos will be 0, and patching will only succeed if the symbol is unique. Specifying a positive value will ensure that occurrence of the symbol in kallsyms for the patched object will be used for patching if it is valid. In addition, make old_addr an internal structure field not to be specified by the user. Finally, remove klp_find_verify_func_addr as it can be replaced by klp_find_object_symbol directly. Support for symbol position disambiguation for relocations is added in the next patch in this series. Signed-off-by: Chris J Arges <chris.j.arges@canonical.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-12-02 09:40:54 +07:00
* The old_sympos field is optional and can be used to resolve
* duplicate symbol names in livepatch objects. If this field is zero,
* it is expected the symbol is unique, otherwise patching fails. If
* this value is greater than zero then that occurrence of the symbol
* in kallsyms for the given object is used.
*/
livepatch: add old_sympos as disambiguator field to klp_func Currently, patching objects with duplicate symbol names fail because the creation of the sysfs function directory collides with the previous attempt. Appending old_addr to the function name is problematic as it reveals the address of the function being patch to a normal user. Using the symbol's occurrence in kallsyms to postfix the function name in the sysfs directory solves the issue of having consistent unique names and ensuring that the address is not exposed to a normal user. In addition, using the symbol position as the user's method to disambiguate symbols instead of addr allows for disambiguating symbols in modules as well for both function addresses and for relocs. This also simplifies much of the code. Special handling for kASLR is no longer needed and can be removed. The klp_find_verify_func_addr function can be replaced by klp_find_object_symbol, and klp_verify_vmlinux_symbol and its callback can be removed completely. In cases of duplicate symbols, old_sympos will be used to disambiguate instead of old_addr. By default old_sympos will be 0, and patching will only succeed if the symbol is unique. Specifying a positive value will ensure that occurrence of the symbol in kallsyms for the patched object will be used for patching if it is valid. In addition, make old_addr an internal structure field not to be specified by the user. Finally, remove klp_find_verify_func_addr as it can be replaced by klp_find_object_symbol directly. Support for symbol position disambiguation for relocations is added in the next patch in this series. Signed-off-by: Chris J Arges <chris.j.arges@canonical.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-12-02 09:40:54 +07:00
unsigned long old_sympos;
/* internal */
livepatch: add old_sympos as disambiguator field to klp_func Currently, patching objects with duplicate symbol names fail because the creation of the sysfs function directory collides with the previous attempt. Appending old_addr to the function name is problematic as it reveals the address of the function being patch to a normal user. Using the symbol's occurrence in kallsyms to postfix the function name in the sysfs directory solves the issue of having consistent unique names and ensuring that the address is not exposed to a normal user. In addition, using the symbol position as the user's method to disambiguate symbols instead of addr allows for disambiguating symbols in modules as well for both function addresses and for relocs. This also simplifies much of the code. Special handling for kASLR is no longer needed and can be removed. The klp_find_verify_func_addr function can be replaced by klp_find_object_symbol, and klp_verify_vmlinux_symbol and its callback can be removed completely. In cases of duplicate symbols, old_sympos will be used to disambiguate instead of old_addr. By default old_sympos will be 0, and patching will only succeed if the symbol is unique. Specifying a positive value will ensure that occurrence of the symbol in kallsyms for the patched object will be used for patching if it is valid. In addition, make old_addr an internal structure field not to be specified by the user. Finally, remove klp_find_verify_func_addr as it can be replaced by klp_find_object_symbol directly. Support for symbol position disambiguation for relocations is added in the next patch in this series. Signed-off-by: Chris J Arges <chris.j.arges@canonical.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-12-02 09:40:54 +07:00
unsigned long old_addr;
struct kobject kobj;
struct list_head stack_node;
unsigned long old_size, new_size;
bool patched;
livepatch: change to a per-task consistency model Change livepatch to use a basic per-task consistency model. This is the foundation which will eventually enable us to patch those ~10% of security patches which change function or data semantics. This is the biggest remaining piece needed to make livepatch more generally useful. This code stems from the design proposal made by Vojtech [1] in November 2014. It's a hybrid of kGraft and kpatch: it uses kGraft's per-task consistency and syscall barrier switching combined with kpatch's stack trace switching. There are also a number of fallback options which make it quite flexible. Patches are applied on a per-task basis, when the task is deemed safe to switch over. When a patch is enabled, livepatch enters into a transition state where tasks are converging to the patched state. Usually this transition state can complete in a few seconds. The same sequence occurs when a patch is disabled, except the tasks converge from the patched state to the unpatched state. An interrupt handler inherits the patched state of the task it interrupts. The same is true for forked tasks: the child inherits the patched state of the parent. Livepatch uses several complementary approaches to determine when it's safe to patch tasks: 1. The first and most effective approach is stack checking of sleeping tasks. If no affected functions are on the stack of a given task, the task is patched. In most cases this will patch most or all of the tasks on the first try. Otherwise it'll keep trying periodically. This option is only available if the architecture has reliable stacks (HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE). 2. The second approach, if needed, is kernel exit switching. A task is switched when it returns to user space from a system call, a user space IRQ, or a signal. It's useful in the following cases: a) Patching I/O-bound user tasks which are sleeping on an affected function. In this case you have to send SIGSTOP and SIGCONT to force it to exit the kernel and be patched. b) Patching CPU-bound user tasks. If the task is highly CPU-bound then it will get patched the next time it gets interrupted by an IRQ. c) In the future it could be useful for applying patches for architectures which don't yet have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. In this case you would have to signal most of the tasks on the system. However this isn't supported yet because there's currently no way to patch kthreads without HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. 3. For idle "swapper" tasks, since they don't ever exit the kernel, they instead have a klp_update_patch_state() call in the idle loop which allows them to be patched before the CPU enters the idle state. (Note there's not yet such an approach for kthreads.) All the above approaches may be skipped by setting the 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_patch' struct, which will disable per-task consistency and patch all tasks immediately. This can be useful if the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. Note that, even with this flag set, it's possible that some tasks may still be running with an old version of the function, until that function returns. There's also an 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_func' struct which allows you to specify that certain functions in the patch can be applied without per-task consistency. This might be useful if you want to patch a common function like schedule(), and the function change doesn't need consistency but the rest of the patch does. For architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE, the user must set patch->immediate which causes all tasks to be patched immediately. This option should be used with care, only when the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. In the future, architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE may be allowed to use per-task consistency if we can come up with another way to patch kthreads. The /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/transition file shows whether a patch is in transition. Only a single patch (the topmost patch on the stack) can be in transition at a given time. A patch can remain in transition indefinitely, if any of the tasks are stuck in the initial patch state. A transition can be reversed and effectively canceled by writing the opposite value to the /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/enabled file while the transition is in progress. Then all the tasks will attempt to converge back to the original patch state. [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141107140458.GA21774@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> # for the scheduler changes Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-02-14 08:42:40 +07:00
bool transition;
};
struct klp_object;
/**
* struct klp_callbacks - pre/post live-(un)patch callback structure
* @pre_patch: executed before code patching
* @post_patch: executed after code patching
* @pre_unpatch: executed before code unpatching
* @post_unpatch: executed after code unpatching
* @post_unpatch_enabled: flag indicating if post-unpatch callback
* should run
*
* All callbacks are optional. Only the pre-patch callback, if provided,
* will be unconditionally executed. If the parent klp_object fails to
* patch for any reason, including a non-zero error status returned from
* the pre-patch callback, no further callbacks will be executed.
*/
struct klp_callbacks {
int (*pre_patch)(struct klp_object *obj);
void (*post_patch)(struct klp_object *obj);
void (*pre_unpatch)(struct klp_object *obj);
void (*post_unpatch)(struct klp_object *obj);
bool post_unpatch_enabled;
};
/**
* struct klp_object - kernel object structure for live patching
* @name: module name (or NULL for vmlinux)
* @funcs: function entries for functions to be patched in the object
* @callbacks: functions to be executed pre/post (un)patching
* @kobj: kobject for sysfs resources
* @mod: kernel module associated with the patched object
livepatch: change to a per-task consistency model Change livepatch to use a basic per-task consistency model. This is the foundation which will eventually enable us to patch those ~10% of security patches which change function or data semantics. This is the biggest remaining piece needed to make livepatch more generally useful. This code stems from the design proposal made by Vojtech [1] in November 2014. It's a hybrid of kGraft and kpatch: it uses kGraft's per-task consistency and syscall barrier switching combined with kpatch's stack trace switching. There are also a number of fallback options which make it quite flexible. Patches are applied on a per-task basis, when the task is deemed safe to switch over. When a patch is enabled, livepatch enters into a transition state where tasks are converging to the patched state. Usually this transition state can complete in a few seconds. The same sequence occurs when a patch is disabled, except the tasks converge from the patched state to the unpatched state. An interrupt handler inherits the patched state of the task it interrupts. The same is true for forked tasks: the child inherits the patched state of the parent. Livepatch uses several complementary approaches to determine when it's safe to patch tasks: 1. The first and most effective approach is stack checking of sleeping tasks. If no affected functions are on the stack of a given task, the task is patched. In most cases this will patch most or all of the tasks on the first try. Otherwise it'll keep trying periodically. This option is only available if the architecture has reliable stacks (HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE). 2. The second approach, if needed, is kernel exit switching. A task is switched when it returns to user space from a system call, a user space IRQ, or a signal. It's useful in the following cases: a) Patching I/O-bound user tasks which are sleeping on an affected function. In this case you have to send SIGSTOP and SIGCONT to force it to exit the kernel and be patched. b) Patching CPU-bound user tasks. If the task is highly CPU-bound then it will get patched the next time it gets interrupted by an IRQ. c) In the future it could be useful for applying patches for architectures which don't yet have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. In this case you would have to signal most of the tasks on the system. However this isn't supported yet because there's currently no way to patch kthreads without HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. 3. For idle "swapper" tasks, since they don't ever exit the kernel, they instead have a klp_update_patch_state() call in the idle loop which allows them to be patched before the CPU enters the idle state. (Note there's not yet such an approach for kthreads.) All the above approaches may be skipped by setting the 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_patch' struct, which will disable per-task consistency and patch all tasks immediately. This can be useful if the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. Note that, even with this flag set, it's possible that some tasks may still be running with an old version of the function, until that function returns. There's also an 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_func' struct which allows you to specify that certain functions in the patch can be applied without per-task consistency. This might be useful if you want to patch a common function like schedule(), and the function change doesn't need consistency but the rest of the patch does. For architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE, the user must set patch->immediate which causes all tasks to be patched immediately. This option should be used with care, only when the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. In the future, architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE may be allowed to use per-task consistency if we can come up with another way to patch kthreads. The /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/transition file shows whether a patch is in transition. Only a single patch (the topmost patch on the stack) can be in transition at a given time. A patch can remain in transition indefinitely, if any of the tasks are stuck in the initial patch state. A transition can be reversed and effectively canceled by writing the opposite value to the /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/enabled file while the transition is in progress. Then all the tasks will attempt to converge back to the original patch state. [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141107140458.GA21774@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> # for the scheduler changes Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-02-14 08:42:40 +07:00
* (NULL for vmlinux)
* @patched: the object's funcs have been added to the klp_ops list
*/
struct klp_object {
/* external */
const char *name;
struct klp_func *funcs;
struct klp_callbacks callbacks;
/* internal */
struct kobject kobj;
struct module *mod;
bool patched;
};
/**
* struct klp_patch - patch structure for live patching
* @mod: reference to the live patch module
* @objs: object entries for kernel objects to be patched
* @list: list node for global list of registered patches
* @kobj: kobject for sysfs resources
* @enabled: the patch is enabled (but operation may be incomplete)
livepatch: allow removal of a disabled patch Currently we do not allow patch module to unload since there is no method to determine if a task is still running in the patched code. The consistency model gives us the way because when the unpatching finishes we know that all tasks were marked as safe to call an original function. Thus every new call to the function calls the original code and at the same time no task can be somewhere in the patched code, because it had to leave that code to be marked as safe. We can safely let the patch module go after that. Completion is used for synchronization between module removal and sysfs infrastructure in a similar way to commit 942e443127e9 ("module: Fix mod->mkobj.kobj potentially freed too early"). Note that we still do not allow the removal for immediate model, that is no consistency model. The module refcount may increase in this case if somebody disables and enables the patch several times. This should not cause any harm. With this change a call to try_module_get() is moved to __klp_enable_patch from klp_register_patch to make module reference counting symmetric (module_put() is in a patch disable path) and to allow to take a new reference to a disabled module when being enabled. Finally, we need to be very careful about possible races between klp_unregister_patch(), kobject_put() functions and operations on the related sysfs files. kobject_put(&patch->kobj) must be called without klp_mutex. Otherwise, it might be blocked by enabled_store() that needs the mutex as well. In addition, enabled_store() must check if the patch was not unregisted in the meantime. There is no need to do the same for other kobject_put() callsites at the moment. Their sysfs operations neither take the lock nor they access any data that might be freed in the meantime. There was an attempt to use kobjects the right way and prevent these races by design. But it made the patch definition more complicated and opened another can of worms. See https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464018848-4303-1-git-send-email-pmladek@suse.com [Thanks to Petr Mladek for improving the commit message.] Signed-off-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-03-07 00:20:29 +07:00
* @finish: for waiting till it is safe to remove the patch module
*/
struct klp_patch {
/* external */
struct module *mod;
struct klp_object *objs;
/* internal */
struct list_head list;
struct kobject kobj;
bool enabled;
livepatch: allow removal of a disabled patch Currently we do not allow patch module to unload since there is no method to determine if a task is still running in the patched code. The consistency model gives us the way because when the unpatching finishes we know that all tasks were marked as safe to call an original function. Thus every new call to the function calls the original code and at the same time no task can be somewhere in the patched code, because it had to leave that code to be marked as safe. We can safely let the patch module go after that. Completion is used for synchronization between module removal and sysfs infrastructure in a similar way to commit 942e443127e9 ("module: Fix mod->mkobj.kobj potentially freed too early"). Note that we still do not allow the removal for immediate model, that is no consistency model. The module refcount may increase in this case if somebody disables and enables the patch several times. This should not cause any harm. With this change a call to try_module_get() is moved to __klp_enable_patch from klp_register_patch to make module reference counting symmetric (module_put() is in a patch disable path) and to allow to take a new reference to a disabled module when being enabled. Finally, we need to be very careful about possible races between klp_unregister_patch(), kobject_put() functions and operations on the related sysfs files. kobject_put(&patch->kobj) must be called without klp_mutex. Otherwise, it might be blocked by enabled_store() that needs the mutex as well. In addition, enabled_store() must check if the patch was not unregisted in the meantime. There is no need to do the same for other kobject_put() callsites at the moment. Their sysfs operations neither take the lock nor they access any data that might be freed in the meantime. There was an attempt to use kobjects the right way and prevent these races by design. But it made the patch definition more complicated and opened another can of worms. See https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464018848-4303-1-git-send-email-pmladek@suse.com [Thanks to Petr Mladek for improving the commit message.] Signed-off-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-03-07 00:20:29 +07:00
struct completion finish;
};
#define klp_for_each_object(patch, obj) \
for (obj = patch->objs; obj->funcs || obj->name; obj++)
#define klp_for_each_func(obj, func) \
for (func = obj->funcs; \
func->old_name || func->new_func || func->old_sympos; \
func++)
int klp_register_patch(struct klp_patch *);
int klp_unregister_patch(struct klp_patch *);
int klp_enable_patch(struct klp_patch *);
int klp_disable_patch(struct klp_patch *);
void arch_klp_init_object_loaded(struct klp_patch *patch,
struct klp_object *obj);
/* Called from the module loader during module coming/going states */
int klp_module_coming(struct module *mod);
void klp_module_going(struct module *mod);
livepatch: change to a per-task consistency model Change livepatch to use a basic per-task consistency model. This is the foundation which will eventually enable us to patch those ~10% of security patches which change function or data semantics. This is the biggest remaining piece needed to make livepatch more generally useful. This code stems from the design proposal made by Vojtech [1] in November 2014. It's a hybrid of kGraft and kpatch: it uses kGraft's per-task consistency and syscall barrier switching combined with kpatch's stack trace switching. There are also a number of fallback options which make it quite flexible. Patches are applied on a per-task basis, when the task is deemed safe to switch over. When a patch is enabled, livepatch enters into a transition state where tasks are converging to the patched state. Usually this transition state can complete in a few seconds. The same sequence occurs when a patch is disabled, except the tasks converge from the patched state to the unpatched state. An interrupt handler inherits the patched state of the task it interrupts. The same is true for forked tasks: the child inherits the patched state of the parent. Livepatch uses several complementary approaches to determine when it's safe to patch tasks: 1. The first and most effective approach is stack checking of sleeping tasks. If no affected functions are on the stack of a given task, the task is patched. In most cases this will patch most or all of the tasks on the first try. Otherwise it'll keep trying periodically. This option is only available if the architecture has reliable stacks (HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE). 2. The second approach, if needed, is kernel exit switching. A task is switched when it returns to user space from a system call, a user space IRQ, or a signal. It's useful in the following cases: a) Patching I/O-bound user tasks which are sleeping on an affected function. In this case you have to send SIGSTOP and SIGCONT to force it to exit the kernel and be patched. b) Patching CPU-bound user tasks. If the task is highly CPU-bound then it will get patched the next time it gets interrupted by an IRQ. c) In the future it could be useful for applying patches for architectures which don't yet have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. In this case you would have to signal most of the tasks on the system. However this isn't supported yet because there's currently no way to patch kthreads without HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. 3. For idle "swapper" tasks, since they don't ever exit the kernel, they instead have a klp_update_patch_state() call in the idle loop which allows them to be patched before the CPU enters the idle state. (Note there's not yet such an approach for kthreads.) All the above approaches may be skipped by setting the 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_patch' struct, which will disable per-task consistency and patch all tasks immediately. This can be useful if the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. Note that, even with this flag set, it's possible that some tasks may still be running with an old version of the function, until that function returns. There's also an 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_func' struct which allows you to specify that certain functions in the patch can be applied without per-task consistency. This might be useful if you want to patch a common function like schedule(), and the function change doesn't need consistency but the rest of the patch does. For architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE, the user must set patch->immediate which causes all tasks to be patched immediately. This option should be used with care, only when the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. In the future, architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE may be allowed to use per-task consistency if we can come up with another way to patch kthreads. The /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/transition file shows whether a patch is in transition. Only a single patch (the topmost patch on the stack) can be in transition at a given time. A patch can remain in transition indefinitely, if any of the tasks are stuck in the initial patch state. A transition can be reversed and effectively canceled by writing the opposite value to the /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/enabled file while the transition is in progress. Then all the tasks will attempt to converge back to the original patch state. [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141107140458.GA21774@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> # for the scheduler changes Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-02-14 08:42:40 +07:00
void klp_copy_process(struct task_struct *child);
void klp_update_patch_state(struct task_struct *task);
livepatch: change to a per-task consistency model Change livepatch to use a basic per-task consistency model. This is the foundation which will eventually enable us to patch those ~10% of security patches which change function or data semantics. This is the biggest remaining piece needed to make livepatch more generally useful. This code stems from the design proposal made by Vojtech [1] in November 2014. It's a hybrid of kGraft and kpatch: it uses kGraft's per-task consistency and syscall barrier switching combined with kpatch's stack trace switching. There are also a number of fallback options which make it quite flexible. Patches are applied on a per-task basis, when the task is deemed safe to switch over. When a patch is enabled, livepatch enters into a transition state where tasks are converging to the patched state. Usually this transition state can complete in a few seconds. The same sequence occurs when a patch is disabled, except the tasks converge from the patched state to the unpatched state. An interrupt handler inherits the patched state of the task it interrupts. The same is true for forked tasks: the child inherits the patched state of the parent. Livepatch uses several complementary approaches to determine when it's safe to patch tasks: 1. The first and most effective approach is stack checking of sleeping tasks. If no affected functions are on the stack of a given task, the task is patched. In most cases this will patch most or all of the tasks on the first try. Otherwise it'll keep trying periodically. This option is only available if the architecture has reliable stacks (HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE). 2. The second approach, if needed, is kernel exit switching. A task is switched when it returns to user space from a system call, a user space IRQ, or a signal. It's useful in the following cases: a) Patching I/O-bound user tasks which are sleeping on an affected function. In this case you have to send SIGSTOP and SIGCONT to force it to exit the kernel and be patched. b) Patching CPU-bound user tasks. If the task is highly CPU-bound then it will get patched the next time it gets interrupted by an IRQ. c) In the future it could be useful for applying patches for architectures which don't yet have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. In this case you would have to signal most of the tasks on the system. However this isn't supported yet because there's currently no way to patch kthreads without HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. 3. For idle "swapper" tasks, since they don't ever exit the kernel, they instead have a klp_update_patch_state() call in the idle loop which allows them to be patched before the CPU enters the idle state. (Note there's not yet such an approach for kthreads.) All the above approaches may be skipped by setting the 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_patch' struct, which will disable per-task consistency and patch all tasks immediately. This can be useful if the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. Note that, even with this flag set, it's possible that some tasks may still be running with an old version of the function, until that function returns. There's also an 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_func' struct which allows you to specify that certain functions in the patch can be applied without per-task consistency. This might be useful if you want to patch a common function like schedule(), and the function change doesn't need consistency but the rest of the patch does. For architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE, the user must set patch->immediate which causes all tasks to be patched immediately. This option should be used with care, only when the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. In the future, architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE may be allowed to use per-task consistency if we can come up with another way to patch kthreads. The /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/transition file shows whether a patch is in transition. Only a single patch (the topmost patch on the stack) can be in transition at a given time. A patch can remain in transition indefinitely, if any of the tasks are stuck in the initial patch state. A transition can be reversed and effectively canceled by writing the opposite value to the /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/enabled file while the transition is in progress. Then all the tasks will attempt to converge back to the original patch state. [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141107140458.GA21774@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> # for the scheduler changes Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-02-14 08:42:40 +07:00
static inline bool klp_patch_pending(struct task_struct *task)
{
return test_tsk_thread_flag(task, TIF_PATCH_PENDING);
}
static inline bool klp_have_reliable_stack(void)
{
return IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_STACKTRACE) &&
IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE);
}
void *klp_shadow_get(void *obj, unsigned long id);
void *klp_shadow_alloc(void *obj, unsigned long id, void *data,
size_t size, gfp_t gfp_flags);
void *klp_shadow_get_or_alloc(void *obj, unsigned long id, void *data,
size_t size, gfp_t gfp_flags);
void klp_shadow_free(void *obj, unsigned long id);
void klp_shadow_free_all(unsigned long id);
#else /* !CONFIG_LIVEPATCH */
static inline int klp_module_coming(struct module *mod) { return 0; }
static inline void klp_module_going(struct module *mod) {}
livepatch: change to a per-task consistency model Change livepatch to use a basic per-task consistency model. This is the foundation which will eventually enable us to patch those ~10% of security patches which change function or data semantics. This is the biggest remaining piece needed to make livepatch more generally useful. This code stems from the design proposal made by Vojtech [1] in November 2014. It's a hybrid of kGraft and kpatch: it uses kGraft's per-task consistency and syscall barrier switching combined with kpatch's stack trace switching. There are also a number of fallback options which make it quite flexible. Patches are applied on a per-task basis, when the task is deemed safe to switch over. When a patch is enabled, livepatch enters into a transition state where tasks are converging to the patched state. Usually this transition state can complete in a few seconds. The same sequence occurs when a patch is disabled, except the tasks converge from the patched state to the unpatched state. An interrupt handler inherits the patched state of the task it interrupts. The same is true for forked tasks: the child inherits the patched state of the parent. Livepatch uses several complementary approaches to determine when it's safe to patch tasks: 1. The first and most effective approach is stack checking of sleeping tasks. If no affected functions are on the stack of a given task, the task is patched. In most cases this will patch most or all of the tasks on the first try. Otherwise it'll keep trying periodically. This option is only available if the architecture has reliable stacks (HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE). 2. The second approach, if needed, is kernel exit switching. A task is switched when it returns to user space from a system call, a user space IRQ, or a signal. It's useful in the following cases: a) Patching I/O-bound user tasks which are sleeping on an affected function. In this case you have to send SIGSTOP and SIGCONT to force it to exit the kernel and be patched. b) Patching CPU-bound user tasks. If the task is highly CPU-bound then it will get patched the next time it gets interrupted by an IRQ. c) In the future it could be useful for applying patches for architectures which don't yet have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. In this case you would have to signal most of the tasks on the system. However this isn't supported yet because there's currently no way to patch kthreads without HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. 3. For idle "swapper" tasks, since they don't ever exit the kernel, they instead have a klp_update_patch_state() call in the idle loop which allows them to be patched before the CPU enters the idle state. (Note there's not yet such an approach for kthreads.) All the above approaches may be skipped by setting the 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_patch' struct, which will disable per-task consistency and patch all tasks immediately. This can be useful if the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. Note that, even with this flag set, it's possible that some tasks may still be running with an old version of the function, until that function returns. There's also an 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_func' struct which allows you to specify that certain functions in the patch can be applied without per-task consistency. This might be useful if you want to patch a common function like schedule(), and the function change doesn't need consistency but the rest of the patch does. For architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE, the user must set patch->immediate which causes all tasks to be patched immediately. This option should be used with care, only when the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. In the future, architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE may be allowed to use per-task consistency if we can come up with another way to patch kthreads. The /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/transition file shows whether a patch is in transition. Only a single patch (the topmost patch on the stack) can be in transition at a given time. A patch can remain in transition indefinitely, if any of the tasks are stuck in the initial patch state. A transition can be reversed and effectively canceled by writing the opposite value to the /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/enabled file while the transition is in progress. Then all the tasks will attempt to converge back to the original patch state. [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141107140458.GA21774@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> # for the scheduler changes Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-02-14 08:42:40 +07:00
static inline bool klp_patch_pending(struct task_struct *task) { return false; }
static inline void klp_update_patch_state(struct task_struct *task) {}
livepatch: change to a per-task consistency model Change livepatch to use a basic per-task consistency model. This is the foundation which will eventually enable us to patch those ~10% of security patches which change function or data semantics. This is the biggest remaining piece needed to make livepatch more generally useful. This code stems from the design proposal made by Vojtech [1] in November 2014. It's a hybrid of kGraft and kpatch: it uses kGraft's per-task consistency and syscall barrier switching combined with kpatch's stack trace switching. There are also a number of fallback options which make it quite flexible. Patches are applied on a per-task basis, when the task is deemed safe to switch over. When a patch is enabled, livepatch enters into a transition state where tasks are converging to the patched state. Usually this transition state can complete in a few seconds. The same sequence occurs when a patch is disabled, except the tasks converge from the patched state to the unpatched state. An interrupt handler inherits the patched state of the task it interrupts. The same is true for forked tasks: the child inherits the patched state of the parent. Livepatch uses several complementary approaches to determine when it's safe to patch tasks: 1. The first and most effective approach is stack checking of sleeping tasks. If no affected functions are on the stack of a given task, the task is patched. In most cases this will patch most or all of the tasks on the first try. Otherwise it'll keep trying periodically. This option is only available if the architecture has reliable stacks (HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE). 2. The second approach, if needed, is kernel exit switching. A task is switched when it returns to user space from a system call, a user space IRQ, or a signal. It's useful in the following cases: a) Patching I/O-bound user tasks which are sleeping on an affected function. In this case you have to send SIGSTOP and SIGCONT to force it to exit the kernel and be patched. b) Patching CPU-bound user tasks. If the task is highly CPU-bound then it will get patched the next time it gets interrupted by an IRQ. c) In the future it could be useful for applying patches for architectures which don't yet have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. In this case you would have to signal most of the tasks on the system. However this isn't supported yet because there's currently no way to patch kthreads without HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. 3. For idle "swapper" tasks, since they don't ever exit the kernel, they instead have a klp_update_patch_state() call in the idle loop which allows them to be patched before the CPU enters the idle state. (Note there's not yet such an approach for kthreads.) All the above approaches may be skipped by setting the 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_patch' struct, which will disable per-task consistency and patch all tasks immediately. This can be useful if the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. Note that, even with this flag set, it's possible that some tasks may still be running with an old version of the function, until that function returns. There's also an 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_func' struct which allows you to specify that certain functions in the patch can be applied without per-task consistency. This might be useful if you want to patch a common function like schedule(), and the function change doesn't need consistency but the rest of the patch does. For architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE, the user must set patch->immediate which causes all tasks to be patched immediately. This option should be used with care, only when the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. In the future, architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE may be allowed to use per-task consistency if we can come up with another way to patch kthreads. The /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/transition file shows whether a patch is in transition. Only a single patch (the topmost patch on the stack) can be in transition at a given time. A patch can remain in transition indefinitely, if any of the tasks are stuck in the initial patch state. A transition can be reversed and effectively canceled by writing the opposite value to the /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/enabled file while the transition is in progress. Then all the tasks will attempt to converge back to the original patch state. [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141107140458.GA21774@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> # for the scheduler changes Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-02-14 08:42:40 +07:00
static inline void klp_copy_process(struct task_struct *child) {}
#endif /* CONFIG_LIVEPATCH */
#endif /* _LINUX_LIVEPATCH_H_ */