License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 21:07:57 +07:00
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/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
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2016-09-30 16:43:18 +07:00
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#ifndef _ASM_POWERPC_HEAD_64_H
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#define _ASM_POWERPC_HEAD_64_H
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#include <asm/cache.h>
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2017-05-21 20:15:46 +07:00
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#ifdef __ASSEMBLY__
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2016-09-28 08:31:48 +07:00
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/*
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* We can't do CPP stringification and concatination directly into the section
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* name for some reason, so these macros can do it for us.
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*/
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.macro define_ftsec name
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.section ".head.text.\name\()","ax",@progbits
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.endm
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.macro define_data_ftsec name
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.section ".head.data.\name\()","a",@progbits
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.endm
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.macro use_ftsec name
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.section ".head.text.\name\()"
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.endm
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/*
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* Fixed (location) sections are used by opening fixed sections and emitting
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* fixed section entries into them before closing them. Multiple fixed sections
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* can be open at any time.
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*
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* Each fixed section created in a .S file must have corresponding linkage
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* directives including location, added to arch/powerpc/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
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*
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* For each fixed section, code is generated into it in the order which it
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* appears in the source. Fixed section entries can be placed at a fixed
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* location within the section using _LOCATION postifx variants. These must
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* be ordered according to their relative placements within the section.
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*
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* OPEN_FIXED_SECTION(section_name, start_address, end_address)
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* FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_BEGIN(section_name, label1)
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*
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* USE_FIXED_SECTION(section_name)
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* label3:
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* li r10,128
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* mv r11,r10
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2016-12-06 08:41:12 +07:00
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* FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_BEGIN_LOCATION(section_name, label2, start_address, size)
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* FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_END_LOCATION(section_name, label2, start_address, size)
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2016-09-28 08:31:48 +07:00
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* CLOSE_FIXED_SECTION(section_name)
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*
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* ZERO_FIXED_SECTION can be used to emit zeroed data.
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*
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* Troubleshooting:
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* - If the build dies with "Error: attempt to move .org backwards" at
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* CLOSE_FIXED_SECTION() or elsewhere, there may be something
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* unexpected being added there. Remove the '. = x_len' line, rebuild, and
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* check what is pushing the section down.
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2017-05-12 00:40:39 +07:00
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* - If the build dies in linking, check arch/powerpc/tools/head_check.sh
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* comments.
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2016-09-28 08:31:48 +07:00
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* - If the kernel crashes or hangs in very early boot, it could be linker
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* stubs at the start of the main text.
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*/
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#define OPEN_FIXED_SECTION(sname, start, end) \
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sname##_start = (start); \
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sname##_end = (end); \
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sname##_len = (end) - (start); \
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define_ftsec sname; \
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. = 0x0; \
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start_##sname:
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2017-05-29 14:39:40 +07:00
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/*
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* .linker_stub_catch section is used to catch linker stubs from being
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* inserted in our .text section, above the start_text label (which breaks
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* the ABS_ADDR calculation). See kernel/vmlinux.lds.S and tools/head_check.sh
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* for more details. We would prefer to just keep a cacheline (0x80), but
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* 0x100 seems to be how the linker aligns branch stub groups.
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*/
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#ifdef CONFIG_LD_HEAD_STUB_CATCH
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#define OPEN_TEXT_SECTION(start) \
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.section ".linker_stub_catch","ax",@progbits; \
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linker_stub_catch: \
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. = 0x4; \
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text_start = (start) + 0x100; \
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.section ".text","ax",@progbits; \
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.balign 0x100; \
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start_text:
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#else
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2016-09-28 08:31:48 +07:00
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#define OPEN_TEXT_SECTION(start) \
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text_start = (start); \
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.section ".text","ax",@progbits; \
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. = 0x0; \
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start_text:
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2017-05-29 14:39:40 +07:00
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#endif
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2016-09-28 08:31:48 +07:00
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#define ZERO_FIXED_SECTION(sname, start, end) \
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sname##_start = (start); \
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sname##_end = (end); \
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sname##_len = (end) - (start); \
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define_data_ftsec sname; \
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. = 0x0; \
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. = sname##_len;
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#define USE_FIXED_SECTION(sname) \
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fs_label = start_##sname; \
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fs_start = sname##_start; \
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use_ftsec sname;
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#define USE_TEXT_SECTION() \
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fs_label = start_text; \
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fs_start = text_start; \
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.text
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#define CLOSE_FIXED_SECTION(sname) \
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USE_FIXED_SECTION(sname); \
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. = sname##_len; \
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end_##sname:
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#define __FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_BEGIN(sname, name, __align) \
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USE_FIXED_SECTION(sname); \
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2016-10-13 10:43:52 +07:00
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.balign __align; \
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2016-09-28 08:31:48 +07:00
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.global name; \
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name:
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#define FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_BEGIN(sname, name) \
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2016-10-13 10:43:52 +07:00
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__FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_BEGIN(sname, name, IFETCH_ALIGN_BYTES)
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2016-09-28 08:31:48 +07:00
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2016-12-06 08:41:12 +07:00
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#define FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_BEGIN_LOCATION(sname, name, start, size) \
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2016-09-28 08:31:48 +07:00
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USE_FIXED_SECTION(sname); \
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name##_start = (start); \
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2016-12-06 08:41:12 +07:00
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.if ((start) % (size) != 0); \
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.error "Fixed section exception vector misalignment"; \
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.endif; \
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.if ((size) != 0x20) && ((size) != 0x80) && ((size) != 0x100); \
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.error "Fixed section exception vector bad size"; \
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.endif; \
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2016-09-28 08:31:48 +07:00
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.if (start) < sname##_start; \
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.error "Fixed section underflow"; \
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.abort; \
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.endif; \
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. = (start) - sname##_start; \
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.global name; \
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name:
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2016-12-06 08:41:12 +07:00
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#define FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_END_LOCATION(sname, name, start, size) \
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.if (start) + (size) > sname##_end; \
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2016-09-28 08:31:48 +07:00
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.error "Fixed section overflow"; \
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.abort; \
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.endif; \
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2016-12-06 08:41:12 +07:00
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.if (. - name > (start) + (size) - name##_start); \
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2016-09-28 08:31:48 +07:00
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.error "Fixed entry overflow"; \
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.abort; \
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.endif; \
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2016-12-06 08:41:12 +07:00
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. = ((start) + (size) - sname##_start); \
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2016-09-28 08:31:48 +07:00
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/*
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* These macros are used to change symbols in other fixed sections to be
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* absolute or related to our current fixed section.
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*
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* - DEFINE_FIXED_SYMBOL / FIXED_SYMBOL_ABS_ADDR is used to find the
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* absolute address of a symbol within a fixed section, from any section.
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*
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* - ABS_ADDR is used to find the absolute address of any symbol, from within
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* a fixed section.
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*/
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#define DEFINE_FIXED_SYMBOL(label) \
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label##_absolute = (label - fs_label + fs_start)
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#define FIXED_SYMBOL_ABS_ADDR(label) \
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(label##_absolute)
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#define ABS_ADDR(label) (label - fs_label + fs_start)
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2016-12-06 08:41:12 +07:00
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#define EXC_REAL_BEGIN(name, start, size) \
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FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_BEGIN_LOCATION(real_vectors, exc_real_##start##_##name, start, size)
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2016-09-30 16:43:18 +07:00
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2016-12-06 08:41:12 +07:00
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#define EXC_REAL_END(name, start, size) \
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FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_END_LOCATION(real_vectors, exc_real_##start##_##name, start, size)
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2016-09-30 16:43:18 +07:00
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2016-12-06 08:41:12 +07:00
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#define EXC_VIRT_BEGIN(name, start, size) \
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FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_BEGIN_LOCATION(virt_vectors, exc_virt_##start##_##name, start, size)
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2016-09-30 16:43:18 +07:00
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2016-12-06 08:41:12 +07:00
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#define EXC_VIRT_END(name, start, size) \
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FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_END_LOCATION(virt_vectors, exc_virt_##start##_##name, start, size)
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2016-09-30 16:43:18 +07:00
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2016-12-06 08:40:15 +07:00
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#define EXC_COMMON_BEGIN(name) \
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USE_TEXT_SECTION(); \
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.balign IFETCH_ALIGN_BYTES; \
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.global name; \
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2017-04-19 22:29:52 +07:00
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_ASM_NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(name); \
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2016-12-06 08:40:15 +07:00
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DEFINE_FIXED_SYMBOL(name); \
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2016-09-30 16:43:18 +07:00
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name:
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#define TRAMP_REAL_BEGIN(name) \
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2016-09-28 08:31:48 +07:00
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FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_BEGIN(real_trampolines, name)
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#define TRAMP_VIRT_BEGIN(name) \
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FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_BEGIN(virt_trampolines, name)
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2016-09-30 16:43:18 +07:00
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#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_BOOK3S_64_HANDLER
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2016-12-06 08:40:15 +07:00
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#define TRAMP_KVM_BEGIN(name) \
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2016-12-22 01:29:26 +07:00
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TRAMP_VIRT_BEGIN(name)
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2016-09-30 16:43:18 +07:00
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#else
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#define TRAMP_KVM_BEGIN(name)
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#endif
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2016-12-06 08:41:12 +07:00
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#define EXC_REAL_NONE(start, size) \
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FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_BEGIN_LOCATION(real_vectors, exc_real_##start##_##unused, start, size); \
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FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_END_LOCATION(real_vectors, exc_real_##start##_##unused, start, size)
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2016-09-30 16:43:18 +07:00
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2016-12-06 08:41:12 +07:00
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#define EXC_VIRT_NONE(start, size) \
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FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_BEGIN_LOCATION(virt_vectors, exc_virt_##start##_##unused, start, size); \
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2019-06-11 21:30:13 +07:00
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FIXED_SECTION_ENTRY_END_LOCATION(virt_vectors, exc_virt_##start##_##unused, start, size)
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2016-09-30 16:43:18 +07:00
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2017-05-21 20:15:46 +07:00
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#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
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2016-09-30 16:43:18 +07:00
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#endif /* _ASM_POWERPC_HEAD_64_H */
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