2012-03-16 06:50:52 +07:00
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<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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2012-04-12 05:20:58 +07:00
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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2012-03-16 06:50:52 +07:00
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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2012-04-12 05:20:58 +07:00
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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2012-03-16 06:50:52 +07:00
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2012-04-12 05:20:58 +07:00
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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2012-03-16 06:50:52 +07:00
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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2012-03-27 01:58:47 +07:00
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<refentry id="journalctl">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>journalctl</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>journalctl</refname>
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<refpurpose>Query the systemd journal</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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2012-07-13 05:29:26 +07:00
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<command>journalctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">MATCHES</arg></command>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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2012-06-01 06:05:38 +07:00
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<para><command>journalctl</command> may be used to
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query the contents of the
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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journal as written by
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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2012-09-06 04:08:06 +07:00
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<para>If called without parameter it will show the full
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contents of the journal, starting with the oldest
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entry collected.</para>
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2012-07-13 05:29:26 +07:00
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<para>If one or more match arguments are passed the
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output is filtered accordingly. A match is in the
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format <literal>FIELD=VALUE</literal>,
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e.g. <literal>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=httpd.service</literal>,
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referring to the components of a structured journal
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entry. See
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2012-04-04 03:31:48 +07:00
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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2012-07-13 05:29:26 +07:00
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for a list of well-known fields. If multiple matches
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are specified matching different fields the log
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entries are filtered by both, i.e. the resulting output
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will show only entries matching all the specified
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matches of this kind. If two matches apply to the same
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field, then they are automatically matched as
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alternatives, i.e. the resulting output will show
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entries matching any of the specified matches for the
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same field. Finally, if the character
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"<literal>+</literal>" appears as separate word on the
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command line all matches before and after are combined
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in a disjunction (i.e. logical OR).</para>
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2012-08-09 22:05:29 +07:00
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<para>As shortcuts for a few types of field/value
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matches file paths may be specified. If a file path
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refers to an executable file, this is equivalent to an
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<literal>_EXE=</literal> match for the canonicalized
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binary path. Similar, if a path refers to a device
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node, this is equivalent to a
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<literal>_KERNEL_DEVICE=</literal> match for the
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device.</para>
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2012-03-16 06:50:52 +07:00
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<para>Output is interleaved from all accessible
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journal files, whether they are rotated or currently
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being written, and regardless whether they belong to the
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system itself or are accessible user journals.</para>
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<para>All users are granted access to their private
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per-user journals. However, by default only root and
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users who are members of the <literal>adm</literal>
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group get access to the system journal and the
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journals of other users.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--help</option></term>
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<term><option>-h</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Prints a short help
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text and exits.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--version</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Prints a short version
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string and exits.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
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2012-06-10 23:32:11 +07:00
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<listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
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pager.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--all</option></term>
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<term><option>-a</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show all fields in
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full, even if they include unprintable
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characters or are very
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long.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--follow</option></term>
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<term><option>-f</option></term>
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2012-09-06 04:08:06 +07:00
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<listitem><para>Show only the most recent
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journal entries, and continuously print
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2012-03-16 07:00:23 +07:00
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new entries as they are appended to
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the journal.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--lines=</option></term>
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<term><option>-n</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Controls the number of
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journal lines to show, counting from
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2012-09-22 03:33:02 +07:00
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the most recent ones. The argument is
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optional, and if specified is a
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positive integer. If not specified and
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in follow mode defaults to 10. If this
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option is not passed and follow mode
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is not enabled, how many lines are
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shown is not
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limited.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-tail</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show all stored output
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lines, even in follow mode. Undoes the
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effect of
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<option>--lines=</option>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--output=</option></term>
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<term><option>-o</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Controls the
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2012-07-20 04:39:53 +07:00
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formatting of the journal entries that
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are shown. Takes one of
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<literal>short</literal>,
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<literal>short-monotonic</literal>,
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<literal>verbose</literal>,
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<literal>export</literal>,
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<literal>json</literal>,
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2012-09-06 05:25:32 +07:00
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<literal>json-pretty</literal>,
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<literal>cat</literal>. <literal>short</literal>
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is the default and generates an output
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that is mostly identical to the
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formatting of classic syslog log
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files, showing one line per journal
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entry. <literal>short-monotonic</literal>
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is very similar but shows monotonic
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timestamps instead of wallclock
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timestamps. <literal>verbose</literal>
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2012-07-15 15:41:40 +07:00
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shows the full structured entry items
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with all
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fields. <literal>export</literal>
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serializes the journal into a binary
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(but mostly text-based) stream
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suitable for backups and network
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2012-07-20 04:39:53 +07:00
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transfer (see <ulink
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url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/export">Journal
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Export Format</ulink> for more
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information). <literal>json</literal>
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formats entries as JSON data
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2012-09-06 05:25:32 +07:00
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structures, one per
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line. <literal>json-pretty</literal>
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also formats entries as JSON data
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structures, but formats them in
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multiple lines in order to make them
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more readable for
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humans. <literal>cat</literal>
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generates a very terse output only
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showing the actual message of each
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journal entry with no meta data, not
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even a timestamp.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
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<term><option>-q</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Suppresses any warning
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message regarding inaccessible system
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journals when run as normal
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user.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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2012-03-27 05:14:29 +07:00
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<varlistentry>
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2012-09-06 06:49:00 +07:00
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<term><option>--merge</option></term>
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<term><option>-m</option></term>
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2012-03-27 05:14:29 +07:00
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2012-09-06 06:49:00 +07:00
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<listitem><para>Show entries
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interleaved from all available
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journals, including remote
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ones.</para></listitem>
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2012-03-27 05:14:29 +07:00
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</varlistentry>
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2012-07-01 23:47:40 +07:00
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--this-boot</option></term>
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<term><option>-b</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show data only from
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2012-07-02 16:44:40 +07:00
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current boot.</para></listitem>
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2012-07-01 23:47:40 +07:00
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</varlistentry>
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2012-07-11 06:08:38 +07:00
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--directory=</option></term>
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<term><option>-D</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes an absolute
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directory path as argument. If
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2012-09-06 04:08:06 +07:00
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specified journalctl will operate on the
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2012-07-11 06:08:38 +07:00
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specified journal directory instead of
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the default runtime and system journal
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paths.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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2012-07-27 15:31:33 +07:00
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-p</option></term>
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<term><option>--priority=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Filter output by
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message priorities or priority
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ranges. Takes either a single numeric
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or textual log level (i.e. between
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0/<literal>emerg</literal> and
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7/<literal>debug</literal>), or a
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range of numeric/text log levels in
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the form FROM..TO. The log levels are
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the usual syslog log levels as
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documented in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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i.e. <literal>emerg</literal> (0),
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<literal>alert</literal> (1),
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<literal>crit</literal> (2),
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<literal>err</literal> (3),
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<literal>warning</literal> (4),
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<literal>notice</literal> (5),
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<literal>info</literal> (6),
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<literal>debug</literal> (7). If a
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single log level is specified all
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2012-09-06 04:08:06 +07:00
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messages with this log level or a
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2012-07-27 15:31:33 +07:00
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lower (hence more important) log level
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are shown. If a range is specified all
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messages within the range are shown,
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including both the start and the end
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value of the range.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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2012-08-17 06:09:43 +07:00
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|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
<term><option>--new-id128</option></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Instead of showing
|
|
|
|
|
journal contents generate a new 128
|
|
|
|
|
bit ID suitable for identifying
|
|
|
|
|
messages. This is intended for usage
|
|
|
|
|
by developers who need a new
|
|
|
|
|
identifier for a new message they
|
|
|
|
|
introduce and want to make
|
|
|
|
|
recognizable. Will print the new ID in
|
|
|
|
|
three different formats which can be
|
|
|
|
|
copied into source code or
|
|
|
|
|
similar.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
<term><option>--header</option></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Instead of showing
|
|
|
|
|
journal contents show internal header
|
2012-09-06 04:08:06 +07:00
|
|
|
information of the journal fields
|
2012-08-17 06:09:43 +07:00
|
|
|
accessed.</para></listitem>
|
2012-09-08 04:20:28 +07:00
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
<term><option>--disk-usage</option></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Shows the current disk
|
|
|
|
|
usage of all
|
|
|
|
|
journal files.</para></listitem>
|
2012-08-17 06:09:43 +07:00
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
<term><option>--setup-keys</option></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Instead of showing
|
|
|
|
|
journal contents generate a new key
|
|
|
|
|
pair for Forward Secure Sealing
|
|
|
|
|
(FSS). This will generate a sealing
|
|
|
|
|
key and a verification key. The
|
|
|
|
|
sealing key is stored in the journal
|
|
|
|
|
data directory and shall remain on the
|
|
|
|
|
host. The verification key should be
|
|
|
|
|
stored externally.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
<term><option>--interval=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Specifies the change
|
|
|
|
|
interval for the sealing key, when
|
|
|
|
|
generating an FSS key pair with
|
|
|
|
|
<option>--setup-keys</option>. Shorter
|
|
|
|
|
intervals increase CPU consumption but
|
|
|
|
|
shorten the time range of
|
|
|
|
|
undetectable journal
|
|
|
|
|
alterations. Defaults to
|
|
|
|
|
15min.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
<term><option>--verify</option></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Check the journal file
|
|
|
|
|
for internal consistency. If the
|
|
|
|
|
file has been generated with FSS
|
|
|
|
|
enabled, and the FSS verification key
|
|
|
|
|
has been specified with
|
|
|
|
|
<option>--verify-key=</option>
|
|
|
|
|
authenticity of the journal file is
|
|
|
|
|
verified.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
<term><option>--verify-key=</option></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Specifies the FSS
|
|
|
|
|
verification key to use for the
|
|
|
|
|
<option>--verify</option>
|
|
|
|
|
operation.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012-03-16 06:50:52 +07:00
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
<title>Exit status</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
|
|
|
|
|
code otherwise.</para>
|
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
<title>Environment</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Pager to use when
|
|
|
|
|
<option>--no-pager</option> is not given;
|
|
|
|
|
overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting
|
|
|
|
|
this to an empty string or the value
|
|
|
|
|
<literal>cat</literal> is equivalent to passing
|
|
|
|
|
<option>--no-pager</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012-07-13 05:29:26 +07:00
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
<title>Examples</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Without arguments all collected logs are shown
|
|
|
|
|
unfiltered:</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>journalctl</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>With one match specified all entries with a field matching the expression are shown:</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>If two different fields are matched only entries matching both expressions at the same time are shown:</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>If two matches refer to the same field all entries matching either expression are shown:</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>If the separator "<literal>+</literal>" is used
|
2012-09-06 04:08:06 +07:00
|
|
|
two expressions may be combined in a logical OR. The
|
2012-07-13 05:29:26 +07:00
|
|
|
following will show all messages from the Avahi
|
|
|
|
|
service process with the PID 28097 plus all messages
|
|
|
|
|
from the D-Bus service (from any of its
|
|
|
|
|
processes):</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097 + _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012-08-09 22:05:29 +07:00
|
|
|
<para>Show all logs generated by the D-Bus executable:</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>journalctl /usr/bin/dbus-daemon</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<para>Show all logs of the kernel device node <filename>/dev/sda</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>journalctl /dev/sda</programlisting>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012-07-13 05:29:26 +07:00
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012-03-16 06:50:52 +07:00
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
2012-06-01 06:05:38 +07:00
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
2012-03-16 06:50:52 +07:00
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
2012-04-04 03:31:48 +07:00
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
2012-03-31 04:18:33 +07:00
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
2012-03-16 06:50:52 +07:00
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|
