2010-06-23 07:12:10 +07:00
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<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle>
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2010-06-24 05:11:04 +07:00
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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2010-06-23 07:12:10 +07:00
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd</refname>
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<refpurpose>systemd System and Session Manager</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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2010-06-24 01:34:25 +07:00
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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2010-06-24 05:11:04 +07:00
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<command>systemd <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg></command>
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2010-06-24 01:34:25 +07:00
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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2010-06-24 05:11:04 +07:00
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<command>init <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg></command>
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2010-06-24 01:34:25 +07:00
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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2010-06-23 07:12:10 +07:00
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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2010-06-24 01:34:25 +07:00
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<para>systemd is a system and session manager for
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Linux operating systems. When run as first process on
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boot (as PID 1) it may act as init system that brings
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up and maintains userspace.</para>
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<para>For compatibility with SysV if systemd is called
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as <command>init</command> and a PID that is not
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1 it will execute <command>telinit</command> and pass
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all command line arguments unmodified. That means
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<command>init</command> and <command>telinit</command>
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are mostly equivalent when invoked from normal login sessions. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>telinit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for more information.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-h</option></term>
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<term><option>--help</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Prints a short help
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text and exits.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--unit=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Set default unit to
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activate on startup. If not specified
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defaults to
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<filename>default.target</filename>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--running-as=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Tell systemd to run in
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a particular mode. Argument is one of
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<option>system</option>,
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<option>session</option>. Normally it
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should not be necessary to pass this
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option, as systemd automatically
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detects the mode it is started
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in. This call is hence of little use
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except for
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debugging.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--test</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Determine startup
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sequence, dump it and exit. This is an
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option useful for debugging
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only.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--dump-configuration-items</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Dump understood unit
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configuration items. This outputs a
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2010-06-24 08:09:36 +07:00
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terse but complete list of
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configuration items understood in unit
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definition files.</para></listitem>
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2010-06-24 01:34:25 +07:00
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--confirm-spawn</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Ask for confirmation when spawning processes.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--introspect=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Extract D-Bus
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interface introspection data. This is
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mostly useful at build ot install time
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to generate data suitable for the
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D-Bus interfaces
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repository. Optionally the interface
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name for the introspection data may be
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specified. If omitted the
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introspection data for all interfaces
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is dumped.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--log-level=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Set log level. As
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argument this accepts a numerical log
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level or the well-known <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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symbolic names (lowercase):
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<option>emerg</option>,
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<option>alert</option>,
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<option>crit</option>,
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<option>err</option>,
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<option>warning</option>,
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<option>notice</option>,
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<option>info</option>,
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<option>debug</option>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--log-target=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Set log
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target. Argument must be one of
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<option>console</option>,
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<option>syslog</option>,
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<option>kmsg</option>,
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<option>syslog-or-kmsg</option>,
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<option>null</option>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--log-color=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Highlight important
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log messages. Argument is a boolean
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value. If the argument is omitted it
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defaults to
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<option>true</option>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--log-location=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Include code location
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in log messages. This is mostly
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relevant for debugging
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purposes. Argument is a boolean
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value. If the argument is omitted
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it defaults to
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<option>true</option>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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2010-06-24 05:11:04 +07:00
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<refsect1>
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<title>Directories</title>
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2010-06-24 08:09:36 +07:00
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>System unit directories</term>
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<listitem><para>The systemd system
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manager reads unit configuration from
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various directories. Packages that
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want to install unit files shall place
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them in the directory returned by
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<command>pkg-config systemd
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--variable=systemdsystemunitdir</command>. Other
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directories checked are
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<filename>/usr/local/share/systemd/system</filename>
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and
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<filename>/usr/share/systemd/system</filename>. User
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configuration always takes
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precedence. <command>pkg-config
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systemd
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--variable=systemdsystemconfdir</command>
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returns the path of the system
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configuration directory. Packages
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should alter this directory only with
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the
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-install</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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tool.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Session unit directories</term>
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<listitem><para>Similar rules apply
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for the session unit
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directories. However, here the <ulink
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url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html">XDG
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Base Directory specification</ulink>
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is followed to find
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units. Applications should place their
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unit files in the directory returned
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by <command>pkg-config systemd
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--variable=systemdsessionunitdir</command>. Global
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configuration is done in the
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directory reported by
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<command>pkg-config systemd
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--variable=systemdsessionconfdir</command>. The
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-install</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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tool can handle both global (i.e. for
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all users) and private (for one user)
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enabling/disabling of
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units.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>SysV init scripts directory</term>
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<listitem><para>The location of the
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SysV init script directory varies
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between distributions. If systemd
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cannot find a native unit file for a
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requested service it will look for a
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SysV init script of the same name
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(with the
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<filename>.service</filename> suffix
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removed).</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>SysV runlevel link farm directory</term>
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<listitem><para>The location of the
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SysV runlevel link farm directory
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varies between distributions. systemd
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will take the link farm into account
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when figuring out whether a service
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shall be enabled. Note that a service
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unit with a native unit configuration
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file can be started by activating it
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in the SysV runlevel link
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farm.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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2010-06-24 05:11:04 +07:00
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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2010-06-24 08:09:36 +07:00
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<title>Signals</title>
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2010-06-24 05:11:04 +07:00
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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2010-06-24 08:09:36 +07:00
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<term>SIGTERM</term>
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<listitem><para>Upon receiving this
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signal the systemd system manager
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serializes its state, reexecutes
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itself and deserializes the saved
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state again. This is mostly equivalent
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to <command>systemctl
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daemon-reexec</command>.</para>
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<para>systemd session managers will
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start the
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<filename>exit.target</filename> unit
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when this signal is received. This is
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mostly equivalent to
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<command>systemctl --session start
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exit.target</command>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>SIGINT</term>
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<listitem><para>Upon receiving this
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signal the systemd system manager will
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start the
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<filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename> unit. This
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is mostly equivalent to
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<command>systemctl start
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ctl-alt-del.target</command>.</para>
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<para>systemd session managers
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treat this signal the same way as
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SIGTERM.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>SIGWINCH</term>
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<listitem><para>When this signal is
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received the systemd system manager
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will start the
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<filename>kbrequest.target</filename>
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unit. This is mostly equivalent to
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<command>systemctl start
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kbrequest.target</command>.</para>
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<para>This signal is ignored by
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systemd session
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managers.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>SIGPWR</term>
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<listitem><para>When this signal is
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received the systemd manager
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will start the
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<filename>sigpwr.target</filename>
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unit. This is mostly equivalent to
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<command>systemctl start
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sigpwr.target</command>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>SIGUSR1</term>
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<listitem><para>When this signal is
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received the systemd manager will try
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to reconnect to the D-Bus
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bus.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>SIGUSR2</term>
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<listitem><para>When this signal is
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received the systemd manager will log
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its complete state in human readable
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form. The data logged is the same as
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printed by <command>systemctl
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dump</command>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>SIGHUP</term>
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|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Reloads the complete
|
|
|
|
daemon configuration. This is mostly
|
|
|
|
equivalent to <command>systemctl
|
|
|
|
daemon-reload</command>.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term>SIGRTMIN+0</term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Enters default mode, starts the
|
|
|
|
<filename>default.target</filename>
|
|
|
|
unit. This is mostly equivalent to
|
|
|
|
<command>systemctl start
|
|
|
|
default.target</command>.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term>SIGRTMIN+1</term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Enters rescue mode,
|
|
|
|
starts the
|
|
|
|
<filename>rescue.target</filename>
|
|
|
|
unit. This is mostly equivalent to
|
|
|
|
<command>systemctl isolate
|
|
|
|
rescue.target</command>.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
2010-06-24 05:11:04 +07:00
|
|
|
|
2010-06-24 08:09:36 +07:00
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term>SIGRTMIN+2</term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Enters emergency mode,
|
|
|
|
starts the
|
|
|
|
<filename>emergency.service</filename>
|
|
|
|
unit. This is mostly equivalent to
|
|
|
|
<command>systemctl isolate
|
|
|
|
emergency.service</command>.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term>SIGRTMIN+3</term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Halts the machine,
|
|
|
|
starts the
|
|
|
|
<filename>halt.target</filename>
|
|
|
|
unit. This is mostly equivalent to
|
|
|
|
<command>systemctl start
|
|
|
|
halt.target</command>.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term>SIGRTMIN+4</term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Powers off the machine,
|
|
|
|
starts the
|
|
|
|
<filename>poweroff.target</filename>
|
|
|
|
unit. This is mostly equivalent to
|
|
|
|
<command>systemctl start
|
|
|
|
poweroff.target</command>.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term>SIGRTMIN+5</term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Reboots the machine,
|
|
|
|
starts the
|
|
|
|
<filename>reboot.target</filename>
|
|
|
|
unit. This is mostly equivalent to
|
|
|
|
<command>systemctl start
|
|
|
|
reboot.target</command>.</para></listitem>
|
2010-06-24 05:11:04 +07:00
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
2010-06-24 08:09:36 +07:00
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<title>Environment</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>systemd reads the
|
|
|
|
log level from this environment
|
|
|
|
variable. This can be overriden with
|
|
|
|
<option>--log-level=</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>systemd reads the
|
|
|
|
log target from this environment
|
|
|
|
variable. This can be overriden with
|
|
|
|
<option>--log-target=</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_COLOR</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls whether
|
|
|
|
systemd highlights important log
|
|
|
|
messages. This can be overriden with
|
|
|
|
<option>--log-color=</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_LOCATION</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls whether
|
|
|
|
systemd prints the code location along
|
|
|
|
with log messages. This can be
|
|
|
|
overriden with
|
|
|
|
<option>--log-location=</option>.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><varname>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<term><varname>$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<term><varname>$XDG_DATA_HOME</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<term><varname>$XDG_DATA_DIRS</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>The systemd session
|
|
|
|
manager uses these variables in
|
|
|
|
accordance to the <ulink
|
|
|
|
url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html">XDG
|
|
|
|
Base Directory specification</ulink>
|
|
|
|
to find its configuration.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_UNIT_PATH</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls where systemd
|
|
|
|
looks for unit
|
|
|
|
files.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_SYSVINIT_PATH</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls where systemd
|
|
|
|
looks for SysV init scripts.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_SYSVRCND_PATH</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Controls where systemd
|
|
|
|
looks for SysV init script runlevel link
|
|
|
|
farms.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><varname>$LISTEN_PID</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
<term><varname>$LISTEN_FDS</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Set by systemd for
|
|
|
|
supervised processes during
|
|
|
|
socket-based activation. See
|
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
|
|
for more information.
|
|
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Set by systemd for
|
|
|
|
supervised processes for status and
|
|
|
|
start-up completion notification. See
|
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
|
|
for more information.
|
|
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
2010-06-24 05:11:04 +07:00
|
|
|
|
2010-06-24 01:34:25 +07:00
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<title>Sockets and FIFOs</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><filename>@/org/freedesktop/systemd1/notify</filename></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Daemon status
|
|
|
|
notification socket. This is an AF_UNIX
|
|
|
|
datagram socket in the Linux abstract
|
|
|
|
namespace, and is used to implement
|
|
|
|
the daemon notification logic as
|
|
|
|
implemented by
|
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><filename>@/org/freedesktop/systemd1/logger</filename></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Used internally by the
|
|
|
|
<filename>systemd-logger.service</filename>
|
|
|
|
unit to connect STDOUT and/or STDERR
|
|
|
|
of spawned processes to
|
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
|
|
or the kernel log buffer. This is an
|
|
|
|
AF_UNIX stream socket in the Linux
|
|
|
|
abstract namespace.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><filename>@/org/freedesktop/systemd1/private</filename></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Used internally as
|
|
|
|
communication channel between
|
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
|
|
and the systemd process. This is an
|
|
|
|
AF_UNIX stream socket in the Linux
|
|
|
|
abstract namespace. This interface is
|
|
|
|
private to systemd and should not be
|
|
|
|
used in external
|
|
|
|
projects.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<term><filename>/dev/initctl</filename></term>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>Limited compatibility
|
|
|
|
support for the SysV client interface,
|
|
|
|
as implemented by the
|
|
|
|
<filename>systemd-initctl.service</filename>
|
|
|
|
unit. This is a named pipe in the file
|
|
|
|
system. This interface is obsolete and
|
|
|
|
should not be used in new
|
|
|
|
applications.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
2010-06-23 07:12:10 +07:00
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
2010-06-24 08:09:36 +07:00
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemadm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-install</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
2010-06-23 07:12:10 +07:00
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
2010-06-24 08:09:36 +07:00
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
2010-06-23 07:12:10 +07:00
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|